Summary: Generals of the Great Patriotic War. Warlords of the great patriotic war
In the process of confronting Germany and its allies (1941-1945), the Soviet leadership approved the deployment of more than a dozen fronts of the armed forces. Each of the operational-strategic formations was led by the highest military leaders of the Soviet Union. The commanders of the Great Patriotic War will be discussed in our article.
Ground Forces Commanders
Let's briefly talk about the most outstanding:
- Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny (1883-1973): Marshal, three times Hero. One of the organizers and commander of the First Cavalry Army (since 1918). On his initiative, new cavalry divisions were created in 1941. Commander-in-Chief in the southwest direction. Troops of the North Caucasian Front (1942) operated under his leadership. Commander of the cavalry (since 1943);
- Kliment Efremovich Voroshilov (1988-1969): marshal, statesman, twice Hero. Participated in the Civil War. Commander-in-chief in the northwest direction (1941). He commanded the Leningrad Front. Personally led the attacks of the Marines (1941). Commander-in-chief of the partisan movement (1942-1943). In 1943 he became chairman of the Armistice Commission. Participated in the Tehran Conference;
- Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (1896-1974): Marshal, four times Hero. Fought in the First World War. He commanded a special corps in Mongolia (1939), the Kiev special district (1940); Chief of the General Staff (1941); Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief (since 1942). In 1942 he led offensive operations: Moscow, Rzhev-Vyazemskaya, two Rzhev-Sychevs. Developed operations to break through the Leningrad blockade and liberate the region (1943). Regulated the actions of several fronts in the Battle of Kursk, at the first stage of the battles for the Dnieper. In 1944 he led the First Ukrainian Front, which conducted a successful operation to separate enemy forces in the Carpathian region. He led the First Belorussian Front (1944-1945), which took part in the liberation of Warsaw, the capture of Berlin.
Rice. 1. Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny.
The first to receive the special personal rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union even before the start of the Great Patriotic War were the military commanders Semyon Budyonny and Kliment Voroshilov (in 1935). During the war years, Georgy Zhukov was the first to be awarded the title for outstanding services.
- Pavel Artemievich Artemiev (1897-1979): Colonel-General, Head of the Operational Troops Directorate of the NKVD (since 1941), Commander of the Moscow Defense Zone. He gained military experience in the First World War as a demolition miner. As a detachment commander, he took part in the Soviet-Finnish war. It was he who organized the reliable defense of Moscow;
- Mikhail Grigorievich Efremov (1987-1942): Lieutenant General, posthumously Hero of the Russian Federation. Command experience gained during Civil War... He commanded 21 armies on the Western Front, which delayed the advance of enemy troops to the Dnieper (1941). Commander of the Central Front (August 1941), Deputy Commander of the Bryansk Front. The army under his leadership eliminated the enemy breakthrough in the area of the Nara River (Moscow Region). Killed during the Rzhev-Vyazemskaya operation.
Many Soviet officers and soldiers were different high durability without stopping to fight to the last. Instead of surrender, they preferred death. So Mikhail Efremov, when a plane was sent for him (he sent the wounded on it), found himself leaving the rest of his army. A little later, having received a serious wound, he shot himself.
Rice. 2. Mikhail Grigorievich Efremov.
Air Defense Commanders
By the fronts air defense, among others, commanded by the generals:
- Mikhail Stepanovich Gromadin (1899-1962): colonel general. He served in the Air Defense Forces since 1935. Participated in the development of the Air Defense of Moscow. Commander of the air defense fronts: Western (1943), Northern (1944), Central (1945);
- Gabriel Savelievich Zashikhin (1898-1950): Colonel General, Chief of Air Defense of the Baltic Fleet (since 1940). He commanded air defense fronts: Southern, Eastern.
"We served Russia with you,
Knowing how dear she is to us,
Guiding with your usual hand
A sword that hits any enemy. "
A. Roshchupkin
Our “illustrious military leaders come from the midst of the people. Zhukov is from the poorest peasant family. Konev - from peasants, worked at a sawmill. Rokossovsky, the son of a machinist, began to work at a hosiery factory. Eremenko - from the poor peasants, was a shepherd. Baghramyan is the son of a railway worker. Vatutin is one of the peasants. Chernyakhovsky is the son of a worker. This can take a long time to list. In the early 1930s, these people commanded regiments, later studied at military academies, sat, as they say, "at the same desk", knew each other well. These are people brought up by our party. Knowledgeable, loyal to the Motherland, brave and talented. Their coming to high command posts was natural. This steel was forged before the war. In the fire, she hardened and mercilessly smashed the enemy. The operations carried out in the last war by our military leaders are now being studied in all military academies in the world. And if we talk about the assessment of their courage and talent, then here is one of them, short but expressive. "As a soldier who watched the Red Army campaign, I was imbued with the deepest admiration for the skill of its leaders." This was said by Dwight Eisenhower, a man who understood a lot about the art of war, ”said Marshal AM Vasilevsky.
| COMMANDERS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR | Warlord's name | Front | Combat operations | Awards |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich (1896-1974) | In 1940 he was appointed commander of the Kiev military district. From July 1941 - Chief of the General Staff. In 1941, gen. army, commander of the Western Front. In 1942 - the representative of the Supreme Command Headquarters on the Western and Kalinin Fronts. In January 1943 he was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. In October 1944 he was appointed commander of the 1st Belorussian Front. From June 1946 - commanded the Odessa military district, from 1948 - the Ural military district. | 1941-1942 - Leningrad and Moscow battles. 1942-1943 - Stalingrad and Kursk battles. 1944 - Belarusian operation. 1944-1945 - Vistula-Oder and Berlin operations. | Three times Hero of the Soviet Union, two Orders of Victory, Order of Suvorov, 1st degree. 1943 - awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. 1939, 1944, 1945, 1974 - awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. |
 Timoshenko Semyon Konstantinovich (1895-1970) |
In 1940-1941. People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. 1941-1942 - Commander of the Western and South-Western military fronts. 1942-1943 - Commander of the Stalingrad and North-Western Fronts. October 1942 - March 1943, then until July 1945 he was a representative of the Supreme Command Headquarters on a number of fronts. | In 1941-1942. - participated in the Leningrad and Moscow battles. In 1943 - in the Ostrogozh-Rossosh offensive operation. In 1943 - the Smolensk operation, the Novorossiysk-Taman operation. 1944 - in Yassko-Chisinau, 1945 - in Budapest, in the liberation of Vienna. | Chevalier of the Order of Victory, 5 Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, 5 Orders of the Red Banner, 3 Orders of Suvorov 1 degree, medals, a personal checker with the Order of the Red Banner, an honorary checker with the Golden Emblem of the USSR, foreign orders and medals |
 Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich (1881-1969) |
In 1934-1940. - People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. In 1941-1944. - Member of the State Defense Committee. Until September 1941 - Commander-in-Chief of the North-West Direction. In September 1941 he commanded the troops of the Leningrad Front. September 1941 - February 1942 - representative of the Supreme Command Headquarters for the formation of military formations (reserves). February-September 1942 - representative of the Supreme Command Headquarters on the Volkhov Front. September 1942 - May 1943 - commander-in-chief of the partisan movement. May-September 1943 - Chairman of the Trophy Committee at the State Defense Committee. September 1943 - June 1944 - Chairman of the Armistice Commission. In 1943 he took part in the work of the Tehran Conference. | 1941 near Leningrad, as the front commander, he could not stop the German offensive. In January 1943, he coordinated the actions of the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts in breaking the blockade of Leningrad. | He was awarded 8 Orders of Lenin, 6 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov 1st degree, other Soviet and foreign orders and medals. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935). |
 Chuikov Vasily Ivanovich (1900-1982) |
During the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. commanded the 9th Army. 1940-1942 - military attaché in China. From September 1942 until the end of the war he commanded the 62nd (from April 1943, the 8th Guards) Army. From 1949 he commanded a group of Soviet troops in Germany, commander of the troops of the Kiev military front. | He commanded the 62nd Army in the Battle of Stalingrad. The army under the command of Chuikov participated in the Izyum-Barvenkovo and Donbass operations, in the battle for the Dnieper, Nikopol-Kryvyi Rih, Bereznegovato-Snegirevskaya, Odessa, Belorussian, Warsaw-Poznan and Berlin operations. | He was awarded 9 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, 4 Orders of the Red Banner (2 of them for the Civil War), 3 Orders of Suvorov 1st degree, the Order of the Red Star, Honorary weapons, foreign orders. In 1955 he was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. In 1944, 1945. - awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. |
 Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich (1985-1977) |
From May 1940, deputy chief, from August 1941, chief of the Operations Directorate, deputy and first deputy chief of the General Staff. From June 1942 - Chief of the General Staff and Deputy People's Commissar of Defense. In February 1945, he was introduced to the General Headquarters and appointed commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front and the 1st Baltic Front. In June 1945 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Soviet troops for Far East and led them in the Soviet-Japanese war of 1945. | In 1942-1944. coordinated the actions of the fronts: Southwestern, Donskoy and Stalingrad, Voronezh and Stepnoy - in the Battle of Kursk in 1943; Southwest and South - during the liberation of Donbass in the summer of 1943; 1943 - Ostrogozhsko-Rossoshansk offensive operation. The 4th Ukrainian Front and the Black Sea Fleet during the liberation of the Crimea in the spring of 1944; 3rd and 4th Ukrainian fronts in operations in the Right-Bank Ukraine; 3rd Belorussian, 1st and 2nd Baltic fronts in the operations to liberate Belarus, Latvia and Lithuania in the summer of 1944 | On February 16, 1943, he was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. In 1944 g. awarded the order"Victory". On July 29, 1944, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. On September 8, 1945 he received the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. He was also awarded 8 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution. He was also awarded 2 Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Suvorov 1st degree, the Order of the Red Star, 28 foreign awards (including 18 foreign orders). |
 Konev Ivan Stepanovich (1897-1973) |
In 1940-1941. commanded the troops of the Trans-Baikal and North Caucasian military districts. He commanded the 19th Army, was the commander of many fronts: Western (from September to October 10, 1941, from August 1942 to February 1943), Kalininsky (from October 17, 1941), North-Western (from March 1943), Steppe (from July 1943), 2nd Ukrainian (from October 1943) and 1st Ukrainian (from May 1944 to May 1945). In 1946-1948. commander-in-chief Ground Forces- 1st deputy. Minister of Defense, since 1950 Chief Inspector Soviet army- deputy. Minister of Defense. | Troops under the command of I.S. Konev took part in the Battle of Moscow, the Battle of Kursk, in the liberation of the Right-Bank Ukraine, in the East Carpathian, Vistula-Oder, Berlin and Prague operations | For exemplary leadership of the troops, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (July 29, 1944 and June 1, 1945) Marshal of the Soviet Union (February 20, 1944). I.S. Konev was awarded the highest military order of the USSR "Victory", awarded 6 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, 2 Orders of Suvorov 1st degree, 2 Orders of Kutuzov 1st degree, the Order of the Red Star, 13 foreign orders, medals , the title of Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic (1971) |
 Eremenko Andrey Ivanovich (1892-1970) |
On June 22, 1941, Eremenko was appointed commander of the Western Front. In early August 1941, he was appointed commander of the newly created Bryansk Front. At the end of December 1941, he was appointed commander of the 4th Shock Army. In February 1943 he was appointed commander of the South-Eastern Front, later renamed the Stalingrad Front. In 1943 he was appointed commander of the Primorsky Army in the Crimea. On April 18, 1944, he was appointed commander of the 2nd Baltic Front. In March 1945 he was appointed commander of the 4th Ukrainian Front. | In October 1941, the troops of the Bryansk Front under the command of Eremenko were encircled east of Bryansk. In 1942, he carried out the Toropetskaya and Velezhskaya army operations. November 1942 Operation Uranus - encirclement of Paulus's group. 1943 successful offensive in the Nevel area. 1943 Smolensk operation. February 1944 - Crimean operation. He took part in blocking the enemy's Kurland grouping. Operations of the 2nd Baltic Front in 1944. Autumn 1944 - liberation of Riga. In 1945 he took part in the liberation of Czechoslovakia. | In 1955 he was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. He was awarded five Orders of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, three Orders of Suvorov, 1st degree, and the Order of Kutuzov, 1st degree. For successes in the operations of the 2nd Baltic Front during the liberation of the Baltic States, Eremenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the military rank of General of the Army. In 1945 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic for participation in the liberation of Czechoslovakia. |
 Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich (1896-1968) |
In 1940 he was appointed commander of the 5th cavalry corps in Pskov, then commander of the 9th mechanized corps. In July 1941 he was sent to the Western Front. From August 1941 he commanded the 16th Army. In July 1942 he was appointed commander of the Bryansk Front, from September - the commander of the Don Front. From February 1943 - Central, from October - Belorussian, from February 1944 - 1st Belorussian, from November 1944 to June 1945 - 2nd Belorussian fronts. | In 1940 he took part in the leadership of the troops during the campaign and the liberation of Bessarabia. He successfully operated in the area of Lutsk and Novgorod-Volynsk. In 1943 he took part in the defeat of the German Army Group "Center" in the Oryol direction during the Battle of Kursk. In the fall of 1943, he carried out the Chernigov-Pripyat front-line operation. In 1944, Rokossovsky, together with other fronts, conducted the strategic operation Bagration to liberate Belarus. Develops and conducts the Lublin-Brest operation. | In 1940 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Marshal of Poland twice Hero of the Soviet Union, 7 Orders of Lenin, Order of Victory, 6 Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov 1st degree, medals and foreign orders. He commanded the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945 in Moscow. |
 Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich (1898-1967) |
In March 1941, he was appointed commander of the 48th Rifle Corps - he met the war on the border along the Prut River. In August 1941 he became the commander of the 6th Army. In December 1941, he took over as commander of the Southern Front. From August to October 1942, Malinovsky commanded the 66th Army, which fought north of Stalingrad. In the same year, in October-November, he was deputy commander of the Voronezh Front. In February, Malinovsky was appointed commander of the Southern Front, and from March of the same year - the commander of the Southwestern Front (from October 20, 1943 - the 3rd Ukrainian Front). In May 1944, Malinovsky was appointed commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. Since July 1945 R. Ya. Malinovsky is the commander of the Trans-Baikal Front. | The troops under his command took part in the liberation of Rostov and Donbass (1943), the Left-Bank and Right-Bank Ukraine. One of the largest operations prepared and carried out by R. Ya. Malinovsky during the Great Patriotic War, became Zaporozhye. In the spring of 1944, the Malinovsky front successfully carried out an offensive in the Northern Black Sea region, the Bereznegovato-Snigirev and Odessa operations (on April 10, 1944, Odessa was liberated). In the same year, the Jassy-Kishinev operation. In October 1944 - February 1945 the Budapest operation. | For the Jassy-Kishinev operation, in 1944 he received the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. For the victory in the Soviet-Japanese war in 1945, Marshal Malinovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (September 8, 1945) and awarded the highest Soviet military order "Victory". Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. He has awards: 5 Orders of Lenin, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, 2 Orders of Suvorov 1st degree, Order of Kutuzov 1st degree, medals of the USSR, foreign awards. |
 Bagramyan Ivan Khristoforovich (1897-1982) |
June-December 1941 - Deputy Chief of Staff and Chief of the Operations Department of the Headquarters of the South-Western Front, Chief of the Operational Group of the South-Western Direction (until March 1942). Until June 1942 - Chief of Staff of the Southwestern Front. From June 1942 to November 1943 - Commander of the 16th Army (transformed into the 11th Guards) of the Western Front. From November 1943 he commanded the 1st Baltic Front, from February 1945 - the Zemland Group of Forces, from April 1945 - the 3rd Belorussian Front. | Participated in the organization of a tank battle in the area of Dubno, Rovno, Lutsk. In 1941, with the front headquarters, he left the encirclement. In 1941 he developed a plan for the liberation of Rostov-on-Don. In 1942 - an unsuccessful Kharkov operation. He commanded the 11th Army in the winter offensive of 1942-1943. in the West direction. In July 1943 he prepared and carried out an offensive operation with the troops of the Bryansk Front in the Oryol direction. The 1st Baltic Front under the command of Baghramyan held: in December 1943 - Gorodok; in the summer of 1944 - Vitebsk-Orsha, Polotsk and Siauliai; in September-October 1944 (together with the 2nd and 3rd Baltic fronts) - Riga and Memel; in 1945 (as part of the 3rd Belorussian Front) - operations to capture Konigsberg, the Zemland Peninsula. | Awarded: 2 Gold Stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union, 7 Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, 2 Orders of Suvorov 1st degree, Order of Kutuzov 1st degree, Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degrees, 16 medals; Honorary nominal checker with the gold Emblem of the USSR, 17 foreign awards (including 7 orders). |
 Govorov Leonid Alexandrovich (1897-1955) |
In July 1941 - chief of artillery of the Western direction, then the Reserve Front, deputy. Commander of the Mozhaisk Defense Line. In October 1941 - Chief of Artillery of the Western Front. He commanded the 5th Army near Moscow. In April 1942, commander of a group of forces of the Leningrad Front. Since July 1942 - Commander of the Leningrad Front. Since October 1944, he simultaneously coordinated the actions of the Leningrad, 2nd and 3rd Baltic fronts. Since February 1945 - Commander of the 2nd Baltic and Leningrad Fronts. After the abolition of the management of the 2nd Baltic Front, he commanded the general front - Leningrad. | In 1941, he successfully carried out the Mozhaisk, Zvenigorod defensive operations, operations to liberate Borodino. 670 out of 900 days of siege led the defense of Leningrad. In January 1943, he led the operations to break the blockade of Leningrad (together with the troops of the Volkhov Front), in 1944 to lift the blockade. In 1944 he conducted the Krasnoselsko-Ropsha, Mginsk, Novgorod-Luga, Vyborg, Tallinn, Moonsund offensive operations. He led the encirclement of the Kurland group of Germans and on May 8, 1945 accepted its surrender. | He was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, 2 Orders of Suvorov 1st Class, Orders of Kutuzov 1st Class, Red Star, medals and foreign orders. In 1945 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and awarded the Order of Victory. In 1944 he was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. |
 Meretskov Kirill Afanasevich (1897-1968) |
Since January 1941 - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. In August - September 1941 - a representative of the Headquarters of the North-Western and Karelian fronts. From September 1941 he commanded the 7th division. army, from November 1941 - the 4th army. In May - June 1942 he commanded the 33rd Army. From December 1941 to February 1944 he commanded the troops of the Volkhovsky, in February - November 1944 - the Karelian fronts, from April 1945 - the Primorsky group of forces. In August 1945, he was commander of the 1st Far Eastern Front, which took part in the defeat of Japanese troops in Manchuria and North Korea. | In 1941 - the defeat of the Germans at Tikhvin. In 1942, in cooperation with the Leningrad Front, they carried out the Lyuban and Sinyavin operations, in January 1943 - the breakthrough of the blockade of Leningrad, in 1944 - the Novgorod-Luga operation. In June - August 1944 he commanded the Svir-Petrozavodsk operation - the South was liberated. Karelia, in October 1944 - Petsamo-Kirkenesskaya - the Arctic and sowing were liberated. part of Norway. In August - September 1945 - an offensive operation in Vost. Manchuria and North. Korea. | Awards: 7 Orders of Lenin, 4 Orders of the Red Banner, 2 Orders of Suvorov, 1st Class, Order of Kutuzov, 1st Class, Order of the October Revolution, Order of Victory, foreign orders, medals, honorary weapons. Hero of the Soviet Union (March 21, 1940). In 1944 he was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. |
 Tolbukhin Fyodor Ivanovich (1894-1949) |
August - December 1941 - Chief of Staff of the Transcaucasian, December 1941 - January 1942 - Caucasian, January - March 1942 - Crimean fronts. May - July 1942 - Deputy Commander of the Stalingrad Military District. July 1942 - February 1943 - Commander of the 57th Army on the Stalingrad Front, February 1943 - March 1943 - Commander of the 68th Army on the North-Western Front. From March 1943 - the commander of the Southern (from October 1943 the 4th Ukrainian), from May 1944 to June 1945 - the 3rd Ukrainian fronts. | Prepared a plan for the Kerch-Feodosiya landing operation. Tolbukhin's troops took part: July - August in 1943 in the Miusskoy operation, August - September 1943 in and, September - November 1943 in the Melitopol operation, April - May 1944 in the Crimean operation, August 1944 in Yassko- Chisinau operation, September 1944 in the Romanian operation, October 1944 in the Belgrade operation, October 1944 - February 1945 in the Budapest operation, March 1945 in the Balaton operation, March - April 1945 in the Vienna operation. | He was awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, the Order of Victory, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, 2 Orders of Suvorov 1st Class, Order of Kutuzov 1st Class, Order of the Red Star and medals, as well as foreign orders and medals. From September 1944 - Marshal of the Soviet Union. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded in 1965, posthumously. |
 (1901-1944)
|
In 1940 - Deputy Chief of the General Staff. On June 30, 1941, he was appointed chief of staff of the North-Western Front. In May - July 1942 - Deputy. Chief of the General Staff, headquarters representative on the Bryansk front. Since July 1942 - Commander of the Voronezh Front. From October 1942 - Commander of the Southwestern Front. In March 1943 he was re-appointed commander of the Voronezh Front. In October 1943 he was appointed commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front (formerly Voronezh). | In June 1941, he prepared a counterattack near Soltsy in the Novgorod direction. In October 1941 - a counterattack in the area of Kalinin. In the summer of 1942, the troops of the Voronezh Front stopped the German offensive near Voronezh. In November 1942, the troops of the Southwestern Front, together with Stalingrad front surrounded the German divisions in the Kalach and Soviet area. In December 1942, in cooperation with the left wing of the Voronezh Front, the troops of the Southwestern Front carried out a successful Middle Don operation. In the summer of 1943 - defensive battles in the Battle of Kursk, big losses... In August 1943, during the Belgorod-Kharkov operation, a successful breakthrough of the deeply echeloned defense of the Germans. In the fall of 1943, the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front, under the command of Vatutin, took part in the battle for the Dnieper, the liberation of Kiev, Right-Bank Ukraine. In January - February 1944, together with the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, they surrounded and liquidated a large group of Germans in the Korsun-Shevchenkovsky area. | He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of Suvorov 1st degree, Kutuzov 1st degree, the Czechoslovak Order. May 6, 1965 awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). He died on April 15, 1944, after being seriously wounded. |
 Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich (1906-1945) |
Since March 1941, commander of the 28th Panzer Division (reorganized into the 241st Infantry Division in December 1941) of the Baltic Special Military District. June - July 1942 - Commander of the 18th Panzer Corps on the Voronezh Front. July 1942 - April 1944 - Commander of the 60th Army on the Voronezh, Central and 1st Ukrainian Fronts. From April 15, 1944 - Commander of the Western Front, and from April 24, 1944 - of the 3rd Belorussian Front. | In 1941, defensive battles southwest of Siauliai, on the Western Dvina, near Soltsy and Novgorod. The beginning of 1942 - successful battles on the outskirts of Voronezh. In 1943 - participation in the Voronezh-Kharkov operation, the Battle of Kursk, the forcing of the Desna and Dnieper rivers, in the Kiev, Zhitomir-Berdichev operations. In 1944 - participation in Rivne-Lutsk, Chernigov-Pripyat, Belorussian, Vilnius, Kaunas, Baltic, Memel, Gumbinnenskaya operations. 1945 - East Prussian operation. | He was awarded the Order of Lenin, 4 Orders of the Red Banner, 2 Orders of Suvorov 1st Class, Orders of Kutuzov 1st Class, Bohdan Khmelnitsky 1st Class and medals. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. He died on February 18, 1945, after a fatal wound. |
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin - Chairman State Committee Defense, People's Commissar of Defense and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR. In the spring of 1942, on the initiative of Stalin, the Red Army launched a series of offensives on several fronts, after which the initiative passed to the Red Army until the end of the war. With the beginning of the war, Stalin became Chairman of the State Defense Committee, People's Commissar of Defense and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR. In the order of the Headquarters of the Supreme Command No. 270 of August 16, 1941, it was said: “Commanders and political workers who, during the battle, tear off their insignia and defect to the rear or surrender to the enemy, are considered malicious deserters, whose families are subject to arrest as families of those who violated the oath and deserters who betrayed their homeland. " Soviet soldiers who escaped the encirclement or returned from captivity ended up in filtration camps, after which the overwhelming majority returned to the front (up to 95% among soldiers, less among officers). However, after the war, many former prisoners were arrested and convicted. In total, up to 80% of former prisoners passed through the GULAG. During the war, the USSR, unlike other countries, did not provide assistance to its prisoners of war through the Red Cross; Stalin's phrase was widely known: "We have no prisoners, there are traitors." At the beginning of the war, the Volga Germans were deported to Siberia and Central Asia; in 1944, Crimean Tatars, Chechens and some other peoples of the Caucasus were deported on charges of aiding the enemy. During the war, Stalin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded two Orders of Victory and the Order of Suvorov, 1st degree. On March 6, 1943, Stalin was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union, and on June 27, 1945, a specially introduced higher military rank Generalissimo of the Soviet Union. After the end of the war, Stalin continued to head the military department for some time (until February 1946 - the people's commissar of defense, and until March 1947 - the minister of the armed forces of the USSR).
Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich (1896 - 1974) In June 1939 he was sent to the area of the Soviet-Japanese conflict. On August 31, 1939, he conducted a successful encirclement operation and defeated General Komatsubara's Japanese forces on the Khalkhin Gol River. Widely used tank units to solve the problem. For this operation, corps commander Zhukov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. GK Zhukov, one of the organizers of the victory at Stalingrad in January 1943, successfully carried out Operation Iskra, during which a breach was finally made in the blockade of Leningrad. In January 1943 Zhukov was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. Zhukov directed the largest offensive operation of the Red Army in 1944 "Bagration", which resulted in the liberation of Belarus. In the Battle of Kursk in July 1943, Zhukov coordinated the actions of Soviet troops on the southern flank and achieved a decisive victory. Soviet successes in the summer of autumn 1943 completed a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War.
Rokossovsky Konstantinovich - (1896 - 1968) K. K. Rokossovsky - Marshal of the Soviet Union. During the battle for Moscow, Rokossovsky commanded the 16th Army and directed the defense of the cities near Moscow: Volokolamsk, Solnechnogorsk, Yakhroma. At the most crucial moment of the battles for Moscow, the army launches a counteroffensive, which turns out to be very successful. During the operation, German troops were defeated, trying to bypass Moscow from the south and north. In the summer of 1942 he became the commander of the Bryansk front. The Germans managed to approach the Don and from favorable positions create threats for the capture of Stalingrad and a breakthrough into the North Caucasus. With a blow with his army, he prevented the Germans from trying to break through to the north, towards the city of Yelets. Rokossovsky took part in the Soviet counteroffensive at Stalingrad. His ability to lead fighting played a large role in the success of the operation. In 1943, he led the central front, which, under his command, began defensive battles on Kursk Bulge... A little later, he organized an offensive, and liberated significant territories from the Germans. He also led the liberation of Belarus, implementing the plan of the Headquarters - "Bagration", it was one of the largest operations of the Second World War.
Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich (1881 - 1969) Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Marshal of the Soviet Union. Voroshilov organized the First Socialist Detachment in Lugansk, with which he defended Kharkov from German troops. Kharkov was surrendered, and in April Voroshilov's troops, transformed into the 5th Army under his command, began the defense of Lugansk, defeating two German infantry divisions, capturing 2 batteries, 20 machine guns, 2 aircraft and a baggage train.
Konev Iva n Stepa novich (1897 - 1973) Iva n Stepa novich Konev - Soviet commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. In the spring of 1943 I.S.Konev was appointed commander of the Steppe Front. Already at the first stage of the battle on the Kursk Bulge, Konev had to enter the 5th Guards Tank and 5th Guards Armies into the zone of the Voronezh Front, which played a decisive role in the battle at Prokhorovka. At dawn on August 5, 1943, the troops of the Steppe Front went to storm Belgorod and by the evening of the same day the city was completely cleared of the Germans. To commemorate this victory, as well as the liberation of Orel, on August 5, the first salute of the war was fired in Moscow. On July 13, 1944, the Lvov Sandomierz operation began. During the Lvov Sandomierz operation, eight enemy divisions were surrounded and defeated in the area of the city of Brody, the western regions of the USSR, the southeastern regions of Poland were liberated, the vast Sandomierz bridgehead on the western bank of the Vistula was occupied. This operation was included in the textbooks of the history of military art.
Timoshenko Semyon Konstantinovich (1895 - 1970) Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko Marshal of the Soviet Union (1940), twice Hero of the Soviet Union. On July 2, 1941, Tymoshenko was appointed commander of the Western Front, and on July 10, Commander-in-Chief of the Western Direction. In July-September 1941, troops under the command of Tymoshenko were able to delay the advancing German units in the battle of Smolensk for more than a month (a task that no one would have done better, which even Zhukov reluctantly admitted). At the end of November 1941, Timoshenko commanded the Soviet counteroffensive near Rostov-on-Don. On November 28, the city was taken, which was one of the first victories of the Red Army in 1941.
Tolbu khin Fedor Iva novich (1894 - 1949) Tolbu khin Fedor Iva novich - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously), People's Hero of Yugoslavia, Hero People's Republic Bulgaria (posthumously), Commander of the Order of Victory. Tolbukhin's troops liberated Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary and Austria. During the operation to liberate Romania, Tolbukhin showed himself not only as a strategist, but also as an outstanding diplomat, gaining confidence in King Mihai. He, in turn, did everything to get the Romanian army out of the war with the Soviet Union and turn its weapons against the German Reich. Tolbukhin liberated Bucharest, Sofia, Belgrade, Budapest, and his soldiers fought so that these cities would not suffer in the terrible war unleashed by fascism.
Bagramya n Iva n Khristoforovich (1897 - 1982) Iva n Khristoforovich Bagramya n - Soviet military leader, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, holder of seven Orders of Lenin, Marshal of the Soviet Union. In 1941 he took part in the Kiev defensive operation, Yelets and Rostov offensive operations. Baghramyan's decision in the Oryol operation was original and courageous, where the 11th Guards Army dealt a crushing blow to the enemy's flank. I command the 1st Baltic Front, took an active part in the liberation of Belarus, in particular in the Vitebsk Orsha operation in 1944. I take part in the East Prussian operation and defeated the Tilsit and Zemland groups of the enemy.
Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich (1895 -1977) Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich Marshal of the Soviet Union. Under his leadership, the largest operations of the Soviet Armed Forces were developed A.M. Vasilevsky coordinated the actions of the fronts: in the Battle of Stalingrad (Operation Uranus, Small Saturn), near Kursk (Operation Commander Rumyantsev), during the liberation of Donbass (Operation Don »), In the Crimea and during the capture of Sevastopol, in the battles on the Right-Bank Ukraine; in the Belarusian operation "Bagration". In June 1945, the Marshal was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Forces in the Far East. For the quick defeat of the Kwantung Army of the Japanese of General O. Yamada in Manchuria, the commander received the second Gold Star. After the war, from 1946 - Chief of the General Staff; in 1949-1953 - Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR.
Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich (1897 - 1955) Leoni d Aleksa ndrovich Govorov - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union. A difficult mission fell to his lot: the preparation and implementation of artillery support for the breakthrough of the Mannerheim line. He copes with this task successfully and is awarded the Order of the Red Star. On December 1, the Nazis made another serious attempt to break through to Moscow. Govorov urgently left for the village of Akulovo, where units of V.I.Polosukhin's division and an anti-tank artillery reserve were transferred. Faced with strong resistance, the German tank units turned towards Golitsyno. In April 1942, Lieutenant General of Artillery L.A. Govorov was appointed commander of the Leningrad Group of Forces, and an enormous responsibility fell on the shoulders of L.A. Govorov. 670 out of 900 days of siege, he led the heroic defense of Leningrad, created an irresistible defense for the enemy. There were still many offensive operations ahead: Mginskaya and Krasnoselsko Ropshinskaya, Novgorodsko Luga and Vyborg, Tallinn and Moonsund landing. And in each of them he put his will, his knowledge, his heart.
Meretskov Kirill Afanasyevich (1897 - 1968) Kirill Afana Sevich Meretsko v - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union. The most vividly Meretskov's military leadership was revealed during the Great Patriotic War, when he commanded the troops of a number of armies, the Volkhov and Karelian fronts. As a result of Operation Iskra and his direct participation, it was possible to break the blockade of Leningrad. In August 1945, the troops of the 1st Far Eastern Front under the leadership of K.A.Meretskov successfully carried out an offensive operation in Eastern Manchuria and North Korea, defeating the elite formations of the Kwantung Army.
Shaposhnikov Boris Mikhailovich (1882 -1945) During the Great Patriotic War (1941 1945) Chief of Staff of the Western Direction, Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Chief of the Military Academy of the General Staff, Marshal of the Soviet Union. With his direct participation, proposals were developed for the preparation and conduct of the most important operations of the Soviet troops in 1941 1942. : Smolensk battle. The counteroffensive near Moscow and the general offensive of the Red Army in the winter of 1941 1942.
Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich (1898 - 1967) Rodion I Kovlevich Malino is a Soviet military leader and statesman. The commander of the Great Patriotic War, Marshal of the Soviet Union. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, People's Hero of Yugoslavia. Minister of Defense of the USSR In December 1941, Commander of the Southern Front. After being defeated during the Kharkov operation and losing his rank, he rehabilitated himself in the Kotelnikov operation at Stalingrad. Later he commanded the troops of the Southwestern Front, renamed the 3rd Ukrainian Front. Conducted Donbass, Nizhne Dneprovskaya, Zaporozhye, Nikopolsko Krivorozhskaya, Bereznegovato, Snigirevskaya, Odessa offensive operations. In May 1944, Malinovsky was transferred as commander to the 2nd Ukrainian Front, which, together with the 3rd Ukrainian Front, continued the offensive in the southern direction, defeating the troops of the German Army Group "South Ukraine" during the Yassko Kishinev strategic operation. In October 1944, Malinowski inflicted a severe defeat on the enemy in eastern Hungary during the Debrecen operation and reached the near approaches to Budapest. In the spring of 1945, for the complete defeat of enemy troops in the Vienna operation, Malinovsky was awarded the highest Soviet commander's order "Victory".
Chuikov Vasily Ivanovich (1900 - 1982) Chuikov Vasily Ivanovich - Twice Hero of the Soviet Union Marshal of the Soviet Union. Commander of the 62nd Army (8th Guards), which distinguished itself in street battles for besieged Stalingrad. Commander Chuikov introduced new melee tactics into his troops. It was in the stubborn battles in Stalingrad that a new tactical unit was born - the assault group. Under his control, the 62nd Army successfully crossed the Dnieper, assaulted Zaporozhye, the Vistula, Oder and Berlin operations.
Vatutin Nikolai Fedorovich (1901 - 1944) In August 1940, Vatutin was appointed Chief of the Operations Directorate of the General Staff. From the very first days of the War, Lieutenant General Vatutin showed himself as a talented commander. In the most difficult period of the Battle of Stalingrad, Nikolai Fedorovich took command of the Southwestern Front. Subsequently, he took part in the development and implementation of Operation Little Saturn, during which the most powerful German grouping near Stalingrad was encircled and destroyed. Thus, Nikolai Fedorovich Vatutin made a significant contribution to two of the most successful encirclement operations carried out by Soviet troops. The successful completion of the Battle of Stalingrad was highly appreciated by the Headquarters: on January 28, 1943, Nikolai Fedorovich received the Order of Suvorov. The apogee of his military career can be considered the Kiev offensive operation. From the end of 1943 to January 1944, Vatutin's troops carried out the Zhitomir Berdichev operation.This encirclement became the second in scale after the Battle of Stalingrad.
Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich (1907 - 1945) Iva n Danilovich Chernyakhovsky outstanding Soviet military leader, army general, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. I. D Chernyakhovsky is the youngest commander of the front. Despite his 38 years of age, thanks to his innate military leadership talent, he was able to inflict crushing blows on the enemy - first, when he commanded a division, then a tank corps and a combined arms army, and from April 1944 - the 3rd Belorussian Front. During the Battle of Kursk, with the help of infantry and vehicles, he "bared" almost 90 km of the front. After such a stunning breakthrough in the camp of the Nazis, during which wide water barriers were overcome and conditions were provided for the exit of Soviet troops towards the capital of Ukraine - Kiev. A distinctive feature of the style of his command was that he forced the enemy to flee, sometimes without coming into contact with him and incurring minimal losses. When the troops of his front entered Lithuania and fought for the liberation of its capital - Vilnius, the commander, in order to save the ancient city from destruction, ordered not to bomb it, not to fire it from heavy guns. The city was taken as a result of a roundabout maneuver and escaped devastation. Also, troops under the command of I. D. Chernyakhovsky provided the defense of Leningrad, participated in the liberation of Belarus and East Prussia.
Dmitry Mikhailovich Karbyshev (1880 - 1945) Dmitry Mikhailovich Karbyshev Lieutenant General engineering troops, Professor of the Military Academy of the General Staff, Doctor of Military Sciences, Hero of the Soviet Union. He was surrounded, was wounded and taken prisoner in an unconscious state. The valuable prisoner was offered an apartment, admission to libraries, a staff of assistants in exchange for cooperation with the Wehrmacht. But he refused. For months he was tortured and not allowed to sleep. Whenever the fascists thought that the general was about to break down, they repeated the offer. Didn't wait. The officer finished his way at the Mauthausen camp. On February 18, after brutal torture, he was doused with water in the cold to death.
Panfilov Ivan Vasilyevich (1893 - 1941) Iva n Vasilyevich Panfilov - Soviet military leader, Major General, Hero of the Soviet Union. On November 16, 1941, a platoon of tank destroyers of the 316th division under the leadership of I.V.
Dovator Lev Mikhailovich (1903 - 1941) Lev Mikhailovich Dovator - Soviet military leader, major general. The hero of the USSR. A group under the command of Dovator carried out a raid on the enemy's rear on the territory of the Smolensk region. During this time, the Dovators destroyed over 2,500 enemy soldiers and officers, 9 tanks, more than 200 vehicles, and several military depots. The Hitlerite command appointed a large monetary award for the head of Dovator and created special squads to catch him.
Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich (1887 - 1967) Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich commander of the Putivl partisan detachment, member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Major General. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Commander of the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division. During the raid, the partisans fought about two thousand kilometers, killed and wounded more than 3,800 Nazis, blew up 19 military echelons, 52 bridges, 51 warehouses, knocked out power plants and oil fields near Bitkov and Yablonov.
Dmitry Grigorievich Pavlov (1897 - 1941) Dmitry Grigorievich Pavlov - Soviet military leader, general of the army. The hero of the USSR. Commanding the Western Front, he took upon himself the first and main blow of the German fascist troops. V short term the troops of the front in Western Belarus and Minsk were defeated. A few days later, he was accused of cowardice and inaction, stripped of the awarded awards and shot. In 1957 he was rehabilitated posthumously, in 1965 he was reinstated with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Shumilov Mikhail Stepanovich (1895 -1975) In August 1942, Major General Mikhail Stepanovich Shumilov was appointed commander of the 64th Army, which held back the 4th Panzer Army under the command of Herman Goth on the distant approaches to Stalingrad for about a month. industrial enterprises located in the south of the city continued to work.
Antonov Alexey Innokentievich (1896 - 1962) Alexey Innokentievich Antonov - Soviet military leader, general of the army, who worked at the headquarters of the Southern Front, took an active part in the development of all important campaigns and strategic operations Armed Forces, such as the liberation of Rostov-on-Don, "Citadel", "Bagration". AI took part in the preparation and holding of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences. The only general awarded the Order of Victory. The rest of the knights of this highest order were not lower in the rank of marshal.
Nikolai Kuznetsov (1909 - 1966) Nikolai Leontievich Kuznetsov - captain of the Soviet Army, participant of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union. During the fighting in Germany. April 14, 1945 in battle under settlement Goltsov Kuznetsov's battalion successfully broke through 5 lines of the German defense. On the night of April 16-17, during the battle for the city of Guzov, Kuznetsov's battalion burst into the castle and cleared it, after which it hoisted the Red Banner over it.
Kuznetsov Nikolai Gerasimovich (1904 - 1974) Nikolai Gera Simovich Kuznetsov - Soviet naval leader, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. During the war, Kuznetsov promptly and energetically led the fleet, coordinating its actions with the operations of other Armed Forces. He was a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, constantly went to ships and fronts. The fleet prevented an invasion of the Caucasus from the sea. Naval aviation and the submarine fleet played an important role in countering the enemy. The navy provided assistance to the allies, and in addition, escorted ships sailing along the Lend Lease. A significant role was given to naval education and the consideration of the experience of the war.
Klochkov Vasily Georgievich (1911 - 1941) Klochkov Vasily Georgievich - military commissar. On November 16, 1941, at the head of a group of tank destroyers, he participated in repelling numerous enemy attacks. 18 enemy tanks were destroyed. Words addressed to the soldiers: "Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!" - those attributed to him became known throughout the country. During the battle, Vasily Klochkov died, throwing himself under an enemy tank with a bunch of grenades.
Pechersky Alexander Aronovich (1909 - 1990) Aleksa ndr Aro novich Pechersky - an officer of the Red Army, the leader of the only successful uprising in the death camp during the Second World War. Once captured, Lieutenant Pechersky proposed to abandon the thought of single escapes and raise an uprising. Most of the prisoners supported the plan of Lieutenant Pechersky. His plan was as follows - the rebels must one by one kill the camp leadership and some of the guards, seize weapons and get out. On October 14, 1943, the Nazis began to be lured into the workshops one by one under plausible pretexts like trying on a uniform. Here they were strangled and killed with blows of an ax. On October 14, the rebels managed to deal with 11 SS men and a number of Ukrainian policemen practically without noise. However, then the surviving guards raised the alarm. After that, the prisoners of Sobibor went to break through. Having broken down the gate, they managed to break free.
Nuradilov Khanpasha Nuradilovich (1922 - 1942) Khanpasha Nuradilovich Nuradilov - machine gunner, commander of a machine gun platoon, Hero of the Soviet Union. The young machine gunner received his baptism of fire near the village of Zakharovka, in Ukraine in 1941. The soldier remained the only surviving person from his own crew and, being wounded, stopped the offensive of a whole unit of fascists (he destroyed 120 Nazis, and took 7 prisoners). In January 1942, he killed 50 Nazis with a machine gun on his own and suppressed 4 enemy machine-gun nests. Kh. N. died at Stalingrad, and his name is engraved on one of the slabs of the Mamayev Kurgan assembly monument. For his courage and heroism, the sergeant was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Alexey Fedorovich Fedorov (1901 - 1989) Alexey Fedorovich Fedorov - commander of the Chernigov Volyn partisan unit, 1st secretary of the Chernigov and Volyn underground regional party committees, major general. By March 1942, the Chernigov partisan detachment led by A.F. In addition, in order to intensify massive political work among the population of the occupied regions, A.F. Fedorov's partisan unit until November 1942 issued 33 leaflets with a total circulation of 500 thousand copies. An outstanding operation carried out by the Chernihiv-Volyn unit was the operation that went down in history as the "Kovelsky knot". From July 7, 1943 to March 14, 1944, partisans under the command of A.F. Fedorov destroyed 549 enemy trains with ammunition, fuel, military equipment and manpower on the lines of the Kovel railway junction.
His ditch Mikhail l Alekseevich (1923 - 1975) Mikhail l Alekseevich Egorov: hero of the Soviet Union, sergeant of the Red Army. Born into a peasant family in the village of Yermoshenki. Together with junior sergeant Meliton, Kantaria hoisted the Victory Banner on the roof of the Reichstag (according to the official Soviet version, the first) during the Battle of Berlin. For his accomplished feat, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 8, 1946, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
Kantaria Meliton Varlamovich (1920 - 1993) Kantaria Meliton Varlamovich was born in the Georgian village of Jvari into a peasant family. From 1940 to 1946 he served in the army and was a participant in the Great Patriotic War, from the beginning to its end. In 1941 he was seriously wounded, but after recovery he returned to duty. Also, together with Mikhail Egorov, they hoisted the Victory Banner over the Reichstag. The picture of the installation of the banner went around the world, becoming the official symbol of the victory of the Soviet troops and the end of the Great Patriotic War. For the accomplished feat, Meliton Kantaria was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
Richard Sorge (1895 - 1944) "An outstanding intelligence officer who acted in Japan and provided the Soviet leadership with information about the preparation of a German attack on the USSR." The pseudonym "Ramsay".
Sailors Alexander (1924 -1943) In October 1942 he was drafted into the army and sent as a cadet to an infantry school. In November 1942 he voluntarily went to the front and was enlisted as a private in the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 56th Guards Rifle Division (Kalinin Front). On February 23, 1943, in the battle for the village of Chernushki, he broke through to the enemy bunker and, covering the embrasure with his body, sacrificed himself to ensure the success of his unit. On September 8, 1943, the name of Matrosov was assigned to the 254th regiment, and the deceased hero was permanently included in the lists of the 1st company of the regiment. A monument to the hero was erected in Ufa.
Gromyko Andrei Andreevich (1909 - 1989) Andrei Gromyko (diplomat) was born on July 5, 1909 in the Gomel region, on the Belarusian lands in the village of Starye Gromyki. New employees were recruited to the staff of the People's Commissariat. Andrei Gromyko was perfect Division staff of the Foreign Affairs of the USSR. Andrei Gromyko also contributed to the negotiation process on the control of the arms race, both conventional and nuclear. In 1946, on behalf of the USSR, Gromyko put forward a proposal for a general reduction and regulation of armaments and a ban on the military use of atomic energy. For his uncompromising manner of conducting diplomatic negotiations, A. A. Gromyko received the nickname "Mr. No" from his Western colleagues. He enjoyed great prestige not only among the members of the Politburo, but throughout the country. ... ... Gromyko was, as it were, the generally recognized embodiment of the Soviet foreign policy- solid, solid, consistent. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 17, 1969, A.A. Gromyko was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for great services to the Communist Party and the Soviet state. He is the author of scientific papers on international relations... He was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, as well as orders and medals of foreign states.
Ponomare nko Pantele ymon Kondratyevich (1902 - 1984) Pantele ymon Kondratievich Ponomare nko (August 9, 1902, Belorechensky district Krasnodar Territory- January 18, 1984, Moscow) - a prominent Soviet party and statesman, one of the organizers of the anti-Semitic policy of the USSR in the pre-war, war and post-war period. In 1938-1947 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus, member of the Military Council of the Belarusian Military District, took part in the leadership of the troops that entered the territory of Western Belarus. During the Great Patriotic War he was a member of the military councils of the fronts and armies. Lieutenant General, as well as the head of the Central Staff of the partisan movement at the Headquarters of the Supreme Command, head of the Central Staff of the partisan movement, chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (since 1946, the Council of Ministers) of the Belarusian SSR, member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU (perhaps Stalin planned to leave him in his place), Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, Ambassador to Poland, India and Nepal, the Netherlands. In 1962, the Dutch government declared him persona non grata, because he personally took part in the kidnapping of a Soviet defector on the streets of Amsterdam and got into a fight with the police.
Maisky Iva n Mikhailovich (1884 - 1975) Iva n Mikhailovich Maisky (real name and surname - Yan Lyakhovetsky; 1884 - 1975) - Soviet diplomat, historian and publicist. He studied at the gymnasiums in Cherepovets and Omsk. Then he studied at the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University (excluded). In 1903 he joined the RSDLP, Menshevik. He worked as a member of the collegium of the Ministry of Labor of the Provisional Government. In the summer of 1918 he was the Minister of Labor in the Samara government of KOMUCH, for which he was removed from the Menshevik Central Committee and expelled from the RSDLP. Since 1922 - in diplomatic work. January 21, 1932 signed the Finnish Soviet non-aggression pact. In 1932-1943, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Great Britain. July 30, 1941 signed the Agreement on the restoration of diplomatic relations between the USSR and the government of the Polish Republic in exile (better known as the agreement (agreement) "Maisky Sikorsky" or "Sikorsky Maisky").
Zhdanov Andrei Alexandrovich (1896 - 1948) State and party leader of the USSR in the 1930s - 1940s. Colonel General. He was a member of the closest political circle of J.V. Stalin. One of the most active organizers of mass repressions in the 1930s and 40s. During the Patriotic War, Zhdanov was a member of the Military Council of the Leningrad Front. Since 1946, Zhdanov led a campaign to strengthen party control over the country's intellectual life, which went down in history as "Zhdanovism", although Stalin was its main inspirer.
Litvinov Maksimovich (1876 - 1951) Russian revolutionary, Soviet diplomat and statesman. During the revolution of 1905-1907, Litvinov was engaged in the purchase and delivery of weapons to Russia for revolutionary organizations. In 1939 he was removed from office. Returned to work with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. In 1941-1946, Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR.
Pervukhin Mikhail Georgievich (1904 - 1978) Mikhail Geo rgievich Pervu khin - Soviet statesman, political and military leader. MN Pervukhin had to lead the industry in the most difficult war conditions, continuously increasing the production of products necessary for the front. With his arrival, the work of the People's Commissariat has improved, and efficiency has increased. People's Commissar Pervukhin always independently dealt with the difficulties that arose in detail, personally visiting the enterprises. In 1942 he was involved in the creation of the Soviet atomic bomb.
Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich (1890 - 1986) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov - Soviet politician and statesman. As People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, in 1939 he signed a Non-Aggression Pact with Germany, called the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, in the summer of 1939 he actively participated in the Anglo-Franco Soviet negotiations in Moscow. It was his voice on the radio that became one of the symbols of the Second World War, and the words he said on June 22, ending the message about the beginning of the war, “Our cause is just. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours ”remain famous to this day.
The fate of millions of people depended on their decisions!
This is not the whole list of our great commanders of the Second World War!
Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich (1896-1974)
Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov was born on November 1, 1896 in the Kaluga Region, into a peasant family. During the First World War, he was drafted into the army and enlisted in a regiment stationed in the Kharkov province. In the spring of 1916 he was enrolled in a group directed to officer courses. After studying Zhukov became a non-commissioned officer, and went to the dragoon regiment, in which he participated in the battles The great war... Soon he received a shell shock from a mine explosion, and was sent to the hospital. He managed to prove himself, and for the capture of a German officer was awarded the St. George Cross.
After the civil war, he graduated from the courses of the red commanders. He commanded a cavalry regiment, then a brigade. He was an assistant inspector of the Red Army cavalry.
In January 1941, shortly before the German invasion of the USSR, Zhukov was appointed Chief of the General Staff, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense.
He commanded the troops of the Reserve, Leningrad, Western, 1st Belorussian fronts, coordinated the actions of a number of fronts, made a great contribution to achieving victory in the battle of Moscow, in the battles of Stalingrad, Kursk, in the Belorussian, Vistula-Oder and Berlin operations. , holder of two orders "Victory", many other Soviet and foreign orders and medals.
Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich (1895-1977)- Marshal of the Soviet Union.
Born September 16 (September 30) 1895 in the village. Novaya Golchikha, Kineshemsky District, Ivanovo Region, in a priest's family, Russian. In February 1915, after graduating from the Kostroma Theological Seminary, he entered the Alekseevskoe military school(Moscow) and 4 months (in June 1915) graduated.
During the Great Patriotic War, as Chief of the General Staff (1942-1945), he took an active part in the development and implementation of almost all major operations on the Soviet-German front. Since February 1945, he commanded the 3rd Belorussian Front, led the assault on Koenigsberg. In 1945, commander-in-chief of Soviet troops in the Far East in the war with Japan.
Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich (1896-1968)- Marshal of the Soviet Union, Marshal of Poland.
Born on December 21, 1896 in the small Russian town of Velikiye Luki (formerly the Pskov province), in the family of the Polish railway driver Xavier-Jozef Rokossovsky and his Russian wife Antonina. After the birth of Konstantin, the Rokossovsky family moved to Warsaw. In less than 6 years, Kostya became an orphan: his father got into a train accident and after a long illness he died in 1902. His mother died in 1911. With the outbreak of World War I, Rokossovsky asked to join one of the Russian regiments heading west through Warsaw.
With the outbreak of World War II, he commanded the 9th Mechanized Corps. Summer 41st appointed commander of the 4th Army. He managed to somewhat restrain the offensive of the German armies on the western front. In the summer of 1942 he became the commander of the Bryansk front. The Germans managed to approach the Don and from favorable positions create threats for the capture of Stalingrad and a breakthrough into the North Caucasus. With a blow with his army, he prevented the Germans from trying to break through to the north, towards the city of Yelets. Rokossovsky took part in the Soviet counteroffensive at Stalingrad. His ability to conduct hostilities played a large role in the success of the operation. In 1943, he led the central front, which, under his command, began defensive battles on the Kursk Bulge. A little later, he organized an offensive, and liberated significant territories from the Germans. He also led the liberation of Belarus, implementing the plan of the Headquarters - "Bagration".
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Konev Ivan Stepanovich (1897-1973)- Marshal of the Soviet Union.
Born in December 1897 in a village in the Vologda province. His family was peasant. In 1916, the future commander was drafted into tsarist army... In the First World War, he participates as a non - commissioned officer.
At the beginning of World War II, Konev commanded the 19th Army, which took part in battles with the Germans and closed the capital from the enemy. For the successful conduct of the army, he was promoted to Colonel-General.
Ivan Stepanovich during the Great Patriotic War managed to visit the commander of several fronts: Kalinin, Western, Northwestern, Steppe, second Ukrainian and first Ukrainian. In January 1945, the first Ukrainian front, together with the first Belorussian front, launched an offensive Vistula-Oder operation. The troops managed to occupy several cities of strategic importance, and even liberate Krakow from the Germans. At the end of January, the Auschwitz camp was liberated from the Nazis. In April, two fronts launched an offensive in the Berlin direction. Soon Berlin was taken, and Konev took a direct part in the storming of the city.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Vatutin Nikolay Fedorovich (1901-1944)- army General.
Born on December 16, 1901 in the village of Chepukhin, Kursk province, into a large peasant family. He graduated from four classes of the zemstvo school, where he was considered the first student.
In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Vatutin visited the most critical sectors of the front. The staff member has become a brilliant combat commander.
On February 21, the Stavka instructed Vatutin to prepare an offensive on Dubno and further on Chernivtsi. On February 29, the general was on his way to the headquarters of the 60th Army. On the way, his car was fired upon by a detachment of Ukrainian Bandera partisans. The wounded Vatutin died on the night of April 15 in a Kiev military hospital.
In 1965 Vatutin was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Katukov Mikhail Efimovich (1900-1976)- Marshal of the armored forces. One of the founders of the Tank Guard.
Born on September 4 (17), 1900 in the village of Bolshoye Uvarovo, then Kolomna Uyezd, Moscow Province, into a large peasant family (his father had seven children from two marriages). schools.
In the Soviet Army since 1919.
At the beginning of World War II, he took part in defensive operations in the area of the cities of Lutsk, Dubno, Korosten, showing himself to be a skillful, proactive organizer of tank battles with superior enemy forces. These qualities were dazzlingly manifested in the battle of Moscow, when he commanded the 4th Tank Brigade. In the first half of October 1941, near Mtsensk, on a number of defensive lines, the brigade staunchly restrained the advance of enemy tanks and infantry and inflicted enormous damage on them. Having completed a 360-km march towards the Istra orientation, the brigade of M.E. Katukova, as part of the 16th Army of the Western Front, heroically fought in the Volokolamsk direction and participated in the counteroffensive near Moscow. On November 11, 1941, the brigade was the first in the tank forces to receive the title of Guards for brave and skillful military operations. Katukov commanded the 1st Tank Corps, which repulsed the onslaught of enemy troops in the Kursk-Voronezh direction, from September 1942 - the 3rd Mechanized Corps.In January 1943, he was appointed commander of the 1st Tank Army, which was part of the Voronezh, and later 1 The first of the Ukrainian Front was distinguished in the Battle of Kursk and during the liberation of Ukraine. In April 1944, the sun was transformed into the 1st Guards Tank Army, which, under the command of M.E. Katukova took part in the Lvov-Sandomierz, Vistula-Oder, East Pomeranian and Berlin operations, crossed the Vistula and Oder rivers.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Rotmistrov Pavel Alekseevich (1901-1982)- Chief Marshal of the Armored Forces.
Born in the village of Skovorovo, now Selizharovsky district, Tver region in a large peasant family (had 8 brothers and sisters) .. In 1916 he graduated from a higher primary school.
In the Soviet Army since April 1919 (he was enlisted in the Samara Workers' Regiment), a participant in the Civil War.
During the Great Patriotic War P.A. Rotmistrov fought in the West, North-West, Kalinininsky, Stalingrad, Voronezh, Steppe, South-West, 2nd Ukrainian and 3rd Belorussian fronts. He commanded the 5th Guards Tank Army, which distinguished itself in the Battle of Kursk. In the summer of 1944, P.A. Rotmistrov with his army participated in the Belarusian offensive operation, the liberation of the cities of Borisov, Minsk, Vilnius. In August 1944, he was appointed deputy commander of the armored and mechanized forces of the Soviet Army.
The hero of the USSR.
Kravchenko Andrey Grigorievich (1899-1963)- Colonel General of Tank Forces.
Born on November 30, 1899 on the Sulimin farm, now the village of Sulimovka, Yagotynsky district, Kiev region of Ukraine, in a peasant family. Ukrainian. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1925. Participant in the Civil War. Graduated from Poltava Military Infantry School in 1923, Military academy named after M.V. Frunze in 1928.
From June 1940 to the end of February 1941 A.G. Kravchenko - Chief of Staff of the 16th Panzer Division, and from March to September 1941 - Chief of Staff of the 18th Mechanized Corps.
On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since September 1941. Commander of the 31st Tank Brigade (09/09/1941 - 01/10/1942). From February 1942, deputy commander of the 61st Army for tank forces. Chief of Staff of the 1st Tank Corps (03/31/1942 - 07/30/1942). He commanded the 2nd (07/02/1942 - 09/13/1942) and 4th (from 02/07/43 - 5th Guards; from 09/18/1942 to 01/24/1944) tank corps.
In November 1942, the 4th corps participated in the encirclement of the 6th German army at Stalingrad, in July 1943 in a tank battle near Prokhorovka, in October of the same year in the battle for the Dnieper.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Novikov Alexander Alexandrovich (1900-1976)- Air Chief Marshal.
Born on November 19, 1900 in the village of Kryukovo, Nerekhtsky District, Kostroma Region. Educated at the teacher's seminary in 1918.
In the Soviet Army since 1919
In aviation since 1933. Member of the Great Patriotic War from the first day. He was the commander of the Northern Air Force, then the Leningrad Front. From April 1942 until the end of the war - the commander of the Red Army Air Force. In March 1946 he was illegally repressed (together with A. I. Shakhurin), rehabilitated in 1953.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Kuznetsov Nikolay Gerasimovich (1902-1974)- Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. People's Commissar of the Navy.
Born on July 11 (24), 1904 in the family of Gerasim Fedorovich Kuznetsov (1861-1915), a peasant in the village of Medvedki, Veliko-Ustyug district of the Vologda province (now in the Kotlas region Arkhangelsk region).
In 1919, at the age of 15, he entered the Severodvinsk flotilla, attributing to himself two years to be accepted (the erroneous 1902 year of birth is still found in some reference books). In 1921-1922 he was a combatant of the Arkhangelsk naval crew.
During the Great Patriotic War, N.G. Kuznetsov was the chairman of the Main Military Council of the Navy and the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. He quickly and energetically led the fleet, coordinating its actions with the operations of other armed forces. The admiral was a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, constantly went to ships and fronts. The fleet prevented an invasion of the Caucasus from the sea. In 1944, N.G. Kuznetsov was awarded the military rank of Admiral of the Fleet. On May 25, 1945, this rank was equated to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union and marshal-type shoulder straps were introduced.
The hero of the USSR.
Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich (1906-1945)- army General.
Was born in the city of Uman. His father was a railway worker, so it is not surprising that in 1915 his son followed in his father's footsteps and entered the railway school. In 1919, a real tragedy happened in the family: because of typhus, his parents died, so the boy was forced to leave school and go into agriculture. He worked as a shepherd, driving cattle into the field in the morning, and sat down at his textbooks every free minute. Immediately after dinner, I ran to the teacher to clarify the material.
During the Second World War, he was one of those young military leaders who, by their example, motivated soldiers, gave them confidence and gave them faith in a bright future.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Soviet propaganda did its job, and every schoolchild knew the names of these commanders. And the phrase of Mikhail Ulyanov in the role of Zhukov: - To stand to the death ... threw in a shiver. Recently, however, there are a lot of alternative points of view that cast doubt on the ability of the commanders of that war, pointing out obvious tactical mistakes, unjustified sacrifices. Whether this is true or not, I do not know, but I am sure that, sitting at the computer with a cup of coffee, it is very easy to evaluate the actions of people, find mistakes and move entire armies, in life everything is different and understand the motives of actions without having all the data. not easy.
Let's remember the names of these people.
1 . Zhukov (1896-1974)
Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov - three times Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Union, having the 1st degree Order of Suvorov and two Orders of Victory. Participated in the Leningrad and Moscow, Stalingrad and Kursk battles. In 1944 he was appointed commander of the First Belorussian Front.
2 Voroshilov (1881-1969)
Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor, since 1935 - Marshal of the Soviet Union. In 1942-43 he was the commander-in-chief of the partisan movement, and in 1943 - the coordinator of the troops in breaking the blockade of Leningrad.
3 Rokossovsky (1896-1968)
Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky is one of the most titled military leaders of the Great Patriotic War. It was he who was entrusted to command the Victory Parade in 1945. Marshal of the Soviet Union and Marshal of Poland, Rokossovsky was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of Victory, the Order of Suvorov and Kutuzov, 1st degree. He is known for his participation in many military operations, including Operation Bagration for the liberation of Belarus. He commanded troops in the battles of Stalingrad and Leningrad, participated in the Vistula-Oder and Berlin operations.
4 Tolbukhin (1894-1949)
Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin is a man who passed the way from chief of staff (1941) to Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944) during the war. His troops took part in the Crimean, Belgrade, Budapest, Vienna and other operations. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to Tolbukhin posthumously in 1965.
Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky is the commander of dozens of successful military operations. At the age of 35, he became the commander of a tank division, and from 1944 - the commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded many orders and medals. He died in 1945 from a fatal wound.
6 Talking (1897-1955)
Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov - Hero and Marshal of the Soviet Union, commander of the Leningrad and Baltic fronts at different times. He led the defense of Leningrad 670 out of 900 days of siege. Participated in the liberation of Borodino. He led the encirclement of the Kurland group of Germans, who surrendered on May 8, 1945.
7 Malinovsky (1898-1967)
Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky - twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Union, holder of the highest Soviet Order "Victory". Participated in the liberation of Rostov and Donbass, led the Zaporozhye and Odessa operations.
8 Konev (1897-1973)
Ivan Stepanovich Konev - commander of the army and fronts, and since 1950 - deputy. Minister of Defense. During the Great Patriotic War he took part in the Battle of Kursk and the Battle of Moscow, in the Berlin, Vistula-Oder and Paris operations.
9 Vasilevsky (1885-1977)
Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky - Hero and Marshal of the Soviet Union, Chief of the General Staff, Commander of the 3rd Belorussian and 1st Baltic Front. Participated in the operations to liberate Donbass, Crimea, Belarus, Latvia and Lithuania. He led the troops in the Far East in the Russo-Japanese War.
10 Timoshenko (1895-1970)
Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko - Commander of the Order of "Victory", awarded with a personal saber with the coat of arms of the USSR. He took part in the Leningrad and Moscow battles; in the Jassy-Kishinev and Budapest operations, and also took part in the liberation of Vienna.
