Fire sirens sounds help to quickly evacuate people in case of fire. Additional PS capabilities when using software. Fire factors detection principles

Appointment and tasks of PS

Fire alarm system - a set of technical means for detecting a fire, processing, presentation in a given form of fire notice, special information and (or) issuing commands to inclusion automatic installations Fire extinguishing and technical devices.

The main tasks of the functioning of the fire alarm system in conjunction with organizational events - These are the tasks of saving the lives of people and preserving the property. Fire damage minimization directly depends on the timely detection and localization of the fire.

Terms and Definitions

Fire alarm loop is a link in a fire alarm system between a reception-control device, a fire detector and other technical means of the fire alarm system.

Fire detectors - technical remedydesigned to detect fire factors and / or forming a fire signal. There are various fire factors - smoke, warm, open flame.

Reception and control devices are multifunctional devices designed for receiving signals from detectors on signaling loops, inclusion of light and sound branches, issuing information on the consoles of centralized observation, ensuring the procedure for controlling the state of zones (loops) using controls. You can use remote and built-in keyboards with secret codes, as well as readers together with electronic identifiers (cards and keys).

Alards - devices for alarm alerts on an object using sound or light signals.

VUO is a remote optical indication device. Designed to determine the place of the shown detector (if detectors do not have their own address device).

Fire factors detection principles

In fire alarm systems, the detectors are designed to detect a particular fire factor or combinations of factors:

• Smoke. When evaluating this factor, the detector analyzes the presence of combustion products in the air in the amount of protected premises. You can select the two most common types of detectors working on the fact of detection of smoke:
  • Detectors producing local (spot) control of the optical density of air entering the optical chamber of the detector when moving air flows in the room. To do this, in the optical chamber of the fire detector under a certain angle, an infrared LED and a photodetector is installed. In the onset mode of operation of the detector infrared radiation from the LED not falls on the photodetector. However, if there is a smoke in an optical chamber, its particles dispel infrared radiation, and it reaches a photodetector. When the reflected light stream is above the installed magnitude, the detector Fire smoke forms a fire alarm signal.
  • Detectors controlling the optical density of air in a certain amount (linear detectors). These detectors are two-component, consisting of emitter and receiver (or from one block of the emitter and reflector receiver). A receiver and transmitter of such a detector are located at the ceiling on the opposite walls of the protected room. In standby mode, the transmitter signal is fixed by the receiver. In the case of ignition smoke, rises to the ceiling, reflecting and disperse the transmitter signal. The receiver calculates the ratio of the level of the current value of this signal to the signal level corresponding to the signal in standby mode. Upon reaching a certain threshold of this magnitude, an alarming notification of fire alarm is formed.
• Heat. In this case, the detectors are estimated and the temperature increase in the protective room. Thermal detectors are divided into:
  • Maximum - forming a fire notice when a previously defined environmental temperature values \u200b\u200bare reached;
  • Differential - forming fire notice when the rate of increasing ambient temperature is exceeded above the set threshold value;
  • Maximum-differential - combining the functions of the maximum and differential thermal fire detectors.
• Open flame. Flame detectors react to such a factor as the radiation of the flame or the glow focus. Flame different materials It is a source of optical radiation having its own features in various fields of the spectrum. Accordingly, different foci of burning has their own individual spectral characteristics. Therefore, the type of sensor is selected taking into account the features of radiation sources located in the field of its action. Flame detectors are divided into:
  • Ultraviolet - use the range from 185 to 280 nm - the ultraviolet region;
  • Infrared - react to the infrared part of the flame spectrum;
  • Multi-spectral - reacting both to the ultraviolet part of the spectrum and infrared. To implement this method, several receivers are selected, capable of reacting to radiation in various sections of the source radiation spectra.
• A special place is given to the detection of fire factors directly by man through his senses. In such cases, manual fire detectors are installed to manually turn on the fire alarm signal in fire alarm systems.

Types of fire alarm

The non-educational (traditional) fire alarm system

In such systems, the receiving-control devices determine the status of the signaling loop, measuring the electric current in the signaling loop with the detectors installed in it, which can only be in two static states: "norm" and "fire". When fixing the fire factor, the detector forms the "fire" notice, jumpingly changing its internal resistance and, as a result, changes the current in the signaling loop.

It is important to separate the alarming notifications from service associated with faults in the signaling loop or false responses. Therefore, the entire range of loop resistance values \u200b\u200bfor the receiving and control device is divided into several areas, each of which is fixed by one of the modes ("norm", "attention", "fire", "malfunction"). The detectors are defined in the line of the signaling loop, taking into account their individual internal resistance In the state of "norm" and "fire".

Traditional systems provide for such features such as the ability to automatically reset the fire detector to confirm the work, the ability to detect several detectors in the loop, as well as the implementation of mechanisms to minimize the influence of transient processes in the loops.

Address and threshold system of fire alarm

The difference between the address-threshold signaling system from the traditional lies in the topology of constructing the scheme and the survey algorithm of the sensors. The receiving and control device cyclically polls the connected fire detectors in order to find out their condition. At the same time, each detector in the loop has its own unique address and may be already in several static states: "norm", "fire", "malfunction", "Attention", "dusting" and so on. Unlike traditional systems, a similar survey algorithm allows you to determine the location of the fire with an accuracy of the detector. Fireproof standards In Russia, it is allowed to install one address detector for detecting a fire, provided that the signal is not formed to control the fire extinguishing installation or alert system of the 5th type, on the response of this fire detector.

Address and analog fire alarm system

Address and analog systems are currently the most progressive, they possess all the advantages of address-threshold systems, as well as additional functionality. In address and analog systems, the decision on the status of the object takes the control device, and not the detector. That is, in the configuration of the control device, for each connected address device, the triggering thresholds ("Norma", "Attention" and "Fire") are specified. This allows you to flexibly form fire alarm modes for premises with different degrees of external interference (dust, level of production sluffiness, etc.), including during the day. Control device Constantly performs a survey of connected devices and analyzes the obtained values \u200b\u200bby comparing them with threshold values \u200b\u200bspecified in its configuration. In this case, the topology of the address line, to which the detectors are connected, can be ring. In this case, the cliff of the address line will lead to the fact that it will simply decide on two radial independent loops that will fully retain their performance.

The following features of address-analog systems form such advantages over other types of fire alarm systems, such as early fire detection, low levels of false alarms. Control of the performance of fire detectors in real time allows you to predetermine detectors promoting for maintenance and make a plan to exit specialists from a serving organization to an object. The number of properties of the premises by one controller is determined by the address capacity of this controller.

On the applicability of systems

At first glance, it is advisable to use traditional systems on small and medium-sized objects, when one of the main selection criteria is the relatively low cost of the system. And the cost of the system is mostly determined by the value of the detector. To date, ordinary inadequate detectors are relatively cheap. Despite the fact that the use of modern digital signal processing algorithms in the receiving and control devices can significantly increase the reliability of the detection of the signal from the detectors, and as a result - to reduce the likelihood of false alarms, still need to consider that it is often such detectors do not provide a sufficient level of reliability. And as a consequence of this fact - The need to install in one room at least two or even three detectors. Traditional systems do not provide convenience and installations - loops in such systems can only be radial. Accordingly, than the system is more - the more communication lines need to be installed and the more detectors set.

When the criterion of reliability goes to the fore, you can already talk about the installation of address-threshold or address-analog system on the object.

On the same small and medium-sized objects, it is advisable to use address-threshold systems that combine the benefits of address-analog and traditional systems. In this case, we can already install one detector in the room (the cost of which is slightly lower than the value of the address and analog detector), the free topology of the line (tire or ring), as well as for address detectors there is no need to use VEOs. However, it is necessary to take into account that for such systems there is no possibility to use short-circuit insulators in the loop, as well as determine the exact location of the ring loop cliffs. Service of such systems is carried out in the same as a planning and helpful order.

Address and analog systems are deprived of such flaws. The advantages of mounting such systems are obvious - free topology plus the possibilities of using a short circuit insulator and determining the location of the line, the ability to set analog values \u200b\u200bfor alarming messages "Attention", "Fire" (and for day and night these values \u200b\u200bmay be different), as well as for Distribution values. When using the address and analog system, saving on maintenance is obvious - real-time fire detectivity control allows you to predetermine detectors that are promising for maintenance and make a plan to exit specialists from the service organization to the object. In the microcontroller software address-analog software The detectors of the company "BOLID" are introduced algorithms that exclude false responses in various environmental impacts

The non-educational system of fire alarm using the ISO Orion instruments

To build an inadessial fire alarm in an integrated Orion protection system produced by the company "BOLID", the following reception and control devices can be applied with the control of radial alarm loops:

• Signal-20p;
• Signal-20m;
• Signal-10;
• C2000-4.

All devices, with the exception of the "signal-20p", can work offline. However, when using devices for organizing a fire alarm, a network controller is usually used in the system - the C2000M (or "C2000" panel). The PS console can perform the features of the display of events occurring in the system, as well as the relay control functions if additional relay modules are used. In the event of a need for display blocks, the console is also required.

Depending on the type of connected fire detectors, with programming device configurations, the loops can be assigned one of the types:

Type 1. Fire smoke with dual work recognition.

In the SC, fire smoke (normally open) detectors are included.

• "Open" - SS resistance more than 6 com;

When the detector is triggered, the instrument generates the "Sensor Manual" message and performs a rewriting of the state of the SC: 3 s recesses (shut down briefly) Power SC. If within 55 seconds after reset the detector is reloaded again, then the SC goes into the "Attention" mode. If the repetition of the detector does not happen within 55 s, then the SC is returned to the state "on guard". From the "Attention" mode, SC can go to the "Fire" mode if the second detector will work in this SC, as well as after the time delay defined by the parameter "Alarm / Fire Transition Delay". If the parameter "Alarm / Fire Transition Delay" "Alarm / Fire Transition Delay"equal to 255 s (the maximum possible value) corresponds to an infinite time delay, and the transition from the "Attention" mode to the "fire" mode is possible only when the second detector is triggered in the SC.

Type 2. Firefighter combined one-touch.

In the SC, fire smoke (normally open) and thermal (normally closed) detectors are included.

Possible modes (states) of SC:

• "On guard" ("taken") - SC is controlled, resistance is normal;
• "Satisfied with the protection" ("Shot") - SC is not controlled;
• "ATTENTION" - recorded triggering thermal detector or re-triggering the smoke detector;
• "Fire" - after the detector has expired "Alarm / Fire Transition Delay";
• "Short circuit" - SS resistance less than 100 ohms;
• "Open" - SS resistance more than 16 com (more than 50 com for "C2000-4");
• "Nephenia" - Shs was violated at the time of taking protection.

When the thermal detector is triggered, the device goes into the "Attention" mode. When the smoke detector is triggered, the device generates the "Sensor Manual" message, makes a rewritten state of the SC (see Type 1). With a confirmed shower detector response, it goes into the "Attention" mode.

From the "Attention" mode, CC can go to the "Fire" mode after the time delay defined by the parameter "Alarm / Fire Transition Delay". If the parameter "Alarm / Fire Transition Delay"equal to 0, then the transition from the "Attention" mode to the "fire" mode will occur instantly. The value of the parameter "Alarm / Fire Transition Delay"An equal to 255 s (the maximum possible value) corresponds to an infinite time delay, and the transition from the "Attention" mode to the "Fire" mode is impossible.

Type 3. Firefighter thermal dual-thumbnail.

In the SC, firefighter thermal (normally closed) detectors are included.

Possible modes (states) of SC:

• "On guard" ("taken") - SC is controlled, resistance is normal;
• "Satisfied with the protection" ("Shot") - SC is not controlled;
• "Take delay" - did not end the delay in taking protection;
• "Attention" - recorded a triggering of one detector;
• "Fire" - fixed the operation of more than one detector, or after the triggement of one detector has expired "Alarm / Fire Transition Delay";
• "Short circuit" - SC resistance less than 2 com;
• "Open" - SS resistance more than 25 com (more than 50 com for "C2000-4");
• "Nephenia" - Shs was violated at the time of taking protection.

When the detector is triggered, the device switches to "Attention" mode for this SC. From the "Attention" mode, the device can go to "Fire" mode if the second detector will work in the SC, as well as after the time delay defined by the "Tariff / Fire delay" parameter. If the "Alarm / Fire Transition Delay" parameter is 0, then the transition from the "Attention" mode to the "Fire" mode will occur instantly. The "Alarm / Fire Transition" parameter value of 255 s (the maximum possible value) corresponds to an infinite time delay, and the transition from the "Attention" mode to the "fire" mode is possible only when the second detector is triggered in this SC.

For each loop, in addition to type, you can configure such extra options, as:

• Delay in the transition to the alarm / Fire - for any of the fire trains, this is the time of transition from the status of "Attention" into the "Fire" state. Type 1 and type 3 loops (with a dual work recognition) can also go to the "Fire" state when the second fire detector is triggered in the SC. If the "transition delay to alarm / fire" is equal to 255 s, the device does not switch to the "Fire" mode (infinite delay). In this case, the type 1 and 3 loop can go to the "fire" state only to work the second detector in the loop, and the type 2 loop will not switch to the "Fire" state under any circumstances.
• The SC analysis delay after dumping power is the duration of the pause before analyzing the loop after removing the power supply voltage (by rewriting the state of the fire curtain and when taking protection). This delay makes it possible to include detectors with a lot of readiness time in the train (Soothing time).
• Without the right of removal - it does not allow to remove the train with the security under any circumstances.
• Avtovjean from alarm / fire - the loop will automatically switch to the state "taken" as soon as the loop resistance will normally be normal over time equal to the numerical value of this parameter multiplied by 15 s.

The maximum length of the alarm loop is limited only by the resistance of the wires (no more than 100 ohms).

Each reception and control device has relay outputs. With the help of relay outputs, devices can be controlled by various executive devices - light and sound bells, as well as transmitting notifications to the PCN. Tactics of any relay exit can be programmed, as well as binding a trigger (from a particular loop or from a group of loops).

When organizing a fire alarm system, the following relay operation algorithms can be applied:

• Enable / disable if at least one of the loops associated with the relay passed into the "Fire" state;
• Turn on / off for a while, if at least one of the loops associated with the relay passed into the "Fire" state;
• Blinking from the state is on / off, if at least one of the relay-related loops passed into the "Fire" state;
• "LAMP" - blink, if at least one of the relay-related loops passed into the state "Fire" (flashing with a different duty, if at least one of the connected loops passed into the state of attention); Include in the case of taking a bound loop (plumes), turn off in case of removal of the linked loop (plumes). In this case, the alarming states are more prioritized.
• "PCN" - to include when taking at least one of the relay loops, in all other cases - turn off;
• "ASPT" - to include at a given time, if two or more loops associated with the relay moved to the "fire" state and there is no violation of technological shc. Blinding the technological loop blocks inclusion. If the technological shc was disturbed during the relay control delay, then when it restores it, the output will be turned on at a given time (the technological loop disorder suspends the delay of the relay
• "Siren" - if at least one of the relay-related loops passed into the "Fire" state, switch the specified time with one duty, if attention is on the state - on the other;
• "Fire PCN" - if at least one of the relay-related loops passed into the "Fire" state or "Attention, then turn on, otherwise to turn off;
• Output "Fault" - if one of the relay-related loops is in a "malfunction" state, "non-hat", "removed" or "Take delay", then turn off, otherwise you turn on;
• Fire lamp - if at least one of the relay-related loops passed into the "Fire" state, then blinking with one duty, if in "Attention", then blinking with another well, if all the loops associated with the relay are "taken" turn on, otherwise turn off;
• "Old PCO Tactics" - to include, if all the loops associated with the relay are taken or removed (no state of "fire", "malfunction", "non-hat"), otherwise turn off;
• Turn on / off at a given time before taking a loop relay (loop);
• Turn on / off at a given time when taking a loop relay associated with a relay (plumes);
• Turn on / off at a given time when the loop relay is associated with the relay (loops);
• Enable / disable when removing the loop relay (plumes);
• Include / disable when taking a loop connected with a relay (plumes);
• "ASPT-1" - to include at a given time, if one of the relay-related loops passed into the state "Fire" and no disturbed technological loops. If the technological loop is violated during the relay control delay, then when it restores it, the output will be enabled at a given time (the technological loop breaks the counting of the delay in the relay on);
• "ASPT-A" - Enable at a given time, if two or more relay-related loops blocks the switching on, when it restores it, the output will be turned off;
• "ASPT-A1" - to include at a given time, if at least one of the relay-related loops passed into the state "Fire" and no disturbed technological loops. Blinding the technological loop blocks the inclusion, when it restores it, the output will be turned off.

Reception and control devices ISO "Orion" offline

PPKOP C2000-4

Figure 1. Offline use of the device "C2000-4"

"C2000-4" offline is used in small objects. For example, the device can be used in small stores, small offices, apartments, etc.

The device has:

1. Four alarm loop, in which any types of non-academic fire detectors can be included. All loops are freely programmable, i.e. For any loop, you can set types 1, 2 3, as well as configure individually for each loop and other configuration parameters.
2. Two Dry Contact Type Relay Outputs and two outputs with connection circuit service control. To the relay outputs of the device, you can connect actuators (light and sound alarms), as well as carry out the transmission of notifications to the PCN. In the second case, the relay output of the object instrument is included in the so-called "general alarm" loop of the device for transmitting notices having a built-in GSM channel transmitter and / or an output to connect to the GTS. Thus, when the device is moving to the "Fire" mode, the relay closes, the total alarm loop is disturbed and the alarm notification is transmitted to the PCN through the GSM channels or by telephone network;
3. Circuit for connecting the reader (you can connect various readers working on the TouchMemory, Wiegand, Abatrackii interface).
4. Four indicators of the status of the signaling loops, as well as the instrument mode indicator.

PPKOP SIGNAL-10

Figure 2. Offline use of the "Signal-10" device

"Signal-10" offline is used on small and medium-sized objects.

The device has a convenient function of controlling the status of zones through contactless identifiers - Touch Memory or Wiegand keys (up to 85 user passwords). The powers of each key can be flexibly configured - allow the full control of one or arbitrary loop of the loops, or allow only the loop tolerance. Each key can be installed flexibly - to allow full-fledged control of one or arbitrary plume group, or allow only the looplip.

The device has:

1. Ten flames of alarm system in which any types of non-educational detectors can be included. All loops are freely programmable, i.e. For any loop, you can set types 1, 2 and 3, as well as configure individually for each loop and other configuration parameters.

2. Two dry contact type "dry contact" and two outputs with connection circuit service control. To the relay outputs of the device, you can connect actuators (light and sound alarms), as well as carry out the transmission of notifications to the PCN. In the second case, the relay output of the object instrument is included in the so-called "general alarm" loop of the device for transmitting notices having a built-in GSM channel transmitter and / or an output to connect to the GTS. Thus, when switching the device to the "Fire" mode, the relay closes, the total alarm loop is disturbed and an alarm notification is transmitted to the PCN through the GSM channels or by telephone network.

3. Chain for connecting the reader, with which a convenient way to control the taking and removal from protection using electronic keys or cards is implemented. You can connect any touch messages to the Touch Memory keys or contactless Proxy cards that have the Touch Memory interface at the output (for example, "Reader-2", "C2000-Proxy", "Proxy-2a", "Proxy-3A", etc. ).

4. Ten indicators of the status of the signaling loops and the functional indicator of the device.

PPKOP SIGNAL-20M

"Signal-20m" can be used on small and medium-sized objects (for example, warehouses, small offices, residential buildings, etc.).

PIN codes can be used to control the state of zones (64 user-code PIN), user authority (each PIN-code) can be flexible to configure - allow full control, or allow only to resolve protection. Any user can control an arbitrary amount of loops, for each loop, the powers of taking and removal can also be customized individually.

Twentylarms of signaling "Signal-20M" provide sufficient localization of the alarm notification at the objects mentioned when the accomplishment of any security detector in the loop. The device has:

1. Twenty signaling loops that can include any kind of non-educational fire detectors. All loops are freely programmable, i.e. for any loop, you can set types 1, 2 and 3, as well as configure individually for each loop and other configuration parameters;

2. Three relay outputs of the type "dry contact" and two outputs with the security control of the connection circuits. To the relay outputs of the device, you can connect actuators (light and sound alarms), as well as carry out the transmission of notifications to the PCN. In the second case, the relay object output of the device is included in the so-called "general alarm" loop of the device for transmitting notices having a built-in GSM channel transmitter and / or exit to connect to the GTS. The relay defines the tactics of work, for example, to enable when alarm. Thus, when the device is moving to the "Fire" mode, the relay closes, the total alarm loop is disturbed and the alarm notification is transmitted to the PCN through the GSM channels or by telephone network;

3. Keyboard to control using the PIN codes of the zones on the instrument housing. The device supports up to 64 user passwords, 1 operator password, 1 administrator password. Users may have rights to either take and remove the alarm loops, or only to take, or only on withdrawal. Using the password of the operator, it is possible to transfer the device to the check mode, and using the administrator password, enter new user passwords and change or delete old.

4. Twenty indicators of the status of the signaling loops, five output status indicators and functional indicators "Work", "Fire", "Fault", "Alarm".

Figure 3. Autonomous use of "Signal-20M"

Inademic fire alarm in ISO Orion

Figure 4 shows an example of organizing the non-educational system of fire alarm using ISO Orion instruments. To each of the devices it is possible to connect the threshold fire sensors different types (smoke, thermal, flame, manual). Tra plumes of the alarm of each of the devices are freely programmable, i.e. For any loop, you can set types 1, 2 and 3, as well as configure individually for each plume other configuration parameters. Each device has relay outputs, which can be controlled by various actuators - light and sound bells, as well as transmit an alarm signal to a centralized observation console. For the same purposes, you can use the "C2000-CPB" control and starting block. Additionally, the system "C2000-bi" indication is installed in the system, which is designed to display the state of the instrument zones as observation. Zone status management, as well as viewing the event events is carried out from the network controller - the C2000-M remote. That is, to increase the performance of the system and its extension. Moreover, the system extension occurs without its structural changes, but only by adding new devices to it.

Figure 4. A non-educational system of fire alarm system

Address and threshold system of fire alarm using ISO Orion devices

To build a target-threshold fire alarm in ISO "Orion" apply:

• Remote control device "SIGNAL-10" with address and threshold of signaling loops
• Smoke optical-electronic threshold-address detector "DIP-34PA"
• Thermal Maximum Differential Thregoing Address Detector "C2000-IP-PA"
• Hand-made threshold-address detector "IPR 513-3PA"

When you connect the indicated detectors to the "Signal-10" device, the instrument loop must be assigned the type 14 - "fire address-threshold". To one address-threshold loop, up to 10 address detectors can be connected, each of which is capable of reporting on the request of the device its current state. The device produces a periodic survey of address detectors, providing control of their health and identification of a faulty or alarm detector. "Signal-10" perceives the following types of notices from targeted detectors: "Norma", "diluted, maintenance requires", "malfunction", "fire", "Manual fire", "Test", "Disable". Each address detector is considered as an additional address zone of the device. When the device is working, together with the network controller, each address zone can be removed from security and take protection. When taking protection or removal from the protection of the threshold and address loop, they are automatically removed or those address zones that belong to the loop are taken. At the same time, the address zones that are not binding to the loop, when taking or removing the threshold and address loop, do not change their condition.

When you configure the "Signal-10" device, it is possible to specify the addresses of those detectors in advance that will be included in the threshold and address loop. To do this, use the "Starting SC to addresses" parameter. If there is no binding of the address zone of the detector to the loop, this zone does not participate in the formation of the generalized state of the loop, the commands do not apply to the taking / removal of the loop.

The address-threshold loop may be in the following states (states are given in order of priority):

• "Fire" - at least one address zone is in a state of "manual fire", two or more address zones are in a state of "fire", or expired for the transition to alarm / fire;
• "Attention" - at least one address zone is in the "Fire" state;
• "Fault" - one of the address zones is in a state of "malfunction";
• "Disabled" - one of the address zones is in the "Disabled" state;
• "Non-hat" - at the time of taking the address of the address zone is in a state other than the state of "norm";
• "Distributed, service requires" - one of the address zones is in a state of "dust";
• "Satisfied with the protection" ("Shot") - one of the address areas is removed from the protection;
• "On guard" ("taken") - all address zones are normal and on guard.

If the "Fire" status of one address zone is recorded in the address and threshold of the loop, the loop goes into the "Attention" state. If the "manual fire" or "fire" is fixed in two address zones, the loop goes into the fire mode. The transition from the "Attention" mode to the "Fire" mode is also possible along a timeout equal to the value of the "Fire delay" parameter if the value of the "Fire delay" parameter is zero, the loop goes to the "Fire" mode on the triggering of one automatic Address detector. If the "transition to a fire" value is 255 (infinite delay), the loop goes into the fire mode only to respond to two automatic address detectors or one manual.

If within 10 seconds the device does not receive a response from the detector, its address zone is assigned the "Disabled" status. In this case, there is no need to use a loop break when the detector is seized from the outlet, and the efficiency of all other detectors is maintained. For the threshold and address loop, a terminal resistor is not required, and an arbitrary topology of the plume can be used: a tire, ring, star, as well as any combination of their.

When organizing the address-threshold system of security alarm system for the operation of the outputs, it is possible to use work tactics similar to the tactics used in address system (see above). Figure 5 shows an example of organizing the address-threshold fire alarm system using the signal-10 instrument.

Figure 5. Address-threshold PS using "Signal-10"

Address and analog fire alarm system using ISO Orion devices

Address and analog fire alarm in ISO "Orion" is built using the following devices:

• Controller of the two-wire communication line "C2000-KDL";
• Fire fluid optical-electronic address and analog detector "DIP-34A";
• Firefighter thermal maximum differential address-analog "C2000-IP"
• Fireman Manual Address Detector "IPR 513-3A"
• Blocks splitting and insulating "Breeze", "Breeze" isp. 01. Devices are designed to isolate short-circuited areas with subsequent automatic recovery after the short circuit removal. "Breeze" is installed in a line as a separate device, "Breeze" isp. 01 Embed into the base of fire detectors "C2000-IP" and "DIP-34A"
• Address expansors "C2000-AR1", "C2000-AR2", "C2000-AR8". Devices are designed to connect non-personal four-conductive detectors. Thus, conventional threshold detectors can be connected to the address system.

A two-wire controller controller actually has one alarm loop to which you can connect up to 127 address devices. Address devices may be fire detectors, address expansors or relay modules. Each address device takes one address in the controller's memory. Address expansors take so many addresses in the memory of the controller, how many loops can be connected to them ("C2000-AR1" - 1 address, "C2000-AR2" - 2 addresses, "C2000-AR8 - 8 addresses). Address relay modules also occupy 2 addresses in the controller memory. Thus, the number of protected rooms is determined by the address tank of the controller. For example, with one "C2000-KDL" can be used 127 smoke detectorsor 17 smoke detectors and 60 address relay modules. When the address detectors is triggered or when the address expansion loops are violated, the controller issues an alarm notice over the RS-485 interface to the C2000M control panel.

For each address device in the controller, you must specify the type of zone. The zone type indicates the controller to the tactics of the area and class included in the detector zone.

Type 2 - "Fire combined".In the zone this type Address extenders included with threshold detectors included in them. . At the same time, the address expansors will recognize such states as "norm", "fire", "open" and "short circuit".

Type 3. Firefighter thermal.The zone of this type can include addressable firefighters "IPR-513-3A", as well as address expansion with threshold detectors included in them. Also in the zone of this type, you can enable the "C2000-IP" detector, however, the detector loses its analog qualities.

Possible status of the zone:

• "Taken" - the zone is controlled completely;
• "Removed" - the zone is normal if there are no malfunctions;
• "Non-hatching" - the controlled parameter AU was not normal at the time of taking protection;
• "Take delay" - the zone is in a state of delaying for protection;
• "Fire" - the address thermal detector recorded the change or exceed the temperature value corresponding to the transition condition to the fire mode (maximum differential mode); The address manual detector is translated into the "Fire" state (breaking glass). For loops of targeted expansors, there are certain values \u200b\u200bof the loop resistance corresponding to this state;
• "Short circuit" - for looping loops there are certain loop resistance values \u200b\u200bcorresponding to this state;
• "Firefight Fault" - faulty measuring channel address thermal detector.

Type 8. Smoke address and analog.The zone of this type can include fire-smoke optical-electronic address and analog detectors "dip-34a". The controller in the duty mode of the DPLS operations requests numeric values \u200b\u200bcorresponding to the level of the concentration of the smoke measured by the detector. For each zone, pre-alert thresholds are set. "Attention"and alerts "Fire". Trigger thresholds are set separately for time zones "NIGHT"and "DAY".

Periodically, the controller requests the dying chamber dust value, the value obtained is compared with the threshold "Distributed"defined separately for each zone.

Possible status of the zone:

• "Taken" - the zone is controlled, the "Fire" thresholds, "Attention" and "dust" are not exceeded;
• "Discontinued" - only the threshold is "dust" and malfunction;
• "Fire equipment malfunction" - faulty to the measuring channel of the address detector;
• "Service requires" - the internal threshold of autocomptation of dusting of the smoke chamber of the address detector or the "dust" threshold is exceeded.

Type 9. "Thermal Address and Analog". The zone of this type can include fire thermal thermal-differential address-analog detectors "C2000-IP". The controller in the duty mode of DPLS operations requests numeric values \u200b\u200bcorresponding to the temperature measured by the detector. For each zone, the temperature thresholds of pre-alert are set. "Attention"and alerts "Fire".

Possible status of the zone:

• "Taken" - zone is controlled, the "Fire" thresholds and "Attention" are not exceeded;
• "Removed" - only malfunctions are controlled;
• "Take delay" - the zone is in a state of delaying for protection;
• "Non-hat" - at the time of taking on the protection, one of the "Fire" thresholds, "Attention" or "diluted" is either fauna;
• "Attention" - the threshold "Attention" is exceeded;
• "Fire" - the "Fire" threshold is exceeded;
• "Firefighter Fault" - faulty of the measuring channel of the address detector.

For loops, you can also configure additional parameters:

• Auto-release from anxiety - allows you to automatically transition from the states of "anxiety", "fire" and "attention" to the state "taken" when restoring the violation of the zone. At the same time, to go to the state "taken", the zone should be normal over time no less than the "Recovery Time" parameter is specified.
• Without the right of removal - it is for the possibility of constantly controlling the zone, that is, the zone with such a parameter cannot be removed from the security under any circumstances.

When organizing the address and analog fire alarm system, the C2000-SP2 devices can be used as relay modules. These address relay modules, which are also connected to the "C2000-KDL" on a two-wire line.

For the "C2000-SP2" relay, you can use work tactics similar to the tactics used in the non-personal system (see above).

The C2000-KDL controller also has a chain for connecting readers. You can connect various readers working on the Touch Memory or Wiegand interface. It is possible to control the status of the controller zones. In addition, the device has functional indicators of the operation mode, the DPLS line and the exchange indicator over the RS-485 interface. Figure 6 shows an example of an organization of the address and analog fire alarm system under the control of the C2000M console.

Figure 6. Address and analog fire alarm system using "C2000-KDL"

Explosion-proof solutions based on the address and analog fire alarm system

If necessary, the equipment of the fire alarm of an object having explosive zones, together with the address and analog system, built on the basis of the C2000-KDL controller, it is possible to use BrsS-EX "barriers (Figure 7).

Figure 7. Explosion-proof solutions based on the address and analog system PS

This block provides protection at the level of intrinsically safe electrical circuit. This method of protection is based on the principle of limiting the limit energy accumulated or the electrical circuit emitted in emergency mode, or dispersion of power to the level is significantly lower than minimum energy or ignition temperature. That is, the voltage and current values \u200b\u200bare limited to the danger zone in the event of a malfunction. The intrinsic safety of the block is provided by electroplating and appropriate selection of electrical gaps and leakage paths between intrinsically safe and associated sparkling chains, stress limiting and current to intrinsically safe values \u200b\u200bat output chains due to the use of spark-protection barriers on stabilods and current-limiting devices, the provision of electrical gaps, The pathways of the leakage and non-refurbishness of the elements of the opposite, including by the sealing (fill) by their compound.

Brsh provides:

• reception of notifications from connected detectors for two intrinsically safe plumes by controlling their resistance values;
• power supply of external devices from two built-in intrinsically safe power supply;
• relay alarm notification controller of the two-wire communication line.

Sign X, standing after marking explosion protection, means that the "BsS-EX" connecting devices with the marking "intrinsically safe chains" is allowed to connect only explosion-proof electrical equipment with the type of explosion protection "intrinsically safe electrical circuit I" having a certificate of conformity and permission to use Federal Service on environmental, technological and nuclear surveillance in explosive zones. Brasc takes two addresses in the address space of the C2000-KDL controller.

It is possible to connect any threshold detectors of special execution to "BSS-EX". To date, a number of sensors for installation inside the explosive zone (explosion-proof execution) are supplied by the company CJSC NVP "BOLID"

• Photon-18-mechanical passive optical electronic detector;
• Photon-sh-ex - security infrared passive optical-electronic detector "Curtain";
• Glass-EX - security acoustic detector;
• Shoreool-EX -Ofrem Surface Vibrating Detector;
• MK-EX - security magnetocontact detector;
• Sz-ex - flood signaling device;
• EPD-EX - smoke optical-electronic detector;
• IPDL-EX - smoke optical-electronic linear detector;
• IPP-EX - infrared flame detector;
• IPR-EX-manual detector

Additional PS capabilities when using software

In some cases, when building a fire alarm, a personal computer is used with pre-installed specialized software. The software can expand the functionality of the C2000M console, namely, to be used to organize an automated workplace of the dispatch post, event logging and alarms, indication of the reasons for the alarm, to collect statistics on targeted fire detectors, as well as to build various reports.

The following software can be used to organize automated jobs in ISO "Orion": AWP "C2000", ARM "Orion Pro".

The AWP "C2000" allows you to implement the simplest functionality - monitoring the event events. This software can be used if necessary to monitor multiple autonomous devices from the experience of observing and logging events. In this case, the fire alarm management is made directly from the instrument controls ("Signal-20M") or from readers ("C2000-4", "Signal-10").

PCs with Armedio "Orion Pro" allow you to implement the following functions:

• Accumulation of OS events in the database (according to PS work, operator reactions for these workers, etc.);
• Creating a database for a protected object - adding loops, sections, relays to it, alignment plans on plans;
• Creating access rights to manage PS objects (plumes, sections), assigning them to duty operators;
• Accommodation on graphic Plans Premises of Logic Objects PS (Plugs, Section Regions, Relays)
• The survey and control of the PC connected to the PC receptables, including the consoles. That is, from the computer you can simultaneously interrogate and manage several subsystems, each of which runs under the control of the console;
• Setting automatic system reactions to various events;
• Displaying on the graphic plans of the premises of the protected object, control of PS logic objects (loops, sections);
• Registration and processing emerging in the fire alarm system with the reasons, official marks, as well as their archiving;
• Providing information about the status of PS objects in the form of an object card;
• Formation and issuance of reports on various Events of PS;
• Display of chambers of security television, as well as the management of these cameras.

Physically, the computer with software connects to ISO "Orion" through the interface converter by one and the options shown in Figure 8. There are also a number of jobs that can be simultaneously involved in the system (software modules).

Figure 8. Connect AWP to ISO Orion devices

Fastening the tasks of automatic fire alarm for software modules is shown in Figure 9. It is worth noting that the ISO Orion devices interact with the system of the system on which the "Operational Task" software module is installed. Software modules can be installed on computers as you like - each module on a separate computer, a combination of any modules on a computer, or setting all modules to one computer.

Figure 9. Functional modules software

102. The alarms are fed by beeps, whistles of locomotives, motor-auditing trains, special self-propelled railway rolling stock, sirens, wind horns, military signal pipes, blows in suspended metal objects.
Sounds indicated in the scheme sound signals, in the case of filing their blows reproduce:
long - often next one after other blows;
short - rare blows by the number of short sounds.

103. The "Total Alarm" signal is fed by groups from one long and three short sounds in the following cases:
when a malfunction threatening motion safety is detected at the railway track;
when stopping a train in a snowy drift, train crash and in other cases where help is required.
The signal is supplied if necessary by each railway worker.

104. Signal " Fire alarm"Fixed with groups from one long and two short sounds.
The signal is supplied if necessary by each employee railway transport.

105. The "Air Alarm" signal is supplied with an extensive Siren sound, as well as a number of short sounds continuously for 2 to 3 minutes.
At railway stations and in other organizations of railway transport, located in cities, an air alarm signal, filed in the city of Siren or transmitted by the radio network, is immediately repeated by sirens, as well as whistles of locomotives, motor-auditing trains, special self-propelled railway rolling stock and beeps.
At railway stations and other organizations of railway transport sitting outside the cities, the air alarm signal is filed by these same means by order of authorized employees of the infrastructure owner, the owner of the railway tracks of victim.
On the distils, the air alarm signal is supplied by whistles of locomotives, motor-auditing trains, special self-propelled railway rolling stock:
in military trains - by order of the observer allocated from the personnel of the transported military unit;
in other trains - a locomotive driver, a leading train.
If there is a railway radio broadcast network (in trains, at train stations and other railway transport organizations), the alert of the air alarm signal is also made through this network.

106. The "Radiation Danger" or "Chemical Alarm" signal is supplied within 2 - 3 minutes:
on distillation - whistles of locomotives, motor-auditing trains, special self-propelled railway rolling stock with groups of one long and one short sounds;
at railway stations and other organizations of railway transport - frequent blows in suspended metal objects.
Radiation hazard or "Chemical alarm" signal at railway stations and in other railway transport organizations is submitted by order of authorized employees of the owner of the infrastructure owner, the owner of the railway routes of victim, and on the distillation - the driver of the leading locomotive, the motor-auditing train, a special self-propelled railway rolling stock.
If there is a railway radio transmission network, a radioactive or chemical hazard notification is also made through this network to send the text of the specified signals.

107. On the end of the air alarm, as well as the minimization of the threat of defeat by radioactive or poisoning substances, employees of railway transport and passengers are noticed:
1) at railway stations and in other organizations of railway transport - to indicate authorized employees of the owner of the infrastructure owner, the owner of the railway tracks of victims through the radio network and other means of communication, including messengers;
2) in passenger trains - on the instructions of the head (brigadier mechanics) of the passenger train transmitted through employees serving the train, and along the train radio broadcast;
3) in human and military trains - to indicate the head of the echelon by means of communication of the echelon when receiving notice from the duty at the railway station;
4) in cargo-passenger, postal and luggage and cargo trains - on duty at the railway station.

108. To prevent the locomotive brigades and other employees serving the train, about following the trains on the infected site, as well as to prevent the entry of people to it without individual means of protection (gas masks, protective suits, etc.), such a plot is protected by special signs "infected" ( Fig. 203).

Indicators "infected" at railway stations and distillation are installed at a distance of no more than 50 m from the boundaries of the infected area. The distillations, in addition, on both sides of the infected area on the right side of the movement on the railway tracks of general use at a distance of 1,200 m, and on the railway tracks of the omissible use at a distance "t", from the first pointers "infected" is protected by the second same pointers. Indicators "infected" are installed on the side of the earthen canvase or in between batteries.
Before the first in the course of the train, the sign "infected" or in front of the place specified in the notification received from the duty officer in the railway station, about the presence of an infected site (regardless of whether the site is fencing or not), the driver of the leading locomotive, the motor-speaking train, special self-propelled railway The rolling stock is obliged to file a "radiation danger" or "chemical alarm" and proceed to the infected area at the set speed.
Indicators "infected" should be covered at night.

109. Signal lights of traffic lights, lanterns, arrow pointers, train, manual and other signals must be provided by light-scale devices.