Do-it-yourself muffle furnace for firing ceramics. Do-it-yourself electric sauna stoves How to make an electric stove

Manufacturing electric oven for a bathhouse with your own hands is not such a difficult process. It is assembled simply and without the use of expensive materials; it does not require the construction of a chimney or cleaning from combustion products.

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Construction of a homemade electric sauna stove

The simplest model of an electric furnace consists of a box-shaped body, inside of which there is a tank with a door on the neck for adding water and several heating elements welded together. Stones are laid on top and between them. When heated, the stones give off thermal energy into the steam room, raising the temperature in it to the optimal level.

For metal structural elements They use stainless steel, which does not corrode in water and does not burn out when exposed to high temperatures and does not emit harmful substances.

If possible, the device is controlled by an electronic remote control, which should be located outside the steam room. It is connected to the furnace heating unit with an electric cable.

The heating system is activated by turning on the timer. Maximum permissible level heating heating elements - 650ºС. If the temperature drops to 600ºC, the sensor is triggered and the “Heating” light comes on. The stones are heated when the timer is in standby mode.

As soon as the top layer of stones heats up to 550ºC, the timer is triggered and the light turns on in the “Ready” position.

Stones can also be placed on top of the body above the heating elements on a metal grid welded from reinforcement and during bath procedures, water them or herb infusion to create steam.

Materials

To make an electric sauna stove with your own hands, you will need to purchase the following materials:

several electric heating elements (3-4 pcs.);

sheets of stainless steel thickness of at least 3 mm;

fittings with a diameter of 6 - 10 mm;

power cable;

rheostat that regulates power;

temperature sensor;

asbestos cement slab;

a can of heat-resistant paint;

backfill made of stone.

Tools

The tool kit should consist of:

tape measure and square;

Bulgarians;

welding machine with a set of electrodes with a diameter of 3 mm;

cutting wheels for metal;

file;

hammer, pliers.

You need to take care of funds in advance personal protection during welding work:

protective mask;

workwear made of dense material;

closed shoes;

rubber (dielectric) gloves.

Power calculation

When calculating the power of an electric furnace, the thermal conductivity of the material from which the building is constructed and its geometric parameters are taken into account:

1. So for log cabins, the total power of heating elements should be in the range of 1.4 - 1.8 kW per 1 m³ of internal space.
2. For brick and panel baths The power of the device is calculated based on the ratio of 0.6 - 0.8 kW per 1 m³.

Manufacturing instructions

Manufacturing an electric sauna stove closed type do it yourself consists of the following steps:

Development of a detailed drawing on paper with determination of the optimal dimensions, power required for heating, and location of the future device. Typically, the body of an electric furnace is made to be small in volume; the main space in their design is occupied by a basket for stone backfill. The body shape can be any, but a rectangular oven will be more convenient for operation. It is more stable and can maintain its shape for a long period of time. Due to the fact that its corner zones almost never become hot, a balance of heat flows and uniform heating of the room are maintained.


Calculation of the number of heating elements for the furnace, based on the power of one element.


Marking body parts on a steel sheet and cutting off the required parts.

Connecting heating elements into one structure using metal strips.


Fastening the heating elements on one of the sides. They are mounted to one of the sides of the furnace - side or bottom, using bolts or welding. Distance from heating elements to metal walls the housing must be such that a sheet of asbestos can fit into this gap. Its heat transfer coefficient is minimal, so no heating of the housing directly by the heating elements will occur.

Furnace body assemblies. Sheet steel parts are fastened by welding or bolts.


Welding reinforcement legs from the bottom of the furnace body for installation on the floor.

Laying stones in dense layers, without gaps and large cracks. Larger stones are placed at the bottom, and then smaller fractions. There should be a small gap between the heating elements and the filler for air convection; the last row of it should completely cover the heating element, but not be higher than 8 cm. When laying stones, the heating elements must be held.

Manufacturing a protective casing for the furnace from sheet steel or fireclay bricks.

Installation of power tools in the oven. For this stove, a simple circuit diagram is taken as a basis: voltage from the network is supplied to the terminals of the remote control controller, and the wires coming from the heating apparatus are connected to the output terminals.

Installation of the furnace control panel. The steam room is supported high level temperatures and humidity, so the remote control should be installed on a wall in another room, where the temperature is not higher than 25 - 28 degrees. The wires from the control panel must be connected to a separate circuit breaker in the electrical panel and laid in protective corrugated sleeves. Previously, special grooves are punched in the walls for wiring, which, after installing the wires, are sealed with non-flammable building materials, for example, a cement-sand mixture.

Installation of temperature and humidity control sensors for an electric oven. To connect them, heat-resistant cables are used, one-piece in length, without joints. Usually they are mounted on top of the unit, above the shelves or above the entrance door to the steam room.

Ground loop devices. The electric stove must be connected to the line of its own grounding loop, which is recommended to be laid in the ground during the construction of the sauna. It is brought to the furnace using protective cable channels. If you didn’t worry about grounding at the time, then the grounding cable of the stove must be connected to the neutral terminal of the electrical panel.

Installation of a thermostat. It is installed inside the structure and is used to measure and adjust the heating temperature of the stones.


Ennoblement appearance ovens. The body parts are cleaned with sandpaper, degreased with gasoline or acetone, primed and painted with two layers of heat-resistant paint;

Checking the operation of the oven, installation safety and connection.

Installation Requirements

The safest place to place an electric oven is the one closest to front door corner. You can also install it in the center, but be sure to comply with the following requirements:

the presence of a gap between the hot surfaces of the stove and the walls of the steam room;

Highly flammable surfaces are protected with a special screen;

protective fences have been installed with a gap between them and the stove measuring 7 cm or more, which will help to avoid severe burns on the skin in case of accidental contact;

There should be an inlet for the ventilation system behind the stove. It should be through and located at a height of 7 - 10 cm from the floor level. The size of the hole depends on the power of the oven, on average its diameter is 15 - 25 cm;

massive support under such heating device is not needed, but several layers of fireclay bricks still need to be placed before installing the product. A thick sheet of metal with a backing made of heat-insulating material, for example, slabs of extruded polystyrene foam or fiberglass wool, is also suitable for these purposes;

for a small electric furnace, it is enough to place an asbestos-cement slab or ceramic products on the floor.

Operating rules

A do-it-yourself electric oven must be operated in a room with a reliable ventilation system. The electrical wiring must be in good working order, its energy capabilities allow it to withstand the load from this electrical appliance, eliminating the risk of a short circuit.

In addition, there are a number of rules that must be followed:

1. Do not connect the device to the power supply system without sufficient water in the device.
2. Before the first fire and periodically during operation, measure the resistance from the network, which should not exceed 3 - 5 ohms.
3. To prevent damage to the heating elements due to scale, you need to fill the device with water softened with vinegar or citric acid.
4. Once every six months, the stones are moved into the electric furnace and cleaned of dust and cracked elements.
5. If in winter the bathhouse is not heated regularly, then after each visit to the bathhouse the water from the stove must be drained, since it can expand when freezing and break the connecting seams of the body.

Conclusion

Making an electric sauna stove is not such a difficult process for self-assembly. It is assembled simply and without the use of expensive materials; it does not require the construction of a chimney or cleaning from combustion products.

Every owner who has his own Vacation home, wants to build a bathhouse or sauna on his property. The oven plays a big role in this case. You can buy a ready-made model or create it yourself and save money cash. An electric stove for a sauna and bathhouse would be an excellent option. When you decide to buy a stove, you should approach your choice responsibly. Let's look at this issue in more detail.

Subtleties of selecting an electric furnace

When purchasing you should pay attention Special attention on such characteristics as: temperature conditions, the degree of humidity that the oven will provide, as well as reliability and functionality. But these are not all important characteristics.

You should focus on:

• full steam room volume;
• electric furnace controls;
• heater type;
• designer look of the stove;
• certificates of conformity.

Steam room volume

Most often, the output power of an electric furnace is calculated based on the volume of the steam room. For one cubic meter A power of 1 kilowatt of electrical energy is required. You should also take into account the energy capacity of the room to ensure that a short circuit or plugs are not knocked out.

Electric furnace controls

Also an important element is the control panel, with which you can regulate the heating temperature, as well as heat support and the time to turn off the heater.

Heater type

It is the most important parameter. Heaters are divided by type into: tape and heating element, as well as combined. Let's look at each one separately.

Those who like to steam do not always necessarily need to seek the services of specialists to build a heater. If you have basic construction skills, it is enough to learn how to build a sauna stove with your own hands.

• Heating element heaters. They are also called tubular. They can heat up to a temperature of 800 degrees Celsius, but such heating elements are not long-lasting due to their fragility. Therefore, it is best to buy an electric stove for a sauna or bath with expensive heating elements made of a stainless metal alloy. They can withstand repeated use.
• Tape heaters. They will quickly raise the temperature in the steam room to the desired temperature. Such heaters are popular due to their efficiency and environmental friendliness.

• A combined electric stove for a bath or sauna combines a heating element and a tape heater, but its price is much higher. The advantage that such an electric oven has is that it is as soon as possible is able to warm up the steam room exactly to the desired temperature.

Advice! If possible, you should not save; it is better to purchase a combined electric furnace, as it is more functional.

Furnace design

A modern electric stove for saunas and baths can be made in different designs and have a variety of sizes.

Such electric heaters can be located in the center or in the corner. They are attached with specialized brackets. Such an electric stove for a bath or sauna can be made not only of metal, but also of facing stone and in any case it will look elegant.

At its core, the stone for cladding can be soapstone, coil, soapstone, which gives the interior not only aesthetics, but also allows you to create an excellent thermal regime in the steam room, and also has a beneficial effect on the human body.

Certificate of conformity

Before purchasing, you should familiarize yourself with two certificates: for the products offered and for their fire safety.

Advice! Installation and connection of the electric furnace must be carried out by professional electricians, in full compliance with Russian SNIPs.

Types of electric furnaces

• electric furnaces for baths and saunas differ in the required network voltage;
• with a steam generator for a bath. It turns out a real steam room with light steam, as well as medium temperature conditions and a pleasant microclimate;
• Finnish stoves. They are produced by Harvia, which is recognized as a leader among manufacturers of electric stoves for baths and saunas;
• Russian stoves.

Advantages and disadvantages

Electric sauna stoves have earned their fame due to the fact that they:

• quickly and evenly heat the room and maintain the temperature;
• do not have a smoke exhaust and, accordingly, dirt and ash;
• more durable and durable;
• easy to manage and use. You just need to put desired temperature and you can prepare for bath procedures;
• have a built-in or remote control panel with parameter adjustment, which most models are equipped with. You can turn off the heater at any time;
• have protective fuses that are built into the thermostat. They prevent it from overheating;
• due to the absence of carbon monoxide, they are absolutely safe;
• allow you to save time;
• equipped with automatic shutdown of heating elements and well-designed cycling;
• compact.

The only disadvantage of these furnaces is the high energy consumption.

Making an electric furnace with your own hands

Before you start building such a stove, you need to decide on its type and style. After which you can start self-installation electric heater stoves. They are most often used in the construction of saunas, where the air must be dry.

The main element that an electric oven or mini-oven is equipped with is a heating element. Therefore, you should decide on its type.

Closed ovens are well suited for both vertical and horizontal installations heating elements, which includes such a structure as: a bus conducting current, as well as a heater or heat shield.

In the manufacture of heaters open type Nichrome wire is always used, which is laid spirally in a ceramic stand.

Making a heater

It is best to use a three-phase power supply for such stoves, which creates a voltage of 380 Volts, but if the bathhouse or sauna is not very large, a single-phase power supply with a voltage of 220 Volts may also be suitable.

Advice! You should be guided by the fact that a single-phase oven can produce a power of three kW, that is, the maximum area of ​​​​the room should be no more than 3 square meters.

Should be paid close attention on the furnace body made of metal, which must be grounded both during the first start-up and during further operation. When changing resistance, the parameter should be in the range from three to five ohms.

Assembly technology

Complete installation of an electric furnace takes place in several stages:

• you need to calculate the dimensions of the electric furnace and its power, based on the area of ​​the bathhouse;
• Based on these calculations, you need to calculate the required number of heating elements;
• after this, you need to install the heating elements, fix them and connect them using jumpers;

• then you should take steel sheet the right size about three millimeters thick and secure it using bolts or welding;
• further, you should lay out the stones as close as possible to one another, while removing all the gaps;
• the next step is to install a protective casing; for this you will need sheets of metal, or installation of a brick wall;

• then the device should be connected to electrical network, set using a thermostat or control panel.

Advice! It is best to install drum or rotary switches for such furnaces.

Safety requirements for the installation of stoves for saunas and baths

Among the basic rules:

• presence of its own ground loop. If it doesn't exist, then it needs to be made. To do this, you need to connect the neutral terminal of the distribution board with the ground wire of the electric furnace;
• The heater must have a working emergency shutdown device. It should operate without errors and errors in case of any short circuits or air overheating. Read also about on our website.;
• To connect the oven to the electrical panel or socket, a heat-resistant and moisture-resistant cable must be used that can withstand the temperature regime.

Important! Compliance with all safety requirements is mandatory, since incorrect installation of the stove or non-compliance with standards can lead to a tragic situation.

Video: review of sauna stoves

An electric stove for a sauna and bath can be installed independently, but it is best to seek help professional electrician. Modern market provides many options and models of stoves, but the choice should be approached wisely, based on the required and suitable characteristics of a particular steam room.

For a bath or sauna, large brick kilns, which provide heating not only water, but also stones. But such models are too massive, they require a special base, complex maintenance, and compliance with safety measures, since open fire is used for heating. And the cost of such stoves is significant, and it is recommended to invite a stove-maker for masonry. But for a bathhouse with your own hands, you can assemble a small but effective electric stove, which is perfect not only for an ordinary Russian bathhouse, but also for a Finnish sauna, where so-called dry heating is required.

Advantages of the electric furnace: fast heating, easy maintenance, very easy to adjust and operate.

Types of sauna stoves

For a sauna with your own hands, you can make almost any type of stove that will provide comfortable conditions.

The following types are popular:

1. A do-it-yourself brick stove for a bathhouse is a rather massive structure that requires the installation of a separate foundation, and its laying scheme must be carried out exactly according to the order. Red is used for work kiln brick, wood is used as fuel. The stove is heat-intensive, but heats up slowly, requires a chimney to remove combustion products, and ventilation is also necessary to supply fresh air.
2. A metal wood-burning stove is lighter than a traditional brick stove; it is made of sheet steel and uses dry wood as fuel. The weight of this structure is less; a special foundation is not required, but a pedestal and a protective wall are needed.
3. An electric stove today is considered the most suitable for small saunas or baths. This is a compact device that actually consists of a heating element and a container for stones and water. This design is easy to make with your own hands, it is practical, and easy to use. For such a stove there is no need to install a chimney. With such a unit, the sauna will be comfortable and convenient.

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Advantages of an electric furnace

When choosing an electric sauna stove, you get a whole list of advantages:

1. Fast heating while maintaining the set temperature comfortable temperature throughout the entire period of use, which is simply impossible when using wood-burning stoves.
2. There is absolutely no dirt during use, since the stove runs on electricity and no fuel is burned. In this regard, an electric stove does not require a chimney to remove combustion products, or a special separate ventilation system. The air in the room does not dry out that much.
3. Caring for the stove is extremely simple; it does not need to be constantly cleaned of traces of soot, remnants of unburned fuel, and soot. To start heating, you just need to turn on the structure, ensuring the supply of electric current, and setting the required temperature.
4. Unlike other types, the electric furnace is very easy to adjust and operate. The thermostat is installed directly in the steam room. The temperature is maintained exactly at the set level throughout use, which is a huge plus. The thermostat has protection against overheating, which is very important when installing a sauna stove with your own hands.
5. The oven is safe and does not emit emissions during use. carbon monoxide, open flame no, which does not pose a danger to the wooden furnishings of the sauna.
6. The dimensions of the oven are compact and its weight is light. This design can be installed in any convenient location, there is no need to first install a massive foundation, a small pedestal for equipment is sufficient, in some cases a small protective brick wall is required, which ensures safety of use during recreation.

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How to make an electric oven with your own hands?

Electric sauna stoves have an extremely simple design. As a rule, this is a body made of sheet metal, inside of which heating elements are located - heating elements. A cage is installed on top, which is completely filled with stones; they must be laid tightly. The design of the body itself can be open or closed - it all depends on which particular oven will be more convenient to use for the steam room. Typically these are open housings that are suitable for obtaining not only dry, but also wet heating. Closed sauna stoves can be horizontal or vertical, the structure includes: a conductive busbar, a heater, a heat shield. Open structures They use nichrome wire, which is mounted in a ceramic stand as a heating coil. To connect the stove, it is best to use a three-phase network with a voltage of 380 V, but for small baths A traditional single-phase 220 V is quite sufficient. For the latter design, a power of 3 kW is usually generated. This allows you to correctly calculate the heating power, which depends on total area room and the required maximum temperature. When installing an electric sauna heater, it is necessary to ensure that the housing is grounded. After installation, it is necessary to carry out tests, i.e., during the first start-up of the equipment, measure the resistance level. If the work is done correctly, it should not exceed 3-5 Ohms.

In the previous article we dealt with the homemade one, now let's talk about a blowing stove that consumes only 500 watts of power from the network, but as promised, we will not use network energy, but will power the electric stove from a converter, a detailed description of which we will consider in the next article.

For the electric stove, a spiral with a power of 500 watts was used - from an electric coffee maker. The motor uses a 3-watt motor from a record player made in the Soviet Union.

Microwave oven fan. The frame is made of plastic and glued with silicone and epoxy resin. In an electric stove, everything is very simple - the motor and the coil are connected in parallel, the coil heats up, and the fan blows on the coil, as a result we get a powerful heat flow.

The spiral is installed or wound on any refractory material; I used clay holders. The stove has legs 5 centimeters long. In general, you can use a more powerful motor with a fan, as well as a powerful coil to obtain a more powerful heat flow. You will learn about the design of the converter and how and with what you can charge powerful batteries that can power an electric oven in our next articles, but for now, see you friends, especially for you - AKA.

Discuss the article HOMEMADE ELECTRIC STOVE

Do-it-yourself electric furnace for a forge. How to make an electric furnace for melting metal. Do-it-yourself electric furnace for ceramics. IN homemade electric furnace Many non-ferrous metals can be melted to create ceramics, metal annealing, and clay products. The peculiarity of the furnace is that the heating coils here are wound independently. This allows you to make a stove of any size and shape.

The cost of materials for such a furnace, excluding the cost of a power controller and other things, costs around $70. The oven operates from a 120V power source. The oven can be customized to suit various needs by selecting the required length of the heating element, and if it breaks, it can be easily replaced. If you buy absolutely all the components, such a stove will cost a little more than $200.

When melting metals, toxic fumes can also be released; they should not be inhaled. For safety, it is recommended to ground the oven. It is also forbidden to touch the power wires while the oven is operating.

Only fire-resistant elements or concrete can be used as materials.

Materials and tools for a homemade stove:
- six refractory bricks (they must be soft, since grooves are made in them for the spiral);
- two steel bolts and 4 nuts;
- a piece of wire for connecting the stove, which can withstand a current of at least 15A;
- two clamps (can be bought at a hardware store);
- standalone controller for ICS oven;
- coil of Kanthal A wire;
- steel rod
- a couple of boards;
- screwdriver;
- hammer and nails.

Tools: flat screwdriver, saw, Cordless Drill with small bits, small file, needle nose pliers and more.

Furnace manufacturing process:

Step one. Making the base of the oven
The stove is made in such a way that its lower part heats up, so it can only be installed on concrete or other non-burning surface. The floor is formed by two bricks, and all four walls will take 12 bricks. Two walls are assembled from solid bricks, and the other two from halves. Of course, the number of bricks will depend on their thickness, width and length.

Well, then you need to make grooves in the brick; the most convenient way to do this is with a device like the author’s. You need to wear respiratory protection, as work generates a lot of dust. To refine the channels, you can use a file. The width is selected depending on the diameter of the spiral, and the shape of the labyrinth is noticeable in the photo. Finally, to prevent the stove from falling apart, it is tightened with metal clamps using a screwdriver.

Since the oven is grounded, it is best to choose a three-core cable, or you can simply ground the oven through a separate wire. The ends need to be stripped of insulation and tightly tightened with bolts and nuts at the point of contact. It is best to secure it with two nuts, as in the photo. This allows heat to be significantly removed from the supply wires. For such purposes, you can buy special contacts with insulating ceramic gaskets.

The oven is connected via the ICS control unit, which the author purchased here. But this controller does not have a very wide range of temperature control, and even at the lowest settings the oven gets quite hot. If you need a wider range of adjustments, then it is best to purchase a PID controller. It will cost about the same (about $84).

Step five. Oven testing
That's it, the oven is ready for testing. As you can note, it is not difficult to assemble, but in practice it is very useful. The author used another fire-resistant brick as a roof. A hole is drilled in it and a thermocouple is installed. At minimum settings, the oven heats up to 500oC, and at maximum it heats up to 1100oC. Operating the oven is very simple and convenient. It is imperative to work with gloves made of non-flammable material. If you need to look into the oven during operation, you need to move the top brick. The oven heats up quite quickly.

If you buy absolutely all the components and assemble the oven exactly according to these instructions, it will cost about $230. Here cost will be included thermocouple, pyrometer, ICS controller, as well as the cost of power wires.

In conclusion, it should be noted that this oven operates on a 120V power supply; with a 220V power source, a different wire diameter and length will be needed. You can correctly calculate the required length and diameter of the heating wire using the formula or use a calculator, of which there are plenty on the Internet.