How to create your own transport company from scratch. How to open a logistics company from scratch without transport

Freight transportation is a highly demanded business sector today. Transport companies will always be in the black if there is a need to transport goods or move. But why do some firms go bankrupt? Simply because their owners initially led the wrong business policy. In the trucking market, the fittest survive, and this is a fact. But how not to become bankrupt and how to open a transport company from scratch? You will learn the answers to all these and many other questions in the course of our today's article.

Choice of work scheme

Before you open a transport company, you should determine the appropriate scheme of work. There are two options in total:

1. Organization of own transport company with own fleet of trucks. In this case, you can rent cars or buy them in the right amount by reissuing to an individual or legal entity. In addition, if you are counting on a large share of cargo transportation, you should hire qualified workers (mostly drivers). If the company's budget is small, you can hire a driver with a personal car. So you save not only time for searching for suitable personnel, but also money for purchasing your own fleet.
2. Provision of forwarding services. In this case, your company turns into a freight forwarding service. The essence of her work is to find carriers on the side. Thus, firms receive quite high profits. On average, they take from 5 to 10 percent of the total cost of transportation (for 1 freight). And this is with the complete absence of its own fleet and a minimum recruitment of workers. In general, the business is also very profitable.

How to open a transport company providing dispatch services? Pitfalls and more

The scheme of work of a company providing forwarding services is quite simple: a cargo owner - a dispatcher - a cargo carrier. What does it mean? The dispatching company connects the owner of the cargo with the carrier for the purpose of mutually beneficial cooperation. At the same time, the forwarding company takes into account all the interests of these two parties.

How to recruit your base of carriers?

In order to make a profit, the company must first have its own base of carriers, otherwise there will be no one to cooperate with. Here you can make a list of transport companies and private carriers - owners of trucks.

Compose this base need in such a way that you can organize not only car views freight, but also by sea, air or rail. Most modern forwarding companies operate according to this scheme. However, at first you can try yourself in only one type of transportation (it is desirable that it be road transport).

The documents

All companies and drivers with whom you will cooperate must have a full package of registration and permits. An agreement should be concluded with the owner of the freight transport, since without it, the dispatching company will be responsible for the delivery and safety of the cargo. What should be included in this document? When drawing up a contract, pay attention to the following points:

1. Shipping Name.
2. Its mass.
3. The type of cargo being transported.
4. Volume.
5. Place of loading / unloading.
6. Type and number of the vehicle.
7. Penalties for disruption of delivery (forfeit).

At the bottom of the contract, indicate the signature and seal of both parties (the carrier and the dispatch company). The exchange of documents is carried out in several ways: by fax or by e-mail. Delivery of cargo can also be paid in several ways: in cash (when loading / unloading) or by bank transfer.

In the latter case, payment is made within 7-14 banking days. But, as practice shows, money by "non-cash" may not come even after a month (fortunately, this happens very rarely).

How to open a shipping company?

First of all, you will have to think about purchasing transport, since in this case you simply cannot do without it. How does a transport company work? The whole essence of the work of your company will be to search for orders (this can be done through the same dispatch services) and deliver goods in various directions.

In this way, trucks will be the main "gear" in the work of the entire huge mechanism of the carrier company. Many start-up companies rent a fleet of vehicles. But if you have a large enough initial capital of the company, it is best to buy your own trucks and not pay monthly rent, as in the previous case.

When the number of cars in your fleet is 15 or more units, think about building your own service station or about working closely with a specific company involved in maintenance similar technology.

How to open an office?

Where exactly your office will be located does not matter. And if you decide to equip it, be sure to connect a multi-channel phone to it. Next, you should think about buying furniture, office equipment and connecting the Internet. In general, an office for such a company that delivers goods is not a mandatory aspect.

Most often, it is needed by dispatch companies that simply do not have their own fleet of vehicles. If you are a private carrier, open a website instead of an office. There you can specify all detailed information about your company, tariffs, as well as post photos of the fleet. So you will definitely interest the customer who wants to cooperate with your company.

The working staff of the company

When compiling a business plan for a transport company, it is impossible not to touch upon the problem of employing employees in your company. Is it even worth hiring people for your company? The question is very ambiguous. And the exact answer to it depends on the scale of transportation and the number of pieces of equipment. Agree, why hire a dozen people if you have only one car.

One of the most successful areas is logistics. How to start a logistics business? How to open your company from scratch? These and many other questions will be considered in this article.

What is logistics?

This is the transportation of various goods across the territory of one country or even between countries.

The direction has an extensive potential clientele due to the opinion of many wholesalers about the reliability and comfort of freight transportation. Many customers feel the speed of delivery of their goods, and it is possible to send both large-sized consignments and even small deliveries by the transport service.

Of course, sometimes service representatives face problems in the form of insolvent clients demanding the wrong conditions for the provision of services, but often clients trust firms, because the work is pleasant and successful.

Competition

business has enough high level competition - about 80 thousand companies are registered in Russia.

It helps to reduce competition that organizations often specialize in something specific: small loads, deliveries in the CIS or the ability to import and export, and so on. In addition, there are so many companies that need logistics services that there is enough demand even for beginners.

Download it for free ready to use as a template for yours.

Paperwork

As a standard, such organizations are registered as a CJSC, LLC or OJSC, less often as an entrepreneur without a legal entity. Any of the listed legal forms is worthy of existence, but is not without certain features. Worth sorting out:

1. PBOYUL is distinguished by the presence of a value added tax.
2. OJSC and CJSC are perfect if, according to the plan, you were going to organize a rapid and significant expansion of the business. These are both legal forms quite laborious and long are obtained, accompanied by tons of official papers, hours waiting for their turn and lost nerves.
3. An LLC is best suited specifically for a budding entrepreneur. Of course, registration is also a significant amount of time, but there are enough opportunities just to create your own company from scratch.

In order not to waste your own precious time on paperwork, you should contact a company specializing in these issues. Before you start working with her, be sure to check the reviews of her services, with her reputation for reliability and speed.

Premises selection

The money must go to providing reliable services, not the luxury of an office, so it will be enough to find a small room somewhere closer to the outskirts of the city, perhaps with an existing redecoration.

In this place, you or the official will organize the transport processes, so a large plasma, a wide table and comfortable chairs can come in handy.

Remember, warehouse office space must meet the requirements fire service and SES:

• Availability fire alarm;
• presence ventilation system;
• well-established work of water supply and heating;
• finishing the floor with non-slip material without any bumps and holes;
• organization of ramps for cars (preferably electric) in accordance with the standards.

It is also important for such enterprises to organize comfortable conditions for employees: a dining room-kitchen with a minimum set of electric kettle and electric stoves, bathroom with shower and own utility room.

Purchase of equipment

As in any business, the business processes of your personal logistics company will require the presence of specific equipment in the enterprise. Undoubtedly, it is better to buy new whenever possible in order to save yourself and your business from future problems. In addition, new equipment always comes with a warranty that allows you to call a free technician to repair problems.

The first thing you need transport business and logistics - purchase of rokl. As a standard, an enterprise must have one rokla per employee. In addition, the warehouses will need a forklift that works with pallets, on which goods will be delivered.

It is quite expensive, because novice business owners often buy this device second-hand. You can do this, but only with a preliminary check by the master of the device’s performance and the presence of internal breakdowns.

By the way, the beginning of the work of the organization can do without a loader, especially if there are no enterprises with bulky cargo among potential customers. But you can’t do without small inventory at all. In the transportation of goods, reliability is important, because the stocks of stretch tape and working adhesive tape should not end even on the day the enterprise works.

Staff

At the very beginning, the owner will try to get by with a minimum set of employees, paying their work a little more, but also loading them with a large number of responsibilities.

The owner himself will most likely begin to perform the work of an accountant and responsible for relations with the clientele. Remember that a cargo transportation project is quite exhausting, and therefore it is not worth keeping some employees in several positions for a long time, this will reduce their productivity.

Actually, who exactly is needed for the quick and efficient transportation of the customer's goods? The list of required vacancies includes:

1. Accountant responsible for cash discipline and work with documentation.
2. Account Manager, who is also in charge of cargo transportation.
3. Truck driver. For each car, it is worth taking two, and in the future three people for safe round-the-clock trips around the country. In addition, the more people, the faster the loading and unloading of goods will be carried out.
4. Mechanic in charge of all machines and technical means at the enterprise. Before buying in the park 6-7 cars this person can be hired from other organizations.

Cooperation with drivers

Drivers are the basic working units, like pharmacists in pharmaceuticals or maids in hotel business. That is why it is extremely important to conclude contracts with them only if there is a package of documentation necessary for official work.

This is necessary so that the responsibility for the cargo damaged on the road lies not with the organization, but with the driver himself. The creation of such contracts must include information about the weight of the cargo, its type, official name, places of loading and unloading of goods along the route, the number of the transport on which the goods were transported and signatures from both parties to the contract. Don't forget to stamp.

The company has the opportunity to pay drivers both in cash and by bank transfer.

Spending plan

We will compile a table of costs using the example of a small logistics company in a large regional city in Russia.

Suppose that this organization is engaged in the delivery of goods exclusively within the country. In order to be able to purchase everything necessary, the owner decided to take out loans, so the company will also have to pay the loan amount on a monthly basis. The cost table for the first time in this case is as follows:

When organizing your own enterprise, assume that you will have about six and a half million money for starting purchases. Decide for yourself whether the game is worth the candle, because there is a risk of not going beyond the competition.

According to the plan, some of the above lines of expenses are monthly, namely the payment of rent, payment utilities, wage employees, repayment of loans and maintenance of advertising.

Video: 5 steps to success in transport logistics.

Organization profit

If we follow a fairly optimistic scenario, in which, after its opening, the company practically did not remain without customers, sometimes accepting orders from several enterprises at once, at first the business's income will be about two million rubles per month. Taking into account monthly expenses, the net profit will be about 1,200 thousand rubles.

Further, the business remains only to expand, replenishing the car park and staff, renting sites for other centers and increasing the client base with the possibility of importing or exporting to other countries. Already after the solution of credit processes, profit will increase even more. The full profitability of the project will come in about 8-12 months.

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• Expansion of activities. LLC registration is a solution for the future. If the plans include access to other regions, it is desirable to become a legal entity.

How to open an IP for cargo transportation? Before opening an IP for cargo transportation, the following documents must be submitted to the registration authority:

• statement;
• passport and TIN with photocopies;
• receipt of payment of state duty.

How to open an LLC? To open an LLC, submit to the tax authority:

• statement;
• company name certified by Rospatent;
• founding documents;
• certificate of opening a current account;
• receipt for payment of state duty.

Choosing a taxation system and opening an account The optimal form of taxation for a transport company is UTII. At the same time, you can work simultaneously on 20 vehicles.

How to open a freight forwarding company

Attention

The company rents a box and parking with total area 500 sq. meters in the industrial area. One-time costs:

• purchase of transport - 19 million rubles;
• purchase of equipment - 550 thousand rubles

Info

The total amount of one-time costs that are required to open a logistics company for cargo transportation is 20 million rubles. If you take used cars, the costs will be reduced to 11 million rubles.

• rent - 600 thousand rubles;
• utility bills - 50 thousand rubles;
• salary - 12 million rubles;
• overhead costs - 2 million rubles;
• tax contributions - 2 million rubles.

Total expenses per year will amount to 17 million rubles. With an annual income of 20 million rubles, the net profit will be 5.5 million rubles.

Business Idea No. 75: How to open a logistics company for the transportation of goods?

Net income will be 5,220,000 - 3,060,000 = 2,160,000 rubles. The payback of starting investments in a transport company and reaching a stable monthly profit is 1-2 years.

Advantages and features of the transport business When planning to develop a business in the field of cargo transportation, each subject entrepreneurial activity should learn about its advantages and "pitfalls":

• no need to issue licenses;
• fierce competition in this business sector;
• problems with personnel (it is difficult to find conscientious and “clean-handed” employees);
• the need for large start-up capital;
• frequent breakdowns road transport(expenses for repairs and the purchase of spare parts increase);
• constant advertising of transport services;
• the ability to reduce the amount of initial investments by attracting rented cars to cooperation, etc.

Business ideas from scratch

Your actions:

1. Draw up the decision and the agreement of the founders on the creation of the LLC.
2. Form the authorized capital (at least 10 thousand rubles or property equivalent to this amount).
3. Develop the Articles of Association of the LLC.
4. Fill out an application for state registration your company (form No. 11001).
5. Pay the state duty (4000 rubles).
6. Attach to the application a receipt of payment of the state duty and copies of constituent documents.
7. If among the founders there are Foreign citizens, you will need an extract from the register of foreign legal entities RF.
8. Submit the package of documents to the state registration authorities.

Financial costs To engage in forwarding services, you will need a fairly impressive start-up capital. Minimum 250 thousand rubles. you must have.

How to open a transport company: organizing a logistics business

If there is no client base, and at first you will be engaged in dispatching services, 1 dispatcher and you performing all other functions (director, accountant, manager) will be enough. Be sure to equip your office:

• desktop with a computer with Internet access;
• telephone with multichannel communication;
• office equipment: MFP, fax.

Buy quality software, allowing:

• register contracts;
• consider applications;
• calculate the cost of services, the cost and profitability of services for each client;
• automate supply chain management;
• write out primary documentation quickly and accurately;
• generate reports;
• generate an extract at the request of the customer.

Personnel Look for employees with experience.

How to open a transport company: business features, costs and profits

The undoubted advantages in the transport business are:

• no need to obtain a license;
• "start" and the initial stages of business development will not require too large financial investments;
• "buoyancy" and "fortress";
• According to statistics, the percentage of bankruptcy among transport companies is one of the smallest, because after the first and second waves of the crisis, representatives of this market segment recovered very quickly.

Opening a transport company from scratch - what do the owners of such a business say? The video below provides the answer. Company registration Most transport companies are registered as CJSC (closed joint-stock companies), LLC, OJSC, as well as PBOYuL (entrepreneur without forming a legal entity).
Each of these organizational and legal forms is endowed with its own disadvantages and advantages.

Logistics as a business

Important

The cost of the “truck” is several million rubles, it is beneficial to use it for long-distance flights, and at the initial stage they will be too big a risk for you. 2 Start doing business with "dispatchers" - forwarding companies that select private carriers to fulfill the orders they have accepted. The cost of cargo delivery offered by the customer company and the profit that you will receive from forwarding intermediaries are very different, but large customers do not work directly with "private traders".

How to open a transport company

Only with eight trucks at your disposal can you consider yourself a serious company. The services of transport companies involve a much wider range of possibilities than assistance with moving to new office or to a country cottage.

It is necessary to strive, of course, to obtain tenders for freight forwarding to other regions of the country. 4 Develop for yourself a reliable, as far as possible, a system for selecting drivers who can be trusted with equipment and expensive goods. Find good driver to a “truck” is not always an easy task, especially when you consider that the cost of delivering cargo sometimes amounts to more than one hundred thousand rubles.
You can check the "past" of candidates with the help of collection companies or individuals providing similar services. It is possible that driving personnel in the transport business does not solve absolutely everything, but without proven drivers, you definitely won’t “leave” far.

Open a logistics company from scratch. transport logistics + video

So you will avoid unwanted mistakes, fuss, conflict situations, queuing. Before choosing such an assistant firm, make sure of its decency, experience and competence.

Among other things, you will be required to make start-up capital and opening a company bank account. Room selection office space will not only be the legal address of the enterprise (in connection with which a lease agreement will be required between the owner of the area and the newly formed company), but will also be the “face” of your company, which should not be forgotten.

It is not necessary, not even desirable, for the office to be "immersed in luxury", but it should look decent: a simple renovation and new office equipment, as well as an impressive plasma or a projector in the presentation room - this is a necessary minimum.

Studying the business areas in which today you can actively develop, novice entrepreneurs should pay attention to the field of cargo transportation. This industry directly depends on the growth of the industrial sector, as well as on the general economic situation in the state.

When planning to open a transport company, a novice businessman must first of all monitor the local market, realistically assess his ability to compete, and also draw up a competent financial plan. Registration After acceptance final decision concerning the opening of a transport company, a businessman must go through the state registration procedure.

By the way, the beginning of the work of the organization can do without a loader, especially if there are no enterprises with bulky cargo among potential customers. But you can’t do without small inventory at all. In the transportation of goods, reliability is important, because the stocks of stretch tape and working adhesive tape should not end even on the day the enterprise works.

Personnel At the very beginning, the owner will try to get by with a minimum set of employees, paying them a little more, but also loading them with a lot of responsibilities. The owner himself will most likely begin to perform the work of an accountant and responsible for relations with the clientele.

Remember that a cargo transportation project is quite exhausting, and therefore it is not worth keeping some employees in several positions for a long time, this will reduce their productivity.

How to open a logistics company from scratch without transport

Refrigerators are needed to transport food (including perishables). The costs look like this:

• refrigerator car (2 units) - 10 million rubles;
• cargo GAZ 3307 (5 units) - 5.8 million rubles;
• "Gazelle" GAZ 3302 (5 units) - 3.3 million rubles.

To cut costs, buy used cars.

Or start with a part of the fleet, leasing or renting the rest of the equipment. Note! Starting a transport company without cars from scratch is much cheaper.

The equipment will be required only for the control room. There is no need to purchase vehicles and equip repair boxes. Staff for a trucking company Before you open a trucking company, you need to hire drivers, commercial department specialists and car mechanics. Drivers 2-3 drivers should be assigned to each car.

Starting a freight forwarding business is the right decision. But there is a danger: along with the high demand for this business, competition is growing. Doing this business from scratch is better for entrepreneurs with experience in the transport sector. They will only have to learn how to open a trucking company.

Demand for the freight forwarding business

Those who are not connected with logistics often ask the question, is it profitable to engage in cargo transportation? The volumes of imports and exports in the country are increasing every year, therefore, the demand for this type of activity is also increasing. Cargo transportation is an actual business, which entails the growth of numerous organizations involved in the provision of such services. Most often, such companies are founded by entrepreneurs, most of whose knowledge is logistics. There are departments that have mastered the transportation of goods, studied the documents and offer their own services. If there is a problem with a lack of cars, then the organization attracts cars from neighboring companies. Thus, a new department is created offering customers various types transport and services.

Main types of enterprises

To answer the question - how to open a transport company from scratch, you need to deal with various types enterprises:

• Companies that provide services to individuals.
• Individual entrepreneur assisting legal parties.
• Establishments transporting goods for industrial enterprises.
• Companies that are engaged in the delivery of groupage cargo.
• Enterprises engaged in the search for orders, intermediary firms.

Features of the transport organization

It should start with the fact that logistics involves the development of the optimal route, including all possible stops, breakdowns, interruptions. Logistics exists as an independent transport area. The advantage of this case is that its bankruptcy is almost unrealistic. Also, to organize a business from scratch, you do not need to invest a fortune. The business of trucking does not require a license. However, many unscrupulous companies have appeared that are not responsible for their actions. They also do not have permits. They often do not even know how to open a transport company. Logistics in the transport business has six key rules:

1. Required cargo.
2. Right place.
3. The right time.
4. Required amount.
5. Appropriate quality.
6. Minimum costs.

Logistics has its own approach to the organization of transport business. It:

• More than 2 modes of transport.
• Availability of a single through rate for transportation.
• The interaction scheme is sequential-central.

Registration of a company and types of taxation

When asked how to start a business, there is only one answer - documents. You should register a company and decide on the taxation system. You should also decide on the organizational and legal form of the enterprise:

• IP (individual entrepreneurship).
• LLC (when several founders participate).

For individual entrepreneurs, a single tax on imputed income has been adopted. This tax is suitable for businesses cooperating with individuals and for those who work without VAT.

For LLC the best option – general system taxation.

Financial sphere

If an entrepreneur is thinking about how to open a transport company from scratch and plans to start a long-term business, then he needs to open a bank account. Many customers will show a desire to pay for services by bank transfer. The total revenue of an individual entrepreneur or LLC consists of profit from freight traffic. If the question arises, is it profitable to engage in cargo transportation, then the answer is unequivocal - yes. Cargo transportation as a business is quite profitable. Average rates are from 25 to 40% of profit. Main items of expenditure:

• Salary.
• Taxes.
• Spare parts.
• The documents.
• Purchase of fuels and lubricants.
• General expenses.

Recruitment for the company

To stay on the market, an individual entrepreneur or LLC needs to organize a high-quality personnel department. Quantity employees depends on the size of the car park. In any case, you need to start with the selection of the following employees:

• Drivers. There should be more of them than cars. 3 people are required per car.
• Mechanic. If an entrepreneur has more than six machines, then he will need at least 1 specialist.
• Dispatchers. The control room needs exactly as many employees as there are cars in the fleet. The control room must be equipped with high-quality equipment, as this is one of the main jobs.
• Accountant. It will be needed if there is a fleet of ten cars or more, if the company operates in the LLC format. This person will prepare all financial and reporting documents in a timely manner.

Dissemination of information about the company

After the IP is registered, documents are drawn up and staff is selected, it is necessary to take care of material support. Then you should form your permanent customer base and select suppliers. Initially, there may be distrust on the part of the customer, he will doubt the quality of the goods, the competence of the workers.

In order to appease the client, you need to provide him with as much information as possible about your institution, staff and services.

Prepare Required documents confirming the existence of the firm. We must not forget that advertising should not be in the foreground to start a business. It can greatly affect the budget of a newly created enterprise. At the same time, aggressive advertising can attract too much a large number of customers that a start-up entrepreneur cannot serve. First you need to place ads about IP, LLC on information boards, in in social networks. With the increase own business and the range of consumers will increase. Thus, it will be possible to increase your advertising campaign.

When to start your own business

When starting a business from scratch, consider the time of year. For what? In order to correctly calculate their strength with an increase in the volume of work. The summer period is considered the quietest in order to organize cargo transportation. The autumn period is the busiest season. The trucking business is a very profitable niche, but it requires close attention by the entrepreneur. Organizing a transport business from scratch is not difficult, especially since you do not need an enterprise license. Therefore, you can use IP to start your own business. Logistics and its knowledge will help the entrepreneur organize the best route, rationally organize expenses. When registering an enterprise, a business entity receives all the necessary documents.