Types of furniture components, their purpose and installation methods. Types of furniture fasteners: categories and special options

The functionality, quality and durability of furniture largely depends on the fittings used by the manufacturer. Furniture fittings mean a whole class of products with various purposes. Each of these products has its own design features and characteristics, which depend on the purpose and functionality of the furniture, the expected loads.

All furniture fittings are divided into two classes:

facial;
fixing.

Facial fittings perform a predominantly decorative function - with its help they improve the appearance of furniture. But it can also be assigned a certain functional load.

Fastening furniture fittings performs mainly practical value. With its help, the connection of various furniture parts is ensured, the possibility of raising and lowering the doors, opening and closing the doors, turning and other movements of the elements.

Front fittings for furniture

This class includes those products that, after the assembly of furniture, remain in sight:

handles that are used to open / close drawers, sashes, doors;
locks that are used to lock doors or drawers;
decorative elements - voluminous or flat overlays that are used for decoration or can be used to mask joints and some design features furniture.

The main requirement that exists for this group of products is their durability and comfort in use. The top coating on the fittings should retain its original appearance for a long time, endure mechanical damage and burnout. Wood, plastic or metal can be used as the basis for the manufacture of fittings.

Fixing hardware for furniture

This group of products is used to connect various furniture parts. Fasteners include: hardware, cabinet holders, connecting strips, dowels, confirmations, etc.

Furniture hinges

Are established on doors and shutters. They are made of metal, which must have a large margin of safety, withstand regular loads and the weight of the door or sash itself. The design of the loops may be different. The method of attaching the hinge, the angle of opening of the sash, and the function of self closing sash, etc.

Elevators and lifting mechanisms

These products are an alternative to hinges and are used when it is necessary to ensure the opening of the leaves in a vertical plane. Lifting mechanisms and elevators can be of gas or mechanical design.

Shelf holders

They are used to fix shelves inside cabinet furniture. Shelves in this way can be fixed tightly or with the possibility of removal.

Screeds

This group fixing accessories used to fix several parts relative to each other. Ties can be corners, screws, bolts, screws, etc.

The quality of fasteners must meet strict standards. It should be durable and reliable, helping to comfortably operate furniture for many years.

Furniture fittings and accessories are a direct part of the finished product along with other materials.

Regardless of the type of furniture or its category, there is a simple distribution of materials:

the basis. For cabinet furniture, it can be natural wood, chipboard or MDF. If it's about upholstered furniture, then this list includes upholstery fabrics and functional fillers (foam rubber, batting, felt);

accessories. Furniture handles and legs decorate various cabinets, chests of drawers, pencil cases, making them attractive and stylish. If we are talking about functionality, then these are various mechanisms for opening facades (hinges, gas lifts, pneumatic closers). In the manufacture of upholstered furniture, accessories include mainly supporting or decorative legs, as well as various mechanisms for transforming sofas;

accessories. This is a wide range of various auxiliary products, ranging from ordinary wallpaper nails to fasteners with decorative elements.

In addition to its practical purpose, furniture fittings also perform a decorative function, especially when it comes to external elements (handles for facades, support legs, roof rails and moldings).

The main criteria for choosing furniture fittings and components

Before purchasing certain accessories, you need to make sure that it meets the main criteria:

performance quality. This applies to materials and the appearance of fittings;

practicality. When it comes to accessories and fittings for kitchen furniture or products for bathrooms, they must be made of materials that do not lose their properties and appearance in a humid environment or with frequent temperature changes ( stainless steel, various polymeric materials);

functionality. This criterion applies to all mechanisms with moving parts (locks, closers, pneumatic lifts, sliding elements such as guides);

performance style. This is an important characteristic of fittings, which has not only functional, but also aesthetic value (furniture handles and legs, moldings, additional decorative overlays);

manufacturing firm. The manufacturer plays an important role in the choice. Very often in our market you can find cheap accessories from China, which have not been certified and do not have necessary level quality, and outwardly looks exactly the same as the products of well-known foreign companies.

If you pay attention to these factors, then choosing a good fitting is not difficult.

Conditional classification of furniture fittings

Today on the market you can find a wide range of components that are used in the manufacture of various furniture. Products differ in appearance, materials of manufacture, area of use, functionality and cost.

Conventionally, the entire range can be divided into three main categories:

external fittings. This group includes products that are on the visible part of the furniture, giving it certain stylistic features. These can be furniture legs, decorative overlays, facade handles, etc.;
mechanisms. This category includes accessories that are designed to perform practical functions - opening / closing facades, pulling out drawers, lifting panels. These are various internal hinges, roller and telescopic guides, closers and pneumatic lifts;

fasteners and additional materials. This is a wide group of products, which is designed to connect various parts of furniture (screws, hardware, nails, confirmations), as well as specific materials (decorative plastic plugs, PVC edge for trimming chipboard).

Installation of high-quality fittings and the use of reliable components is a guarantee of a long service life of furniture, its reliability and functionality.

Furniture production is unimaginable without the use of a variety of furniture fittings. It allows you to ensure the high-quality functioning of the furniture and the aesthetics of its appearance.

All fittings can be divided into two large groups or classes:

The front fittings perform a more decorative function, although they can also carry some functional load. This class of products includes fittings located on the front side of the furniture:

 edge - designed for processing the ends of furniture elements and their additional protection against mechanical stress;
 handles and locks – elements of furniture decor designed for convenient opening/closing and locking of drawers, shutters and doors;
 various decorative overlays used both for decoration and for masking joints.

Fixing accessories are designed to connect individual furniture elements into a single whole.

There is another group of fittings that stands apart. These are mechanisms that change performance characteristics furniture:

fittings for sliding tables;
various "guide" elements;
mechanisms that help transform folding sofas and armchairs.

Varieties of fasteners

Mounting or connecting fittings are represented by a variety of elements that can be conditionally divided into several large groups:

Mobile fittings are different kinds hinges, differing both in the method of fastening and in the magnitude of the opening angle, devices for mounting sliding doors, lifting mechanisms(microlifts): both mechanical and gas.
Fittings for permanent connection are elements designed for reliable fixation of individual furniture parts relative to each other: intersectional and eccentric ties, confirmations, rods and self-tapping screws.
Accessories for detachable connection are represented by various types of latches, latches, locking hooks. The same group includes such elements as magnetic latches and shelf holders.

When choosing furniture fittings, one should not forget that its quality and reliability in operation directly affects the duration of furniture functioning. The importance of the choice of accessories is also emphasized by the figures - its share in the cost of furniture can be from 10 to 25 percent of the total amount.

Accessories for furniture. We look at the types, purpose and application in the video:

Modern furniture impresses with its unusual design and versatility. It is performed both from expensive and budget types materials. To date, the production of furniture paraphernalia has improved. On sale are various models interior use.

High-quality fittings and fasteners ensure reliability and long service life. These components are made from various types metal alloys. Manufacturers of furniture fasteners use special technology hardening of metal blanks. Thanks to this, bolts and self-tapping screws are able to withstand any mechanical impact.

Modern types of furniture fasteners

In specialized departments, many types of fasteners for furniture are presented. Almost all of them belong to the same type, this is a threaded screw. The design consists of a wide bolt and nut. During the assembly process, they tightly fix various parts among themselves. They are used to make kitchen tables, cabinet and upholstered furniture.

The main requirement of such components is their aesthetic appearance. in plain language, they should be invisible against the general background of the design. Quality furniture paraphernalia should not have any defects on its surface.

In addition, other types of fasteners are on sale. These include:

bolts with lock nuts. The main advantage of such products is their reliability. The product is strong;
confirm. It belongs to the screw type of fasteners. The principle of operation resembles self-tapping screws or a hex screw. These products provide fast assembly furniture design, as well as its aesthetic appearance;
eccentric braces. Almost all quality products is made up of these elements. They provide a good fixation of every detail. In addition, they allow you to increase the assembly speed;
wooden corners. This type was used more than ten years ago, but due to their reliability, they are used for the production of modern furniture.

The stores offer a catalog of furniture fasteners. It concentrates more than 100 types of metal products for the production of one or another type of furniture paraphernalia.

What fasteners to use for glass furniture

Modern models consist of many glass and glossy panels. For their fixation, special types of fasteners are used. Silicone and rubber gaskets help reduce friction.

They prevent damage to the glass panel during the assembly process. Most of the parts are glued with a special adhesive. The hardware is made from lightweight metal. Thanks to this, all the details are in harmony with each other. Hidden fasteners for furniture are used here.

For larger models, corners, hinges and locks are used. To fix these elements, thin screws and self-tapping screws with plastic nozzles help.

Mounts for upholstered furniture

The purpose of furniture fasteners is obvious - this is the fastening of furniture elements to each other. For the production of upholstered furniture paraphernalia, a number of fasteners are used. It includes: corners, silicone gaskets, self-tapping screws, bolts, hex nuts. All these details are strong metals such as: zinc, tin, chromium.

For example, to make a retractable mechanism, special rollers, brackets, hex bolts and furniture studs will help. The finished product will have a lightweight drawer opening mechanism or be transformed into a new model.

For the production of wooden models, furniture fasteners for chipboard are used. These parts are made of zinc, which in turn is highly durable. Self-tapping screws firmly fasten heavy elements to each other.

Today, manufacturers are ready to provide many types of fasteners for various furniture. Usually everything you need to assemble it comes with it in the kit.

If there is a need to replace any fastener with a type that is more suitable for function, look at the numerous photos of furniture fasteners on the Internet. Then with confidence you can choose what you really need.

Photo of furniture fasteners

Depending on the technical functions, the following main types of furniture fittings are divided into groups.

1. The first group is the mechanisms that are needed to connect and fix the position of parts relative to each other. This group includes furniture fittings for permanent connection, for detachable connection and for movable connection.

Furniture fittings for permanent connection combines screws, screws, nails (including wallpaper), bolts, rod holders, dowels, brackets, ties, hooks, upholstery "buttons" of upholstered furniture, etc. Common name for them - connecting fittings for furniture.

As for the couplers, they are divided into eccentric and connecting. The eccentric screed is made from a material common for all furniture fittings - galvanized steel, which is particularly strong. The “corner” screed has decent strength and is easy to install: it does not require drilling holes in the ends of the furniture.

And with the help of wedge and threaded ties, furniture has been installed for more than one year. A nut with a screw are well-known examples of threaded ties. So, thanks to the thread of the screw, the nut and the stud, reliable connection. And with the help of wedge ties, you can connect the elements especially quickly. They are based on plates, brackets, wedges. To connect wedge ties, traditional screws are taken.

Furniture fittings for detachable connection- this is door handles and devices that replace them, latches, shelf holders, magnetic latches, locks, latches, locking hooks, etc. Here we note that door handles, as well as hinge and lock details visible on cabinet facades, are usually referred to as “front fittings”.

The choice of such a seemingly small detail as handles should be very deliberate. After all, it is important that it is combined with furniture and furnishings not only in style, but also in harmony in color. Fortunately, there are a great many materials and methods for finishing handles now. These are not only wood and metal familiar to us, but also newfangled plastic, glass and ceramics that are always relevant. The most favorite colors here are matt chrome and gold. In addition, the ergonomics of the handle is important, how comfortable it is to grab it with your hand. Now most often handles are mounted with screws or self-tapping screws.

To sliding fittings include hinges, guiding devices for sliding doors, drawers, microlifts, etc.

Devices such as elevators (lifting mechanisms) are used in various furniture, one of the most frequent places is in kitchen cabinets whose doors swing upwards. In addition, there are elevators in such furniture fittings, the mechanisms of which put forward corner elements. Then part of the furniture moves smoothly along an arc or in several steps, while several lifting mechanisms take part in the process. Thanks to the lifting mechanisms, even very heavy drawers can be easily pulled out. And for more comfortable movement, they can be mounted: pneumatic mechanisms, as well as various guides, including ball bearings. So we smoothly move on to the following types of furniture fittings.

2. The second group is the mechanisms that are needed to change the operational properties of furniture during its use without correcting the structure of the fittings itself. These are rotary mechanisms (for example, "carousel"), mechanisms for sliding tables, guide devices, swing devices, etc.

A considerable part of the furniture can no longer be imagined without such furniture fittings as the guides necessary for sliding elements. Depending on the method of extension, guides of full and partial roll-out are distinguished. When they are fully extended, therefore, the drawer also fully extends, to the contents of which excellent access opens. By what parameters are these furniture accessories evaluated? Fittings "guides" should be easy and silent in operation. Tandemboxes are especially distinguished. They necessarily contain such furniture fittings as rollers, which are supplied with recessed bearings. The material of the guides depends on their level: it can be steel, fluoroplastic or even non-ferrous metal, for example, duralumin (the roller is made Teflon). In prestigious systems, the rollers are equipped with brushes that clean the space between the grooves.

3. The third group - means that transfer the product during its operation from one functional state to another using the spatial transformation of mechanisms. Such furniture fittings are mechanisms for changing the working height of furniture, as well as mechanisms for transformation (for example, sofa beds, wardrobe beds, etc.), etc.

4. In addition to those listed, the furniture fittings market also represents the fourth group of furniture fittings - overhead moldings necessary for decorating structural furniture parts that have a relatively pronounced volume. They can be of three types:

strip (in particular, and composite),
badge,
cord.

Materials are taken for them: wood, plastic, metal, glass, braid, ceramics, etc.

Strip parts have a straight or curved shape. In addition, there are flat, ornamental and profile strip details. They are generally suitable for contouring door edges, cabinet walls, seat bases, table tops, etc.

Details by type of plaque can have a variety of shapes. Previously, disks, rosettes, medallions, stylized images of a person, plants and animals, etc. were popular.

The cord (in most cases, filament) is used to finish the seats and backs of upholstered furniture and sometimes its sides.

Apart from functional features, there are different types of furniture fittings, depending on the material from which it is made. So, if a hundred years ago most furniture handles and supports were made of natural wood, now metal and plastic occupy the leading positions. Of course, the metal must have a special anti-corrosion treatment, and the plastic must meet hygienic and operational requirements. For elite models, accessories can be covered with gold or silver or imitate these coatings. Crystal, rhinestones and even natural stones. If wood is chosen as the material, then it must undergo high-quality processing in order to withstand moisture, light and temperature changes for a long time.

Note very important thing: no matter how complex furniture fasteners are, fittings and their supplier must be chosen very carefully. After all, the functioning of all furniture directly depends on this. Figures illustrate the importance of furniture fittings: out of the total cost of cabinet furniture, the share of fittings is from 10 to 15 percent. For kitchen furniture, this figure can be 25%. And the highest figure is for upholstered furniture with frame transformation mechanisms: it is from 30 to 40%.

As for the furniture fittings market as a whole, the main suppliers to Russia are Germany, Italy, China, the Czech Republic, Poland and the USA. And so far it has to be noted that foreign suppliers of furniture fittings are now valued more than domestic ones. The fact is that the experience of foreigners exceeds ours by several decades.