Communications and automatic fire alarm installations. Fire alarm. Discipline and rules of communication

Dispatcher (radio telephone operator) PSCh reports to the chief of guard of the GPS unit, and in operational terms to the garrison dispatcher. He is responsible for the accurate reception, transmission and registration of messages arriving at the unit’s communication point, the timely dispatch of units to fires, accident sites and natural disasters. He is obliged:

know the operational fire situation in the area of ​​departure of the State Fire Service units, the list of objects for which operational plans and fire extinguishing cards have been drawn up or units are sent in case of a fire using an increased call number, waterless areas, the location of important and fire-hazardous objects, passages and water sources, as well as the main tactical technical data of fire engines (ships, trains) available in the garrison;

be able to quickly receive fire messages and use the fire safety control documentation;

check the operation of communication and signaling equipment at the PSCh when taking up duty, and also periodically during duty keep them clean and in good working order, report all malfunctions to the chief of the guard and the garrison dispatcher;

maintain contact with the services of the area (facilities) interacting with the fire department, and, if necessary, send the forces and means of these services to the area of ​​the fire (accident, natural disaster) according to the established procedure;

upon receiving messages about the closure of passages, failure of the fire-fighting water supply, communication disruptions and other changes in the operational fire situation, immediately report to the guard chief and the garrison dispatcher;

when calling by phone, answer: “Fire brigade”;

Having received a telephone message about a fire, without interrupting the conversation, turn on the alarm signal, and at night, additional lighting of the premises, fill out a ticket for the departure of the guard and its copies according to the number of departing departments, establish the address of the fire, the name and telephone number of the applicant, and, if possible - other information about the fire that may affect the successful extinguishing of the fire;

hand over the permit to the chief of the guard, informing him of the available information about the object and the nature of the fire, and keep one copy of the permit;

together with a ticket (token) for departure, hand over to the head of the guard a fire extinguishing operational card (plan) (if one has been developed for this facility);

upon receiving an “alarm” signal from a fire alarm detector, give a return signal, take the detector tokens, carefully check the token numbers with the numbers of the activated detector and hand them over to the guard commander;

upon receiving an “alarm” signal from a fire alarm installation, arrange a guard visit in the same way as when receiving a notification by telephone;

upon receiving a message about a fire at a facility to which automatic dispatch of forces and resources is provided via an elevated call number, immediately inform the garrison dispatcher about this;

inform the garrison dispatcher and officials in the prescribed manner about the departure of the guard, the dispatch of additional forces and equipment, information received from the place of work of the guard, about the return of the guard;

establish and maintain contact with the guard who went to the fire (to the scene of an accident, natural disaster, practical lessons), taking into account the characteristics of the object, find out with the help of reference documentation, as well as through the relevant services, the operational and tactical features of the object, the level of gas contamination, the radiation situation, expected changes in weather conditions, etc. and upon receiving additional information, immediately report it to the garrison dispatcher and the guard commander;

take all necessary measures to timely receive information about the situation from the place of work of the GPS unit and immediately transmit the received instructions and information to the control center;

upon receipt of a notification about a fire outside the departure area of ​​a given GPS unit, immediately transfer it to the control center or to the GPS unit in whose security area the fire occurred, and report this to the chief of guard;

record in the log of the communication point the time of receipt and content of messages (indicating the names of those who reported fires, accidents, natural disasters, failure of hydrants, water supply networks, roads, driveways, communications, etc.), orders and messages from the fire site , accident, natural disaster, time of departure, arrival at the place of call and return of the guard on duty (including to classes and exercises), to which of the officials, when and what information was transmitted, what and when was done in response to received messages and in pursuance of received orders and so on.;

keep records of facilities where people stay around the clock (kindergartens, medical institutions, etc.);

allow only the chief of guard and his direct superiors, as well as persons responsible for the maintenance of communication equipment, into the premises of the communication point.

Radiotelephone operator working with a portable radio station, is subordinate to the chief of guard (squad commander) and the person at whose disposal he is sent. He is obliged:

establish and maintain contact with radio stations operating during the fire;

know the call signs of radio stations operating during a fire;

Have a pencil and notepad for writing.

Radiotelephonist working with telephone, is subordinate to the chief of guard (squad commander) and the person at whose disposal he is assigned, and is responsible for the serviceability of the telephone, the timely establishment and uninterrupted operation of the communication line. He is obliged:

after laying the line and turning on the telephone set, check their serviceability and report to the switchboard;

know the numbers of switch subscribers;

do not leave the device while waiting for a call signal from the switchboard;

when called, answer: “1st precinct (for example, Ivanov’s precinct) is listening,” and then enter into a conversation;

conduct negotiations briefly, without unnecessary words and only on issues of an official nature;

do not allow unauthorized persons to use the telephone;

when receiving orders by telephone, quickly and accurately transmit them to the addressee;

immediately notify the telephone operator working on the switchboard about the transfer of the device to a new location and the temporary interruption of communication;

handle the telephone with care and protect it from dust and moisture;

Have a notepad to write down messages.

Rules for radio communication.

Messaging involves the transmission and reception of telephone messages, radiograms, telegrams, graphic and text images, signals, commands, etc.

According to the content, messages are divided into operational and service. Operational messages are exchanged on issues related to the management of GPS units and life support services in their combat activities. The exchange of official messages is carried out when establishing and checking communications and when resolving issues of administrative and economic activities of the garrison.

Message exchanges should be brief. Maintaining various kinds private requests and private negotiations between subscribers are strictly prohibited.

The list of issues on which messages are exchanged in clear text is determined by the head of the State PS (OGPS).

Establishment of communication is carried out in the following form: "Angara! I am Falcon! Answer", "Falcon! I am Angara! Welcome!".

If it is necessary to transfer messages, the caller, after establishing communication, transmits it in the form: "Angara! I am Falcon! Accept the message" (text follows), "I am Falcon, welcome!". When a message is received, a response is given in the form: "Falcon! I am Angara" (message text is repeated), I'm Angara, welcome!.

The operator notifies about the end of the connection with the following words: "End of Communication". The transmission of messages should be carried out slowly, clearly, and clearly. You must speak in a full voice, but do not shout, as shouting disrupts the clarity and precision of the transmission.

In case of poor audibility and unclear words, difficult to pronounce words are transmitted letter by letter, with each letter being transmitted as a separate word according to the following table:

Three-digit groups 126, 372 - one hundred twenty-six, three hundred seventy-two, etc.;

Four-digit groups 2873, 4594 - twenty-eight seventy-three; forty-five ninety-four, etc.;

Five-digit groups 32481, 76359 - thirty-two four hundred eighty-one; seventy-six three hundred fifty-nine, etc.;

If hearing is poor, each number can be expressed in words: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, zero.

When transmitting from the fire scene, the following sample message texts must be adhered to:

- "Arrived at the place of call. Reconnaissance is underway"

- “It’s burning in the attic of a four-story building. Send an additional ladder truck.”

- “We arrived at the place of the call, the electrical wires are shorted. Send the emergency power service.”

- "The fire has been extinguished, dismantling is in progress"

Communication quality is assessed using a five-point system:

5-excellent communication (no interference can be heard, words are legible);

4-good connection (interference can be heard, words are legible);

3-satisfactory communication (there is a lot of interference, intelligibility is insufficient);

2-unsatisfactory communication (the interference is so great that words are difficult to understand);

1st appointment is not possible.

If there is no response from the called subscriber to three consecutive calls within 1-2 minutes, the dispatcher (radio telephone operator) is obliged to report to the central control center about the lack of communication.

All radio stations must operate only on their assigned frequency channels. Operation on other frequency channels, with the exception of cases of inclusion in the radio network of life support services, is prohibited.

Radio station call signs are assigned technical departments(departments) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Main Internal Affairs Directorate, the Internal Affairs Directorate of the subjects Russian Federation. Assigning arbitrary call signs is strictly prohibited.

Before starting a transmission, the radio operator must make sure by listening on the frequency of his transmitter that this frequency is not occupied by other network subscribers.

Only the main radio stations and radio stations operating at the fire site are allowed to interfere with radio exchange between two radio stations, if it is necessary to call additional forces and announce an increased number of the fire.

Checking the passage of radio communications is permitted only by transmitting words of serial counting: “I give you the count for setting: one, two, three, four, five...”. It is prohibited to check the radio communication channel with an elevated call number and through negotiations.

Only persons who have undergone special training and have the appropriate permission from the head of the UGPS (OGPS) are allowed to work at GPS radio stations.

Processing calls and receiving information.

Calls are processed in the prescribed manner by the duty dispatcher (radio telephone operator) of the unit fire department and includes:

Reception from the applicant and recording of information about the fire;

Assessing the information received and making a decision on sending forces and means to the place of call, provided for by the departure schedule (plan for attracting forces and means);

Giving an "ALARM" signal;

Preparation and delivery (transfer) to the official in charge of the duty guard or duty shift (hereinafter referred to as the head of the guard), a permit to go to the fire, as well as, if necessary, operational plans (cards) for fire extinguishing and other information about the burning object.

When receiving information from the applicant about a fire, the duty dispatcher must, as far as possible, fully establish:

The presence and nature of danger to human life and health;

Features of the facility where the fire occurred;

Last name, first name, patronymic of the applicant;

Other information (including the applicant’s telephone number) about the fire that may affect the successful completion of the main combat mission.

The "ALARM" signal is sent immediately after the address or other information about the location of the fire has been established and a decision has been made to leave.

The call must be processed in the shortest possible time and not delay departure and travel to the fire site.

If necessary and if technically possible, information about the fire can be transmitted by the dispatcher to the chief of the guard via radio communication while he is moving to the place of the fire.

ATTENTION: You are looking text part contents of the summary, the material is available by clicking the Download button

Expand contents

Purpose and tasks of the communication service of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia

The communication service is organized in accordance with the Radio Communications Manual, Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated December 26, 2018 No. 633.

It includes units and mobile assets designed to carry out communication functions in the garrison.

Direct supervision of the use and maintenance of garrison communications equipment is carried out by the head of the communications service, who is appointed on the basis of an order from the head of the State Post Administration of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, in the local garrison of the PO - by order of the head of the State Post Service unit.

A communications service can be created on a permanent staff basis or on a non-staff basis.

The communications services (non-standard communications services) of the garrisons include regular communications units and individual communications specialists of the corresponding control centers (points) and GPS communications centers, as well as special repair units, maintenance and repair posts and mobile communications workshops.

The main task of the GPS communications service is to organize communications for fire prevention and fire extinguishing.

Communication means and organization

Communication system and its main elements

The communication system is the most important component of the control system infrastructure and, together with the automated control system, forms the technical basis for informatization and control automation. The communication system should cover all structural units of the Directorate and be built on the basis of fixed and mobile communication centers, taking into account the integrated use of technical means that ensure force control.

Communication means include:

• communication technology;
• measuring equipment, charging and rectifying devices, power sources and units;
• wired line facilities;
• signaling communications (sound, lighting).

Communication means are the main elements of mobile and stationary objects and communication structures.

Mobile communication objects include communication equipment mounted on vehicles.

Stationary communication facilities include stationary communication centers, amplification and relay points.

Communication structures include stationary antenna mast and feeder devices, permanent cable and air lines communications.

A stationary communication center is a complex of communication means, lines and communication channels, combined in a certain order and designed to provide control daily activities Management, its structural divisions and solving other problems.

Fixed communication facilities may include technical systems and power supply systems.

Technical systems of stationary communication facilities include air supply, heat supply and heating systems, remote and automatic control and monitoring systems for technical devices.

Power supply systems for stationary communication facilities include: transformer substations, backup power supply installations, cable electrical network, switchgear, lighting systems, grounding loops.

The mobile communication center is designed to organize operational management of the structural units of the Directorate when organizing fire extinguishing and carrying out related priority rescue operations, providing information support to the fire extinguishing manager and interaction with higher management bodies of the Federal Border Guard Service.

Stationary and mobile communication nodes (points) of the Directorate are:

• Unified duty and dispatch service “Rescue Service 01”;
• Special fire department communications point;
• Mobile communication center.

Communications in the Department are built on the basis of wired and radio communication networks by creating an extensive network of stationary and mobile communication nodes equipped with communication means in accordance with their purpose.

The garrison's wired communication network is organized on the basis of local and long-distance communication lines of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Communications and Information, wired communication channels of federal executive authorities and other organizations using their line-cable structures.

The Department's wired communications network includes:

• linear and cable structures;
• long-distance telephone network;
• intrazonal (city) telephone network;
• telephone network using special lines allocated for a single rescue telephone;
• a network of non-switched (dedicated) telephone lines designed to connect the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” and communication points of special fire departments, with life support services and particularly important objects;
• fax network.

Radio communications in the Department are organized according to the principle of a combination of radio networks and radio directions and provide:

• operational management of the Directorate's forces;
• communication with fire trucks and structural divisions of the Department;
• mutual exchange of messages between structural divisions of the Department when organizing fire extinguishing;
• duplication (redundancy) of wired communication channels.

When the guard on duty (shift, department) leaves for classes to check fire protection regime etc. radio communication is established by the guard commander (shift leader, squad commander) within his radio network.

When the duty guard (shift, department) leaves for classes and exercises on the “Alarm” signal, radio communication is established within the general radio network, as well as when receiving a message about a fire (accident).

The sentinels from among the employees of the duty guard (shift), sent on patrol along the established route, maintain contact with the radiotelephone operator (dispatcher) of the special fire department in which they serve, along the entire route along the patrol route, i.e. are marked by radio station from each object.

When a fire is detected at a facility, watchmen immediately report this via a portable radio directly to the communications point of the special fire department in which they are serving.

Employees from among the engineering and inspection staff of the fire prevention group of special fire departments maintain contact with the radiotelephone operator (dispatcher) of the special fire department in which they serve, by telephone (from each facility, site or sector) or by radio station. The portable radio stations of the engineering and inspection staff are in reception mode. After the end of the working hours of employees from among the engineering-inspector staff of the fire prevention group of special fire departments working on a day shift schedule, as well as on the days off of these employees, portable radio stations assigned to employees of the engineering-inspector staff of the fire prevention group can be used by sentinels from number of duty guard personnel (shifts).

When the guard on duty (shift, department) leaves on an “Alarm” signal, the senior official heading the guard (shift, department) establishes contact with the dispatcher of the EDDS “Rescue Service 01”.

When the guard on duty (shift, department) leaves for classes, to check the fire safety regime, etc. The senior official heading the guard (shift, department) establishes contact with the radiotelephone operator (dispatcher) of the communication point directly at his special fire department.

Along the route, the senior official heading the guard (shift, department) can establish contact with the departments following him and transmit necessary information squad commanders.

Upon arrival at the place of call, the senior official heading the guard (shift, department) informs the dispatcher of the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” about the arrival, the situation based on external signs and the initial measures taken.

The commanders of the departments (chief of guard) of the subsequent units inform the dispatcher of the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” about their arrival in the order of priority of arrival at the place of call.

When working at the site of organizing a fire extinguishing or liquidating an accident, communication with the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” is established only by the fire extinguishing director (RTP) or the chief of the fire extinguishing staff (NS). All other subscribers of the radio network communicate with the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” only by order of the RTP or NS.

Radio communications at the fire extinguishing site are organized in accordance with the “Organization of radio communications at a fire” scheme (Appendix No. 5).

Types of communication

Contact by functional purpose is divided into the following types:

• notification communication (provides the transmission and reception of messages about fires, accidents, and other emergencies);
• operational dispatch communication (ensures the transmission of orders structural divisions Management, timely dispatch of forces and means to the place where fires are being extinguished, emergency rescue operations are being carried out, information is being received from places where fires are being extinguished, emergency rescue operations are being carried out, the information received is being transferred to officials, organizations and city services, receiving messages about visits of duty units and communication with fire trucks on the way, transmitting orders for the redeployment of equipment);
• communication during the organization of fire extinguishing, emergency rescue operations (ensures clear and uninterrupted control of forces, their interaction and transfer of information from the place where the fire is being extinguished, emergency rescue operations);
• administrative and management communications (includes all types of communications not related to the implementation of operational and tactical tasks).

Notification communication ensures the transmission of messages about fires, accidents from applicants and automatic fire and security fire alarm devices to the EDDS "Rescue Service 01" and communication points of special fire departments.

The notification communication provides:

• connection of the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” with the city telephone exchange using incoming connecting lines designed specifically for receiving notifications about fires and accidents via special connecting lines by dialing the two-digit number “01”;
• receiving notifications from automatic fire and security fire alarm equipment installed at the most important facilities located in the area where the special fire department departs;
• connection by direct wire lines of the EDDS “Rescue Service 01”, PSCh with the most important protected objects;
• connection by direct wire lines of the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” with internal affairs bodies and private security units to receive reports of fires (alarm fire alarms, alarm systems);
• connecting Department personnel equipped with radio communication equipment to the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” or PSCh via radio communication channels.

Operational dispatch communication provides:

• direct telephone and radio communication of the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” with the PSCh;
• radio communication of the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” or PSCh with fire trucks along the route;
• direct telephone communication with life support services.

Communication when organizing fire extinguishing and carrying out emergency rescue operations is intended to control forces, ensure their interaction and exchange of information.

To manage forces when organizing fire extinguishing, carrying out emergency rescue operations, communication is established between the RTP and the operational headquarters, the head of the rear, the heads of the fire extinguishing areas, carrying out emergency rescue operations and, if necessary, with fire trucks. Communication during the organization of fire extinguishing and emergency rescue operations ensures the management of the work of the Department’s divisions and obtaining from them information about the situation during a fire or accident.

To provide control, radio stations and loud-speaking installations of cars, as well as portable radio stations, telephone sets and automatic telephone exchanges are used, Cell phones, intercoms, electric megaphones.

For interaction between departments working on a fire and carrying out emergency rescue operations, communication is established between the heads of departments. In this case, wearable radio stations, mobile telephones, intercoms and communications devices are used.

If it is impossible to use communication means, control signals are used.

To ensure the transfer of information from the place of organizing fire extinguishing, carrying out emergency rescue operations, a connection is established between the RTP, the operational headquarters and the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” (PSCh) using the city telephone network or radio stations of fire trucks, communication and lighting vehicles, and operational vehicles. At the same time, the exchange of information is ensured between the EDDS “Rescue Service 01” (PSCh) and the departments located at the site of the fire extinguishing and along the route, the transmission of messages about the situation and progress of the fire extinguishing; call for additional forces and means; transfer of RTP requirements to life support services.

When using radio communications during a fire, the RTP is obliged to ensure that all subscribers comply with the rules of radio communication.

When the operational headquarters uses a subscriber telephone network, it is necessary to switch the subscriber's telephone line to the headquarters telephone set.

To ensure reliable communication when organizing fire extinguishing in underground structures in conditions of shielding of radio waves, the object's telephone communications, loud-speaker warning installations, including megaphones, and mine rescue communication equipment are used.

Administrative and management communications are intended to support the administrative and management activities of the Department.

For administrative and management communications, as a rule, city, rural and departmental telephone communication networks and radio networks are used. If necessary, operational communications means may be used, provided that this does not harm the performance of operational-tactical tasks.

Organization of activities of EDDS Rescue Service 01

The EDDS “Rescue Service 01” is responsible for the following functions:

• receiving notifications about fires and accidents;
• timely dispatch of departments of the Department to places of extinguishing fires or liquidation of consequences of accidents and natural disasters, and, in necessary cases, ensuring temporary relocation of departments, as well as notifying the management of the Department;
• ensuring operational dispatch communication with units involved in fire extinguishing and carrying out emergency rescue operations;
• transmission and reception of information from the place of work of departments;
• ensuring reliable communications with the most important facilities and services interacting with the Directorate located on the territory of the garrison;
• ensuring operational accounting fire equipment Management, located in the combat crew, in reserve, on missions.

The EDDS “Rescue Service 01” is responsible for receiving messages and dispatching fire departments of neighboring cities, districts and individual objects to large fires.

Organization of PC activities

• receiving and recording information about fires and accidents;
• receiving instructions on sending combat crews of the duty guard (shift) to the place of fire extinguishing, carrying out emergency rescue operations, received from the dispatcher of the EDDS “Rescue Service 01”;
• receiving notifications about fires coming from neighboring garrison units;
• sending combat crews of the duty guard (shift) of the unit to the place of fire extinguishing, emergency work;
• maintaining contact with the unit’s fire trucks that went to the place of extinguishing the fire, as well as when going to fire-tactical exercises and other garrison events;
• informing the EDDS “Rescue Service 01”, as well as officials and organizations about fires and accidents.

Organization and procedure for registering and documenting information on the EDDS “Rescue Service 01”, PC.

At the EDDS “Rescue Service 01”, IF, special equipment is installed, which is necessary for recording all received and transmitted messages via radio and wired communication channels.

Monitoring of recording quality is carried out at least six times a day by technical staff on duty.

The procedure for admitting persons to listen to magnetic recordings is determined by order of the head of the Department.

The dispatcher (radio telephone operator) of the EDDS “Rescue Service 01”, FC, when accepting and handing over duty, must record information on the equipment about receiving and handing over duty.

Responsibilities of communications officials

Chief of the Garrison

In the field of organizing the activities of the communications service, the head of the garrison is obliged to:

• organize and control the work of the communications service and the development of measures for its development and improvement;
• know the communications structure and the communications equipment of the GPS units of the garrison;
• periodically check the readiness and condition of communication equipment;
• control the organization and provision of measures to comply with rules and safety measures when working on communications equipment.

Head of Communications Service

The head of the communications service (non-standard communications service) is subordinate to the head of the UGPS (OGPS), is an official of the garrison and is responsible for the organization of communications, constant readiness for the use of technical means, their development, improvement, operation, timely submission of reports, requests for communications equipment and operational -Consumables.

He is obliged:

• organize communications between units of the State Border Service, the most important objects of the national economy and life support services;
• ensure the timely development of a communications equipment operation plan, determine the need for cash for the maintenance and operation of communication facilities and control their implementation;
• know the state of technical means of communication intended for the needs of the GPS, organize their accounting and distribution among departments;
• analyze the work of the communication service, develop measures to improve it;
• organize special training for garrison personnel, training and allow access to independent work on communications equipment and their maintenance;
• exercise control over claims work;
• organize and control the work of technical service units (repair of communications equipment), metrological support measuring instruments, issues of categorization and write-off of communication equipment;
• provide measures to comply with rules and safety measures when working on communications;
• summarize and send reports, requests for communications equipment and operational consumables to supply authorities, monitor the correctness and timeliness of their use.

Garrison dispatcher

The garrison dispatcher is operationally subordinate to the operational duty officer, and regarding the operation and maintenance of communications equipment - to the head of the communications service.

He is responsible for the work of the duty shift of the central control center to ensure: receipt of messages and timely dispatch of units to fires, accident sites and natural disasters, constant communication with life support services of the city (facility), clear reception and transmission of orders from the head of the garrison, operational duty officer for the garrison and RTP operational accounting of forces and assets in the garrison.

The garrison dispatcher is obliged to:

• know the operational situation in the garrison, the deployment and departure areas of GPS units, firefighting support points major fires, particularly important facilities to which, upon the first report of a fire, units are sent to an increased call number, waterless areas (areas), technical weapons and tactical capabilities of guards, the location of the main stocks of fire extinguishing agents, as well as the location of garrison units;
• control the operation of communications, recording and information equipment of the garrison and the procedure for their use;
• be able to use NCC official documentation;
• ensure rapid receipt of fire reports, use a tape recorder to record incoming messages;
• dispatch State Fire Service units to fires in accordance with the departure schedule of the garrison units, the order of the RTP, the operational duty officer and the head of the garrison;
• in the event that an increased call number is provided for the facility, or taking into account the developing fire situation, send additional forces and resources;
• maintain contact with the duty department of the internal affairs body, with the services of the city (facility) interacting with the State Fire Service, and, if necessary, send the forces and means of these services to the area of ​​the fire (accident, natural disaster) in accordance with the established procedure;
• take all necessary measures to timely receive information about the situation from the place of work of the State Border Service units;
• find out, with the help of reference documentation, as well as through the relevant services, operational-tactical features, gas levels, radiation conditions at the fire site and upon receipt additional information immediately report them to the RTP;
• inform garrison officials in the prescribed manner about the departure of units and the situation at their place of work; report received information to the garrison duty officer about changes in the operational situation, and also inform the duty guards (shifts)1 of the GPS units about this;
• carry out temporary redeployment of GPS units during guard trips to increased call numbers in accordance with the established procedure in the garrison;
• control the timeliness of departure of State Fire Service units for practical training (fire-tactical exercises, classes, training in a heat and smoke chamber, etc.);
• periodically check (at least twice a day) telephone and radio communications with fire departments, city services and facilities, as well as reconcile the clocks located in the premises of the central control center and at the fire control center;
• strictly observe safety measures when working with communication equipment installed on the central control center and central control center

Senior Communications Master, Central Communications Center

The senior communications master is directly subordinate to the communications and telesignaling engineer of the central control center.

The senior communications master is obliged to:

• carry out round-the-clock monitoring of the operation of communications, telesignaling and telemechanics in the garrison;
• ensure, under the guidance of a communications engineer, the correct technical operation and uninterrupted operation of communications equipment, rational use equipment;
• carry out preparation of communication equipment for operation, technical inspection of individual devices and components, conduct test checks in order to timely detect faults;
• carry out maintenance and repair of communication equipment installed in the center and departments of the software;
• take part in checking the technical condition of communications equipment, accepting devices from major repairs, as well as in accepting and mastering newly commissioned devices;
• keep records and analyze indicators of the use of communication means, take part in work on their modernization and improvement;
• carry out the necessary tests, measurements and other types of work, process and formalize the results obtained in accordance with methodological materials, and keep records of them;
• take part in the preparation and execution of technical documentation for the work performed.

Head of the GPS unit

The head of the GPS unit is responsible for the maintenance and operation of communications equipment of the subordinate unit.

He is obliged:

• know regulations on operation, maintenance and repair of communications equipment;
• know the availability and technical condition of communications equipment and the rules for their conservation and storage;
• implement and require subordinates to comply with safety measures when working on communications equipment;
• control the work of persons responsible for the maintenance of communications equipment;
• ensure timely dispatch of communications equipment for repairs, routine maintenance and receipt from repairs;
• control the maintenance of accounting and technical documentation;
• periodically check the condition and readiness of communication equipment.

Dispatcher (radio telephone operator) PSCh

The dispatcher (radio telephone operator) of the PSCh is subordinate to the chief of guard of the GPS unit, and in operational terms - to the garrison dispatcher. He is responsible for the accurate reception, transmission and registration of messages arriving at the unit’s communication point, the timely dispatch of units to fires, accident sites and natural disasters.

He is obliged:

• know the operational fire situation in the area of ​​departure of the State Fire Service units, the list of objects for which operational plans and fire extinguishing cards have been drawn up or units are sent in case of a fire using an increased call number, waterless areas, the location of important and fire-hazardous objects, passages and water sources, as well as the main tactical technical data of fire engines (ships, trains) available in the garrison;
• be able to quickly receive fire messages and use the fire safety control documentation;
• check the operation of communication and signaling equipment at the PSCh when taking up duty, and also periodically during duty keep them clean and in good working order, report all malfunctions to the chief of the guard and the garrison dispatcher;
• maintain contact with the services of the area (facilities) interacting with the fire department, and, if necessary, send the forces and means of these services to the area of ​​the fire (accident, natural disaster) in accordance with the established procedure;
• when receiving messages about road closures, breakdowns fire water supply, immediately report communication breakdowns and other changes in the operational fire situation to the chief of guard and the garrison dispatcher;
• when calling by phone, answer: “Fire brigade”;
• Having received a telephone message about a fire, without interrupting the conversation, turn on the alarm signal, and at night, additional lighting of the premises, fill out a ticket for the departure of the guard and its copies according to the number of departing departments, establish the address of the fire, the name and telephone number of the applicant, and, if possible – other information about the fire that may affect the successful extinguishing of the fire;
• hand over the permit to the chief of the guard, informing him of the available information about the object and the nature of the fire, and keep one copy of the permit;
• together with a ticket (token) for departure, hand over to the head of the guard a fire extinguishing operational card (plan) (if one has been developed for this facility);
• upon receiving an “alarm” signal from a fire alarm detector, give a return signal, take the detector tokens, carefully check the token numbers with the numbers of the activated detector and hand them over to the guard commander;
• upon receiving an “alarm” signal from a fire alarm installation, arrange a guard visit in the same way as when receiving a notification by telephone;
• upon receiving a message about a fire at a facility to which automatic dispatch of forces and resources is provided via an elevated call number, immediately inform the garrison dispatcher about this;
• inform the garrison dispatcher and officials in the prescribed manner about the departure of the guard, the dispatch of additional forces and equipment, information received from the place of work of the guard, about the return of the guard;
• establish and maintain contact with the guard who went to the fire (to the scene of an accident, natural disaster, for practical training), taking into account the characteristics of the object, find out with the help of reference documentation, as well as through the relevant services, the operational and tactical features of the object, the level of gas contamination, radiation situation, expected changes in weather conditions, etc. and upon receiving additional information, immediately report it to the garrison dispatcher and the guard commander;
• take all necessary measures to timely receive information about the situation from the place of work of the GPS unit and immediately transmit the received instructions and information to the control center;
• upon receipt of a notification about a fire outside the departure area of ​​a given GPS unit, immediately transfer it to the control center or to the GPS unit in whose security area the fire occurred, and report this to the chief of guard;
• record in the log of the communication point the time of receipt and content of messages (indicating the names of those who reported fires, accidents, natural disasters, failure of hydrants, water supply networks, roads, driveways, communications, etc.), orders and messages from the fire site , accident, natural disaster, time of departure, arrival at the place of call and return of the guard on duty (including to classes and exercises), to which of the officials, when and what information was transmitted, what and when was done in response to received messages and in pursuance of received orders and so on.;
• keep records of facilities where people stay around the clock (kindergartens, medical institutions, etc.);
• allow only the chief of guard and his direct superiors, as well as persons responsible for the maintenance of communication equipment, into the premises of the communication point.

Part-commander

The squad commander is subordinate to the chief of the guard, and in operational terms - to the chief of the combat area.

He is responsible for carrying out maintenance, for the technical condition, serviceability and safety of communications equipment, communications and lighting transported on a vehicle.

He is obliged:

• know perfectly the tactical and technical data, structure and procedure for using communication equipment located on board the ASO;
• quickly identify and eliminate malfunctions and damage that occur during the operation of communications equipment;
• study and summarize the causes of malfunctions and failures and take measures to prevent them;
• maintain technical documentation in a timely and correct manner;
• carry out safety measures when working with communications equipment;
• respond to an emergency in accordance with the fire dispatch schedule.

When working on a fire, the commander of the ADF squad is obliged to:

• quickly organize uninterrupted radio and wire communications in accordance with the task;
• bring combat mission to each fighter to the extent necessary for its implementation;
• personally supervise the deployment, movement and operation of assets;
• check the operation of the equipment, the correct installation power cable and the inclusion of wired communication lines when deploying communications equipment;
• in the event of damage to communications equipment, immediately take measures to eliminate it and report the incident to the chief of staff;
• keep a clear record of issued wearable radios; constantly monitor compliance by personnel with safety measures when working with electrical installations and communications equipment.

Senior fireman-radio telephone operator

The senior firefighter-radio telephone operator, working at the radio station in the ASO salon, reports to the squad commander and replaces the squad commander in his absence.

He is responsible for the timely establishment of radio communications with the control center, combat areas and operational headquarters and the technical condition of the equipment assigned to him,

When the firefighting unit leaves the unit to the place of call, the senior firefighter-radio telephone operator is obliged to establish contact with the control center and, upon establishment of communication, report to the squad commander.

When working on a fire, the senior fireman-radio telephone operator is obliged to:

• ensure continuous radio communication with the control center, combat areas, operational headquarters, transmit and receive radiograms (messages), during transmission it is necessary to receive confirmation of the correctness of what was received;
• quickly receive radiograms and submit them to the operational headquarters;
• know the garrison radio communication scheme and be able to use existing communication tables;
• make tape recordings;
• strictly follow the rules and maintain the established procedure for radio communications in radio networks;
• turn on amplification devices at the direction of the guard chief (squad commander) of the ASO;
• If there is a malfunction of the equipment assigned to him, report to the squad commander and take measures to eliminate it.

The senior firefighter-radio telephone operator, working at the headquarters table, reports to the squad commander and the chief of the operational headquarters. He is responsible for the timely inclusion of the telephone set in the city network and the connection of the table equipment to the ASO equipment.

Upon arrival at the scene of a fire, the senior firefighter-radio telephone operator is obliged to:

• install the headquarters table in the specified location;
• connect the telephone set to the city telephone network, check and report the telephone number to the central control center;
• connect the control table to the communication vehicle equipment with a cable and check the operation of the equipment;
• constantly stay at the table and monitor incoming signals and messages;
• if the equipment assigned to him malfunctions, report to the chief of guard (squad commander) and take measures to eliminate it;
• make the necessary notes in a workbook (notepad).

Fireman-radio telephone operator

The firefighter-radio telephone operator working on the ASO switchboard reports to the squad commander and is responsible for turning on the switchboard, connecting telephone lines to the vehicle line panel and connecting subscribers.

He is obliged:

• know the connection diagram, the numbers of combat areas and their telephone numbers, as well as the telephone numbers of the city network used in the fire;
• stay at the switchboard at all times and monitor the ringing signals;
• Having received a call, answer: “Communication vehicle” and then make a connection;
• if the desired subscriber is busy or the line is not working, answer: “Busy” or “The line is not working”;
• Having made a connection, make sure that the subscribers are talking;
• monitor the disconnect signals on the switch;
• in the absence of a conversation, interrogate subscribers with the word “We spoke”, and then, if no response is received, disconnect;
• provide, out of turn, the line to the RTP, the chief of staff and the dispatcher of the garrison (duty unit). When disconnecting subscribers, the latter must be warned (for example: “I am disconnecting by order of the RTP”);
• if the switch malfunctions or there is no response from subscribers, report to the squad commander and take measures to eliminate the malfunction,
• make entries in the hardware log;
• The radiotelephone operator working at the switchboard is responsible for issuing and receiving portable radio stations and keeps an entry in the log of issuing and receiving radio stations.

A radiotelephonist working with a portable radio station is subordinate to the chief of guard (squad commander) and the person at whose disposal he is assigned.

He is obliged:

• establish and maintain contact with radio stations operating during the fire;
• know the call signs of radio stations operating during a fire;
• conduct negotiations in compliance with the rules of radio exchange;
• Have a pencil and notepad for writing.

The radiotelephonist working with the telephone is subordinate to the chief of guard (squad commander) and the person at whose disposal he is assigned, and is responsible for the serviceability of the telephone, the timely establishment and uninterrupted operation of the communication line.

He is obliged:

• after laying the line and turning on the telephone set, check their serviceability and report to the switchboard;
• know the numbers of switch subscribers;
• do not leave the device while waiting for a call signal from the switchboard;
• when called, answer: “The first station (for example, Ivanov’s station) is listening,” and then enter into a conversation;
• conduct negotiations briefly, without unnecessary words and only on issues of an official nature;
• do not allow unauthorized persons to use the telephone;
• when receiving orders by telephone, quickly and accurately transmit them to the addressee;
• immediately notify the radiotelephonist working at the switchboard about the transfer of the device to a new location and the temporary interruption of communication;
• handle the telephone with care and protect it from dust and moisture;
• Have a notepad to write down messages.

Deputy Head of Communications Unit

The deputy head of the communications unit reports to the head of the communications unit.

He is obliged:

• ensure timely preparation of annual, quarterly, monthly production tasks and reports on the repair and production of communications equipment;
• manage the preparation of production, development of technical documentation, logistics, provision of equipment, tools and components;
• carry out constant monitoring of the quality of repairs of communication equipment, manufactured products, their completeness and deadlines;
• introduce new methods and technological processes for repairing and manufacturing communications equipment;
• develop and implement measures for the mechanization of labor-intensive processes and diagnostics of communication equipment;
• exercise control over the correct and rational use of materials, repair kits, electricity, fuel, as well as compliance with safety measures;
• organize accounting of communications equipment at least twice a year;
• in the absence of the head of the communications unit, perform his duties.

Discipline and rules of communication

Radio communication rules:

Messaging involves the transmission and reception of telephone messages, radiograms, telegrams, graphic and text images, signals, commands, etc.

According to the content, messages are divided into operational and service. Operational messages are exchanged on issues related to the management of GPS units and life support services in their combat activities. The exchange of official messages is carried out when establishing and checking communications and when resolving issues of administrative and economic activities of the garrison.

Message exchanges should be brief. Conducting various kinds of private inquiries and private negotiations between subscribers is strictly prohibited.

The list of issues on which messages are exchanged in clear text is determined by the head of the State PS (OGPS).

Establishment of communication is carried out in the following form: “Angara! I am Falcon! Answer”, “Falcon! I'm Angara! Welcome!”.

If it is necessary to transfer messages, the caller, after establishing communication, transmits it in the form: “Angara! I am Falcon! Accept the message” (text follows), “I am Falcon, welcome!”. When a message is received, a response is given in the form: "Falcon! I am Angara” (message text is repeated), I’m Angara, welcome!”.

The operator notifies about the end of the connection with the following words: “End of communication”. The transmission of messages should be carried out slowly, clearly, and clearly. You must speak in a full voice, but do not shout, as shouting disrupts the clarity and precision of the transmission.

In case of poor audibility and unclear words, difficult to pronounce words are transmitted letter by letter, with each letter being transmitted as a separate word according to the following table:

Digital text transmission is carried out according to the following rules:

• two-digit groups 34, 82 are transmitted by voice: thirty-four, eighty-two, etc.;
• three-digit groups 126, 372 – one hundred twenty-six, three hundred seventy-two, etc.;
• four-digit groups 2873, 4594 – twenty-eight seventy-three; forty-five ninety-four, etc.;
• five-digit groups 32481, 76359 – thirty-two four hundred eighty-one; seventy-six three hundred fifty-nine, etc.;

If hearing is poor, each number can be expressed in words: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, zero.

When transmitting from the fire scene, the following sample message texts must be adhered to:

• “I arrived at the place of call. Reconnaissance is underway"
• “It’s burning in the attic of a four-story building. Send an additional ladder.”
• “We arrived at the place of the call, the electrical wires were short-circuited. Send electrical emergency services.”
• “The fire has been extinguished, dismantling is underway”

Communication quality is assessed using a five-point system:

• 5-excellent communication (no interference can be heard, words are legible);
• 4-good connection (interference can be heard, words are legible);
• 3-satisfactory communication (there is a lot of interference, intelligibility is insufficient);
• 2-unsatisfactory communication (the interference is so great that words are difficult to understand);
• 1st appointment is not possible.

If there is no response from the called subscriber to three consecutive calls within 1-2 minutes, the dispatcher (radio telephone operator) is obliged to report to the central control center about the lack of communication.

All radio stations must operate only on their assigned frequency channels. Operation on other frequency channels, with the exception of cases of inclusion in the radio network of life support services, is prohibited.

The call signs of radio stations are assigned by the technical departments (departments) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Main Internal Affairs Directorate, and the Internal Affairs Directorate of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Assigning arbitrary call signs is strictly prohibited.

Before starting a transmission, the radio operator must make sure by listening on the frequency of his transmitter that this frequency is not occupied by other network subscribers.

Only the main radio stations and radio stations operating at the fire site are allowed to interfere with radio exchange between two radio stations, if it is necessary to call additional forces and announce an increased number of the fire.

Checking the passage of radio communications is permitted only by transmitting words of serial counting: “I give you the count to set up: one, two, three, four, five...”. It is prohibited to check the radio communication channel with an elevated call number and through negotiations.

Only persons who have undergone special training and have the appropriate permission from the head of the UGPS (OGPS) are allowed to work at GPS radio stations.

Processing calls and receiving information

Calls are processed in the prescribed manner by the duty dispatcher (radio telephone operator) of the fire department and includes:

• receiving from the applicant and recording information about the fire;
• assessing the information received and making a decision on sending forces and assets to the place of call, provided for by the departure schedule (plan for attracting forces and assets);
• giving an “ALARM” signal;
• preparation and delivery (transfer) to the official in charge of the duty guard or duty shift (hereinafter referred to as the head of the guard), a permit to go to the fire, as well as, if necessary, operational plans (cards) for fire extinguishing and other information about the burning object.

When receiving information from the applicant about a fire, the duty dispatcher must, as far as possible, fully establish:

• address of the fire or other information about the location of the fire;
• the presence and nature of danger to human life and health;
• features of the facility where the fire occurred;
• surname, name, patronymic of the applicant;
• other information (including the applicant’s telephone number) about the fire that may affect the successful completion of the main combat mission.

The “ALARM” signal is sent immediately after the address or other information about the location of the fire has been established and the decision to leave has been made.

The call must be processed in the shortest possible time and not delay departure and travel to the fire site.

If necessary and if technically possible, information about the fire can be transmitted by the dispatcher to the chief of the guard via radio communication while he is moving to the place of the fire.

Automatic fire alarm installations

Purpose, types, general information about the device and principle of operation

Automatic fire alarm systems– are a set of technical fire alarm systems designed (in the event of a fire) to automatically or manually activate the “Fire” signal on the addressable control panel (PKP) by means of automatic or manual addressable fire detectors of the protected premises.

The most important application of fire automatics:

1. Places with mass stay of people.
2. Fire and explosion hazardous industries.
3. Deserted production.
4. Aviation, trains, watercraft.

Device:

• fire detectors;
• receiving stations, receiving and control devices (PKP);
• communication lines (loops);
• power supplies (main, backup);
• sound and light signaling devices.

Main types of fire detectors:

1. Manual action.
2. Automatic:

– (IP 104-1, IP 105-2/1(ITM)) – are designed to issue an alarm when the air temperature rises to the established norm in order to detect a fire and generate an alarm signal on the control panel and fire alarm devices.

Operating principle: when the temperature rises environment above 72ºС the circuit breaks and a signal is sent to the control panel.

– (IDF-1M, IP 212-2 (DIP-2)) – designed to detect fires in rooms when smoke appears and to send a signal to the control panel. The operating principle is based on recording light scattered by smoke particles. They consist of an optical unit and a semiconductor amplifier housed in a housing.

– smoke radioisotope(RID-1, RID-6M) – designed to detect smoke at a controlled object and transmit a signal to the control panel.

– (DIP-1) – designed to detect fires accompanied by smoke or an increase in temperature in enclosed spaces climatic conditions which correspond to the operating conditions of the detector.

ultrasonic– are triggered when the ultrasonic field of the protected premises changes under the influence of fire.

– volumetric– triggered when the volume in the protected area changes.

Safety precautions when working with communications and fire alarms

The design of fire alarms should be carried out taking into account the possibility of meeting safety requirements during installation, commissioning, acceptance and operation of the installation, which are set out in the current regulatory and technical documentation for this type of installation.

Grounding and grounding of instruments and equipment of installations must be carried out in accordance with the PUE and comply with the requirements of technical documentation for the equipment.

Fire alarms may be subject to additional safety requirements, taking into account the conditions of their use.

Places where testing and repair work are carried out must be equipped with warning signs with the meaning “Caution! Other dangers” according to GOST 12.4.026 and the explanatory inscription “Tests in progress!” or “Repair”, and are also provided with instructions and safety rules. About the beginning and end of tests and repair work must be reported to the fire station of the facility or to the territorial authorities of the State Fire Service.

Before putting into operation, the fire alarm must be run-in for at least 1 month. In this case, all cases of fire alarm activation or automatic start-up control of the installation must be recorded by an automatic recording device or in a special log book by personnel on duty (with a 24-hour presence) with subsequent analysis of their causes. If there are no false alarms or other violations during this time, the installation is switched to automatic operation mode. If failures continue to occur during the specified period, the installation must be re-adjusted and inspected.

Signal intercom devices

Purpose, structure, operating and maintenance rules (using the example of Motorolla, TAKT 701, TON-16).

Tactical and technical characteristics of radio stations

Radio Motorola P 040

Description:

Unlike any other type of communication, radio communication allows you to quickly contact both individual users and entire groups of subscribers. This is the power of two-way radio. P-series radios provide critical communications functions while being easy to operate and cost-effective.

Peculiarities:

16 channels (from 01.08.02)
2 programmable keys

Equipment:

1. Transceiver.
2. Battery.
3. Belt clip.
4. Antenna.
5. Technical description

Functions:

Signaling

P-series radios support Motorola's Private Line™ signaling system. By filtering calls that do not belong to your group, several groups of subscribers can work on the same frequency channel without interfering with each other.

Speech compression X-Pand and Low Level Expand

This technology includes a Compander Late Noise Reduction (LLE) system, which explains the high quality. This results in increased radio range by reducing noise.

Mode of working with headphones and microphones, in which, thanks to VOX, your hands are not busy.

Selecting the transmit power level

The user of the Motorola P040 radio can select the power level:

Low power – to increase operating time on a single battery charge;

High power – to increase the radio range.

Talk timer

This important feature limits talk time and therefore prevents long-term use of the communication channel by one user.

Programmable frequency grid

Provides quick and easy transition to another step of the frequency grid when working in different systems.

Compact and robust design

The radio is compact, durable and easy to use. P-series radios meet US military standards for use in harsh environments, as well as IP54 specifications for use in rain and dust conditions.

Explosion protection according to FM standard

P-series radios have been certified to Facktory Mutual for use in hazardous areas.

Expanding capabilities with additional function boards

You can expand the capabilities of your P-series radio by installing one of the following feature cards:

• SmarTrunk II for simple trunking;
• Transcrypt encryption to ensure message confidentiality.

Direct communication mode without repeater

If you are using a repeater, the direct link feature allows you to switch to local link mode, if necessary, with the press of a single button.

Scanning

P-series radios support a scan mode, which allows you to automatically monitor calls within your group that occur on different frequency channels.

Busy channel blocking

This feature prevents users from interrupting the conversation.

Portable radio station TACT 701

Portable tactical radio stations TACT-701 P23 #22 and TACT-701 P45 #22 are new models of TACT-701 radio stations for professional use, which have many standard functions and new capabilities. The radios have an output power of 5 W and operate in the extended VHF or VHF frequency range. They are lightweight, highly reliable, compact and easy to handle. All operating modes of the radio station are displayed through LED indication and sound signaling. The battery discharge status is assessed by pressing a specially programmed button, through an audio message about the discharge level with a four-digit level gradation. In case of deep discharge of the battery, the LED indicator flashes red every 30 seconds. A triple warning beep sounds indicating the need to charge it urgently. Selecting one of 16 programmable channels is accomplished by simply rotating the channel selector knob.

When the “channel notification” function is activated, a voice confirmation in Russian of the current channel number sounds. The message appears when the radio is turned on and when changing channels.

It is possible to remotely block and unlock radio stations. Radio stations are programmed using specialized software TACE.464511.003 software. The software runs under Windows OS.

Design reliability

New materials have been used and design features, guaranteeing high reliability and durability.

The radio body is made of specialized ABS plastic of increased strength, and the rigid cast frame-chassis is made of aluminum. A reliable battery fastening mechanism is used.

User Information

Radio stations have various built-in functions and modes: “automatic scanning”; “monitor” – for listening to the channel without noise reduction; “VOX” – for automatic switching on to voice transmission; “lone worker” – for manual confirmation of being in touch based on an automatic request; “whisper” – for transmission with normal quality of messages spoken in a quiet voice; built-in speech compander to improve transmission quality; built-in inverse type scrambler; sensor “fall of a person - horizontal position of the radio station” (optional); three programmable function buttons; built-in electronic serial number(ESN); 3-stage low power mode setting; switchable frequency grid step. When you press the programmed Call 1 / Call 2 button, a pre-stored DTMF code, 2/5-tone or HDC1200 / HDC2400 compatible code is transmitted. It is possible to select the “emergency call” function, in this case, when you press a certain button, depending on the programmed functions, a siren signal sounds, an emergency identification number (ENI) is sent over the air to a specific number in the system, and the listening mode for the surrounding environment is activated. The “Talk around” function allows you to quickly switch to transmission on the receiving frequency to establish communication in simplex mode. Each radio station is supplied with a charger and a Li-Ion battery with a capacity of 2100 mAh. designed to operate at temperatures down to -30°C. The operating time of the radio station is up to 15 hours (operating mode: reception: transmission: standby 5:5:90).

Extension

Modification of radios with an internal connector allows the installation of additional boards that expand their functionality. Thus, the use of specialized scramblers from various manufacturers in radio stations, for example, UPR 04ХК100 (04ХК200), allows you to completely block speech information transmitted over a radio communication channel.

Signaling

The radios have built-in CTCSS (tone squelch), DTCS (code squelch), 2/5 tone encoders/decoders and are compatible with HDC1200/HDC2400 systems.

Automatic fire detection and extinguishing systems include:

• automatic fire alarm installations (AUPS), designed to detect a fire in its initial stage, report the location of its occurrence, and send an appropriate signal to the security post (duty post);
• automatic fire extinguishing systems (LUP), designed for automatic detection and extinguishing of fire in its initial stage with simultaneous giving of a fire alarm signal.

The current practice of designing LUP and AUPS is such that the AUPS simultaneously perform the functions of AUPS. AUP and AUPS systems protect buildings, premises in which flammable and combustible substances are stored or used, valuable equipment and raw materials, warehouses for petroleum products, varnishes, paints, book depositories, museums, premises with electronic computer technology and etc.

Sensors that respond to fire factors (fire, smoke, gas, increased air temperature, increased rate of growth of any factor, etc.) in AUP and AUPS systems are fire detectors (FD), which are installed in the premises to be protected. In the event of a fire, they send a signal to the fire alarm control panel, control devices, as well as to the fire brigade post (or to the duty personnel post), where they inform about the situation, indicating the room, zone where the fire alarm was triggered.

When two or more PIs are triggered simultaneously (and they are usually placed in each room at least two), the control devices, depending on the program embedded in them: turn on the warning system and control the evacuation of people in case of fire, turn off the power supply to process equipment, turn on smoke removal systems , close the doors of the room where the fire that has arisen is supposed to be extinguished with gas fire extinguishing agent, and at the same time delay the release of the fire extinguishing agent for the time during which people must leave the corresponding room; if necessary, turn off ventilation; in the event of a power failure, the system is switched to a backup power source, a command is given to release the fire extinguishing agent into the combustion zone, etc.

The choice of one or another type of PI depends on the predominant type of fire factors occurring (smoke, flame, etc.). For example, in accordance with "SP 5.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules", approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated March 25, 2009 No. 175, industrial buildings containing wood, synthetic resins or fibers, polymer materials, textile, rubber products, protect PI with smoke, heat, flame; premises with computer equipment, radio equipment, administrative and public buildings - smoke detectors, etc.

In Fig. Figure 34.1 shows one of the schemes for automatic fire detection and extinguishing. If a fire occurs in one of the premises, after two or more fire alarm sensors are triggered 2, the signal from them is sent to the control panel 1. This device sends a signal to the fire department (fire brigade post), turns on the warning lights 14 "Fire" located outside and inside the building, and the pump 6 water fire extinguishing or detonates squibs 8 system start-up gas fire extinguishing. In addition, the automated workplace program can provide for simultaneous de-energization of process equipment through a disconnecting unit 10, turning on the warning lights 12 "Do not enter" signs installed outside the building and warning lights 13 "Go away" installed indoors.

In some cases, the program can also delay the release of gas until all doors are completely closed, when a high extinguishing concentration is required. In this case, the doors close automatically, and their position is controlled by sensors 4. If necessary, the fire warning and extinguishing system can be turned on manually by pressing one of the buttons 3. If a malfunction occurs in the automation system, a corresponding signal is sent to the fire brigade post. When disconnected automatic mode sirens light up 11 "Automation disabled" located in the protected area.

All automatic fire extinguishing installations can be activated manually and automatically. In addition, they simultaneously perform the functions of an automatic fire alarm.

Automatic fire extinguishing installations are divided according to their design into: sprinkler, deluge, sprinkler-deluge, modular; by type of used fire extinguishing agent– on water (including with finely sprayed water, drops - up to 100 microns), foam (including high-expansion foam), gas (using carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, various refrigerants, etc.), powder (modular), aerosol, combined fire extinguishing.

In Fig. Figure 34.2 shows a diagram of a fire sprinkler installation as an example. It consists of a branched system of pipes 7 located under the ceiling and filled with water under pressure created by an automatic (auxiliary) water feeder 4. Sprinklers are screwed into the pipes every 3–4 m. 8, the outlet openings of which are closed with glass or metal fusible locks. If a fire occurs and the air temperature in the room reaches a certain value (for various sprinklers this is 57, 68, 72, 74 and up to 343 ° C (16 stages in total)), the locks are destroyed and water, spraying, enters the combustion zone. The rated response temperature of sprinklers is usually higher than the maximum permissible operating temperature indoors approximately 1.5–1.14 times. Sprinkler automatic control systems with forced start are also used. In this case, control and alarm valve 5 is activated, the main water feeder is turned on 2 (pump) that draws water from a water source 1 (main tank or fire water supply) and a fire alarm is sounded.

Rice. 34.1.

СО1, СО2, СО3, СО1 – light alarm loops; 30 – sound warning loop; ShS1, ShS2, ShS3 – fire alarm sensor loops (PI); MANUAL – loop of manual start buttons; DS – door position control loop; AWS – automated operator workstation; 1 – fire alarm control panel; 2 – fire detectors (PI); 3 – manual fire extinguishing start buttons; 4 – door position sensors; 5 – water sprayers; 6 – water pump; 7 – fire extinguishing gas sprayers; 8 – gas start-up squibs; 9 – unit for disconnecting technological equipment from the network; 10 – sound fire alarm; 11, 12, 13, 14 – warning lights

When protecting unheated buildings where there is a danger of water freezing, sprinkler installations of a water-air system are used, filled with water only up to the control and alarm valves, after which there is compressed air in the pipelines with sprinklers. When the heads are opened, air first comes out, and then water begins to flow.

Rice. 34.2.

1 – water sources: 2 – main water feeder; 3 – auxiliary water feeder make-up pipeline; 4 – auxiliary water feeder; 5 – control and alarm valve; 6 – signaling device; 7 – distribution pipelines; 8 – sprinkler

Drenchers of deluge installations, unlike sprinklers, do not have fusible locks, and their outlets are constantly open, and the water supply network itself is closed by a group-action valve, which opens automatically from a signal from fire detectors.

Sprinkler systems irrigate only that part of the room in which the sprinklers are opened, and deluge systems irrigate the entire design part at once. These installations are used not only for fire extinguishing, but also as water curtains for fire protection building structures, equipment, raw materials. The estimated irrigation area with one sprinkler or deluge type water sprinkler ranges from 6 to 36 m2, depending on their design and the diameter of the bore.

Sprinkler and deluge installations can also use a foam-forming solution as a fire extinguishing agent. Mixed sprinkler and deluge systems are also used.

Power supply to fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations must be carried out according to reliability category I (according to the PUE). That is, in the event of a power outage, the AUP and AUPS systems must be automatically transferred to backup power. The delay time is no more than the automatic switching time.

SP 5.13130.2009 defines the list of buildings and structures, individual equipment that are subject to protection by AUP and AUPS (Table 34.7). For example, buildings for public and administrative purposes, premises for personal computers are protected by AUPS regardless of their area, industrial premises with availability alkali metals when placed in ground floor with an area of ​​300 m2 or more - AUP, less than 300 m2 - AUPS, painting booths using flammable liquids and flammable liquids - AUP, regardless of the area.

The type of fire extinguishing and alarm installation or their combination, the extinguishing method, and the type of fire protection equipment are determined by the design organization specifically for each facility individually. This organization must have the appropriate license to design, install and maintain such systems. The register of such organizations is maintained by the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations. After the fire automatics installations are put into operation, the head of the organization, by his order (instruction), appoints persons responsible for their operation (usually these are employees of the departments of the chief mechanic, chief power engineer, instrumentation and automation service).

Daily round-the-clock monitoring of the operation of the automatic fire control and fire control system is carried out by operational duty personnel (shift service, fire station), who must know the procedure for calling the fire department, the name and location of the protected fire automatics(AUP, AUPS) premises, the procedure for maintaining operational documentation and determining the operability of these systems.

The performance of automatic fire alarm systems is checked by exposing reusable detectors to exemplary (standardized) sources of heat, smoke and radiation (depending on the type of detector).

Table 34.7

List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to protection by AUP and AUPS

For installations with single-action detectors, testing is carried out by introducing an artificial damage (break) performed in the most remote distribution or branch box that has screw-in mounting terminals, or by disconnecting the most remote detector from the loop line.

The operability of automatic fire extinguishing installations is checked by visual inspection of control and measuring instruments and assessment of the serviceability of individual components or by checking the operability of the installation as a whole, which is carried out according to a specially developed program agreed with the State Fire Supervision Authority. Inspections are carried out at least once a quarter. Their results are documented in an appropriate act.

Fire communications and alarms are organized to quickly and accurately receive fire messages, call additional forces in a timely manner, maintain contact with units on the way and at the site of the fire, communicate between units at the fire, transmit information to officials about the progress of fire extinguishing, for everyday operational communications between departments and officials.

Central point fire communications connects to the city automatic telephone exchange (ATS) using special lines.

Fire alarm systems are used to detect and notify the location of a fire. A combined fire and security alarm system performs the functions of protecting objects from unauthorized persons and a fire alarm system.

The main elements of fire security and fire alarm systems: fire detectors, receiving stations, communication lines, power supplies, sound or light signaling devices (Fig. 15.2).

Based on the method of connecting detectors to the receiving station, a distinction is made between beam (radial) and loop (ring) systems (Fig. 15.3).

Rice. 15.2. Fire alarm installation diagram

Rice. 15.3 Diagram of electrical fire alarm systems:

A- radial (radial); b- loop (ring); 1 - detectors - sensors; 2 - receiving station; 3 - battery backup power supply; 4 - mains power supply; 5 - system for switching from one power supply to another; 6 - wiring

Fire detectors can be automatic or manual. Depending on the fire detector response parameter, they are: thermal, smoke, light, combined, ultrasonic and manual.

Heat detectors triggered when the ambient temperature rises, smoke - when smoke appears, light - in the presence of an open fire, combined - when the temperature rises and smoke appears, ultrasonic - when the ultrasonic field changes under the influence of fire, manual - when turned on manually.

According to their design, fire detectors are of normal design, explosion-proof, spark-proof, and sealed. According to the principle of operation, they are divided into maximum, triggered at a certain value of the absolute value of the controlled parameter, and differential, reacting only to the rate of change of the parameter and triggered at a certain value.

Fire detectors are characterized by sensitivity, inertia, coverage area, noise immunity, and design.

Automatic fire detectors send signals based on various principles of electrical circuit closure (changes in the electrical conductivity of bodies, contact potential differences, ferromagnetic properties of materials, changes in the linear dimensions of solids, physical parameters of liquids, gases, etc.).

Differential action heat detectors of the DPS-OZ type operate on the principle of different increases in thermo-EMF in blackened and silvered layers of thermocouples. They are triggered by a rapid increase in temperature (at a speed of 30 o/s), have a calculated service area of ​​up to 30 m2 and can be used in explosive areas.

For signaling from manual and heat detectors, receiving stations of the TLO-30/2M type (alarm, beam, optical) with 30 beams are used with a radial connection scheme of detectors of the PIKL-7 type with the station.

The performance of multiple-action heat detectors is checked at least once a year with a portable heat source (150 W electric lamp with a reflector). The detector is operational if it is triggered no later than 3 minutes from the moment a heat source is brought to it.

Smoke detectors are divided into photoelectric and ionization. Photoelectric detectors (IDF-1M, DIP-1) operate on the principle of scattering thermal radiation by smoke particles. Ionization - use the effect of weakening the ionization of the air interelectrode gap by smoke.

For example, a smoke alarm fire installation type SDPU-1 is designed to detect smoke with subsequent supply of light and sound signals and control of external electrical circuits automatic devices fire extinguishing It is designed for 10 beams of the electrical network with 10 detectors connected to each beam. The 220 V network is insured by power from a battery.

Combined thermal and smoke detectors have a sensitive element in the form of an ionization chamber (to respond to smoke) and thermistors (to respond to heat). Operation temperature 50-80 o C. Estimated service area 100 m 2.

Smoke and combination detectors are checked at least once a month using portable smoke and heat sources. The detector response time is no more than 10 s. They are installed in rooms free of dust, acid and alkali fumes.

Light detectors use the photoelectric effect to detect fire, i.e. conversion of light energy into electrical energy. In the premises where such detectors are installed, there should be no sources of ultraviolet and radioactive radiation, open flames, operating welding machines and so on. Light detectors are checked with the flame of a candle or match.

An ultrasonic detector (for example, Ficus-MP) is designed to spatially detect a fire and generate an alarm signal. Such detectors are inertia-free and serve large area(up to 1000 m2), but expensive and have the possibility of false alarms.

Thermal and light - in rooms with equipment and pipelines for pumping, production and storage of varnishes, paints, solvents, flammable liquids, flammable liquids, for testing internal combustion engines and fuel equipment, filling cylinders with flammable gases.

Smoke - in rooms for electronic computer equipment, electronic regulators, automatic telephone exchange control machines, radio equipment.

Thermal and smoke - installed in places where cables are laid, in rooms for transformers, distribution and switchboard devices of enterprises servicing automobiles, in which products made of wood, synthetic resins and fibers, polymeric materials, celluloid, rubber, textile materials, etc. are produced and stored. P.

The fastest and most reliable way to notify about a fire is an electric fire alarm (EFS).

EPS consists of the following basic parts: detectors installed in workshops, departments, warehouses, etc.; a receiving station located in the fire brigade duty room and an electrical network connecting detectors (manual or automatic) installed at the facilities with the receiving station.

Taking into account the dependence on the circuit of connecting the detectors to the receiving station, the EPS should be beam (radial) or loop (ring).

IN ray In the EPS system (Figure 5 a), each detector 1 is connected to the receiving station 2 by two wires 6, forming a separate beam.

Figure 5. Diagram of the design of EPS systems:

1 - detectors-sensors; 2 - receiving station; 3 - backup power supply; 4 - mains power supply; 5 - system for switching from one power supply to another; 6 – wires.

When the button of one of these manual call points is pressed or an automatic call point is triggered, a signal appears at the receiving station indicating the beam number, ᴛ.ᴇ. place of fire. The operating principle of the receiving apparatus is similar to a telephone switch.

IN loopback EPS system (Figure 5 b) all detectors 1 are connected to the receiving station 2 in series with one common wire 6. When the detector is triggered, in addition to the sound or light alarm, the detector number, time and date of receipt of the signal and The alarm signal is automatically transmitted to the central station. If a fault occurs in the network, it is marked at the station with a special signal. IN Lately Fire alarm systems with manual call points are finding less and less use, and due to low reliability, the production of EPS loop systems has ceased.

The EPS of an enterprise or a separate area operates from manual and automatic call points and is automatically connected with the city EPS. The most common detectors of the radial system are detectors of the type PTIM (automatic heat detector of maximum action), MDPI-028 (maximum differential fire detector), PKIL-9 (push-button fire detector of the radial), etc.

Sensitive elements There are automatic detectors: thermal - they react to an increase in temperature (thermal detectors); light - react to open fire (sparks, flames) and smoke - react to the appearance of smoke.

Thermal detectors according to the principle of action they are divided into: maximum, triggered when the controlled parameter (temperature, radiation) reaches a certain value; differential, responding to the rate of change of the controlled parameter; maximum-differential, reacting both to the achievement of a given value by the controlled parameter and to the rate of its change. Thermal detectors, which, after being triggered and the normal temperature has been established, return to their original position without outside intervention, are called self-healing.

Due to the simplicity of the design, the thermal low-fusibility detector (sensor) - DTL (Figure 6 b) has become widespread. An alloy with a melting point of 72 o C is used as a sensitive element, which connects two spring plates. As the temperature rises, the alloy melts, and the spring plates, opening, turn on the alarm circuit.

Figure 6. Detectors

a, b - hot-melt detectors; c - ATIM thermal detector: 1 - bimetallic plate; 2 - base; 3 - rod; 4 - contact screw.

To instantly receive an alarm signal at the very beginning of a fire, a flash of flame, smoke, etc. Currently, low-intensity detectors with photocells, photon counters, ionization chambers, etc. are used.

For example, in detectors of the SI-1 type, which respond to ultraviolet rays of an open flame, semiconductor photocells are used. It is important to note that to trigger such detectors, the appearance of an electric spark or the flame of a match is sufficient. They are not triggered by lighting lamps, but must be protected from direct sunlight.

Smoke detectors are based on the use of photoelectric and ionization sensors.

Today, new fire detectors of the DIP type (DIP-1, DIP-2) are used, designed for detecting smoke, operating on the principle of recording light reflected from smoke particles by a photodetector, and radioisotope smoke detectors of the RID type (RID-1, RID-6M), which have an ionization chamber as a sensitive element.