Instructions on the rules for the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment. Fire extinguishing means, fire-fighting equipment and inventory, the procedure for their use during a fire

1. To extinguish a fire, use fire extinguishers located in the office premises and the fire hydrant of the internal fire-fighting water supply system.

2. To extinguish a fire in office premises, employees must use portable powder fire extinguishers (type OP-1, OP-2, OP-3, OP-4, OP-5, OP-8).

Powder fire extinguishers are designed to extinguish the fires of smoldering materials, flammable liquids, gases and electrical installations under a voltage of no more than 1000V in administrative and residential buildings, on industrial enterprises, storage warehouses various materials as well as on vehicles. Powder fire extinguishers are not designed to extinguish the fire of alkali, alkaline earth metals and other materials, the combustion of which can take place without air access.

The operating temperature range of fire extinguishers is from minus 50 ° С to plus 50 ° С with humidity up to 95%.

A powder fire extinguisher must be placed in easily accessible and visible places. When extinguishing a fire, it is necessary to bring a powder fire extinguisher to the fire, break the seal, pull out the pin, direct the nozzle or hose-bell to the fire (aiming at the base of the flame), press the upper handle of the locking-trigger device and start extinguishing the fire, approaching it as it is extinguished.

When extinguishing electrical equipment under voltage, it is not allowed to bring a nozzle, a hose-socket or a body of a powder fire extinguisher to open live parts or a flame closer than 1m.

Security measures. Protect the fire extinguisher from shock and mechanical damage.

Not allowed:

Moisture on the fire extinguisher;

Direct hit sun rays and heating the charged powder fire extinguisher above + 50 ° C;

Storage of a fire extinguisher near heating devices and in rooms where the air temperature can exceed + 50 ° C;

Exploitation powder fire extinguisher without a check on the locking and starting device sealed by the manufacturer or the organization that recharged the fire extinguisher.

Fire extinguishers must be kept in good working order at all times and ready for action.

For each fire extinguisher installed in the room, a passport and a Register for checking the presence and condition of fire extinguishers must be kept.

Fire extinguishers are checked and recharged quarterly, annually.

When checking on a quarterly basis, an inspection of the places of installation of fire extinguishers, approaches to them and an external examination should be carried out. During the annual inspection, in addition to the measures indicated above, the state of charge of the extinguishing agent is monitored.

3. An internal fire hydrant (PC) is a fire extinguishing agent. An internal fire hydrant is installed in a wall niche or in a special cabinet (box), equipped with a fire pressure hose and a barrel. To activate the internal PC, it is necessary to open the cabinet door, roll out the sleeve in the direction of the combustion center and open the fire valve to start the water.

Measures fire safety: it is forbidden to use the internal PC to extinguish electrical installations, electrical devices, live wires, as well as to extinguish substances that form flammable and explosive compounds and gases with water.

The use of fire extinguishing equipment that does not have appropriate certificates is not allowed.

Production and auxiliary facilities (premises, structures, equipment, etc.) must be provided with primary funds fire extinguishing in accordance with current regulations.

The use of primary fire extinguishing equipment for other purposes is prohibited.

When accepting and handing over a shift, the operating personnel of production facilities must check the availability and serviceability of fire-fighting equipment with the entry of the results in the rotational log.

The employee is obliged to report to his immediate management about each case of injury, poisoning and burns received personally or by other employees, as well as on fires, "pops" (explosive ignition of flammable vapors and gases), an emergency that has arisen.

The employee is obliged to know telephone numbers and other means of emergency communication, be able to use them and immediately make a call:

fire protection - in the event of a fire or the possibility of its occurrence due to the release (emission) of combustible vapors, gases and liquids, by phone number _____________;

ambulance - for burns, injuries, poisoning, by phone number _____________.

Before the arrival of the relevant services, workers must urgently take measures to eliminate the fire or accident and provide assistance to the victim.

In the event of accidents, you should:

skillfully and quickly fulfill the duties set out in the emergency response plan;

inform the fire department;

stop all technological operations;

take measures to remove people from the danger zone;

inform the head of the enterprise;

to take part in the elimination of the accident and elimination of its consequences.

Extinguishing fires must be carried out with fire extinguishing means available on the site.

Brief rules for the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment

Foam fire extinguishers

Designed for extinguishing various substances and materials, with the exception of live electrical installations.

To activate the chemical-foam fire extinguisher OHP-10 (Fig. 1), it is necessary to clean the spray (3) with a needle (5), turn the handle (2) up 180 ° until it stops, turn the fire extinguisher with the cover (6) down and direct the stream foam on the combustion center.

Chemical foam fire extinguisher OHP-10

1 - fire extinguisher body;

2 - handle for activating the fire extinguisher;

3 - shower for foam release;

4 - handle for carrying a fire extinguisher;

5 - a needle for cleaning a shower;

6 - fire extinguisher cover.

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers

Designed to extinguish the fires of various substances, except for those that burn without air access, as well as electrical installations under voltage up to 380 V.

To activate the carbon dioxide fire extinguishers OU-2, OU-5, OU-8 (Fig. 2), it is necessary to direct the bell (4) to the burning object, turn the handwheel (3) of the valve (2) to the left until it stops. It is not required to turn the fire extinguisher; keep it as vertical as possible.

To avoid frostbite, do not touch the metal part of the socket with bare parts of the body.

Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-2

1 - fire extinguisher body;

2 - shut-off valve;

3 - handwheel for activating the fire extinguisher;

4 - bell-snowmaker;

5 - handle for carrying a fire extinguisher.

Powder fire extinguishers

Designed for extinguishing petroleum products, electrical installations under voltage up to 1000 V, valuable materials and fires in road transport.

To activate the OP-10 powder fire extinguisher (Fig. 3), you must press the trigger (3) and direct the powder stream to the combustion center through the drop-off nozzle (4).

Powder fire extinguisher OP-10

1 - fire extinguisher body;

2 - handle for carrying a fire extinguisher;

3 - trigger lever for activating the fire extinguisher;

4 - folding nozzle for powder outlet.

Internal fire hydrants

Designed for extinguishing solid combustible materials and flammable liquids with water and for cooling nearby tanks.

The internal fire hydrant is commissioned by two workers. One lays a hose and holds a fire nozzle ready to supply water to the combustion center, the second checks the connection of the fire hose to the fitting of the internal tap and opens the valve for water to enter the fire hose.

Asbestos cloth, felt (felt)

It is used to extinguish small foci of combustion of any substance. The combustion center is covered with an asbestos or felt cloth in order to stop air access to it.

It is used for mechanical knocking down of a flame and isolation of a burning or smoldering material from the surrounding air.

Sand is fed into the fire with a shovel or scoop.

FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT, FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT, PROCEDURE FOR THEIR USE DURING A FIRE (lesson duration - 2 hours)

1. Primary fire extinguishing equipment. Purpose and location of primary fire extinguishing equipment.

Buildings, structures, premises, technological installations must be provided with primary fire extinguishing means: fire extinguishers, boxes with sand, blankets made of non-combustible heat-insulating cloth, coarse cloth or felt, other fire-fighting tools that are used to localize and eliminate fires at the initial stage of their development.

The standards for the state of primary fire extinguishing equipment for objects should be established in accordance with the technological design standards, Model Norms accessories of fire extinguishers (NAPB B.OZ.001-2004) and Fire Safety Rules in Ukraine.

When rooms with personal computers are protected from fire, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of fire extinguishing agents in fire extinguishers, which lead to damage to equipment during extinguishing. It is recommended to equip these rooms with carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, taking into account the boundary permissibility of the concentration of the fire extinguishing agent.

To indicate the location of the primary fire extinguishing equipment, appropriate signs should be installed in accordance with applicable state standards... Signs should be placed in conspicuous places at a height of 2-2.5 m from the floor level, both indoors and outdoors (if necessary).

Portable fire extinguishers should be located by:

hanging on vertical structures at a height of not more than 1.5 m from the floor level to the lower end of the fire extinguisher and at a distance from the door sufficient for its full opening;

• installation of fire hydrants in fire cabinets, or in special cabinets;
• hanging fire extinguishers on brackets, placing them in pedestals or fire cabinets should ensure the ability to read the markings on the body.

Operation and maintenance of fire extinguishers must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the operation of fire extinguishers (NAPB B.01.008-2004).

Fire extinguishers, the commissioning of which is permitted, must have:

a) registration (inventory) numbers according to the numbering system adopted at the facility;

b) seals on manual start devices;

c) tags and markings on the body, red signal coloring in accordance with state standards.

Charging and recharging of all types of fire extinguishers must be carried out in accordance with the instructions for use. Charged fire extinguishers, in which the mass of the fire extinguishing charge or the pressure of the medium is less or more than the nominal values ​​by 5% (at a temperature of 20 ° C), must be recharged (recharged).

Fire extinguishers have been used, and fire extinguishers with torn seals must be sent immediately for recharging or for inspection.

It is allowed to send no more than 50% of the total number of fire extinguishers for recharging (maintenance) from the facility.

Fire extinguishers installed outdoors or in unheated rooms and are not intended for use in sub-zero temperatures, should be removed for the cold season. In such cases, information on the location of the nearest fire extinguisher should be placed on fire shields.

Rules for the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment.

By the type of extinguishing agent, fire extinguishers are divided into: water, foam, powder, carbon dioxide, freon, combined.

All facilities are equipped with two types of fire extinguishers - carbon dioxide and powder.

The following types of extinguishers are used depending on the class of fires:

fire class A (combustion solids) - powder fire extinguishers;

fire class B (combustion of liquid substances) - powder, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers;

fire class C (combustion of gaseous substances) - powder fire extinguishers;

fire class B (metal combustion) - powder, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers;

fire class E (combustion of electrical installations) - carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

The release time of the extinguishing agent, both from the carbon dioxide and from the powder extinguisher, is limited and ranges from 12 to 18 seconds. Therefore, it should be remembered that a fire extinguisher is effective for extinguishing a fire (fire source) in the initial stage of its development, when the area of ​​fire and smoke pollution of the room is insignificant.

To activate a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, you must:

1. direct the bell to the fire;
2. press the lever or turn the valve handwheel, while extinguishing agent from the body through a siphon tube through the bell is fed to the fire.

To activate a powder fire extinguisher, you must:

remove the safety pin;

1. press the button with the needle;
2. press the lever;
3. direct a stream of powder to the fire.

Show employees the location of fire extinguishers at the facility and conduct a theoretical and practical training rules for their use.

2. Internal fire-fighting water supply

Each fire hydrant must be equipped with the same fire hose; diameter and barrel, a button for remote start of fire pumps (if such valves are available), as well as a lever to facilitate opening the valve. The connecting elements of the fire hydrant, hoses and manual fire nozzle must be of the same type.

The fire hose must be kept dry, folded into an "accordion" or double roll, attached to the crane and the barrel, and turned over at least once every six months. The use of fire hoses for household and other needs not related to fire extinguishing is not allowed. Fire hydrants should be located in built-in or wall cabinets, which have holes for ventilation and are adapted for sealing and visual inspection without opening. On the door of fire cabinets with outside the sequence number of the crane and the telephone number for calling must be indicated after the letter index of the fire hydrant "PC" fire department.

Fire hydrants at least once every six months are subject to maintenance and testing for operability by starting water with registration of the test results in a special maintenance log.

Fire hydrants must always be in good working order and available for use.

The room where the booster pumps are installed must be hung out general scheme fire water supply and pump piping diagram. Each gate valve and fire pump-booster should be provided with information on their purpose. The order of switching on the booster pumps should be determined by the instructions.

Electrified valves should be checked at least twice a year, and fire pumps - monthly and kept in constant operational readiness.

At least once a month, the reliability of the transfer of fire pumps from the main to non-backup power supply should be checked with the registration of the results in the log.

3. Assigning settings to automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations.

Automatic fire alarm (APS) is designed to detect signs of a fire at an early (initial) stage of its occurrence and to send a fire signal to the fire alarm panel, which is installed in a room with a round-the-clock presence of personnel on duty.

Automatic fire alarm systems are equipped with fire alarms that respond to the appearance of smoke (smoke alarms) or to an increase in temperature above + 70 C (heat alarms). Fire detectors must function around the clock. In accordance with the requirements of the Fire Safety Regulations in the communications industry, telecommunication facilities, as a rule, should be equipped with smoke alarms.

Installations automatic fire extinguishing are intended for extinguishing fires in premises. Automatic fire extinguishing installations can be gas, powder, water, foam. The automatic fire extinguishing installation is activated automatically when the automatic fire alarm is triggered in the event of a fire in the room where it is installed.

To familiarize employees with the APS and fire extinguishing installations that are installed at the facility.

Familiarization with the purpose of primary fire extinguishing equipment.

Primary fire extinguishing means are designed to extinguish fires and ignitions at the initial stage of their occurrence.

Primary fire extinguishing means are intended for use by employees of organizations, personnel of fire departments and other persons in order to fight fires and are divided into the following types:

1) portable and mobile fire extinguishers;

2) fire hydrants and means of ensuring their use;

3) fire fighting equipment;

4) blankets to isolate the fire site.

Buildings, structures and structures must be provided with primary fire extinguishing means by persons authorized to own, use or dispose of buildings, structures and structures.

The nomenclature, number and location of primary fire extinguishing means are established depending on the type of combustible material, space-planning solutions of a building, structure or structure, parameters the environment and places of accommodation of service personnel.

In the conditions of the plant (PTE and PEE RP RZ), two types of fire extinguishers are used:

Carbon dioxide;

Powder.

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are designed to extinguish small foci of combustion of various substances and electrical installations under voltages up to 1000V, with the exception of substances that burn without oxygen.

As a fire extinguishing agent, carbon dioxide CO2 is used - a colorless gas with a barely perceptible odor, has dielectric properties, at normal temperature it turns into a liquid state.

Powder fire extinguishers are designed to extinguish the fires of smoldering materials, flammable liquids, gases and electrical installations under voltage up to 1000V. These extinguishers are not designed to extinguish alkali and alkaline earth metal fires, which can burn without access to air.

Each fire extinguisher installed at the facility must have a serial number printed on the body with white paint. A passport is put on it, in which the name of the fire extinguisher, number, year of manufacture, date of commissioning, test and inspection results are indicated.

Fire extinguishers should always be kept in good working order, periodically inspected, checked and recharged in a timely manner. Fire extinguishers are located in prominent places near the exits from the premises at a height of no more than 1.5 m.

Also, for extinguishing fires, fire hydrants are provided, which are powered from an industrial or fire-fighting water conduit. Each crane is equipped with a 20 m long fire hose and a fire nozzle.

When using a PC, break the seal on the cabinet door, open it and roll out the sleeve in the direction of the combustion source, open the tap valve to the full and let the water in.

Fire hydrants are located in prominent places, painted in accordance with GOST. On the door of the PC cabinet there is an inscription "PC # ... Call 01 in case of fire". The PC is checked twice a year with the start-up of water and measurement of the pressure in the water supply network. To ensure a quick supply of water to the place of combustion, the hose must be connected to the tap and the barrel, folded and rolled up. To extinguish electrical installations, the fire barrel must be grounded.

For extinguishing fires of spilled flammable liquids and electrical installations, it is used sand... The sand is stored in metal boxes with a capacity of 0.5; 1.0 and 3.0 cubic meters and equipped with a shovel. Indoor and outdoor technological installations categories A, B and C for explosion and fire hazard the stock of sand in the boxes must be at least 0.5 m 3 for every 500 m 2 of the protected area, and for rooms and outdoor technological installations of category D and D at least 0.5 m 3 for each 1000 m 2 of the protected area.

Portable and mobile fire extinguishers must provide fire extinguishing by one person in the area specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

Technical characteristics of portable and mobile fire extinguishers must ensure human safety when extinguishing a fire.

Strength characteristics structural elements portable and mobile fire extinguishers must ensure the safety of their use when extinguishing a fire.

Practical acquaintance and work with primary fire extinguishing means at a model fire center.

The rules for the use of fire extinguishers are printed on the body of the fire extinguishers. Before using fire extinguishers, read the brief instructions.

It must be remembered that:

When using carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, when the extinguishing gas exits, the bell surface cools down to -40. Precautionary measures - when directing the bell to the fire, you need to use gloves.

When using a dry powder fire extinguisher, spraying occurs a large number fire extinguishing powder. Precautions - exclude the possibility of a cloud of fire extinguishing powder getting into the respiratory system.

When using an air-foam fire extinguisher and an internal fire-fighting water supply, it is forbidden to direct the fire extinguishing agent to electrical installations that are energized, because possible electric shock. Precautions - de-energize electrical installations, use grounding devices.

The design of fire hydrants should provide the ability to open the shut-off device by one person and supply water with an intensity that ensures fire extinguishing.

The design of the connecting heads of fire hydrants should allow connecting to them fire hoses used in fire departments.

Familiarization with fire protection systems.

The enterprise (PTE and PEE RP RZ) has automatic systems fire protection, these are fire alarms and fire extinguishing installations.

By the type of fire extinguishing agent, the plant uses water gas and powder fire extinguishing installations.

The study is clearly possible to carry out on the example of the object 120/3 elevation. +29.5 PTE and PEE RP RZ. The control panel contains the control and monitoring devices of the PPK-2 fire alarm system.