The simplest fire alarm. Do-it-yourself fire alarm installation. Threshold systems with a modular structure

A properly installed fire alarm is the key to the safety of your property and your own safety. On modern market Several effective systems operating on different principles are presented. Explore the features of the available options, select the most suitable type of fire alarm, and then read the guide for calculating and installing sensors and what to do in case of a false alarm.

There are systems that use smoke and heat sensors. The principle of operation of the devices is clear from their name: thermal sensors are triggered when the temperature rises, while smoke sensors are activated when smoke forms within their range. The sensors can be directly powered by special control and control devices or batteries.

Good for home addressable analogue system, and address-interrogation signaling. Installations of the addressable survey type find fires as quickly as possible. Modern addressable analogue alarms are able to determine the location of the fire and even take some actions, for example, turn off ventilation system, close or open everything in the house, turn on the sound alarm, etc.

Modern ones are available for sale fire alarms with built-in GSM transmitter. In the event of a fire, such a system will call or send an alarm message to a specified number. This will give the owner the opportunity to immediately call the fire department and personally come home. Modern GSM systems can be programmed to notify several phone numbers at once, which is very convenient.

The nuances of installing and maintaining a fire alarm system

Fire detectors must be installed on every floor and in every room of the house. Attics and basements are also no exception. The best place The ceiling is used to place fire alarm sensors.

You can install the sensors yourself, but if possible, it is better to entrust this work to a licensed company.

Once installed, the alarm system will require regular maintenance. If the sensors are powered by batteries, check the functionality of the controllers every month. The batteries themselves usually use up their life in a year. It is recommended to replace the sensors with new ones at least every 7-10 years.

If the system elements are powered by a lithium battery, the sensors must also be tested monthly. If it is necessary to replace the battery with a new one, all warning devices must be replaced at the same time.

If your apartment or house has a wired system, check its serviceability every month. The power supply needs to be changed annually. The service life of the entire system is on average 7-10 years.

When installing a fire protection system, pay special attention to the cross-section and location of the cables. Consider the fact that in the future you may want to redesign rooms or make basic repairs. Try to think things through so that any repairs can be performed without making changes to the alarm system configuration.

Ensure reliable protection of the system from various types of unacceptable external damage (damage from insects, chemicals, etc.). The norms and rules for installing the systems in question are dictated by the relevant GOSTs. Carefully study the current regulatory documentation before starting installation work.

Buy equipment only from verified and licensed suppliers. Alarms of dubious manufacture usually behave unpredictably. For example, they often operate without any hint of a fire, but during a real fire they remain stubbornly silent. Therefore, do not skimp on your own safety and buy a high-quality system from a reputable manufacturer. All the same, the alarm system will not have to be replaced very often.

After installation, have your alarm serviced. To do this, it is better to contact a specialized company.

In preparation for installing a fire alarm, a number of special calculations must be performed. They will help you choose the most best option systems and avoid unnecessary costs during installation and maintenance of sensors.

One of the most important stages alarm calculation is Determining suitable power supply capacity. Decide which energy source will be most convenient for you to connect the sensors to. There are quite a lot of such sources: from ordinary batteries to solar batteries.

The required battery capacity is indicated in the instructions for the alarm. Check the value found with the information on the battery case. If the battery capacity is not enough, purchase a more powerful battery or connect several batteries in parallel.

If you connect multiple batteries in parallel, make sure their voltage is the same. Otherwise, the total capacity of the battery circuit will decrease.

Check the required wire cross-section for connecting fire alarm sensors. This information is usually provided in the system manual. Also pay attention to indicators such as battery capacity for standby and alarm modes. Add these values ​​up and you will get the total required battery capacity specifically for your system.

Connecting an alarm using the example of typical sensors

First stage . Determine the required number of alarm sensors. To determine the required number of controllers, you need to know the area of ​​the room served and the ceiling height. In the current regulatory documentation it is said that if the ceiling has a height of no more than 350 cm, then one sensor is sufficient to service 80 m2. At the same time, fire safety rules require that even in the most small room there were at least two controllers. Follow the last rule.

Second phase. Mark locations for installing fire detectors. The maximum permissible distance from the wall to the sensor according to regulatory documents is 450 cm. The sensors themselves must be installed in increments of at least 900 cm. This rule is relevant for situations where the ceiling is single-level and its height does not exceed 350 cm.

Wall-mounted models of fire sensors should be placed at a distance of 200 mm from the ceiling surface.

Third stage. Fix the sensors at the marked places and connect them to the power source using two-wire wires. The sensors are connected to each other in series. You need to install a resistor in the terminal block of the last controller.

Fourth stage. Test each sensor after connection. To do this, light a candle and pass its flame near the detector.

If the fire alarm goes off without any sign of a fire, you need to follow a few simple steps to turn it off. Otherwise, loud sound alerts and the activation of unnecessary additional funds will cause you a lot of trouble.

First option. Find out why the alarm went off in the first place. You cannot turn off the system without first checking all serviced premises. High-quality systems extremely rarely work without any reason. Maybe there was smoke or a real fire in some room of the house. If there is an “irritant”, eliminate it, and the system will turn off on its own. Be sure to check the condition of the electrical wiring.

Second option. If you have not found any reasons for the alarm to go off, proceed to turn it off. The shutdown procedure depends on the type of specific system. The simplest option is to disconnect the alarm from the power source. However, this option can be considered solely as a temporary solution to the problem, because With a disabled alarm, you are jeopardizing the safety of your home and everyone in it.

Third option. If your home has a centralized control panel, turn off the alarm from it. In some situations, this procedure requires entering a special code. If you don't know it, contact the company that services your fire alarm.

Fourth option. If the controller becomes very dusty, for example, during repair work, to disconnect it, it will be enough to remove the front panel from the sensor and rub its “insides” with a cotton swab slightly moistened with alcohol. If this was the problem, after such cleaning the alarm will turn off. From now on, monitor the condition of the sensors and clean them promptly.

Fifth option. If you need to turn off the fire alarm in a particular room, you can wrap the sensor with adhesive tape. However, after such processing the controller will become useless. Remove the tape immediately after identifying and correcting the problem.

Sixth option. If none of the above helped, use the most radical solution - cut the wires connected to the sensor. The fire alarm will turn off, but will become completely useless until you repair it. Try to figure out the cause of the false alarms of the sensors as quickly as possible and eliminate the malfunctions.

If this is possible, contact a specialized company. Its employees will diagnose the fire alarm and give recommendations on further actions on your part.

Thus, in self-installation There is absolutely nothing complicated about fire alarms. You just need to understand in detail the sequence of connecting the sensors and follow the instructions. Be sure to check the manufacturer's recommendations. Many modern systems have a number of features that need to be clarified separately. Your safety depends on the correct installation and connection of sensors, remember this.

Good luck!

Video - DIY fire alarm installation

We specialize in equipment from both budget and more expensive manufacturers of fire alarm systems, such as: SYSTEM SENSOR, BOLID, IRSET, Siberian Arsenal, Arton, Rubezh, MaviGard, Argus-Spectrum and so on. We have proven suppliers of both equipment and consumables and always find an individual approach to each client. In all cases, the cost of our work is calculated individually and depends on a number of factors, such as the specifics of the object itself and the type of system chosen. It is also worth remembering that we have a system of bonuses and discounts, which applies to both new and regular customers. We guarantee the quality of our work by providing long-term GUARANTEES. WITH approximate cost The provision of our services for the installation of fire alarm systems can be found in the table below.

If you have any questions, be sure to contact our specialists who will be able to advise you and help you choose best solution your task and will significantly save your time and money.

For a general understanding of the cost of installing a fire alarm system, let’s consider several of the most popular standard solutions:

Let's consider the cost of installing a fire alarm system in a four-story office building with a total area of ​​about 1000 m2. According to the customer's requirements, the system must comply with all state fire safety standards and have all permits for its operation.

Considering the specifics of this object and relying on the requirements of the current fire safety standards(SP 5.13130.2009), it was decided to use the fire alarm system (FAS) produced by the BOLID company, which meets the requirements fire protection, has the appropriate certificates for its safe operation and will allow you to control every room of the facility. Thus, the ATP of this object includes:

• optical smoke detector IP-212-26U- 133 pcs;
• fire detector thermal IP-104-1- 23 pcs;
• manual fire detector - 10 pcs.

Equipment placement plan on the fourth floor

• internal cable laying in a corrugated pipe (1700 m): 1700 * (30+20) = 85000 rub.
• installation of a control panel (1 pc.): 1*4000 = 4000 rub.
• installation of fire smoke detectors (133 pcs.): 133*451 = RUB 59,983
• installation of fire heat detectors (23 pcs.): 23*451 = 10373 rub.
• installation of fire manual call points (10 pcs.): 10*451 = 4510 rub.
• system setup: 15000 R.

Total: the total cost of installing a turnkey fire alarm system in a four-story office building with an area of ​​about 1000 m2 will be about 93866 rub.

Let's consider the cost of installing a fire alarm system in a small grocery store with a total area of ​​about 105 m2. According to the customer's requirements, the system must comply with all state fire safety standards and have all permits for its operation.

Considering the specifics of this facility and relying on the requirements of current fire safety standards (SP 5.13130.2009), it was decided to use without address system fire alarm system (SPS) produced by the Sibirsky Arsenal company, which meets the fire protection requirements, has the appropriate certificates for its safe operation and will allow you to control every room of the facility. Thus, the ATP of this object includes:

• control and reception device - 1 piece;
• display and control unit BIU- 1 PC;
• optical smoke detector - 8 pcs;
• manual fire detector - 1 pc.

With this equipment placement, the cost of installation work and system adjustment will be:

• internal cable laying in a corrugated pipe (120 m): 120 * (30+20) = 6000 rub.
• installation of a control panel (1 pc.): 1*1280 = 1280 rub.
• installation of the display and control unit (1 pc.): 1*845 = 845 rub.
• installation of fire smoke detectors (8 pcs.): 8*451 = 3608 rub.
• installation of fire manual call points (10 pcs.): 1*451 = 451 rub.
• system setup: 2000 rub.

Total: the total cost of installing a turnkey fire alarm system in a grocery store with an area of ​​about 105 m2 will be about 14184 rub. excluding the cost of the equipment used.

Let's consider the cost of installing a fire alarm system in a three-story secondary school with a total area of ​​about 2000 m2. According to the customer's requirements, the system must comply with all state fire safety standards and have all permits for its operation.

• control panel - 1 piece;
• two-wire line controller - 3 pcs;
• branching-isolating block - 10 pcs.
• signal and trigger unit - 1 piece;
• relay module - 1 piece;
• address expander - 1 piece;
• uninterruptable power source RIP-12 (sp.01)- 1 PC;
• fire smoke detector - 181 pcs;
• thermal fire detector - 10 pcs;
• manual fire detector - 17 pcs;
• linear smoke detector - 5 pcs.

Basement equipment layout plan

Equipment placement plan on the first floor

Equipment placement plan on the second floor

Layout of equipment on the third floor

With this equipment placement, the cost of installation work and system adjustment will be:

• internal cable laying in a corrugated pipe (2200 m): 2200 * (30+20) = 110,000 rub.
• 845 rub.
• installation of a two-wire line controller (3 pcs.): 3*845 = 2535 rub.
• installation of branching-isolating block (10 pcs.): 10*845 = 8450 rub.
• installation of signal and trigger unit (1 pc.): 1*845 = 845 rub.
• installation of relay module (1 pc.): 1*845 = 845 rub.
• installation of address expander (1 pc.): 1*845 = 845 rub.
• installation of an uninterruptible power supply (1 pc.): 1*900 = 900 rub.
• installation of fire smoke detectors (181 pcs.): 181*451 = 81631 rub.
• installation of fire heat detectors (10 pcs.): 10*451 = 4510 rub.
• installation of fire manual call points (17 pcs.): 17*451 = 7667 rub.
• installation of fire smoke detectors (5 pcs.): 5*1650 = 8250 rub.
• system setup: 45000 rub.

Total: the total cost of installing a turnkey fire alarm system in a three-story secondary school with an area of ​​about 2000 m2 will be about RUB 272,323 excluding the cost of the equipment used.

Fire alarm for warehouse

Let's consider the cost of installing a fire alarm system in a large warehouse complex with a total area of ​​about 15,000 m2. According to the customer's requirements, the system must comply with all state fire safety standards and have all permits for its operation.

Considering the specifics of this facility and relying on the requirements of current fire safety standards (SP 5.13130.2009), it was decided to use an addressable fire alarm system (AFS) produced by the Z-LINE company, which meets the requirements of fire protection and has the appropriate certificates for its safe operation and will allow you to control every room of the facility. Since this object has a fairly large area, modern aspiration smoke detectors produced by the Spetsavtomatika company will be completely used to protect it. This solution will allow you to save on cable products and the overall cost of installation work. Thus, the ATP of this object includes:

• control panel Z-101 - 1 PC;
• addressable input/output module Z-021 - 34 pcs;
• relay module Z-022 - 34 pcs;
• aspiration fire detector IPA- 34 pcs;
• uninterruptible power supply - 10 pcs;
• smooth rigid pipe for aspiration detector - 784 m.

Plan piping aspiration detectors in the main warehouse space

Equipment layout plan in the main warehouse space

With this equipment placement, the cost of installation work and system adjustment will be:

• internal cable laying in a corrugated pipe (1100 m): 1100 * (30+20) = 55000 rub.
• installation of a control panel (1 piece): 1*2500 = 2500 rub.
• installation of input/output modules (34 pcs.): 34*845 = 28730 rub.
• installation of relay modules (34 pcs.): 34*845 = 28730 rub.
• installation of aspirating fire detectors (34 pcs.): 34*1000 = 34000 rub.
• installation of an uninterruptible power supply (1 pc.): 10*900 = 9000 rub.
• installation of a pipe for aspirating detectors (784 m): 784*30 = 23520 rub.
• system setup: 36000 rub.

Total: the total cost of installing a turnkey fire alarm system in a warehouse complex with an area of ​​about 15,000 m2 will be about RUB 217,480 excluding the cost of the equipment used.

Let's consider the cost of installing a fire alarm system in a multi-story residential building (16 floors and underground parking). According to the customer's requirements, the system must comply with all state fire safety standards and have all permits for its operation.

Considering the specifics of this facility and relying on the requirements of current fire safety standards (SP 5.13130.2009), it was decided to use an addressable fire alarm system (AFS) produced by the BOLID company, which meets the fire protection requirements, has the appropriate certificates for its safe operation and will allow control every room of the facility. Thus, the ATP of this object includes:

Equipment placement plan in the parking lot

Equipment placement plan on the first floor ( office rooms)

Equipment placement plan on a typical floor (floor 2-15)

Equipment placement plan on the top floor (floor 16)

With this equipment placement, the cost of installation work and system adjustment will be:

• internal cable laying in a corrugated pipe (1200 m): 1200 * (30+20) = 60,000 rub.
• installation of control panel (1 pc.): 1*1280 = 1280 rub.
• installation of two-wire communication line controllers (6 pcs.): 6*845 = 5070 rub.
• installation of display units (6 pcs.): 6*845 = 5070 rub.
• installation of a backup power supply (1 pc.): 10*900 = 9000 rub.
• installation of optical-electronic fire smoke detectors (234 pcs.): 234*451 = RUB 105,534
• installation of manual addressable electric contact fire detectors (34 pcs.): 34*451 = 15334 rub.
• installation of thermal addressable analogue fire detectors (141 pcs.): 141*451 = RUB 63,591
• system setup: 50,000 rub.

Total: the total cost of installing a turnkey fire alarm system in a multi-storey residential building will be about RUB 314,879 excluding the cost of the equipment used.

The installation (installation) and commissioning of automatic fire alarm systems (AUPS), as well as any other actions for the subsequent uninterrupted operation of fire alarm systems must be carried out in full accordance with:

An adopted project, as required by Article 83 of the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements, or an inspection report, in accordance with standard design solutions, as allowed by the rules “RD 78.145-93. Security, fire and security-fire alarm systems and complexes. Rules for production and acceptance of work";

Technical documentation of equipment manufacturers;

Current regulatory requirements.

Dispatching;

Commissioning

Simultaneously with these documents, the order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2009 No. 624 is in force today, according to which, the List of types of construction, reconstruction and major repair works (Section III) that affect the safety of capital construction projects includes installation and commissioning:

Electrical installations and equipment;

Automation systems, alarms and interconnected devices (clauses 23.6 and 24.10).

Thus, to perform these types of work, not only licenses from the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations are required, but also SRO approvals. The Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the Conclusion dated June 29, 2012 “On the examination of the order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia dated December 30, 2009 No. 624 “On approval of the list of types of work...” criticized the duplication in various legal documents works that are simultaneously subject to licensing and require SRO approval.

As a result, there is a need to clarify this situation, in which the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation acted as the arbiter. In his Determination No. APL13-295 dated July 16, 2013, he emphasized that the installation of automatic fire alarm system, if it is carried out at the operation stage of already constructed, commissioned buildings and structures, requires licensing, but not SRO approval. At the same time, if the relevant work is carried out only during construction, reconstruction or major renovation buildings and structures, in addition to the license of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the installation company must have an SRO permit. Activities affecting facilities during the operation and current repairs buildings and structures are not regulated by urban planning legislation. Also, SRO approvals are not required for installation and commissioning work at individual housing construction sites and facilities for which the issuance of a building permit is not required.

The Integrated Security Alliance has all the necessary permits to carry out full cycle installation and commissioning of automatic fire alarm systems both at the stage of building construction and during its operation or routine repairs. In addition, the company’s specialists can provide certificates confirming completion of training at the manufacturers of the installed equipment.

Preparatory work for installation of AUPS

The installation and commissioning organization begins work on installing a fire alarm within the time limits established by the contract, while the building in which installation work will be carried out must comply with the requirements of the set of rules “SP 68.13330.2017. Acceptance into operation of completed construction projects. Basic provisions. Updated version of SNiP 3.01.04-87.”

Before direct installation of the AUPS elements, their integrity and operability, completeness of technical documentation are checked, the necessary materials (products) are selected and the workplace is organized, and the presence of electric lighting in the installation areas is established. Work production logs are prepared, which are maintained in accordance with RD-11-05-2007, approved by Rostechnadzor order No. 7 dated January 12, 2007, as well as other production documentation, including Acts:

Surveys, with annex to it: estimates for installation and commissioning work; building plan; Technical specifications for the customer to ensure the technical strength of the facility;

On the acceptance and transfer of equipment for installation (unified form No. OS-15, approved by Decree of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated January 21, 2003 No. 7, OKUD form - 0306007);

Readiness of the building for installation work (according to the form of the inspection report of critical structures given in Appendix No. 4 to the Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining as-built documentation RD-11-02-2006);

Inspections of hidden work, compiled for each type of installation of electrical wiring: in walls, ceilings and floors; inside the sewer; in the ground (Appendix No. 3 to the Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining executive documentation RD-11-02-2006);

On carrying out incoming inspection, with entry into the incoming inspection log (Appendix No. 3 to the Manual to the governing document RD 78.145-93, standards “GOST 24297-2013. Verification of purchased products. Organization and methods of control” and “GOST R 50-601- 40-93 Recommendations. Incoming control products. Basic provisions");

Tests of protective pipelines with separation hermetic seals are compiled for installation in hazardous areas (Appendix No. 8 to the Manual to the governing document RD 78.145-93);

On the completion of installation work, together with a list of installed control and control devices (PPK), signal and triggering devices (SPU), detectors (IP), sirens, technical means of AUPS (Appendices No. 5 and No. 16 to the Manual to the governing document RD 78.145- 93);

On completion of commissioning work (Appendix No. 14 to the Manual to the governing document RD 78.145-93);

On acceptance of technical signaling equipment into operation (Appendix No. 17 to the Manual to the governing document RD 78.145-93); and also Protocols:

Warming up cables on drums is drawn up only when carrying out work at low temperatures (Appendix A.17 to the set of rules “SP 77.13330.2016. Automation systems. Updated edition of SNiP 3.05.07-85” or Appendix 21 to “STO 11233753-001- 2006. Automation systems. Installation and commissioning");

Insulation resistance measurements (Appendix A.16 to the set of rules “SP 77.13330.2016. Automation systems. Updated edition of SNiP 3.05.07-85”).

As you can see, the main acts, protocols and statements are drawn up for the most important and sensitive areas of installation work. In addition, when installing AUPS, it is necessary to be guided by a system of standards in the field of general occupational safety requirements (GSR), in particular:

 “GOST 12.1.004-91. Fire safety. General requirements»;

 “GOST 12.1.030-81. Electrical safety. Protective grounding. Zeroing";

 “GOST 12.2.007.0-75. Electrical products";

 “GOST 12.3.046-91. Automatic fire extinguishing installations,” etc.

When preparing for electrical installation work, the following requirements must be met:

 Code of rules “SP 48.13330.2011. Organization of construction. Updated edition of SNiP 12-01-2004";

 Code of rules “SP 76.13330.2016. Electrical devices. Updated edition of SNiP 3.05.06-85";

 Rules for the construction of electrical installations (PUE No. 7), approved by order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated April 9, 2003 No. 150.

Requirements for the installation of AUPS are enshrined in numerous regulations, which are both general (universal) and special (industry and departmental) in nature. But the fundamental documents, as in design, should be considered the federal law dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ and Code of Practice “SP 5.13130.2009. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules."

Sequence (stages) of fire alarm installation

After the customer (construction organization) has completed:

Conditions for safe installation work,

Laying electrical networks with devices for connecting the electrical wiring of the AUPS,

Introducing 2 independent sources of power supply in premises where the project provides for the installation of receiving and control devices (RPKU), signal and triggering devices (SPU),

and the installation contractor performed all preparatory work and the Certificate of Readiness of the building for installation work is signed, in accordance with the architectural and construction drawings, building structures (walls, ceilings, foundations) are marked for gating (if hidden wiring is provided), making holes, openings, niches and nests for the installation of embedded devices and fastenings - if these works were not performed by the construction organization in accordance with the RD for the capital construction project.

The entire scope of installation work can be divided into three main blocks:

1. Wiring of loops to the locations of AUPS units (including the placement of electrical decoupling boxes, panels and corrugated hoses, protective pipes of electrical wiring, connecting sockets, as well as gating of concrete floors - if necessary, do hidden gasket cable).

2. Installation and connection of central and peripheral equipment (fire detectors (IP), sirens, UPS, alarm triggering devices (SPU), reception and control equipment (PPKU, modular fire stations, addressable event visualization panels), as well as integration AUPS into existing engineering systems: SOUE, AUPT, ACS, elevator systems, etc.).

3. Commissioning work (connecting power supply, electrical testing, adjusting and configuring peripheral devices, programming, testing (testing) the performance of individual elements and the system as a whole, launching the automated control system).

Based on the results of the tests and performance checks of the fire alarm system, the company specialist hands it over to the customer, and also introduces the features of the functioning of the automatic fire alarm system to the employees of the protection facility responsible for fire safety in the form of instructions.

Installation of control panel and fire alarm system loops

The connection of all components and elements of the system is made using wires and cables, the requirements for the type (FRLS, FRHF, etc.), core material, cross-sectional diameter and installation method are defined in the standards GOST R 53325-2012 and GOST 31565-2012, PUE (7th edition), as well as in paragraph 13.15. set of rules SP 5.13130.2009. Thus, in the case of open installation, the minimum distance between power/lighting cables and low-voltage (up to 60 V) cables/connecting lines of the AUPS should be 50 cm; the latter also cannot be enclosed in the same box (pipe) with lines having a voltage of 110 V and above . In conditions of significant electromagnetic influences, it makes sense to use fiber optic communication lines.

When installing fire alarm control and control devices (PPKP/PPU) and the fire notification transmission system (SPI), the requirements of the provisions of the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 are taken into account, guidance document RD 78.145-93 and manuals for it, methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia R 78.36.032-2013 and R 78.36.032-2014.

Thus, PPKU should be installed in the premises of a fire post or for round-the-clock duty, with an area of ​​15 square meters. m and with a humidity of no more than 80%, which, in turn, should be located no higher than the 2nd floor or with a separate exit to the street through a corridor and stairs with a total length of no more than 25 meters. The illumination in the room must comply with the requirements of the set of rules “SP 52.13330.2016. Natural and artificial lighting. Updated edition of SNiP 23-05-95*", and ventilation - to the requirements of the set of rules "SP 60.13330.2016. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Updated edition of SNiP 41-01-2003.” It is necessary to have a telephone connection with fire service Ministry of Emergency Situations.

PPKU (block-modular fire panels or stations) are mounted at a distance of at least 1 m from the floor and heating systems in such a way as to provide comfortable access for monitoring the display and maintenance. At the same time, at least 1 meter must remain from the upper edge of the fireproof housing of the PPKU to the suspended ceiling (if any). When several modules of PPKU, PPU and other units are arranged in one row, there must be a space of at least 5 cm between them. The placement of a backup power supply in the form of a rechargeable UPS in the fire station premises must provide for its recharging mode; in addition, the rechargeable batteries must be sealed frame.

The national standard GOST R 53325-2012 identifies several types of AUPS in terms of the installed PPKP/PPU and SPI equipment. As a result, automatic fire alarm installations can be classified according to many criteria (see Fig. 1-a and 1-b), but it is customary to distinguish three main types of automatic fire alarm systems:

1. Non-addressable (standard): they have a ray (radial) loop topology, do not show a specific source of fire, but only the zone in which it occurred, cannot generate a “fault” signal, cannot receive information from the IPD about the dust content of the smoke chamber, are subject to frequent false positives.

2. Addressable-threshold: they can have any loop topology; in such AUPS sensors diagnose themselves and “decide on their own” what type of notification to send to the control panel, which only monitors the integrity of the loop and receives signals from the IP. In such systems, it is impossible to accurately determine the location of the ring loop break; they do not use short circuit insulators. When identifying the location of a fire, those on duty can only rely on the number of the loop along the length of which fire detectors are located.

3. Addressable analogue: in the AUPS data such important advantages appear as early detection of signs of fire, precise definition fire locations (loop damage), the lowest level of false alarms, successful interaction with systems automatic fire extinguishing, smoke removal and warning. The advantages are due to the possibilities:

“fine” tuning of detectors to certain levels of sensitivity values, the achievement of which means the occurrence of programmed events/states and the formation of a signal to the control panel;

Receipt of information from individual entrepreneurs “online”, which allows you to timely identify the weakest points in the chain, predict failures and take preventive actions for possible breakdown of automatic control system elements;

Centralized processing of all information from detectors and other peripheral devices by the PPKU microprocessor in real time - automatic polling of all sensors is carried out: collection, analysis and differentiation of information from each detector separately.

Rice. 1-a. Classification of AUPS according to GOST R 53325-2012

Rice. 1-b. Classification of AUPS according to GOST R 53325-2012, GOST 26342-84 and RD 78.145-93

From a constructive point of view, the most promising at the moment are block-modular fire panels and stations with microprocessor controlled- PPKP/PPU devices with a chassis/frame for installing additional expansion cards. They allow significant scaling of the initial capacity and functionality of the AUPS due to the additional configuration of the control panel unit with micromodules, which can be designed:

for additional lines, expanding the number of loops (up to 32 or more) and groups of detectors (up to 1512 addressable devices and more);

for building a loop with a radial-ring topology based on 200+ or ​​200AP protocols and automatic addressing;

for control of non-addressed loop;

for additional configurable inputs/outputs, for example, open collectors for connecting relays, LEDs;

to increase the number of ports and conversion/connection via various protocols/interfaces;

to activate the main detector (master box) and transmit the alarm and fault signal to the appropriate emergency services;

for intermodular Ethernet network connections;

to repeat (retransmit) a signal;

for controlling 240V circuits;

for short circuit insulation, etc.

Installation of such stations and panels for controlling AUPS is carried out comfortably and relatively quickly, similar to assembly system unit for PC. They are convenient to integrate with other engineering systems. Modular fire panels in protected housings with well-structured displays are available in various sizes and are suitable for both wall and frame mounting. Most in demand Bosch models FPA-5000, Siemens Cerberus PRO and Siemens Synova, Esser IQ8 Control M and Flex, ESMI FX NET (Schneider Electric).

Installation of fire detectors

The basic classification of fire alarm elements and their abbreviations are given in the national standard “GOST R 53325-2012. Fire equipment. Technical means fire automatics. General technical requirements. Test methods".

The number of fire detectors (FD), their type, principle of operation, sensitivity class to the fire factor, response speed (inertia), are initially prescribed in the project and depend both on the geometry, number and area of ​​premises, and on the prevailing fire factors. The state standard provides for the installation of detectors under the ceiling. In situations where this is not possible, they can be placed on columns, walls, or cables.

When placing these devices, the most important requirement is the standard distances - from walls, corners, ceilings, floors, between each other, ventilation openings and air conditioners, natural sources of heat and smoke, and other building structures. For example, manual fire call points (FMD) are installed taking into account the degree of their illumination (visibility), distance from other MFR - no more than 50 m inside the building, and outside the building - up to 150 m, at a level of 1.5 m from the floor, on a distance of 75 cm from sockets, switches, etc.

The area controlled by one individual entrepreneur is influenced by such factors as the height of the room, the slope of the ceiling (roof), the delimitation of the ceiling space into compartments, the width and depth of the ceiling compartments formed by protruding building structures, beams, or shelving, partitions or furniture, if they are close to ceiling 60 cm or more. In such cases, each compartment formed by the structures must be equipped with separate detectors, regardless of the area of ​​the room and the proximity of the detectors to each other. Most of the nuances that need to be taken into account when installing detectors of various types are spelled out in paragraphs 13.3–13.12, 14.1, as well as in tables for calculating distances 13.3–13.6 and Clause 1 of the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009. Within the established limits, the distances between the detectors, as well as between the wall and the detectors, are allowed to vary, but no more than is indicated in the technical specifications and passports for specific IP models.

Detectors are installed in pre-prepared places - holes or sockets, to which two-wire communication lines from the controllers are connected according to the external connection diagram given in the technical documentation. The basic grounds for individual entrepreneurs can be established:

on hard surfaces - using connecting sockets (with a clockwise rotational movement, the IP is turned until the marks on the socket and the detector are aligned or a characteristic click);

in suspended ceilings or on cables - using special installation kits, reminiscent of mounts for recessed lamps.

In the non-volatile memory of addressable (point) devices, a range of free addresses (usually more than a hundred) is specified - all that remains is in the fire panel (PPKU) or PC to assign the required number to the IP. Modern software systems do not allow you to mistakenly assign the same addresses to several devices. Combined IP for each of its parts (for example, gas and heat) allows you to assign your own address in the line. Detectors, especially combined models (CPM), can operate in several modes; this requires setting the required types of inputs (zones) in a certain way.

Detectors generate signals “Normal”, “Fire”, “Attention”, “Fault”, “Maintenance required”, etc., which correspond to a specific LED indication on the IP, and transmit them to the addressable event visualization panel, and can also broadcast temperature values environment (IPT), current concentration carbon monoxide(IPG), smoke or dust content of the smoke chamber (SPD), distance to the fire, etc. The response thresholds for the “Fire” and “Attention” signals in individual IP models can be programmed individually.

At the testing stage, the operability of the detectors is checked by fire test factors: a gas mixture (for IPG), laser testers or even hot air from a hair dryer (for IPT), an aerosol smoke simulator (for IPD), etc. If the AUPS is combined with a fire extinguishing system, then for the duration of the tests in the fire panel, the control outputs to the fire alarm system are turned off and the relevant services and organizations are warned about the activities. After completing the actions prescribed in the technical documentation, the detectors are ready for operation.

Fire alarm installation cost

Taking into account the uniqueness and specificity of each AUPS project, the cost of installing a separate automatic fire alarm installation is determined individually. Factors that influence the price of fire alarm installation work include:

functional purpose and categories for fire and explosion hazard of premises;

features and reliability (“age”) building structure and communications;

facility finishing system (in particular, the presence of suspended ceilings and false floors);

presence of security guards and other engineering systems and the need for integration with them;

restrictions on installation work, determined both individually by the client and by the characteristics of the work premises;

individual wishes of the client;

• selection of a specific type of alarm.

There are many options on the market engineering developments AUPS. The optimal model is one that satisfies not only the specifics of the premises, but also the client’s needs, i.e. allows you to save company resources.

The cost is affected by the type of signaling: analog or addressable. When determining the location of a fire, the analogue system relies on the loop number, so it is not as accurate as the address system, but it will suit the owners of a small room quite well. Equipment for an addressable analogue fire alarm system is more expensive, but it is fully justified at large facilities. The fact is that high accuracy allows you to use a smaller number of sensors, which means significant savings on detectors, cables, and the installation of a fire alarm itself will cost less. An analogue addressable system is one way to obtain a relatively inexpensive fire alarm option for large areas.

The Integrated Security Alliance makes a detailed estimate in each case and indicates all cost items.

If you send by e-mail architectural drawing and explication of the premises, information on finishing and technical specifications, then we will make calculations much faster and send you a commercial offer. However, for greater accuracy, it is advisable to agree on the time when our specialist will come and inspect the premises in order to assess the amount of work, the number and location of detectors and other equipment. The final cost of the work will be determined after inspecting the protected object.

Installation of fire alarms (fire extinguishing) can be done at a discount if you are focused on long-term cooperation and plan to sign an agreement with us for further systems.

Ensuring fire safety of the facility

A fire can destroy important documentation in a matter of minutes, ruin a business owner and cause irreparable harm to human health. You can be insured against this emergency situation, but no financial compensation will not cover moral damage and will not restore health. Installing fire extinguishing systems minimizes the risk of an accident and allows you to quickly deal with a fire if it does occur due to human factor or technical failure.

Our country has developed a number of fire safety standards and regulations that oblige enterprises to ensure the safety of their personnel. Installing fire alarm systems is the primary means of protecting your employees and property. Professional installation of fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems is carried out in a short time and does not cause downtime of the enterprise. A properly installed system is simple and reliable, and your safety engineer will be able to independently monitor its operation, subject to regular maintenance.

Advantages of installing fire alarm systems by our company

The Integrated Safety Alliance has a license to carry out installation, maintenance and repair of safety equipment for buildings and structures, and our engineers, installers and equipment adjusters have SRO approvals for types of work that affect the safety of capital construction projects. The qualifications of the company's specialists performing installation are confirmed by certificates and extensive experience in working on complex and large facilities. The Integrated Security Alliance guarantees:

the ability to change the configuration (the initial layout of devices and components) and scale the AUPS;

accessibility of system components (elements) in case of maintenance or repair;

protection of the AUPS from adverse factors (mechanical or chemical influence).

The Integrated Security Alliance uses exclusively certified equipment from proven, reliable suppliers. The successful experience of installing AUPS is confirmed by positive reviews from regular customers. Completed projects can be found on our website.

Our objects

Licenses, approvals, certificates

PS is a complex complex various equipment, technical devices, control panels and interface lines, the task of which is to ensure the safety of property and life. The functioning of this complex directly depends on how professionally and competently the fire alarm was installed at the functioning facility. Gefest-Alarm LLC offers high-quality service by highly qualified specialists with extensive experience and experience. The work performed by our company’s employees will allow you to obtain a reliable and effective fire alarm system, which will ensure the safety of property, material assets, and save people’s lives.

Features of fire alarm installation

Installing a fire alarm requires careful and professional approach, compliance with requirements, standards and GOST. Activities are divided into the following stages:

• Design;
• Selection and configuration of equipment;
• The actual laying of cables and installation of equipment (detectors, arrangement of a switchboard with a remote control);
• Commissioning and commissioning.

The design of the future fire alarm system is being created by the experienced engineers of our company. They have developed software for dozens of objects. Every project in mandatory agreed with customers. Great importance has a selection of necessary equipment.

The stage of direct installation of a fire alarm. This is the work of master installers. Each site where work is carried out is unique in its own way; the true professionalism of an installer lies in flexibility and spatial thinking. A good installer of a fire alarm and, in general, of any low-current system, is a person who knows how to choose the right and most optimal solutions, think not only about his own convenience, but also about saving materials and elements. The Gefest-Alarm company employs only good, experienced installers. Our employees have at least 10 years of experience, all have the necessary permits and regularly undergo advanced training.

If necessary, pairing with burglar alarm, if provided for by the project, as well as with alarm systems, smoke removal and fire extinguishing systems. The final stage of work, configuration and commissioning of the installed equipment. It is necessary to understand that the installation of fire alarm systems in offices and administrative buildings, commercial and public spaces, in production workshops and enterprises, shops, warehouses and other facilities - is expressly stated in the legislation. After completion of the work, certification and state acceptance are carried out by the executive bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Moscow and other constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The question of choosing an APS

The question of choice is a complex one, which should be entrusted only to professionals. Modern threshold, addressable and analogue systems often include various innovative technologies. The data taken from the detectors is sent to the computer, and the decision to trigger an alarm is made by the program. In addition, substations are interfaced with other low-current systems and means of ensuring the life and safety of the building:

• SOUE (notification and evacuation management);
• Security system;
• Firefighting;
• ACS (access control);
• Equipment for smoke removal and ventilation.

Installation of automatic fire alarms is allowed in all premises, with the exception of landings and places with high humidity and the possibility of condensation formation (bathrooms, toilets, steam rooms, etc.). Specialists of GEFEST-ALARM LLC operate under a license in both public and private buildings, dachas, and residential buildings.

Please note that the activity falls under the category of licensed activities. An enterprise offering such services must have permission from the Ministry of Emergency Situations in order to conduct such activities. Our company has all the necessary approvals and licenses and guarantees the implementation of services in the most high level Full construction. We have extensive experience in the installation of automatic fire alarms, we can offer a wide range of various security and fire systems to protect your property from the consequences of fire. All work is completed on time and in accordance with established standards.

Over the years we have gained extensive experience and have worked with components from numerous manufacturers. Therefore, we know which brands are relevant today, reliable and inexpensive. Our company pays attention to the last factor Special attention. We put the client's interests first. We strive to provide him with solutions that will not only be of high quality, but also fit his budget.

General Director Gafurova R.A.

Cost calculation based on the number of premises and area of ​​the facility

The cost of installing a fire alarm depends on the type of system being installed and the installation location. After all, the choice of PS type is determined by the characteristics of the object. For example, fire alarms are installed in offices or shops at a lower cost. An automatic fire alarm system is installed at important and critical facilities; its cost can be several times higher, but the operating efficiency of such installations is much higher.

Below you can see examples of some calculations for objects different types and purpose, depending on the area. Our prices are among the most affordable in the capital among similar companies. We are focused on cooperation with small and medium-sized businesses.

It has always been difficult to honestly ensure your well-being, but losing what you have justly acquired in a fire or theft is a shame, and you need to earn money again... A fire and security alarm (FS) allows you to reduce the risk of property loss due to misfortune to a minimum, and the insurance premium rates for housing equipped with it are significantly below. Nowadays, another favorable circumstance has appeared - the installation of a fire alarm can be done by a person familiar with the basics of electrical engineering and household work, and the legalization of a correctly assembled system most often does not require compliance with complex formalities.

Really? OPS is a serious matter; the Ministry of Emergency Situations must respond to an alarm. And by law, the installation of a fire alarm must be carried out by a licensed organization, everyone knows this. Yes, but modern electronics have so simplified the construction of automatic security systems (AOS), while at the same time increasing their functionality and reliability, that, figuratively speaking, well-fed wolves vigilantly guard the grazing herd: professionals have a stable income, focusing exclusively on security functions, and citizens, without straining the budget, ensure their safety.

To figure out why security and fire alarm with your own hands has become quite real, and how to do it correctly, let’s take a brief look at the evolution of AOS, their structure in general and components, and the principles of organizing security services for residential premises.

How AOS developed

Before chips and reed switches

Initially, AOCs were built in the form of a chain of opening temperature sensors: spring contacts were soldered with Wood or Rose alloys with a melting point of 70-86 degrees. The chain was forcibly closed by a manual call point with normally closed contacts. All this together formed a loop Ш. When heated, the solder melted, the contacts diverged, the circuit broke, the relay included in it, also with normally closed contacts, was released, its contacts closed and turned on an alarm. By pressing the detector button, it was possible to give an alarm manually.

Such systems at the very least worked as local ones, but for communication with the central control panel they required a long line (LAN), prone to faults and having its own leakage resistance, wire resistance, capacitance and inductance, which could cause both false operation and non-operation due to real danger .

Therefore, on the consoles they began to include rays - loops from the LS - into the diagonal of the electric bridge, and into its opposite diagonal - the balanced circuit of the BC (see figure). The beam was no longer characterized by the resistance of the loop R Ш, but by the total resistance (impedance) of the subscriber Z A. By adjusting the BC, we achieved equality of its impedance Z to the impedance of the subscriber Z A. Under this condition, the potentials in the diagonal of bridge 1-2 turned out to be equal, and the voltage U 1 -2 =0. When the sensor was triggered, U 1-2 >0 occurred, which triggered the alarm.

The AOC bridge circuit made it possible to make an important improvement: They began to turn on a resistor of a strictly defined value R Ш in parallel to the detector. This made it possible to judge the nature of the operation by the value of U 1-2: if R Ш remained in the circuit, then someone pressed the detector button, then U 1-2 will be approximately half the maximum ; This is an "Attention" signal. If the sensor opens, we will see a clear open circuit and a maximum of U 1-2; this is “Anxiety”.

Such a system was not very reliable: the slightest malfunction would give a false alarm, a team would come out, and then the fitter, expressing his thoughts on this matter in any form, would go to find and fix it. False alarms reduced the degree of trust in the AOS and from the order to the installer the facility remained open. Moreover, splashes of solder sometimes got between the open contacts, and the sensor, “squeaking,” calmed down again. There were cases when criminals shot at the sensors with an air gun through the window, and when they saw that the squad had left, they knew that they had at least an hour to “do the job.”

The BC also caused a lot of trouble: the drug parameters fluctuated greatly. A worker with an electrical engineering education working on a control panel was greeted by the police and firefighters with open arms, but often soon had to sign a statement “on his own”: the salary was small (it wouldn’t go under knife or bullets), and the hassle was no less than that of opera operators.

In large facilities consisting of many subscribers (department store, post office), the rays from the premises were combined into a local console - a control panel (PKP), which automatically gave an alarm over the telephone line when one of the rays was triggered. This made it possible to reduce the dependence of the BC on the state of the drugs, which were already under the control of the signalmen, but reduced reliability: having competently delved into the control panel, it was possible to disconnect the entire object from the remote control and operate there for your own pleasure.

At the same time, attempts were made to use the parallel connection of sensors with thermobimetallic normally open contacts, shunted R Ш. In theory, this would allow the value of U 1-2 to judge from a remote control the location of the trigger, which serial system doesn't allow it at all. However, the open bimetal turned out to be extremely unreliable: the sensor with oxidized contacts did not announce itself in any way in advance, and then remained silent, like a fish on ice, when the fire was already blazing with all its might.

Reed switches

Sealed magnetically controlled contacts - reed switches - made the first revolution in AOS and OPS. Reed switches can withstand billions of operations without oxidizing the contact surfaces, and the problem of temperature operation was easily solved by using holding magnets made of materials with a Curie point of 70 degrees: when heated, the magnet stopped magnetizing and the contacts opened.

The principle of the reed switch allows it to be switched, which gives a reliable sensor suitable for both serial and parallel fire alarm systems. True, the accuracy of determining the trigger location using analog methods remained low, so parallel analog alarm systems did not become widespread. Nevertheless, it was thanks to reed switches that a fire alarm in the apartment appeared: the reliability and low cost of the sensors ensured the cost of the system, affordable even for the average Soviet consumer.

The first smoke detectors also belong to the “reed switch era,” but they were by no means household ones: smoke detection was ensured by ionization of the gap between the fixed contacts, for which it was illuminated by an ampoule with a radioactive isotope. Alarm installers were afraid of such sensors, in a thick steel case and marked with a radiation hazard sign, as if they were fire, and they were rarely used at particularly important facilities.

At the same time, PKPs also began to transform: the use of microcircuits with a medium degree of integration and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) made it possible to simplify the BC or completely abandon them and measure the beam parameters directly. The first wireless control panels with autonomous power supply also appeared, regardless of telephone lines giving an alarm to the remote control using the Altai system - the prototype of modern mobile communications, invented in the USSR back in the 50s.

Chips and lasers

A real revolution in OPS was made and made publicly available by large integrated circuits (LSIs, chips) and miniature semiconductor lasers. This affected all links of the OPS, and the best of previous achievements organically fit into the new system (see the picture earlier in the text below).

Sensors using laser detectors monitor temperature and smoke in several parameters at once, which eliminates false alarms (see figure on the left). Some sensors combine the functions of motion detectors; they will be discussed below. “Smart” sensors can also be autonomous, equipped with a built-in battery.

The control panel of our days is a computerized device that can work both with “smart” junior colleagues and with old, but absolutely fail-safe and very cheap reed switches. This made it possible to include SPU in the household fire alarm systems - a signal and triggering device, which, based on a signal from the control panel or directly from the sensor, includes signboards, flashing lights, sirens and opens the valves of the automatic fire extinguishing system.

Modern alarm systems are digital-analog parallel-addressed: each sensor has its electronic address stitched into it, and the control panel knows exactly where everything happened. Using advanced software, analog sensors are also quite accurately controlled by loop parameters. The alarm signal is sent via GSM to the owner’s mobile phone and to the security company’s computer. The alarm can be duplicated directly from the chip sensor, and the activation of the control system can also be triggered from the gearbox.

Motion sensors on the same chips and infrared lasers have made the alarm systems truly security: they control the entire volume of the room or the area of ​​the yard. The laser scanner signal is converted into a code, and the control panel processor continuously compares the codes one after another, filtering out interference from weather, precipitation, and small safe objects.

The capabilities of a modern fully functional security system are presented in the figure. This one is quite expensive, but the system is simpler, quite reliable for an apartment, and you can assemble it yourself. How will be described below, but for now let’s see what is needed and what can be achieved in general:

1. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is necessary for the alarm system to continue to operate in a de-energized apartment;
2. Universal sensor-announcers: on the left is a group of autonomous ones, for example. in the garage;
3. Motion sensors;
4. Electronic lock;
5. Reed anti-burglary contactor;
6. Sign board;
7. Local alarm;
8. Display with control panel;
9. Automatic OPS.

Let's give some explanations. Firstly, reed tamper sensors are still in their place, not competing with motion sensors, and the point is not only in cheapness and reliability. The small reed contactor is easy to hide; its operation is not detected by the anti-scanner. The search for such a “bug” (and it is unknown whether it exists at all) with skillful installation requires so much time that hacking loses its meaning.

Secondly, instead of any of the devices in pos. 7, 8 can be connected to SPU. Thirdly, according to item 10: the alarm system must be powered from a separate circuit breaker turned on BEFORE the apartment one, otherwise reliable operation of the system is not guaranteed. And finally, a remote control with an access code display allows you to independently reset, test and reconfigure the alarm system.

Organizational structure

A radical improvement in the technical base has also entailed an improvement in the organizational structure of the emergency response system: subscribers rarely connect to the EMERCOM console, it is expensive and overloads both equipment and personnel. The role of signal concentrator was taken over by private security firms. It does not light up or is stolen everywhere and not always, and with an acceptable load they can gain a lot of subscribers, which provides a decent income for a small monthly fee.

This system is also beneficial for the owners: a private licensed security guard will be happy to advise, help with advice, and he has no experience in interacting with the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the police. And since the owner still pays him with his hard-earned money, it is easier to demand it if something happens than from a government agency.

Let's take care of the alarm

Do you need a project?

A fire alarm project is needed, and not so much for formal reasons. Only a security guard with extensive experience will be able to accurately indicate the location of devices, their types and connection diagram. Otherwise, the flame can rage beyond repair, and the attacker, immediately spotting the “homemade” (they are well versed in alarms), will only grunt and, having “bombed the hut”, will sit at ease in the owner’s favorite chair, drinking the owner’s cognac, smoking the owner’s cigar, gently stroking the bag on her knees, tightly stuffed with the owner's goods and looking ironically at the sensors in full combat readiness.

However, security companies, generally rightly believing that the main thing is real security, not paperwork, often make concessions to potential subscribers: they agree to do a cheaper project, a sketch, or limit themselves to an even cheaper consultation: where to put what sensors, where to place the alarm control panel, what cable and how to connect everything.

Then, after checking the work, they put him under guard, and based on the documents, they pass him by retroactively. The owner is no worse off for this: once the contract is signed and the apartment is already under control, the security guards bear all the responsibility. The components of a modern security system are completely reliable, Maintenance fire alarm system comes down to periodic checking of its operability and readiness, which, together with the security company on duty, can be carried out by the owner himself, so, as a rule, problems with service do not arise.

How to do what?

The law does not prohibit you from making an OPS yourself, but they won’t take one on the remote control. We will have to limit ourselves to displaying an alarm on a mobile phone, but this is already a serious help in misfortune: the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the police are obliged to respond to any signals from citizens. Therefore, we will describe which equipment to choose for which case, and how to correctly assemble it into a workable whole.

PKP

The types of modern control panels are shown in the figure. The first one on the left is a professional multi-beam analog-to-digital one. These can work with any security system schemes, connect in cascade, ensuring the protection of objects of any degree of complexity and conduct a dialogue with the computer of the security organization, recording and transmitting a complete picture of the development of the situation. They are not used in everyday life.

The next one is semi-professional, digital for parallel addressable fire alarm systems. It is shown open because From the outside it is a blank box. At the bottom right there is an individual entrepreneur; Next to it is a battery, quite powerful, apparently, for several hours, up to a day, autonomous operation.

At the top left is an electronic unit, and in an empty space next to it in 24-hour guarded premises there is a control panel, but it is usually placed further away. The fact is that the heart of the security system, although equipped with a self-defense system, is still the most vulnerable point of the security system. The work of the processor can be detected by a special scanner, similar to what car thieves do, and interfered with in a manner undesirable for the owner.

Therefore, the control panel is strongly recommended to be placed in a hidden, hard-to-reach and fairly well electrically shielded place, say, in a reinforced concrete basement. As for the RS482 serial interface, which connects the control panel and the remote control, its signals are very well encoded, and it is impossible to get through it to the processor.

Semi-professional control panels are used in everyday life in elite estates individually or collectively in residential complexes: one such control panel allows you to connect up to 255 sensors to it.

The next one is a multi-beam household control panel. This is a device that is already affordable for the average citizen. This device is intended for private households with outbuildings: in addition to servicing reed switches and chip wire beams, it can process signals from 2-8, depending on the model, wireless sensors.

The one on the far right is the simplest apartment control panel. The cheapest models serve only one beam (you don’t need more in an apartment), but, like all of the above, they can transmit a signal to a mobile number. The number in inexpensive household control panels without access using a code from your own remote control is updated upon purchase or from a security company, so you need to keep the phone with it charged and with a valid account: mobile operators They charge a fee for receiving messages via GSM.

Household alarm control panels are necessarily equipped with detailed instructions with typical fire alarm circuit diagrams, a list of types and models of sensors compatible with the device, and recommendations for installing the system. Often the kit includes a flashing beacon for the front door and a “Protected object” sticker. These are very useful additions: their presence most often forces villains and vandals to go away.

The control panel must comply with the European standard EN54, which is ensured by SSPB, LPCB or VdS certificates.

Sensors

Sensors and their connecting wires are the key component of the alarm system, which determines its reliability as a whole. First of all, about the wires. Sensors are no longer connected using telephone “noodles”, fragile and unreliable: on sale there are many types of signal two- and multi-core cables in a round outer sheath, which can be laid along the walls so as not to be conspicuous, and hidden under decorative sheathing. But we should talk in more detail about the sensors themselves.

Choice

For an apartment, the best option is the good old reed caps, see fig. For the kitchen, it is desirable to have a chip one that reacts, in addition to heat, to smoke. If significant valuables are stored in the apartment, then it is better to install fully functional ones with motion detectors near their locations.

In a private house, a motion sensor in the yard with a built-in control system loaded onto a lighting lantern would be useful. AND uninvited guests will scare you away, and you won’t have to stumble in the dark: the SPU will illuminate you.

Multifunctional sensors are necessarily equipped with an indicator LED, while the simplest ones can be with or without it. The first is preferable: the glow or, conversely, the extinguishing of the indicator indicates a malfunction of the sensor. If there is a false alarm, there is no need to climb the ceiling with the tester - the bad sensor is immediately visible.

Accommodation

At first glance, the standards for placing OPS sensors are very liberal, see Fig.: no further than 4.5 m from a wall or corner and no more than 9 m between sensors. But this was done only for the convenience of configuring a specific OPS, but in fact the placement of sensors is a delicate matter.

Firstly, when placing them on walls, there must be at least 0.2 m to the ceiling, otherwise the sensor may end up in a smoke pocket and give a false alarm. Have you seen smoky rooms? The upper corners are the most smoky there. Secondly, with beams on the ceiling, the sensors need to be placed on their lower surfaces, and not on the sides or in the space between the beams, for the same reason.

And finally, the sensor does not survey the entire hemisphere, and its sensitivity depends on the distance to the source of danger. The controlled area in the form of a circle in an empty room depends on the ceiling height as follows:

• Up to 3.5 m – up to 85 sq. m.
• 3.5-6 m – up to 70 sq. m.
• 6-10 m – up to 65 sq. m.
• From 10 m – up to 55 sq. m.

By flame:

• Up to 3.5 m – up to 25 sq. m.
• 3.5-6 m – up to 20 sq. m.
• 6-9 m – up to 15 sq. m.
• Over 9 m – not controlled; the fire will become a fire before the detector is triggered.

“Before” in front of the area means that this is the maximum achievable value - in an empty room with proportions in a 3/4 plan. Accurate calculation of the location of sensors in habitable rooms requires computer modeling or the eye of an experienced specialist. If the alarm system is done independently without output to the security console, then we can assume that one sensor in the living room “sees” below a square with side L equal to the ceiling height of up to 4 m. The outermost sensors should be placed at half this distance from the nearest wall, and the intermediate ones – at a distance L from each other. In long and narrow rooms, the main consideration is the distance between the sensors.

Example: corridor in Khrushchev 1.75x4 m; ceiling height - 2.5 m. Two sensors are needed, located 1.75/2 = 0.875 from the end walls. In the bedroom of the same Khrushchev building 2.5x4.5 m, two sensors are also needed 1.25 m from the end walls.

Connection

Fire alarm sensors are connected strictly according to their instructions. The beam loop always ends with a termination resistor R. Its value is indicated in the instructions for the control panel. Default R=470 ohms, but ratings of 680 ohms or 910 ohms may be required. Let us explain in more detail only two frequently requested points.

First– inclusion of five-terminal IP-212 sensors, which have proven themselves, in a two-wire loop. How to do this is shown in the figure on the left.

Second– connection of conventional sensors with one terminal block. The cable wires must enter/exit the terminal block in a MIRROR way, as shown in Fig. on right.

Third– sensors with two terminal blocks. The left block is for the CABLE, which is connected according to the instructions or as described. But the right one should be dealt with before purchasing: it is intended for autonomous activation of the SPU; Some of the most common circuits of such sensors are shown in the last figure.

If the contacts of the loop (terminals 1-4) and the SPU (terminals 6-8) are electrically separated, as in the rightmost position, then you need to find out the permissible voltage and current or power of the SPU. If the contact is common, as in the other three positions, then the voltage is 12 V at a current of up to 200 mA, and it will go to the SPU from the loop, i.e. load the sensor with light bulbs, bells, etc. you can’t - the control panel will fail.