List of fire extinguishing means. Extinguishing media: their classification and application. Fire extinguishing properties of water
It is not recommended to install electric heaters near combustible objects. It is forbidden to overload the power grid, to leave switched on electrical appliances unattended; when repairing the latter, they should be disconnected from the network.
The most fire and explosive household appliances are TVs, gas stoves, water heaters and others. Their operation must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of instructions and manuals.
When representatives detect fire, they simply run out to rescue them and call the fire station for help, but it may take more than 8 minutes to stop firing initially. Unfortunately, the fire causes many damages for the reasons below.
The problem with the old type of fire extinguishers. It generally contains heavy weight, which if the user needs to close at least 5 meters or about 6 feet in a firebase, and to supply a chemical to extinguish the fire, it is not enough for the user and is not safe for the user due to his heavy weight... In addition, the supply fire extinguishing tank must be used up to 16 seconds at the base of the fire to release all the chemical that the fire can truly spread quickly.
If you smell gas, you must immediately turn off its supply and ventilate the room; at the same time, it is strictly forbidden to turn on lighting, smoke, light matches, candles. To avoid gas poisoning, remove from the room all people who are not involved in the elimination of the malfunction. gas stove and a gas pipeline.
Young children should not be left unattended, allowed to play with matches, turn on electric heaters and light gas.
If the fire ignites, the victim does not have enough time to survive. There are 3 stages of fire ignition. Start by igniting for the first 4 minutes, which can be extinguished with a fire extinguisher, but the user must take a fire fighting course for the most effective, which truly the seeker is afraid of fire and does not dare to enter and extinguish it due to 100 degrees Celsius.
After the first 4 - 8 minutes, the air temperature exceeds 400 degrees Celsius. Conventional fire extinguishers should be used by highly trained professionals and a sufficient number of extinguishers should be used, but the fire should be extinguished with a high quality fire extinguisher for the most effective and safe use... At this stage, the seeker may get scared at this stage and run away.
It is forbidden to obstruct access roads to buildings, access to fire hydrants, lock the doors of common hallways in apartment buildings, make easily destructible partitions and balcony hatches with heavy objects, close the openings of the air zone of non-smoke-free staircases. It is necessary to monitor the health of funds fire automatics and keep fire detectors, smoke exhaust systems and fire extinguishing equipment in good working order.
Fire trucks are designed for
At this stage, the firefighter must be trained and tested and have sufficient equipment to extinguish the fire. The weight of a new fire extinguishing device should be light so that you can use it on instinct and extinguish fire quickly and easily, as well as for users who do not need any preparation. Users of the new extinguishing device will have to distance themselves from the base fire of more than 6 feet to avoid high temperatures in excess of 400 degrees. When the fire is more than 4-8 minutes, you should let the fire extinguisher work automatically without someone taking control of the traditional fire extinguishers. It will sound when a new fire extinguishing device, working to alert the populations in an incident, is known to be on fire. New type fire extinguishing devices must be able to automatically track the fire to prevent electrical shock. Or at a time when people are neglecting when incense or candles pay respect to Buddha or God and inflict fire. The new type of fire extinguishing will immediately extinguish the fire. They will know about themselves and run away to survive from the fire. ... As long as there is a fire, there is no alarm that this is a quiet tragedy.
· Actions in case of fire.
In the event of a fire, it is necessary to urgently leave the building using the main and emergency (fire) exits or stairs (it is dangerous to use the elevators), and call the fire brigade as soon as possible, inform the full name, address and what is on fire.
At the initial stage of the development of a fire, you can try to extinguish it using all available fire-fighting equipment(fire extinguishers, internal fire hydrants, blankets, sand, water, etc.). It must be remembered that fires on power supply elements cannot be extinguished with water. You must first turn off the voltage or cut the wire with an ax with a dry wooden handle... If all efforts were in vain, and the fire spread, an urgent need to leave the building (evacuate). When smoke is present in the stairwells, close the doors opening onto them tightly, and if a dangerous concentration of smoke forms and the temperature rises in the room (room), move to the balcony, taking with you a wet blanket (carpet, other dense fabric) in order to hide from the fire in in case of its penetration through door and window openings; close the door behind you. Evacuation should be continued up the fire escape or through another apartment if there is no fire, using tightly tied sheets, curtains, ropes, or a fire hose. It is necessary to go down one by one, insuring each other. Such self-rescue is associated with a risk to life and is permissible only when there is no other way out. You cannot jump from the windows (balconies) of the upper floors of buildings, as statistics show that this ends in death or serious injury.
The fire will be presented after 4 minutes of burning. At first glance, the chef did not dare to reach the fire base 6 feet high to extinguish, then the fire was not extinguished by the chef and he just ran away and then threw the fire extinguishing tank into the fire, believing it might be activated. to extinguish the fire itself, and then call to the fire station. When came fire engine They just couldn't start putting out and wait for them to be cut out by the local government, because if they use water to put out a fire, it will be the firefighter's leader in electricity.
When rescuing victims from a burning building, before entering there, cover your head with a wet blanket (coat, raincoat, piece of thick cloth). Open the door to a smoky room carefully to avoid a flash of flame from a rapid inflow. fresh air... In a heavily smoky room, crawl or crouch down, breathe through a damp cloth. If the victim's clothing becomes hot, throw a blanket (coat, raincoat) over him and press firmly to stop the flow of air. When rescuing victims, take precautions against possible collapse, collapse and other hazards. After taking out the victim, give him first aid and send him to the nearest medical center.
Moreover, there was no alarm for the residents. For this reason, the fire burned for more than 8 minutes and became a tragedy. The fire spread almighty and quickly in every direction, and the inhabitants must survive by fleeing the fire. Of this damage, 94 people died and properties were burned. From the report, the Thai government will be in charge of this problem to protect and solve this problem. In general, an insignificant cause of fire is that the seeker cannot extinguish the fire at first glance at the initial stage, that they have to wait for a fire fight, which takes more than 8 minutes, and the fire becomes more and more, because a conventional fire extinguisher does not can be used for any reason.
For a quick response, mobile brigades fire department .
Protection directly from fire is divided into protection of a person from high temperature , and, which is often more dangerous - hazardous factors in fire, one of which is carbon monoxide. Use thermo-insulating clothing BOP(firefighter's combat clothing), insulating gas masks and compressed air devices, air-filtering hoods like gas masks.
Because of this failure, a new innovative fire extinguisher invention is created to support the first fire extinguisher device to extinguish the fire without any problem, to save itself from heat and fire. Problems fire alarm old type.
The spraying and smoke detector should work effectively with a new building from the first 5 years, and Maintenance must be in trouble for owner and residents. For example, a sprinkler system should be checked and tested with a water flowing system to keep out deposits, crevices and dirty moss.
The most important means of protecting a person from dangerous factors fire are planning solutions buildings... Escape routes should be illuminated through openings in external enclosing structures. Glazing in these openings should be made of easily disposable materials. On stairs that do not have natural light, an air supply to the staircase must be provided. In the case of long corridors without natural lighting, it is necessary to organize smoke exhaust from the escape routes. The smoke exhaust and air pressurization systems must be triggered by the fire alarm system.
Varieties of fire extinguishing systems
To test the system, all objects and devices must be stored or moved before checking the water supply. For this reason, the owner avoids testing. For fire detectors, wires must be installed throughout the building and must be checked after 5 years as the wire can be damaged by insects and rats. Moreover, if the system needs to be fixed or replaced, the owner has to spend a lot of money on it. From the causes and further problems associated with the spread of urbanized areas, in anticipation of an increase in the number of citizens, there are many slums.
Fireproof safes are used to protect valuables and documents from fire.
Extinguishing media and rules for their use.
The fire is merciless, but people prepared for it natural disaster those who have even basic fire extinguishing means at hand are the winners in the fight against it.
Extinguishing media are subdivided into helpers(sand, water, bedspread, blanket, etc.) and official(fire extinguisher, ax, hook, bucket). Let's consider the most common of them fire extinguishers, and also give the basic rules for their handling and use when extinguishing fires.
Due to the fire in the past, using the fire extinguishing tank to extinguish the fire, generally, the user is afraid and does not dare to reach the base of the fire, just need to leave only, finally, they can not extinguish the fire. Fire is the rapid oxidation of a combustible material that gives off heat, light, and various reaction products such as carbon dioxide and water. If it is hot enough, the gases can become ionized to produce plasma. Depending on what substances ignited and any impurities outside, the color of the flame and the intensity of the fire may differ.
Fire extinguishers- technical devices designed to extinguish fires at the initial stage of their occurrence.
Foam fire extinguishers... Designed for extinguishing fires with fire extinguishing foams: chemical (OHP fire extinguishers) or mechanical air (ORP fire extinguishers). They are not used for extinguishing various substances and materials burning without access to air, and electrical installations under voltage.
Fire in its most common form can lead to a fire that can cause physical damage when burning and can sometimes lead to a phase change in the affected mass if the temperature of the flame is hot enough and will decay if the throne catches fire.
This means that the fire must be cut out of the chain reaction. Purpose # 1, Change the invention. Fireballs for commercial development and trademark design. And complement the disadvantages of the sprinkler and smoke detector... A unique experiment sent the invention to the invention at the global labor competition in various countries. And found that the invention of the fireball. Industrial fire fighting and preventive industry perspective. ... The fire protection system contains a fire protection device and a fire protection device.
To activate the OHP fire extinguisher, it is necessary to: bring the fire extinguisher to the hearth of the fire; lift the handle and throw it over to failure; turn the fire extinguisher upside down and shake; direct the jet towards the ignition source.
The disadvantages of foam fire extinguishers include a narrow temperature range of use (from + 5 to + 45 o C), high corrosiveness of the charge; the possibility of damage to the extinguishing object, the need for annual recharge.
One block covers and contains fires within 12 m3 - the working effective radius is 296 meters, and for 2 units it can cover and contain fires within a radius of 24 m3 or about 592 radius. Effective at 360 degrees. The elide fireball is set over the risk zone 5 meters or about 6 feet. If a fire has occurred, it can be activated before the fire reaches the ceiling. In addition, after activation, the disassembled chemicals can be processed under the tree and poured out with water to grow the tree as manure.
Willingness to become an exclusive distributor in every country. Focused on developing new technologies for the sale of individual consumers or households, offices, construction of large, tall buildings, hotels, maritime, cruise, government buildings, government offices. Provided as an exclusive distributor. Can you manage the marketing system in this country. Emphasis on an agreement of at least three years. This piece is part of the opportunity to help humanity. an important opportunity to bring Thai products.
TO primary fire extinguishing equipment include mobile and portable fire extinguishers, bedspreads made from natural fabrics. As a material for bedspreads, you can use felt, felt, asbestos cloth... In addition to sand, other powder can be poured into the box: for example, perlite or just earth. Sand boxes are usually placed near areas where flammable liquids may spill.
The municipal government must provide the community with Thai people. Will be considered a standard in fire protection... Replace the old type of bag. Also play a role in changing attitudes towards the idea of more fire extinguishers. Go-to-market planning and domestic distribution. Editor's Note: John Taluba is an Emergency Management Consultant.
It's hard to imagine that a simple decision about whether to extinguish a small fire or just evacuate the fire compartment in a medical facility would generate widespread controversy. It is widely known in the healthcare profession that large fuel tanks and electrical transformer-related fires should only be extinguished by trained firefighters. However, if the fire is a small fire in a dustbin and can be easily extinguished by a trained health worker? In this decision, most medical institutions is torn apart.
Fire extinguishers can be placed in cabinets or cabinets, which must be clearly classified by type and outward appearance for quick access of personnel to them. Fire extinguishers which are defective and unsuitable for use must be replaced immediately by a serviceable one. Primary extinguishing media allowed to be used in the elimination of the consequences of man-made and natural disasters.
Technical characteristics of some of them
In order to fully understand the discussion, there are some important aspects to consider first. Most important aspect- the one that even most of the experts in fire safety know very little. That is, knowing what safety and health risks are being exploited by a fire extinguisher, for all parties involved, depending on the fire extinguisher, time and location.
When asked, various fire safety experts could not tell what the health effects were. Dry chemical fire extinguishers isolate Class A fires by melting at approximately 350-400 degrees. Many fire safety professionals will simply scan a topic because they don't understand it, or worse, believe they are doing and give out the wrong information. This was a very shocking and incorrect statement from a firefighter with no formal medical training.
Choosing a fire extinguisher in relation to the type of object
The type and area of the room or object determines which types of fire extinguishers, which are the primary means of extinguishing a fire, can be used on them. Portable ones have a mass of no more than 20 kg, mobile ones are installed on special trolleys, since they can have several containers with fire extinguishing agents.
A case study from the European Journal of Trauma looked at the outcome of a patient who inhaled dry chemical fire extinguishers into their lungs during a car accident and in a fire. It explains that the extinguishing powder in this case interferes with the exchange of oxygen in the lungs, which leads to hypoxia. Extended, severe hypoxia causes the body to build up lactic acid, leading to cardiac arrest. Another possible reason death by dry powder fire extinguishers is an acute respiratory distress syndrome where powder causes the lungs to accumulate in fluid.
According to the type of applied extinguishing agent there are water, powder and foam extinguishers. Foam fire extinguishers are subdivided into air and chemical foam. Gas fire extinguishers are also used, which are subdivided into carbon dioxide, freon and combined.
Based on the type of extinguishing agent displacement, fire extinguishers are classified into several types: injection, equipped with a liquefied cylinder or compressed gas, with a gas generating and thermal element, with an injector. By the type of working pressure, there are low (2.5 MPa) and high (over 2.5 MPa) pressure fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers complete set by types of extinguishing substances are different: for extinguishing combustible substances in solid form (class A); flammable liquids (class B), gases capable of burning (class C), metals and substances containing metals (class D), electrical installations (class E). There are fire extinguishers of combined multifunctional action, rechargeable and single use.
Fire extinguishing powder can be of the ABCE type (the active ingredient is phosphorus-ammonium salts), ALL (the main substances are sodium or potassium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate or chloride, an alloy of urea with carbonic acid salts), for extinguishing a fire belonging to class D (graphite, chloride potassium).
V gas fire extinguishers non-combustible gas is a working substance (mainly carbon dioxide) or can be filled with halocarbon compounds such as freon, bromoethyl. The most popular is carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.
Type selection and calculation of the required number of fire extinguishers at the facility (indoors) is carried out in accordance with Appendices 1 and 2 of the Rules fire regime v Russian Federation(hereinafter PPR), for convenience I suggest using the calculator of fire extinguishers located on the main page of our site.
Required quantity fire shields for buildings, structures, structures and territories is determined in accordance with Appendix No. 5 PPR, and their completion with non-mechanized firefighting tools and equipment is carried out in accordance with Appendix No. 6 PPR.
When providing facilities primary fire extinguishing equipment it is necessary to be guided by the requirements of Chapter XIX of the PPR.
When choosing the type of fire extinguishers, it is necessary to proceed not only from the standpoint of efficiency but also economic feasibility in the heading "PB economics" we will try to figure out how to find the golden mean between efficiency and cost of fire extinguishers offered on the market today.
Main areas of application for primary extinguishing agents
The simplest and most economical fire extinguishing agent is water. It not only extinguishes the fire in the fire, but also moisturizes the surfaces of other objects, thus preventing their ignition. The main functional ability of water is to cool the burning surface. But when extinguishing ignition source electrical networks, it is strictly prohibited to use it, as it can cause short circuit... If there is a possibility of a power outage, the water can also be used to extinguish fires on ignited power lines and equipment powered by the mains.
Gasoline, kerosene, oils and other combustible substances that have less specific gravity than water due to the fact that they float up and, continuing to burn, increase the area combustion center... Therefore, to extinguish these combustible substances, it is necessary to use dense fabrics, materials made from wool, coats to be dampened with water. You can also use earth, sand, or baking soda if you don't have a fire extinguisher.
Sand and earth should be applied by scattering along the edge of the fire, creating a barrier to the advancement of the flammable substance and the movement of the fire. Sand or earth can be transferred not only with a shovel or scoop, but, in their absence, with a frying pan, ladle, baking sheet, a piece of plywood or any other object that can be used to collect them.
As effective primary funds for extinguishing a fire, a felt mat is very effective, which isolates the flow of air to the place of combustion. It is forbidden to use synthetic fabrics for extinguishing fires, as they have a low ignition temperature and release toxic combustion products. Also, the fire is extinguished with a tarpaulin, coarse-woolen cloth, any non-synthetic material. Dimensions (edit) felts, asbestos cloth, felt and other fabrics must be at least 1 sq. m. They can extinguish fire in areas that are half the size of the bedspreads. The size of fabrics can be increased by 1.5 - 2 times. Store fabrics in waterproof containers, removing them on a quarterly basis, drying them and freeing them from dust.
Fireman tap located inside the building, allows you to extinguish all sources of ignition, with the exception of electrical networks and electrical appliances. A fire hydrant is placed in a locker, equipped with a fire hose and a barrel, so that in case of fire, connect all parts, connect to the tap and start extinguishing the fire. It is better to operate it with two people: one person brings the sleeve into the fire, the second starts the water, turning the tap valve with a strong movement. Fire hydrants can only be used during fires and personnel training sessions. The crane is placed at a height of 1.35 m from the floor, the inspection of the taps is carried out 2 times a year, including with the launch of water - at least once a year. Barrel, sleeve and crane must be connected. The winding of the fire hose is carried out at least once every six months.
Placement and use
Everything primary extinguishing media must be placed under a special sign, have the appropriate color designation and letter symbols. In all objects, a fire shield must be attached in a conspicuous place. Fire extinguishers, buckets, axes, hooks, crowbars are placed on it. Directly near the shield there should be a box with a capacity of 0.5 to 3 square meters. m., filled with sand, or a large container (barrel, for example) with water, having a volume of 200 - 250 liters. A box of sand must be completed with a shovel.
Fire shield, on which the primary fire extinguishing equipment is located, is mandatory at facilities that do not have an internal fire-fighting water supply and fire extinguishing installations operating in automatic mode, as well as in the case of an object being removed at a distance of more than 100 m from external water sources, which can be used for fire extinguishing. On the fire shield, you can place and fix hooks, pitchforks, hooks, hand pump, broom, ax and other items that can prevent the spread of fire.
Seals and locks on fire shields should be opened with a minimum of time. Firefighting equipment should be attached to the shields in such a way that they can be removed quickly and without use. special means or tools.
Effective and fast use primary funds fire extinguishing allows you to minimize material losses from fire. Therefore, their availability and equipment must comply with fire safety standards. Personnel should be able to use the available means to localize the area of fire or extinguish the fire. But this does not exclude the call of a professional fire department, since there may be hidden fires. Therefore, in any case of fire, call the fire brigade.
