Nekrasov railway tasks. Poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Railway" (perception, interpretation, assessment)

« Railway"Nikolay Nekrasov

V a n I (in a coachman's jacket).
Daddy! who built this road?
Pa pasha (in a coat with a red lining),
Count Pyotr Andreevich Kleinmichel, darling!
Conversation in the carriage

Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous
The air invigorates tired strength;
Ice is not strong on the cold river
Like melting sugar lies;

Near the forest, as in a soft bed,
You can sleep - peace and space!
The leaves have not yet had time to fade,
Are yellow and fresh like a carpet.

Glorious autumn! Frosty nights
Clear, quiet days ...
There is no disgrace in nature! And kochi,
And moss swamps, and stumps -

All is well under the moonlight
I recognize my native Russia everywhere ...
I fly fast on cast-iron rails,
I think my thought ...

Good dad! Why in charm
Keep a smart Vanya?
Let me be with the moonlight
Show him the truth.

This work, Vanya, was terribly huge
Not on the shoulder alone!
There is a king in the world: this king is merciless,
Hunger is his name.

He leads the armies; at sea by ships
Rules; drives people into the artel,
Walks behind the plow, stands behind
Stonecutters, weavers.

It was he who drove the masses of the people here.
Many are in a terrible struggle
Calling these barren wilds to life,
They found a coffin here for themselves.

Straight path: narrow embankments,
Posts, rails, bridges.
And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ...
How many there are! Vanechka, do you know?

Chu! menacing exclamations were heard!
Stomp and gnashing of teeth;
A shadow ran over frosty glass ...
What is there? Dead crowd!

They overtake the cast-iron road,
They run by sides.
Do you hear the singing? .. "On this moonlit night
Love us to see our work!

We struggled in the heat, in the cold,
With your back always bent
We lived in dugouts, fought hunger,
Frozen and wet, sick with scurvy.

We were robbed by literate foremen,
The bosses whipped, the need pressed ...
We have endured everything, God's warriors,
Peaceful children of labor!

Brothers! You are reaping our fruits!
We are destined to rot in the ground ...
Do you remember all of us, the poor
Or forgotten for a long time? .. "

Do not be dismayed by their wild singing!
From Volkhov, from mother Volga, from Oka,
From different ends of the great state -
These are all your brothers - men!

It's a shame to be shy, to be covered with a glove,
You’re not small! .. Rus hair,
You see, standing, exhausted by fever,
Tall sick Belarusian:

Bloodless lips, drooping eyelids,
Ulcers on skinny arms
Forever knee-deep in water
The legs are swollen; tangled hair;

I will wash my chest, which is diligently on the spade
I spent the whole century day after day ...
You take a closer look at him, Vanya, carefully:
It was hard for a man to get his bread!

I did not straighten my hunchbacked back
He is still now: stupidly silent
And mechanically with a rusty shovel
Hollow ground hollows!

This noble work habit
It would not be bad for us to adopt ...
Bless the work of the people
And learn to respect the man.

Don't be shy about your dear homeland ...
Endured enough Russian people,
He took out this railroad too -
Whatever the Lord sends!

Will endure everything - and wide, clear
He will make a way for himself with his chest.
It's a pity - to live in this beautiful time
You won't have to - neither for me, nor for you.

The whistle is deafening this minute
Screamed - the crowd of the dead has disappeared!
"I saw, dad, I am an amazing dream, -
Vanya said, - five thousand men,

Russian tribes and breeds representatives
Suddenly they appeared - and he said to me:
"Here they are - the builders of our road! .."
The general burst out laughing!

“I was recently within the walls of the Vatican,
I wandered around the Colosseum for two nights,
I saw Saint Stephen in Vienna,
What ... did the people create all this?

Excuse me for this impudent laugh,
Your logic is a little bit wild.
Or Apollo Belvedere for you
Worse than a stove pot?

Here are your people - these baths and baths,
A miracle of art - he took everything away! "-
"I'm not talking for you, but for Vanya ..."
But the general did not give an objection:

"Your Slav, Anglo-Saxon and German
Do not create - destroy the master,
Barbarians! a wild bunch of drunks! ..
However, it's time to get busy with Vanyusha;

You know, a spectacle of death, sorrow
It is a sin to resent a child's heart.
Would you show the child now
The bright side ... "

Glad to show!
Listen, my dear: fateful works
It's over - the German is already laying the rails.
The dead are buried in the ground; sick
Hidden in dugouts; working people

Gathered in a close crowd at the office ...
They scratched their heads tightly:
Every contractor should stay,
Walking days have become a penny!

The foremen entered everything in the book -
Did he take to the bathhouse, did the patient lie down:
“Maybe there is now a surplus here,
Why, come on! .. ”They waved their hand ...

In a blue caftan - a venerable meadowsweet,
Thick, squishy, ​​red as copper,
The contractor rides along the line on a holiday,
He goes to see his work.

Idle people make way decorously ...
Sweat wipes the merchant from the face
And he says, akimbo:
“Okay ... no matter ... well done! .. well done! ..

With God, now go home - congratulations!
(Hats off - if I say!)
I expose a barrel of wine to the workers
And - I give arrears! .. "

Someone shouted "hurray". Picked up
Louder, friendlier, longer ... Look:
The foremen rolled the barrel with the song ...
Here even the lazy one could not resist!

The people unharnessed their horses - and the merchant
Shouting "Hurray!" rushed along the road ...
Seems hard to please the picture
Draw, General? ..

Analysis of Nekrasov's poem "Railroad"

The poet Nikolai Nekrasov is one of the founders of the so-called civic movement in Russian literature. His works are devoid of any embellishments and are characterized by extraordinary realism, which sometimes brings a smile, but in most cases is an excellent reason for rethinking the reality around us.

Such profound works include the poem "Railroad", written in 1864, a few months after the abolition of serfdom. In it, the author tries to show the other side of the medal of the construction of an overpass between Moscow and St. Petersburg, which for many workers has become a huge mass grave.

The poem has four parts. The first of them is romantic and peaceful. In it, Nekrasov talks about his railway journey, not forgetting to pay tribute to the beauty of Russian nature and the delightful landscapes that open outside the window of a train sailing through meadows, fields and forests. Admiring the opening picture, the author becomes an unwitting witness to the conversation between the father-general and his teenage son, who is interested in who built the railway. It should be noted that this topic in the second half of the 19th century was especially relevant and burning, since the railway communication opened up truly unlimited opportunities for travel. While it took about a week to get from Moscow to St. Petersburg by postal carriage, train travel reduced the travel time to one day.

However, few people thought about the price that had to be paid for Russia to finally turn from a backward agrarian country into a developed European power. The symbol of transformation in this case was the railway, which was designed to emphasize new status Russian empire. It was built by former serfs, who, having received the long-awaited freedom, simply did not know how to dispose of this priceless gift. They were driven to the construction site of the century not so much by curiosity and a desire to fully taste the delights of a free life, as a banal hunger, which Nekrasov calls in his poem nothing more than a "king" who rules the world. As a result, several thousand people died on the construction of the railway, and the poet considered it necessary to tell about this not only to his young companion, but also to his readers.

Subsequent parts of the poem "Railroad" are devoted to the dispute between the author and the general, who tries to assure the poet that the Russian peasant, stupidly and powerless, is not able to build anything more worthwhile than a wooden rural hut, squalid and warped. In the opinion of Nekrasov's opponent, only educated and noble people have the right to consider themselves geniuses of progress, they own great discoveries in the field of science, culture and art. At the same time, the general insists that the bleak picture painted by the poet harms the immature youthful mind of his son. And Nekrasov takes the liberty of showing the situation from the other side, telling about how the construction works, and at a holiday on this occasion, the workers received a barrel of wine from the master's shoulder of the meadowsweet and - a write-off of debts that they accumulated during the construction of the railway. Simply put, the poet directly pointed out the fact that yesterday's slaves were again deceived, and the results of their labor were appropriated by those who are the master of life and can afford to dispose of the lives of others at their own discretion.

Of course, the construction site was officially special meaning like a construction site of the century. The road, which took twelve years to build, reduced the time spent on the way during the trip, between the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, seven times. In addition, there was a political subtext in this construction. The All-Russian Emperor Nicholas I wanted to declare in Europe about his state as progressive and developed. Money was allocated to create an infrastructure of the appropriate level, good specialists, including foreign ones. That's just about their own people, which was a cheap labor force, few thought.

The whole story of the construction of the railway was true and told about how the people actually lived and what they had to endure. Then the emperor highly appreciated the work of the organizers of the construction. The Commander-in-Chief of Railways, Count Pyotr Andreevich Kleinmichel, was awarded an award for his services to the Fatherland. Indeed, the speed of construction was at a height, and the mortality of ordinary workers was viewed as a cost of production.

Analysis of the poem

Only 12 years later, this poem was born to Nekrasov. The work itself seems to provide an answer to the question of whether the descendants of the unfortunate workers who gave their lives to strengthen the state as a progressive state and for the convenience of the upper stratum of the population will be remembered.

We struggled in the heat, in the cold,
With your back always bent
We lived in dugouts, fought hunger,
Frozen and wet, sick with scurvy.
We were robbed by literate foremen,
The bosses whipped, the need pressed ...
We have endured everything, God's warriors,
Peaceful children of labor!
Brothers! You are reaping our fruits!
We are destined to rot in the ground ...
Do you remember all of us, the poor
Or forgotten for a long time? ..

The poem itself consists of four parts. They are all united by one plot and image. lyrical hero... The narrator and neighbors in the carriage, where there is a boy and his father are generals. The dialogue is about the railway, about how it was built, this is the epigraph.
In the first part of the story, nature is described, where the situation around is very colorfully displayed, which can be seen from the train window. It is very perfect and, as it were, there is no such ugliness in it that is present in people's lives. The second part is shown in the form of a monologue by the narrator himself, which shows the life of society. It shows the life of the builders of this highway, all their sufferings and misfortunes.

The main point is in the last three stanzas. Where it is described that it is necessary to respect the Russian people, that with their diligence and sacrifices they are moving towards a brighter future. Also, the writer very accurately described the mentality of the people, who for centuries endure many sufferings and humiliations. With just one statement, Nekrasov described the entire life of the people of those times:

"It's a pity - to live in this wonderful time. I won't have to - neither me, nor you"

In the third part, the author presents a dispute between the author and the general, where the reader can take either side. It is hard to argue with the fact that the people are illiterate, downtrodden, dirty. The general presents evidence, calling people miserable destroyers and drunkards, and only in this he sees their lot. But the author defends the peasants, declaring that the people themselves are not to blame for this.

In the fourth part, the reasoning continues. Now the author has dug even deeper. The reader is even more immersed in the problems of society. It becomes clear that the different positions that already divide society are an insurmountable abyss. And little people, from the point of view of the upper class, are simply consumable... Material that, if necessary, can be donated endlessly.

But the narrator believes that a "bright future" will come, because the Russian people deserve a better life. Nekrasov could not finish the poem in another way. He put all his pain into every line. That is why his words echo in the hearts of his contemporaries.

Nekrasov's poem is based on real events- construction of a railroad between St. Petersburg and Moscow. This topic was relevant for the second half of the 19th century. The advent of the railroad in Russia opened up unlimited possibilities. But did people really think about who and what price paid for Russia to become a developed European power?

The railway was built by former serfs, who, having received freedom, simply did not know how to dispose of it. Hunger drove them to the construction site of the century. Several thousand people died on the construction, and Nekrasov really wanted to tell his readers about this. The whole poem is the disclosure of the meaning of the epigraph (dialogue, accidentally heard in the carriage). To his son's question, “the dads replies that the railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow was built by Count Klein-Michel, the head of the department of railways under Nicholas 1. The epigraph is saturated with sarcasm, and the entire work serves as a passionate refutation.

The main theme of the poem is reflections on tragic fate of the Russian people, about its role in the creation of spiritual and material values. Many researchers call the "Railroad" a poem that synthesizes elements of various genre forms: dramas, satire, songs and ballads. The compositional structure of the piece is complex - it is built in the form of a conversation between passengers. The author himself is a conditional companion. The poem is divided into 4 chapters.

The first chapter begins with a landscape sketch of a "glorious autumn", the lyrical hero admires the beauty of nature and remarks: "There is no disgrace in nature!" Thus, the author prepared the reader for the perception of various oppositions, on the basis of which the entire poem is built. To nature, in which everything is reasonable and harmonious, he opposes the ugliness that occurs in human society.

The second chapter is the setting and development of the action. The lyrical hero tells the “clever Vanya” the truth about the construction of the railway - about the hard labor of the people driven by hunger for construction. This picture is especially contrasting against the background of the image of harmony in nature, which is given in the first chapter.

The poet paints a fantastic picture: from the bitter song of the dead, we learn about their unfortunate fate. Nekrasov singles out from the general crowd “the Belarusian: and by the example of his fate he tells the tragic story of the construction of the railway. Here, the lyrical hero indicates his position. The poet expresses great respect for the workers.

Nekrasov shows the people both as a patient slave and as a great worker deserving admiration. The lyrical hero believes in the strength of the Russian people, in their special destiny, in a bright future. The image of the road acquires a metaphorical meaning - this is a special path of the Russian people, long-suffering Russia.

The third chapter is contrasted with the second. The transition from Vanya's dream to reality is abrupt. The boy's awakening is unexpected - he is awakened by a deafening whistle. The whistle shattered sleep, the general's laughter shattered poetry. This is where the dispute between the lyrical hero and the general takes place. Vanya's father, a general, expresses his attitude towards the peasant - he despises the rabble. He does not even charge the people, but the nations. The general advises to show Vanya the "bright side" of construction.

The fourth chapter is an everyday sketch. This is a kind of denouement. With bitter irony, the lyrical hero paints a picture of the end of his labors. All that the peasants have earned by hard labor is forgiven arrears and a barrel of wine. But this is not the most bitter thing - instead of the expected, it would seem, discontent and indignation. The "bright side" turns out to be even more hopeless and hopeless.

There are many different lyrical intonations in the poem: narrative, colloquial, declamatory; the scene depicting the dead brings the work closer to the ballad genre. But the whole work is colored by the song tonality traditional for Nekrasov.

Often in literature lessons the question is asked: "How relevant is this work today?" The genres and forms of literature are changing to varying degrees, but human nature remains unchanged. The laws of human society remain unshakable: the troubles and joys of peoples are the same at all times. N. Nekrasov's poem "Railroad" tells not only about a revolutionary breakthrough in the transport system of the state, but also about back side- thousands of ruined lives, about the workers, on whose bones all world progress stands.

There is a legend that when designing the St. Petersburg-Moscow railway, Nicholas I drew a straight line on the map, not bending around swamps, swamps, ravines. The construction was extremely difficult, and workers had to work in constant cold, hunger, suffering disease and poverty:

We struggled in the heat, in the cold,
With your back always bent
We lived in dugouts, fought hunger,
Frozen and wet, sick with scurvy.

The road was built by simple serfs, who not so long ago received their freedom after the abolition of serfdom, but did not know what to do with this will. Since the Russian Empire was still considered a backward agrarian country, the construction of the railway acquired a fundamental strategic importance. It was supposed to be a large-scale leap towards production and technical progress. Russia would become an even more serious player on the world stage. And so thousands of peasants, working tirelessly in the most difficult conditions, died there, on the construction of the railway, which was intended to become a symbol of the greatness and development of the state. Nekrasov's poem "Railroad" in 1864 is dedicated to this silent, forgotten feat of ordinary laborers.

Genre, direction and size

Many literary scholars are inclined to believe that "Railroad" is a poem that combines drama, satire and even a ballad. In its form, this is a conversation between fellow travelers (the general and his son Vanya) with the lyrical hero himself.

Nekrasov chose four-foot dactyl and cross rhyme as the size to create an atmosphere of narrative, gradual but intense conversation. This technique can even be compared in sound to the sound of wheels on a railway - a kind of sound writing creates this indescribable atmosphere of a ballad.

Composition

It is important to note that the poem is easily divided into 3 semantic parts.

1. The first is Nekrasov's description of nature, the beauty of his native land. The poet confesses his sincere love for the Russian land, and this creates a strong and effective contrast for the following parts.
2. The second part is the most epic, here Nekrasov writes how the dead peasants wake up to sing about their hard lot. The poet tells real story building a road with all the troubles of slave labor.
3. In the third part, the son Vanya informs his father about strange dream, in which he saw this story. The general laughs and replies that the people are a bunch of drunks, and truly beautiful and important things in the world are created by separate personalities - geniuses, not the people, and after that he encourages the lyric hero not to intimidate his son, but to tell the truth. The poet agrees and talks about the completion of the construction, when a barrel of wine was rolled up for the peasants and the "debts" that had come from nowhere were forgiven. The people were deceived again, but the railway was built, and now the chiefs will celebrate.

Images and symbols

In "Railroad" Nekrasov creates several very bright and skillfully designed images. The first of them is Russia and the Russian people. The poet calls the peasants God's warriors, peaceful children of labor, brothers, admiring the simplicity and strength of their characters.

In a vivid way, the tortured Belarusian became a symbol of everyone who was tortured by slave labor:

Bloodless lips, drooping eyelids,
Ulcers on skinny arms
Forever knee-deep in water
The legs are swollen; tangled hair.

Another vivid image is the general with whom the lyrical hero is talking. Not much has been said about him, but a few bright details make it possible to recreate the portrait of the proud man with ease. For example, a coat on a red lining immediately betrays a general in him, and arrogant words about the worthlessness of the people (and of any country and nationality) also depict him as an arrogant, proud, pompous person. The general lists the world's architectural wonders, clearly knowing a lot about them, but at the same time does not understand to whom he owes both his position and a coat with a red lining. At the same time, he dressed his son Vanya in a coachman's army jacket to emphasize his closeness to the people. Thanks to these three details, the poet masterly painted his readers a portrait of a typical "boss" from any sphere.

The image of a lyrical hero is a collective image of a real citizen who is aware of his duty to the people. He, not afraid of the general's anger, speaks the truth, which hurts the eyes of the masters. He is a conscientious, conscientious and fair person who insists on fair criticism of every initiative. Yes, the road is certainly important, but not at such a price.

Topics and problems

Nekrasov achieves the reader's emotional empathy with the help of vivid contrasts and contrasts, on which the poem is built. Marvelous Russian landscapes are replaced by scary pictures:

Straight path: narrow embankments,
Posts, rails, bridges.
And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ...
How many there are! Vanechka, do you know?

Just as quickly, the poet leads the reader away from the hardships of construction to a lonely unfortunate Belarusian, from him to a pompous general, and again to the tired faces of the peasants. Constantly creating contrasting situations, Nekrasov creates a tense atmosphere that completely absorbs attention.

The role of the themes raised in the poem is also important here. In addition to the fate of the peasantry, first tortured by the yoke of serfdom and then left without help, Nekrasov draws attention to the fate of Russia. Here are two prominent representatives countries: a general who talks about aesthetics and feigns patriotism, and the people themselves, who will never see this imaginary concern and symbolism in Vanya's attire. How can you talk about progress and the entrance into the world of industrial powers, when those for whom, it would seem, the state machine should work, die unknown thousands from slave labor?

The author also raises the problem of the indifference of gentlemen to fate ordinary people... The general considers the people to be a bunch of drunks, which is not worthy of his attention and regret. That is why the peasant was created, to work to death, he can do nothing else. But this hero does not even understand that he lives at the expense of all these people. If not for them, he would not have been able to provide for himself. The money, which generously supported the military ranks, was taken from the treasury, but who fills it? Not the king and not his retinue, but the working people who produce what is sold. Therefore, we can single out another problem - social injustice, because of which hundreds of people are forced to provide for one such general who does not strike a finger all his life, since he inherited the rank.

Main idea

Nekrasov compressed the entire tragedy of the era and the meaning of the poem to 4 lines, which play the role of an epigraph:

Vanya (in a coachman's jacket):
“Daddy! who built this road? "
Daddy (in a coat with a red lining):
"Count Pyotr Andreevich Kleinmichel, darling!"

Count Kleinmichel and the entire bureaucratic world, which received laurels, recognition and considerable reward, did not build the road. These rails lie on the bones of peasants tortured by hunger, disease, injustice and poverty. The poet proves this idea, satirically outlined in the epigraph, in his poem, and the more and more widespread the universal human problem appears: the common people, who at the cost of their lives build, fight, plow, will never receive well-deserved gratitude. Never in any country in the world. The general impudently asks the lyric hero:

I was recently within the walls of the Vatican,
I wandered around the Colosseum for two nights,
I saw Saint Stephen in Vienna,
What ... did the people create all this?

Yes, people. But the descendants will only have the name of the architect and the king, and those who create beauty, who feed, are lucky, defend their countries, the descendants will not remember. This is a great human tragedy not only for Russia, but for the whole world. This is the main idea of ​​the work.

Means of artistic expression

Nekrasov manages to achieve such a large-scale and expressive picture of the life and work of the peasant people with the help of a system of artistic means.

1. First, these are vivid epithets in the description of nature: glorious autumn, vigorous air, cold river;
2. Secondly, metaphors and comparisons: “The ice is not strong on the river, cold, like melting sugar is lying”, “I will poke my chest”;
3. Here is inversion (noble work habit);
4. Alliteration (leaves fade ... did not have time);
5. Assonance (I recognize my native Russia everywhere).

Interesting? Keep it on your wall!

Vania(in a coachman's jacket).
Daddy! who built this road?

Daddy(in a coat with a red lining),
Count Pyotr Andreevich Kleinmichel, darling!

Conversation in the carriage

Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous
The air invigorates tired strength;
Ice is not strong on the cold river
Like melting sugar lies;

Near the forest, as in a soft bed,
You can sleep - peace and space!
The leaves have not yet had time to fade,
Are yellow and fresh like a carpet.

Glorious autumn! Frosty nights
Clear, quiet days ...
There is no disgrace in nature! And kochi,
And moss swamps, and stumps -

All is well under the moonlight
I recognize my native Russia everywhere ...
I fly fast on cast-iron rails,
I think my thought ...

Good dad! Why in charm
Keep a smart Vanya?
Let me be with the moonlight
Show him the truth.

This work, Vanya, was terribly huge
Not on the shoulder alone!
There is a king in the world: this king is merciless,
Hunger is his name.

He leads the armies; at sea by ships
Rules; drives people into the artel,
Walks behind the plow, stands behind
Stonecutters, weavers.

It was he who drove the masses of the people here.
Many are in a terrible struggle
Calling these barren wilds to life,
They found a coffin here for themselves.

Straight path: narrow embankments,
Posts, rails, bridges.
And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ...
How many there are! Vanechka, do you know?

Chu! menacing exclamations were heard!
Stomp and gnashing of teeth;
A shadow ran over frosty glass ...
What is there? Dead crowd!

They overtake the cast-iron road,
They run by sides.
Do you hear the singing? .. "On this moonlit night
Love us to see our work!

We struggled in the heat, in the cold,
With your back always bent
We lived in dugouts, fought hunger,
Frozen and wet, sick with scurvy.

We were robbed by literate foremen,
The bosses whipped, the need pressed ...
We have endured everything, God's warriors,
Peaceful children of labor!

Brothers! You are reaping our fruits!
We are destined to rot in the ground ...
Do you remember all of us, the poor
Or forgotten for a long time? .. "

Do not be dismayed by their wild singing!
From Volkhov, from mother Volga, from Oka,
From different ends of the great state -
These are all your brothers - men!

It's a shame to be shy, to be covered with a glove,
You’re not small! .. Rus hair,
You see, standing, exhausted by fever,
Tall sick Belarusian:

Bloodless lips, drooping eyelids,
Ulcers on skinny arms
Forever knee-deep in water
The legs are swollen; tangled hair;

I will wash my chest, which is diligently on the spade
I spent the whole century day after day ...
You take a closer look at him, Vanya, carefully:
It was hard for a man to get his bread!

I did not straighten my hunchbacked back
He is still now: stupidly silent
And mechanically with a rusty shovel
Hollow ground hollows!

This noble work habit
It would not be bad for us to adopt ...
Bless the work of the people
And learn to respect the man.

Don't be shy about your dear homeland ...
Endured enough Russian people,
He took out this railroad too -
Whatever the Lord sends!

Will endure everything - and wide, clear
He will make a way for himself with his chest.
It's a pity - to live in this beautiful time
You won't have to - neither for me, nor for you.

The whistle is deafening this minute
Screamed - the crowd of the dead has disappeared!
"I saw, dad, I am an amazing dream, -
Vanya said, - five thousand men,

Russian tribes and breeds representatives
Suddenly appeared - and he he told me:
"Here they are - the builders of our road! .."
The general burst out laughing!

“I was recently within the walls of the Vatican,
I wandered around the Colosseum for two nights,
I saw Saint Stephen in Vienna,
What ... did the people create all this?

Excuse me for this impudent laugh,
Your logic is a little bit wild.
Or Apollo Belvedere for you
Worse than a stove pot?

Here are your people - these baths and baths,
A miracle of art - he took everything away! "-
"I'm not talking for you, but for Vanya ..."
But the general did not give an objection:

"Your Slav, Anglo-Saxon and German
Do not create - destroy the master,
Barbarians! a wild bunch of drunks! ..
However, it's time to get busy with Vanyusha;

You know, a spectacle of death, sorrow
It is a sin to resent a child's heart.
Would you show the child now
The bright side ... "

Glad to show!
Listen, my dear: fateful works
It's over - the German is already laying the rails.
The dead are buried in the ground; sick
Hidden in dugouts; working people

Gathered in a close crowd at the office ...
They scratched their heads tightly:
Every contractor should stay,
Walking days have become a penny!

The foremen entered everything in the book -
Did he take to the bathhouse, did the patient lie down:
“Maybe there is now a surplus here,
Why, come on! .. ”They waved their hand ...

In a blue caftan - a venerable meadowsweet,
Thick, squishy, ​​red as copper,
The contractor rides along the line on a holiday,
He goes to see his work.

Idle people make way decorously ...
Sweat wipes the merchant from the face
And he says, akimbo:
"Okay ... nest O... well done a! .. well done a!..

With God, now go home - congratulations!
(Hats off - if I say!)
I expose a barrel of wine to the workers
AND - I give arrears!..»

Someone shouted "hurray". Picked up
Louder, friendlier, longer ... Look:
The foremen rolled the barrel with the song ...
Here even the lazy one could not resist!

The people unharnessed their horses - and the merchant
Shouting "Hurray!" rushed along the road ...
Seems hard to please the picture
Draw, General? ..

Analysis of the poem "Railway" by Nekrasov

The overwhelming part of Nekrasov's work is devoted to the common Russian people, a description of their troubles and sufferings. He believed that a real poet should not deviate from reality into romantic illusions. The poem "Railroad" - vivid example the poet's civil lyrics. It was written in 1864 and is dedicated to the construction of the Nikolaev railway (1843-1851).

The railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow has become a grandiose project. He significantly raised the authority of Russia, reduced the gap with the developed European countries.

At the same time, construction was carried out using backward methods. The labor of the state and serfs was actually slave labor. The state did not reckon with the victims, many people died in hard physical work in unbearable conditions.

The introduction to the work is the subtle irony of Nekrasov. The general calls the builder of the railway not a mass of workers without rights, but Count Kleinmichel, famous for his cruelty.

The first part of the poem - lyrical description beautiful view opening before the eyes of the passengers of the train. Nekrasov lovingly depicts the landscape of "dear Rus". In the second part, there is an abrupt change. The narrator shows the general's son a terrible picture of the construction of the railway, which the high society prefers not to see. Thousands of peasant lives are behind the movement towards progress. From all parts of the immense Russia peasants were gathered here by the "real tsar" - hunger. Titanic work, like many large-scale Russian projects, is literally covered with human bones.

The third part is the opinion of a self-confident general, symbolizing the stupidity and limitations of high society. He believes that illiterate and always drunk men have no value. Only the highest creations of human art are important. In this thought, opponents of Nekrasov's views on the role of the creator in the life of society are easily guessed.

At the request of the general, the narrator shows Vanya the "bright side" of the construction. The work is over, the dead are buried, it's time to take stock. Russia proves its progressive development to the world. The Emperor and high society are triumphant. Site managers and merchants made significant profits. The workers were awarded ... a barrel of wine and forgiveness of accumulated fines. A timid exclamation of "hurray!" caught up in the crowd.

The picture of the general final jubilation is incredibly bitter and sad. The long-suffering Russian people will again be deceived. The symbolic price of the grandiose construction project (one third of the annual budget of the Russian Empire), which claimed thousands of lives, was expressed for ordinary workers in a barrel of vodka. They cannot appreciate the true value of their work and are therefore grateful and happy.