Optimal techniques for working with a modern electric plane. How to work with an electric plane with maximum efficiency? Processing a wide board with a streak-free plane

The plane is a traditional carpenter's tool, a kind of symbol of this profession. The form of the instrument and the methods of working with it, despite its technical improvement, have essentially not changed over the years.

In order for the process of planing a wooden blank to proceed "without a knot, without a hitch" (as evidenced by the twisted shavings that freely emerge from the slot in the block of the planer), it is necessary to fine-tune the planer knife and correctly drive the plane along the planed surface.

Gouging is a real pleasure when from the plane thin and long twisted shavings fly out.

Having fixed the knife in the vice of the workbench planer with exposed chipbreaker, slightly tighten the screw. After the chipbreaker is fixed itself due to its springiness.

Insert a knife into the notch of the plane and at first only fix by hand a wedge in its guides.

To determine, is it set correctly knife (its blade should be parallel sole plane planer and slightly protrude above it), you just need flip the plane and appreciate the mutual parallelism of the blade knife and soles on the eye. To readjust (if necessary) position knife, release the wedge, position the knife correctly and fix it again wedge.

When planing the faces of the workpieces, the knife should remove chips of uniform thickness. To do this, you need to adjust the chipbreaker jointer, double planer (double blade) or sanding. The chipbreaker fulfills its function as it is named and should be positioned slightly higher (approx. 1 mm) and firmly attached to the blade of the knife.

First, a knife with a chipbreaker fixed on it is inserted into the slot (tap hole) of the shoe (body) and slightly wedged. Then the knife is exposed with light blows of a hammer so that its blade is parallel to the sole of the planer and protrudes slightly above it. After that, the knife is finally fixed in the block with a wedge, screw or cam clamp (depending on the design of the plane).

Since during planing, the upper part of the worker's body moves together with the plane, the carpenter should stand on the side parallel to the workpiece being processed, with one leg forward. To prevent the plane from tipping over at the beginning and at the end of the workpiece (then in these areas the surface to be processed will be uneven), you should first put more force on its front handle, and then at the exit - on the back.

PRECISION CUT

In modern planers with a metal block, the knife is usually fixed with a screw. With another screw (adjusting), you can adjust the plane to the required thickness of the removed chips with an accuracy of hundredths of a millimeter. In addition, such planers are equipped with a so-called knife tilt regulator, which allows you to quickly, just by pressing your thumb on the corresponding lever, correctly set the knife blade relative to the planer sole.

PLANING EDGES

When planing the edges of flat workpieces, you should move the plane along a flat path along the entire length of the workpiece, leaning on it evenly. In this case, the knife must be securely fixed so that it does not vibrate in the block. In addition, chip breakage should be avoided by cutting in the direction of the wood grain. When cutting wood with a fine and irregular texture (eg root), the knife must be sharpened very well. When planing, such a workpiece should be constantly rotated.

Cutting off a narrow edge is more convenient using, for example, a piece of board, pressed against the workpiece, or planed simultaneously the edges of several thin boards assembled in a package. In this case the supporting surface increases for the sole of the planer.

So that the edge does not turn out to be rounded, keep the plane straight without tilting in any direction.

Scherhebel can be removed in one pass thicker layer of material.

The butt end of the workpiece will be much easier if you hold the plane at an angle to the faces of the workpiece.

Wide wooden lining, clamped to both edges of the workpiece, eliminates chips when processing the end.

The faces of the workpieces are not long length are very smooth with a silky shine after processing with only one grinder.

When planing the faces, it is necessary constantly check steel square their processed surface.

When machining long workpieces best proven a jointer that can even be planed towards the fibers.

PLATE SHEARING

To make a rough, but even surface smooth, it is enough to process it with a grinder (a tool with an inclination of the knife increased to 60 ° for fine planing of hard-to-cut wood) and a jointer. To eliminate irregularities or remove a thicker layer, sherhebel treatment will be required. The latter is equipped with a narrow (33 mm wide) convex knife with an oval blade, capable of removing chips up to 3 mm thick in one pass. After that, the face must be leveled with a grinder and "ironed out" with a jointer.

END CLEANING

When cleaning the ends of the workpieces, the plane is driven in the direction "away from you", making short jerks to them. In this case, the wood fibers are cut across, which requires a little more effort and the use of very sharp knife... To avoid chipping at the edge in the direction of which the end face of the workpiece is being machined, this edge can be chamfered beforehand. And it is better to first process one half of the end to the middle, and then, turning the workpiece 180 °, - its second half.

More than during operation, the blades deteriorate from contact with foreign objects when the plane is not used. During breaks in work, the plane should be placed on the side or with the front of the sole on wooden stand... For long-term storage or when transporting the planer in the tool box, the knife should be removed inside the block.

The electric planers, which have been on the market since the mid-20th century, have become indispensable for the lumber craftsman. Their popularity is due to the presence of a number of advantages over conventional hand planers. When using a power tool, the labor intensity of the process is reduced, labor productivity is increased, and the quality of processing of workpieces is also improved. In addition to planing with the help of a tool, specialists perform quarter sampling, chamfering and other operations. For the result to be of high quality, you need to know how to work with an electric plane and follow safety rules.

An electric plane purchased recently or for the first time in practice must be checked.

It is not recommended to start operating the mechanism without preparation, because this can lead to its breakage or damage to wooden blanks.

First, you should familiarize yourself with operating instructions... Then carry out preliminary preparation checking:

• the position of the front of the sole;
• the degree of freedom of rotation of the working drum with the cutting elements fixed on it;
• Availability various damages plug, power cord, housing;
• freedom of movement of the power button;
• the correct position of the knives.

The operability and completeness of the electric planer must be checked even at the time of purchase. The rotation of the drum is checked by moving it by hand. The function of the button is by pressing it. The integrity of the unit is determined visually. When no defects are found, a test switch-on of the equipment can be carried out.

Before planing with an electric plane or performing other operations with it, it is recommended that you first practice processing on unnecessary boards or bars. This will allow you to "fill your hand" and adapt to the technique in order to get an acceptable result in the absence of the necessary practical experience.

If the tool starts to vibrate when it is turned on, or low quality processing boards (waves appear on the surface of the wood, seizures), then you should sharpen or replace the knives on the drum.

Setting the correct position of the front of the plate

It is recommended to start setting up the electric planer by adjusting the position of the front part of the plate with the plug disconnected from the network. This will require use a ruler or suitable size a piece of ordinary glass. All actions are performed in this sequence.

1. The front (movable) part of the sole is set with the help of a special regulating handle in a position that provides the minimum depth when planing.
2. Place the power tool upside down on a level workbench or work table.
3. The drum is scrolled so that one of the knives is located above its axis.
4. A ruler or glass is placed on the sole: in this case, they must lie in the same plane.

When the overlay on the slab is tilted, then this defect is eliminated as follows:

• remove the adjusting handle and the front of the sole;
• clean the opened cavity from shavings and dust;
• lubricate the mechanism;
• put the stove in its original place;
• install the handle;
• check the position of the sole with a ruler.

The adjustment is complete when the glass or ruler is in the same plane as the sole.

Checking the blade setting

The installation of the blades is checked using metal ruler... To do this, it is applied to the edge of the plate. Then they look to see if the blades located on the drum touch the ruler. When the knives do not come into contact with the ends of the lining, they begin to adjust them. Using the wrench (hex) supplied with the power tool, loosen the blades on the drum. Then the cutting edge of the knife is set parallel to the sole so that it protrudes about 0.5 mm for flat models and from 1 mm (or more) for rounded ones.

Using the considered method, the position of the blades is adjusted for models with both one knife and two or three. After completing the adjusting adjustments, they will be installed in the desired position.

It should be borne in mind that the depth of planing and the ease of movement of the tool depend on the protrusion of the knife above the sole.

When the blades are in the correct position, they should not touch the sole when the drum rotates.

Possible working positions of the electric planer

Some models of electric planers are included in the kit support-stand... This makes it possible to perform work using this device in two ways:

• by placing it in a stationary position, when the power tool is fixed motionlessly (rigidly) to the workbench or table;
• using the electric planer as a portable equipment.

In the latter case, the movement of the tool occurs along the machined surface. So it is convenient to handle long pieces of wood.

Electric planer with support-stand included

A rigidly fixed instrument is, in fact, planing machine. A piece of wood is driven over it, pressing it with sufficient force. At the same time, it is convenient to carry out working operations with the help of a partner. Small lumber can be handled alone.

The easiest way to prepare an electric plane for work is to turn to specialists for help. to the service center... Self-tuning of the tool should be carried out according to the recommendations set out in the manufacturer's instructions.

Performing various types of work with an electric plane

Various operations can be performed with electric planers:

• to plan wide or narrow planks, as well as other wooden blanks;
• choose quarters;
• chamfer.

Before performing work, you should select lumber of proper quality:

• no knots;
• well dried;
• without cavities filled with resin, chips and cracks (longitudinal or transverse);
• with a flat surface that does not contain depressions or protrusions;
• there should be no metal inclusions in the board or in the bar: nails, screws, bolts, brackets, screws, staples and others.

With a portable method of using an electric planer, the workpiece is securely fixed on a hard surface. To do this, install at least 2 stops, but it is better to place them on all sides of the part. They also provide free movement of the power cord so that it does not get caught. Operator safety depends partly on this.

Cutting a quarter with an electric plane

Quarter sampling (folding) is one of the operations performed with an electric planer. To complete it, you need installation of two stops:

• the first (upper) one, which controls the movement of the tool along the workpiece in the desired direction;
• the second (side), which determines the sampling depth of the quarter.

The stops are set to the required dimensions, following the instructions of the operating instructions for the product used. In this case, the measurement of the distances is carried out, being guided by the cutting edge of the blade, which occupies the upper position.

There are two ways to choose a quarter:

• moving an electric plane over the workpiece;
• moving the processed wooden detail on a homemade machine.

In any case, the movement of the power tool or workpiece must be at the same speed (smooth).

Removal of the fold in the first case is carried out in several passes, while acting as follows.

1. Marking lines are applied on the surface of a well-fixed workpiece using a marker or pencil, defining the depths with the width of a quarter.
2. Include an electric plane.
3. After a set of full revolutions with the drum, the tool is brought to the workpiece. The movement begins with light pressure on the front of the working unit, equalizing the force after the sole is completely on the surface of the part and increasing it at the end.
4. Perform passes until reaching the right sizes sampling.

Quarter sampling scheme

It is convenient to use a marking cord for marking long workpieces.

The second option (stationary) is more productive when it is necessary to perform significant work. They work with the workpiece slowly. After her Front edge comes out of the drum, it is intercepted with the second hand, distributing the force evenly over the part.

Sampling a quarter is enough complex operation that requires this kind of skills. Therefore, the following errors may occur:

• corner bevel caused by poor clamping of the workpiece;
• "Ladder" resulting from improper installation or adjustment of the position of the knives;
• curved groove due to the original curvature of the side face of the workpiece.

Uneven pressure on the plane and its collapse in any direction when removing the fold leads to the appearance of bulges, roughness, grooves. Therefore, you should constantly monitor it, which comes with experience.

Planing the surface of lumber

Planing wood is the main function of the electric plane. When performing this operation, you must follow these recommendations.

For rough planing it is allowed to move the tool across the grain of the wood. To minimize the appearance of defects, the plane must be moved slowly, evenly distributing the work forces. Planing panel structures on homemade stationary equipment is quite difficult. In such cases, it is better to use a hand held device.

The ends are planed until the border is reached chamfering... So that the processed workpiece is no stripes, make additional passes with a plane on its surface, setting the knives to a minimum depth.

In the event of vibration or other manifestations uncharacteristic for the normal operation of the plane, you should turn it off and deal with the cause of the malfunction.

How to plan boards is shown in the video:

Chamfering of workpieces

Chamfering refers to additional opportunities electric planers. For this purpose it is intended V-groove on their sole. To perform chamfering, the tool is installed with this notch on the corner of the workpiece. Then the plane is moved along the part, maintaining the required slope. After the first pass, the rest can be made normally without using the groove. In this case, the bevel angle is set using a side stop, which must constantly fit tightly to the workpiece during the entire operation.

When chamfering, the power tool should be kept level, without distortions, so that it does not turn out to be rounded at the end.

Experience and skills are required for high-quality performance of any of the considered operations with an electric plane.

Safety rules when working with an electric plane

An electric plane is a device, when working with which safety precautions must be followed. The main damaging (traumatic) factors are:

• a high-speed rotating tool drum with knives located on it;
• electric current flowing through the device.

For safe work with an Interskol electric plane or any other model, the following rules must be observed.

1. The workplace must be kept clean and well lit.
2. Do not use a power tool in rooms where there is significant the likelihood of fires or explosions due to the presence of flammable liquids, dust or gas.
3. Do not allow unauthorized persons or children to approach the working tool, but it must be stored in a place inaccessible to them.
4. It is forbidden to be distracted while working on other matters, as this may cause loss of control over the tool.
5. Can't be allowed water ingress power tool in use and carry it by the cord.
6. If an extension cord is used, then it must be suitable for the load, and also have continuous insulation.
7. The power cable should be kept away from very hot objects and temperature sources, from moving parts of various mechanisms, as well as from sharp edges and various liquids (especially oily).
8. It is forbidden for the body to come into contact with surfaces that are grounded (for example, radiators and heating pipes) while working with the plane.
9. Do not use a power tool while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or under the influence of drugs or fatigue.
10. It should be carried out regularly preventive process maintenance devices.
11. Do not touch the drum while it is running.

Connecting a power tool through an RCD (residual current device) in any case increases the safety of working with the equipment. The protection should be selected according to the size of the load.

Conclusion

The operation of the electric planer begins with correct preparation him to work. Planing, quartering, or chamfering operations are performed in different ways. It should be remembered that the use of a defective power tool is prohibited. It is recommended that only original spare parts be installed during repairs. The troubleshooting should be entrusted to specialists. service center in the absence of the necessary skills. Ignoring these safety rules can lead to injuries of varying severity, electric shock and even fire.

There are many planers and planers available for planing boards. However, if the board is rather wide, more than 200mm, then it is quite problematic to stitch it straight, on a plane, since one side of the board is convex, and the other has curved edges.

In this case, it is better to apply different planing techniques. The first way is to walk with a not wide electric plane, on protruding places. This is done in order to evenly carry out planing and prevent skewing of the plane of the board, to one of its edges.

At the same time, strict protruding edges, it is necessary with a small thickness of planing removal, go through the same number of times one and the other side. Finally, we plan the board on a wide planer. If there is no planer, then on the electric plane, special knives with rounded ends are installed so that there is a protrusion between narrow aisles, since the width of the planer when planing is less than the board.

If you have a large machine, then in order to avoid distortions when planing an uneven board, on one convex side, chips are poured onto the bed, after which the board is rubbed and lies flat when planing. This simplest technique allows you to avoid skewing when planing.

You should not neglect the clamping device that many planing machines are equipped with, since they not only press the board, but also press it evenly. Upon reaching flat surface boards, the main thing is well-sharpened and adjusted knives, plus a thin layer of planing.

If you have a planer narrower than the board being processed, then the board should be planed in one pass, then on the one hand, then on the other. Thus. You will achieve a flat surface wide board.

The boarding process requires responsibility, care and precision.

V this material we will talk about how to plan a wide board, and in general about the clipping process. Its main task is to obtain a perfectly flat plane without height differences. Also, this stage is preparatory to the aesthetic processing of wood. Only after ostrozhka you will be able to polish the board and cover it with special decorating compounds or varnish. This procedure is performed in several ways, and the following table will give you an approximate description of these processes.

How to plan a board with an electric plane

Electric planer - a tool that greatly simplifies the cutting process

Let's move on to how to plan a wide board with an electric plane. This task is not an easy one, although, of course, it is easier than the work of an ordinary hand plane... The fact is that the uniformity of the claw depends on you, which is regulated by the force of pressure on the apparatus. In this case, the effort should be made with a constant equal effort. Otherwise, the surface that you plan will turn out to be non-uniform. This is especially true for wide boards, where you need to pass with a plane in several lines. The first run is a sighting run, it will set the surface removal depth for all other runs. Now about how to properly plan boards with an electric plane. As we have already said, the uniformity of pressure on the surface and the constancy of the applied forces are very important. In addition, it is important to lead the plane in a straight path, without leaving the side. Preliminary markup can help with this or laser level... It is also very important to position the board correctly. It should lie on a perfectly flat surface, then the result will be maximum. By the way, there is a more advanced version of the electric planer - a thickness gauge, with its help the process of controlling the evenness of the planer becomes simpler.