Connect the copper pipe to the steel pipe. Copper, brass pipe, fitting. Soldering, connection. How to solder and connect with your own hands? Copper pipe rolling process

Copper pipes are widely used in various engineering systems houses and apartments. The main advantages of the material are resistance to corrosion and high temperatures, as well as ultraviolet radiation. In addition, copper pipes can be easily bent at any angle, making DIY connections easier.

As a disadvantage, it is often indicated that the material has high cost, however, with such excellent characteristics of the metal, its price cannot be low. Installation copper pipes Wires are made using fittings. They can be crimped or soldered; depending on this, the connection of copper pipes differs. Compression fittings create a detachable connection, while solder fittings create a permanent connection.

The main advantages and uses of copper pipelines

Copper pipes have operating temperature from -200 to +250 degrees, as well as low linear expansion, which allows them to be successfully used for such systems:

• Heating;
• Water supply;
• Air conditioning;
• Gas transportation;
• Obtaining alternative energy, for example, solar systems.

When installing copper pipelines for supplying cold and hot water, you don’t have to worry about overgrowing or silting of the internal section. They are also not destroyed under the influence of chlorine, which is added in high concentrations to tap water. On the contrary, chlorine creates the thinnest protective layer on the inner wall of pipelines, which significantly extends the life of the pipelines. In turn, a small amount of copper is released into drinking water, which has a beneficial effect on human health.

Features of installing water pipes

Installation of copper water supply for cold and hot water does not differ in technology. However, attention should be paid to appearance pipelines and related fittings: parts intended for hot water are insulated with PVC film. Installation of copper pipes for water supply can be carried out in one of the following ways:

1. Using threaded fittings.
2. Using soldering.

Push-in connections with threaded fittings are the easiest and most accessible connection method for DIY installation.

Threaded fittings create detachable connections that can be unscrewed or tightened repeatedly as needed. In order to carry out installation, you must:

1. Place the crimp nut on the pipes.
2. Place the crimp ring on top.
3. Connect the elements together.
4. Tighten the nut.

The crimp ring is responsible for the tightness of the connection and therefore cannot be reused. If the connection had to be unscrewed, a new rubber ring should be installed. Copper pipes can be bent in any direction, and therefore it is possible to save on the number of fittings.

Soldering connection – slightly more the hard way installation, however, is quite doable with your own hands. You must be careful and follow all safety precautions when working with open flames. The connection itself consists of the following steps:

1. Cleaning the ends of the pipe and fitting with sandpaper to bare metal.
2. A thin layer of soldering flux is applied with a brush.
3. The pipe is inserted into the fitting up to the maximum mark.
4. The connection area gets hot gas burner or a hair dryer.
   It is very important to evenly heat the elements to be joined; for this it is recommended to use a blowtorch with two burners.
5. When the heating temperature is sufficient to melt the solder, it is introduced into the joint.
6. After hardening, excess flux can be removed.

Copper fittings are available for sale with pre-soldered solder in a special groove. This simplifies DIY installation: you just need to insert the end of the pipeline lubricated with flux and heat it to the required temperature. The solder will melt and flow into the gap between the pipe and fitting, creating reliable connection.

Features of installing a heating system using copper pipes

Installation of copper pipes for the heating system begins with preparatory work. The material can be easily bent and cut, but this must be done in the correct way. Basic recommendations:

1. Before installation, it is necessary to cut the pipes into pieces of the required length.
2. It is better to cut heating pipes with a pipe cutter or a hacksaw.
3. The inner surface of the pipelines must be cleaned of burrs and metal shavings. To complete this task you will need a file and scraper.
4. The cutting site must be leveled, especially in cases where the cutting was carried out with a hacksaw for metal, which slightly deforms the pipe.
5. You can bend a tubular product manually or using a special tool.
6. If the heating system has particularly complex curved sections, it is recommended to use a pipe bender. Such a bend will protect the material from unwanted creases, which can subsequently become a site for corrosion.
7. Products should be bent with the minimum permissible radius.
8. The bending radius when performing work with a pipe cutter must be at least 3.5 times the diameter of the pipeline. If you bend pipes by hand, you should have a bend radius of at least 8 diameters.

The connection of copper heating system elements is carried out in two already known ways:

• Compression fittings;
• By soldering method.

Because copper can be easily bent, installation is simple and requires only a small number of fittings. However, it is necessary to remember some rules for combining materials in the heating system.

Copper pipes cannot be connected to aluminum radiators.

If the use of aluminum radiators cannot be avoided, the transition must be made through a steel pipe. This will help avoid the onset of corrosion when joining copper and aluminum. As for radiators made of other materials, for example, steel or cast iron, such problems do not arise.

Despite the development of technology and the popularity of using polymers, metal is successfully used in the manufacture of pipelines for water supply and heating systems. Steel, brass and copper are commonly used for these purposes. The latter has excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical strength and resistance to high temperatures and pressure. Therefore, despite the somewhat high cost of this material, its use is completely justified.

Before connecting copper pipes, you need to decide whether to do it with or without soldering.

Solder connection

One of the first options you should consider is connecting pipes using soldering. It should be noted right away that there are two methods for soldering copper pipes - a low-temperature and a high-temperature method. As you might guess, the difference between them lies in the temperature at which soldering occurs. In low-temperature mode, the elements are heated to 300 °C and solders with a low melting point are used. High-temperature soldering is used for the installation of systems that experience significant loads, for example, in industry; the use of this technique for private purposes is impractical.

When connecting copper pipes by soldering, connecting elements called fittings, tin-based solders and fluxes are typically used. The pipe connection process is as follows.

• First you need to cut the pipes to the required size. In this case, you should be careful and be sure to take into account the dimensions of the fitting itself.
• The ends of the pipes that need to be connected must be carefully inspected for various defects such as cracks, chips or burrs. Their presence is unacceptable, as it can affect the tightness of the connection, therefore, if detected, all defects must be eliminated.
• If the ends of the pipes are in order, then you can start connecting. It should be noted that there are several connection options, for example, you need to connect more than two pipes or pipes of different diameters, so fittings that correspond to the purpose must be selected.
• Pipe end and inner part The connecting element is processed using flux - a special composition that acts as a degreaser that prepares the surfaces for a more durable connection.
• After this, the end of the pipe is inserted into the fitting and heated. The fitting is selected so that its diameter is 1–1.5 mm larger than the diameter of the pipe. The pipes are heated using a gas burner. The space between the connected elements is filled with melting solder. The modern market offers a variety of ready-made solders that are easy to use, so there shouldn’t be any problems with this.
• After the solder is evenly distributed around the entire circumference, the parts to be joined should be left until the solder completely hardens, forming a strong connection.
• The final step should be to check the connection, that is, the water needs to be turned on. Thus, not only a check will occur, but also the removal of flux residues that may remain on inner surface pipes, which is undesirable, as it can cause corrosion.

Connection without soldering

It should also be noted that, despite the fact that connecting copper pipes by soldering is the most reliable and appropriate in most cases, there are times when soldering is not possible and in such cases you can resort to a connection without soldering using special fittings. The principle of their operation is based on the clamping effect resulting from threaded connections. The connection process is as follows.

• First, the fitting, usually consisting of two parts, must be disassembled.
• One of the parts is put on the pipe. To be more precise, a nut and a clamping ring are put on.
• After this, the pipe is inserted into the connecting fitting and the nut is tightened along the thread.

As a rule, fittings of this kind are accompanied by instructions, in strict accordance with which all work must be carried out.

Note! Connecting pipes in this way is not reliable enough, so even the slightest distortions in the connection, as well as violation of the technology, are unacceptable. To achieve greater tightness of the threaded connection, it can be sealed with special threads, but it is unacceptable for excess to get inside the pipe, as this may interfere with the free passage of water.

Whatever connection method is chosen, work should be carried out observing a number of general rules:

• Pipes made of the same metal must be used for connections. If you need to connect a copper pipe with another one, you need to choose the appropriate method. For example, soldering is not suitable for connecting copper and PVC pipes.
• If you intend to connect copper and steel pipes, then steel ones must be placed in front of copper ones.
• Care must be taken when tightening threaded connections, especially if thin-walled pipes are used.
• In order not to make a mistake with the amount of solder, the length of the wire should be taken equal to the circumference of the pipe.
• It is best to use a special burner to heat the pipes. Using a regular blowtorch is, in principle, acceptable, but there is a risk of overheating the connection, which will complicate the work.
• Copper pipes are somewhat expensive from a material point of view, so before starting work it is advisable to carry out preliminary calculations amount of material. It should not be forgotten that the connecting elements also have certain dimensions, which must also be taken into account.

In conclusion, it is worth saying that connecting copper pipes is not a very complicated process from a technological point of view, but some difficulties may arise for the first time. In order to have the most complete understanding of the process, you can consult with professionals or at least watch a video on this topic.

Video

This video shows the process of soldering copper pipes.

The method is based on the capillary rise of liquid (molten solder) along the thinnest gap between the walls of the pipes. There are two types of soldering of copper pipes: low- and high-temperature soldering. The difference in soldering mainly depends on the melting temperature of the solder. For high-temperature soldering, refractory rod solders are used, for low-temperature soldering, soft solders rolled into coils are used. Accordingly, acetylene and propane torches are used to heat pipes during high-temperature soldering; for low-temperature soldering, a fire from a blowtorch is sometimes sufficient. High temperature soldering can be used for all types of copper wiring, including collectors solar heating, where pipes can heat up to 250°C, low-temperature soldering is more demanding in terms of pipe heating temperatures, nevertheless it is successfully used in hot water supply and heating systems. There are no design differences in these types of soldering, however, high-temperature soldering is more often used for socket joints of pipes, and low-temperature soldering is used for pipe connections with fittings with solder melted into them, although the other way around is also possible.

For the installation of copper pipelines, three types of pipes are used: soft (R 220), semi-hard (R 250) and hard (R 290). The tensile strength in MPa (N/mm²) is proposed as a hardness (stiffness) parameter. Soft pipes are sold rolled into coils, semi-hard and hard pipes are sold as straight rods. The fundamental difference in these types of pipes is the pressure of the transported medium that the pipes can withstand. Hard pipes can withstand the highest pressure (290 N/mm²), the lowest - soft ones (220 N/mm²). The pressure that is created in apartment and even cottage pipelines can be successfully withstood by any of these pipes. And if you need to build a steam boiler house or mini-production, then you can’t do without calculations and drawing up a project, but that’s another topic.

For socket soldering (Fig. 36), soft, semi-hard or hard copper pipes with a pre-annealed end are used. Using an expander, one end of the pipe is given the shape of a bell similar to a bell sewer pipes, the end of another pipe will be inserted into it. It must be remembered that when annealing the ends solid pipes you release the metal and the pipe at the junction acquires the properties of a soft pipe. This circumstance must be taken into account when designing a pipeline based on pressure criteria.

To make a socket, you need to use only those heads on the expander that are designed for a given pipe diameter, then the diameter of the socket will automatically be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the pipe. Typically, the gap between the inner walls of the socket and the outer walls of the pipe inserted into the socket is approximately 0.2 mm. This gap ensures that the molten solder is “pulled in” and distributed evenly over the entire inner surface of the socket at any position of the pipe. In other words, pipes can be soldered in any position, even with the socket down, the capillary gap between the pipes will still “suck” the molten solder into itself, which will be evenly distributed over the soldering area. Using the “correct” expander head is 80% of the success of soldering - the gap between the pipes and the depth of the socket are set by this tool.

Today, pipe manufacturers produce ready-made fittings and couplings with sockets already made (Fig. 37). The use of such parts makes the pipeline more expensive, but completely eliminates human factor", present at self-production bell with an expander.

The pipes at the place of solder are coated with flux (Fig. 38), which will act as a lubricant for the solder and “etch” (cleaning the metal) for copper. For high-temperature soldering with silver or bronze solders, borax is used as a flux. It is mixed with water until a viscous slurry is obtained. Flux is applied without excess only to the pipe collar that will be connected to the fitting or socket, and not inside the fitting or socket. After applying flux, it is recommended to immediately assemble the parts to prevent foreign particles from getting onto the wet surface. If for some reason soldering occurs a little later, then it is better for the parts to wait for this moment already in articulated form. It is recommended to rotate the pipe in the fitting or socket, or, conversely, the fitting around the axis of the pipe, in order to make sure that the flux is evenly distributed in the installation gap and to feel that the pipe has reached the stop. Then you need to remove visible flux residues from the outer surface of the pipe with a rag.

For soldering copper pipes, solder rods with a diameter of 3 mm made from alloys of copper and silver or bronze are used. After making the socket or when using a ready-made fitting with a socket, the pipes are inserted into each other. The connection point is heated on all sides with a propane or acetylene torch. Heating is carried out until the solder rod brought and pressed to the socket begins to melt. With the acquisition of experience, the heating time of the pipes is determined by the change in the color of the pipe - until a “red glow” is achieved. Threaded fittings for connecting them to other pipelines or plumbing fixtures are made of bronze and brass and require longer heating times when soldering. To determine the solder consumption per connection, the following method is usually used: the solder rod is bent in the shape of the letter L, making the bend slightly larger than the diameter of the socket. As soon as the soldering area is heated to desired temperature, the solder is pressed against the gap between the socket and the pipe inserted into it and moved around the pipe, without stopping the heating of the joint. The solder melts and flows into the gap. You need to fuse the entire bent end of the solder into the gap, no more and no less. An increase in solder consumption leads to the fact that it can leak through the gap and melt the internal cross-section of the pipes; a decrease in solder consumption leads to unsoldered joints.

When soldering pipes, you must observe basic safety precautions for working with open flames. You need to work in canvas gloves, preferably together with an assistant, holding the pipe away from the heating area. When working alone, use clamps to temporarily secure pipes.

After cooling, the unit is ready for use - this is the most reliable connection of copper pipes and is not at all complicated. The experience of soldering copper pipes comes quickly, and for those who already know gas welding techniques, it is immediately understandable. True, to heat the pipes you need gas welding equipment. Sometimes (for soldering connections not large diameters) you can take advantage of the hot air of a powerful hair dryer, using a nozzle that limits the cone of hot air in order to achieve heating faster. Another method of heating without a flame is electrical contact devices. Outwardly, they resemble large pliers with replaceable copper heads for gripping pipes of different diameters.

Upon completion of soldering of the unit or the entire pipeline, it must be washed to free the internal cavities from flux residues. As already mentioned, flux works not only as a lubricant for solder, but also as a etchant for copper, that is, in essence it is an aggressive oxidizing agent. And if so, then there is nothing else for it to do inside the pipes; it must be removed from there by washing with water. Remove flux from the outer surface of the pipes with a rag.

Butt soldering of pipelines is not permitted. If it is necessary to connect parts end-to-end, then pipes are not soldered, but welded. In principle, almost the same operations are performed as in high-temperature soldering, except that the use of flux is not required, and the heating of pipes and fittings is increased to the melting temperature of the metal.

For low-temperature soldering, fittings with solder fused into them are used. Externally, these are the same fittings for socket soldering, but a belt is extruded along the surface of the socket (Fig. 39), into which manufacturers poured solder at the stage of manufacturing the fittings. The fitting can be filled with both refractory and low-melting solder, thanks to which both types of soldering can be performed. However, most often, low-melting solder is poured into the fittings, so the connections on such fittings are classified as low-temperature solders.

The technology for connecting copper pipes using fused solder fittings is even simpler than using conventional fittings. Pipes and fittings are processed in exactly the same way as described above. The pipes are then inserted into fittings or couplings. The fittings are heated by the fire of a blowtorch or the hot air of a hair dryer; the solder embedded in the fittings melts and spreads along the socket, soldering the parts (Fig. 40). That's the whole technology: stuck the cleaned and flux-treated parts into each other, heated the assembly with a blowtorch and let it cool.

Low-temperature brazing of copper pipes can be used for all types of house piping, with the exception of pipes with high temperatures (about 150–250°C), which do not exist in a normal house.

Connecting pipes using soldering
Sealed joining of copper pipes without soldering
Mandatory connection rules

Even taking into account the fact that polymer pipes are being used more and more often, metal products are still enjoying considerable success. Typically, the metal used is copper, brass and steel. Copper is superior in terms of resistance to corrosion and high temperatures. Actually, the connection of copper pipes will be discussed in this article.

Even though copper pipes are expensive, taking into account all the characteristics of the material, their use is quite justified.

First of all, before connecting copper pipes, you should decide how to connect them, by soldering or another method.

Connecting pipes using soldering

Let's consider connecting copper tubes with fittings followed by soldering, which can be low- and high-temperature. In the first method, soldering is carried out at a temperature of 300 ºC. The second method is used when installing systems with high loads for industrial purposes.

Couplings are used as connectors for copper pipes; tin-lead solder and flux are additionally needed.

The pipe soldering technology will be as follows:

• First of all, a pipe of a certain size is cut.

  Copper pipe connection: types and features

  This process must be carried out carefully, taking into account the size of the existing fittings.

• The ends of the pipes must be inspected - there should be no defects such as chips, cracks or burrs. If they are not eliminated, there will be problems with the tightness of the connection after all the work is completed.
• After making sure that the ends are clean, you can start connecting. Due to the fact that several pipes will be connected, and they can be of different sections, the fittings must be selected accordingly.
• Next, the end of the pipe and the inner walls of the couplings should be treated with flux, which will degrease the surfaces to obtain the highest quality connection.
• Now the end of the pipe is threaded into the copper tube connector and heated. It must be selected so that the cross-section is 1-1.5 cm larger than the cross-section of the pipe. The pipes are heated with a gas burner. The gap between the pipe and the coupling is filled with molten solder. Currently, you can find any type of solder on the market to suit your needs, so there should not be any problems with the choice.
• After the solder is evenly distributed around the circumference, the parts to be joined must be left until it has completely hardened.

• At the final stage, you need to check the connectors for the copper pipes and the entire system by running water into it. At this moment, not only the system will be checked, but it will also be cleaned of flux residues, which over time can cause metal corrosion.

Sealed joining of copper pipes without soldering

Additionally, it is worth noting that, despite the fact that connecting pipes by soldering is considered the most reliable method in most cases, there are still situations when it is not possible to use this method. In such cases, you can resort to connecting copper tubes without soldering. Special fittings will be required that will ensure a reliable connection due to the clamping effect that is formed by the threaded connection.

In this case, the connection is made in the following sequence:

• First, the fittings are disconnected, which often have two components.
• One of the elements is put on the pipe. As a rule, this is a nut and a clamping ring.
• Next, thread the pipe into the fitting and tighten the nut.

Typically, such fittings are equipped with detailed instructions, which must be followed, otherwise the work performed will be of poor quality.

It is worth noting that before connecting copper tubes without soldering, you should be aware of all the risks, since it is quite difficult to obtain a high-quality connection. Minimal distortions of the connected parts are not allowed at all, otherwise the technology is grossly violated. To threaded connection It turned out to be extremely airtight, it is advisable to further seal it with special threads. At the same time, it is worth making sure that they do not end up on the inside of the pipe, since subsequently water may not pass through the system properly.

Mandatory connection rules

For any type of connection, the list of work performed will look like this:

• The connected pipes must be made of the same metal. If you are going to connect a copper pipe with a pipe made of any other material, you must decide on the desired connection method. For example, the soldering method cannot be used to join pipes made of copper and polyvinyl chloride.
• When connecting a copper pipe to a steel pipe, the copper pipe should be placed after the steel pipe.
• When tightening a threaded connection, you need to be extremely careful, especially if you have pipes with thin walls.
• To correctly determine the amount of solder required, the piece of wire must have the circumference of the pipe being soldered.
• A special burner is best suited for heating pipes.

  You can, of course, use a simple blowtorch, but in this case you need to be prepared that the joint will overheat and the entire work process will become somewhat more complicated.

• It's no secret that copper pipes are a rather expensive material. In this regard, even before carrying out the work, it would not be superfluous to make preliminary calculations of the volume required material. At the same time, remember that all connecting parts also have their own dimensions, so they must be taken into account.

In conclusion, it would not be amiss to note that connecting copper pipes is technologically a process of medium complexity. If you are doing this kind of work for the first time, then you need to be prepared for the fact that some nuances may arise. To understand the process and get as much insight as possible about it, it would be a good idea to get advice from professional workers, or at least get acquainted with the available video materials.

How to connect copper pipes: basic methods

There are many methods for connecting copper pipes to unified system pipeline. The market provides a huge number of fittings, solders, fluxes, and fasteners that allow you to create detachable and permanent, serviceable and maintenance-free connections.

Working with copper pipes consists of:

• sizing estimates - if the pipe is incorrectly measured, it is impossible to cut it correctly;
• cutting - done strictly perpendicularly using a pipe cutter, taking into account that it is better to make more revolutions than to apply force;
• stripping - removing burrs after cutting and oxide film (it is better to do this with a special napkin);
• connections.

Methods for connecting copper pipes:

• capillary soldering;
• high temperature soldering;
• various fittings.

Solder connection

For connecting copper products by soldering Apply flux to the cleaned surface and immediately connect the parts. Heat the connection unit evenly with a gas torch (blowtorch, soldering iron) until the flux begins to change color and the solder melts. The burner fire is withdrawn and the solder fills the gap between the elements.

In order for the amount of solder to be optimal, experts offer a simple guideline - the length of the solder rod should be equal to the diameter of the pipe. You can cut the rod to the required length before soldering. If one of the elements is a fitting that has already been treated with solder at the factory, then there is no need to add it.

After filling the gap with solder, it is necessary to allow time for cooling without exposing the assembly to mechanical stress. When the solder has completely hardened, you need to remove all remaining solder and flux with a damp cloth.

Copper fittings: solder and flare, threaded and crimp

After the entire system is installed, it should be flushed hot water. Flux promotes corrosion, so its presence on the inner surface is undesirable.

Types of fittings for connecting copper pipes

A connection without soldering is made using fittings, which are divided into two large groups - straight (connecting elements of the same diameter) and transitional (connecting elements of different diameters). Diameters can be from 8 to 100 millimeters.

Based on the configuration, a fitting (connector) for copper pipes is called:

• coupling - must be made of the same material as the pipes, can be used both for elements with the same diameter and for elements with different diameters, used in cases where there is no need to change direction;
• square - designed to change the direction of the system by 30, 45 or 90 degrees;
• tee - used to connect three ends located at an angle of 45 or 90 degrees relative to each other;
• cross - joins together four pipes located perpendicular to each other on the same plane;
• adapter (“American”, fitting, squeegee, nipple) – for combining pipes from different materials using various methods;
• plug - a cap, a plug for sealing the end of the tube;
• fitting - for connecting a pipe and a flexible hose.

Based on the method, connecting copper pipes with fittings can be:

• using a soldering fitting with tin underneath the threads. A pipe treated with flux is inserted into it, the assembly is heated until the solder becomes liquid and fills the gap;
• using a threaded one (equipped with a thread);
• crimp (compression), allowing you to connect elements of different diameters. The pipe and fitting are fixed using an O-shaped seal and a split or one-piece ring.

  Conventional tools are suitable for installation;

• a press fitting, consisting of a body and a bushing and mounted using press pliers;
• self-locking fitting, which is based on internal rings, one of which is equipped with teeth. When pressed with a special key, the teeth fit into another ring, forming a reliable connection. It's as easy to put on as it is to take off.

Features of copper products: what to consider

When installing a copper pipeline, it is important to know not only how to connect copper pipes, but also to fulfill several additional conditions:

• to extend the life of the system, only copper and its alloys should be used;
• if it is necessary to use products from other materials, then it should be taken into account that copper cannot be combined with galvanized steel, as this leads to corrosion in the steel elements;
• if it is impossible to avoid the use of steel products, then they should be mounted in front of copper elements;
• safe connection of copper and acid-resistant steel.

Fastening elements

Copper pipe clamps are required for the final installation of any pipeline.

For household pipelines the following are used:

• metal C-shaped (fastening with one bolt) and O-shaped (fastening with two bolts) clamps made of steel and equipped rubber coating, neutralizing mechanical and acoustic vibrations;
• plastic clamps (movable and stationary) – for internal systems, equipped with dowel and screw;
• brackets – for hanging or arranging system elements.

It is quite obvious that for each system it is necessary to select its own installation and fastening methods. Only when choosing quality materials and correct installation the pipeline will be reliable and durable.

On the market of modern communication systems, the most popular are products made of plastic and of stainless steel. They are widely used to create water supply, sewerage and heating pipelines. However, copper communications, despite their high cost, have also firmly occupied their niche. They are less susceptible to corrosion (unlike steel) and are more reliable than plastic, which makes it possible to create durable pipelines that will operate for decades.

We will describe in our article how to choose copper pipes for installing a heating or plumbing system in a house, and how to install copper pipes with your own hands.

The undeniable and most important advantages of copper communications are:

• corrosion resistance;
• high strength;
• plasticity and flexibility, which makes the installation process easier and faster;
• no growths of inorganic compounds and microorganisms form inside the products;
• durability of operation of communication systems.

The most important question is how to choose copper pipes so that they serve their purpose for a long time without additional maintenance and repairs.

When choosing copper communications, you need to consider a number of factors:

• pipe dimensions;
• pressure in a specific heating or water supply system;
• temperature of transported substances;
• the presence of an insulating layer of polyvinyl chloride or other polymer;
• purpose of the pipeline.

One of the main parameters is the diameter of copper pipes, on which the technical characteristics of the pipeline and selection of fittings for installation. For pipeline construction household use products are used in the two most common sizes

When creating larger systems, larger sizes can be used.

The difference between copper pipes and their steel counterparts is that even with such a small thickness, the working pressure of copper products is much higher.

Methods for connecting copper pipes

Copper pipe installation and connection individual elements Copper pipelines can be made using threaded couplings, using a press fitting, and also by soldering copper parts using a gas torch.

The first two methods are the simplest and should not cause difficulties, even if self-installation communications. Soldering of copper products is carried out only by specialists with experience and special tools. However, this is the most reliable, strong and durable type of connection of copper products.

For arrangement copper pipeline The following tools may be needed:

• Bulgarian with cutting disc or a special device - a pipe cutter;
• calibrator, which is needed to restore the ideal round shape after processing products;

Calibrator for copper pipes

• a regular set of wrenches, including an adjustable one;
• a file with a fine notch for cleaning pipe sections;
• pliers and abrasive paper for removing oxide and preparing metal for soldering;
• gas burner or powerful hot soldering iron;
• solder and flux for better adhesion of copper to tin.

Features of pipeline installation

Let's take a closer look at each copper pipe connection.

For connecting products threaded method The following procedure is carried out step by step.

Cut the pipe required size. Perform calibration, and if necessary, you can flare the pipe section depending on the type of fitting used. Clean the ends of the connected products from burrs and dust and make a small chamfer for better connection with coupling.

If the fitting does not contain a polymer gasket, then a special winding tape must be wound around the cut of the product, which will improve the sealing of the connection.

Place the fastening nut on the pipe.

Fittings for copper pipes: types, characteristics, installation features

Install a cone-shaped crimp ring to create a reliable connection of the entire structure. Insert the section of the product into the fitting and tighten the connection with a nut using a regular wrench

The entire installation process can be seen more clearly in the video below:

Installing copper pipes using a press fitting will not cause any difficulties. Sections of the product are prepared in the same way. The ends of the pipes to be connected are inserted into a clamp fitting, inside of which there is a gasket, and the clamp is used to compress the material.

To do this, you will need special pliers that grip the entire circumference of the product. Regular pliers will not work, as they only grip certain areas of the joint.

This method and threaded connection of copper pipes are the simplest and most convenient. Anyone, even a novice installer of communication systems, can quickly complete this job. However, they are designed for pipelines with low water pressure. To make bends, turns and avoid obstacles when laying pipes, there are special elements made of the same metal.

Connecting copper pipes by soldering

The highest quality and most reliable installation - copper pipes are connected by soldering.

Products must be prepared and cleaned of foreign metal particles and dust.

If there is an insulating layer of polymer on the copper pipe, then it must be removed at a distance of 15-20 centimeters from the cut of the product.

The surface of copper is susceptible to oxidation in the open air, so a layer of metal oxide forms on top, which can prevent high-quality soldering of elements. He's cleaning up mechanically using fine sandpaper.

After processing the cut of the product, it is necessary to wipe the soldering area with a clean and dry cloth to remove sawdust and dust. Then the cleaned surface should be treated with flux, which is a solution of sulfuric acid and other substances that promote better adhesion of metals.

It would also be a good idea to tinning the part of the pipe that is to be soldered with solder. For this it needs to be heated and a thin layer of molten solder applied. This is extremely important for the installation of copper pipes.

The end of the product prepared in this way must be inserted into the fitting with a small gap into which the molten solder will enter during soldering. Next, you should heat the soldering area with a gas torch or a powerful soldering iron.

However, it should be noted that too heat may damage the connection as the solder will roll down.

Before soldering, you need to firmly secure the joint, because even a slight vibration can disrupt the quality of the connection.

At the final stage of laying copper pipes, you should insert solder, which is similar in shape to ordinary wire, into the gap between the product and the fitting and melt it. After cooling, the connection is ready for use.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the process of cooling the soldering area should occur gradually and naturally. Procedure with cold water or with a damp cloth, as with electric welding, in this case it is strictly prohibited. Otherwise, the solder will crumble and the connection will have to be redone.

After the installation is completed - copper pipes are installed in the pipeline in compliance with all rules, it is necessary to test the performance of the entire system by briefly supplying water. During the test, all pipe connections and connections to plumbing fixtures should be carefully inspected. For your peace of mind, you need to supply water with a pressure slightly higher than the operating value. If the pipeline passes this test, then it can be safely connected to operating mode.

Copper pipes are excellent for creating water pipes, gas pipelines and similar communications. And for their installation, various connecting elements called fittings are used.

Features of using compression fittings

The popularity of crimp fittings for copper pipes is due to the fact that they do not require special equipment or welding to connect them. All you need is a cutter, a calibrator and a set of wrenches. Since minimal tools are involved, labor and costs are reduced.

But this design has certain disadvantages. The pipeline must not be concreted, as the compression fittings may become loose over time and must be tightened. This connection is not as reliable when compared to soldering. Therefore, they are designed for low pressure in pipes. The structure itself is reusable, but a re-installed pipeline will be much less reliable.

Copper pipe crimp fitting device

The compression fitting consists of three components: the body of the product, the ferrule nut and the ferrule for copper pipes. The latter is intended to increase the tightness of the connection and increase its resistance to pressure. The fitting usually contains one or a pair of ferrules. Their use allows you to extend the life of the pipeline system. Such a connection can last up to 50 years.

There are compression fittings made of polymer, metal, copper and brass. For installation of copper pipelines, it is preferable to use the latter. This is due to the plasticity of brass, as well as its low cost. Although its strength is lower than that of steel, brass fittings are much easier to install. Sometimes they are treated with nickel to increase the resistance of the compounds to various influences.

When purchasing a product, you should pay attention to its weight. The fitting should not be too light, because this is evidence of its Low quality. It is preferable to purchase components from well-known brands. To avoid coming across an unreliable product, you can ask for a quality certificate.

These precautions will ensure you have a long-lasting connection. Experts often advise choosing brass fittings for HDPE products, because they are corrosion-resistant, which will increase the strength of the system.

Types of compression fittings

There are five types of compression fittings for copper pipes:

1. Tees. They are designed to create a branch from the main highway in one direction.
2. Crosses. Used when two-way branching is required.
3. Couplings. Allows you to connect two pipes of equal diameter.
4. Bends. Designed to rotate the pipeline by 45 degrees.
5. Plugs. Closing elements attached to the end of a pipe section.

If it is necessary to connect pipes of equal diameter, straight connecting parts are used. If they do not match in diameter, then transition elements are used.

Specifics of installation of compression fittings in copper pipelines

As mentioned above, no special equipment is needed to install copper pipes with compression fittings. A person can handle the task without any problems, having only a few tools at his disposal, and without outside help.

According to the European classification, there are two types of products with excellent markings.

Type A is intended for the construction of above-ground steel pipelines or semi-solid copper systems.

Type B is used for installation of underground and above-ground systems; such components are suitable for thick-walled pipes made of soft and semi-hard grades of copper.

When installing crimp fittings for copper pipes, it is necessary to strictly adhere to certain rules in order to obtain a reliable and durable design.

Installing Type A Compression Fittings

When choosing this type of connecting elements, you must perform the following steps:

1. Pick up suitable size details. This is very simple task, because all fittings are manufactured according to European standards with uniform dimensions.
2. Cut the pipe and strip it. The cut is checked using a gauge. It is necessary to remove uneven edges, dirt, scratches and other defects from the surface. A crimp ring is attached to the pipe. Experts recommend wetting the joint; this is done for more reliable contact of the seal.
3. Insert the pipe into the fitting until it stops. First, tighten the crimp nut by hand, then with a wrench.

A slightly deformed pipe should be evidence of successful completion of the job. This is a normal phenomenon and confirms the reliability of the connection. Here's how to crimp copper pipe with a Type A fitting.

Recommendation: Connecting copper pipes using compression fittings does not require brute force. It is advisable to avoid excessive pressure during installation, as this can lead to premature failure of the structure, but will not increase the tightness of the system.

Installing Type B Compression Fittings

The installation algorithm for crimp connections for type B copper pipes is similar to the previous one. The cut must be cleaned of dirt and obvious defects. It is worth paying attention to the condition of the threads in the fitting. To simplify the connection, it can be lubricated with machine oil. The edge of the pipe is flared, the seal cone should be firmly pressed against the inner edge.

When performing work, it is important to choose right size key Otherwise, the tool may deform the nut head. Also, it should not be loose. For example, if a connection with a diameter of 54 mm is expected, it is preferable to select a key with a length of 750 mm.

Features of installing a copper pipeline

Since the cost of a copper pipeline is very high, it is recommended to adhere to a number of rules when purchasing materials:

• It is preferable to buy pipes from one material; this approach will increase the durability of the structure.
• The connection of copper to unalloyed steel is extremely unreliable. Their interaction gives rise to electrochemical processes that destroy the structure. Steel parts At the same time, they lose their corrosion resistance and fail much faster.
• If a heterogeneous connection is planned, it is necessary to place steel pipes in front of copper pipes in the direction of transportation of liquid or gas.
• But copper pipes can be used together with their PVC elements. Such a connection will be reliable and no negative consequences will arise.
• For sewer installation, they are gaining more and more popularity. PVC pipes. This is due to their low cost relative to metal products, while their durability is almost the same, as is their strength.

Compression fittings are often used when installing copper pipelines, since such a connection is practical and easy to implement. At the same time, it is important not to skimp on the quality of products, otherwise the structure will quickly require repairs. The more responsible the installation of the pipeline is, the longer its service life will be.

Compression fittings for copper pipes: compression fittings for crimping, installation of connections, how to crimp rings

Crimping fittings for copper pipes: types and features

To choose the right method for connecting copper pipes for long and trouble-free operation home plumbing, consider the options for these various connections.

Firstly, the choice of copper pipes for home water supply is due to their quality characteristics: environmental friendliness, bactericidal properties, low susceptibility to corrosion, ease of installation, long service life with virtually no maintenance.

There are several ways to install copper pipelines, and they are determined by the conditions of its subsequent operation: the principle of the pipeline design is detachable or one-piece, maintained or unattended. If the pipeline is planned to be hidden (in a floor screed, in a wall), then strong, permanent connections are required. Maintenance-free connections are made for them by welding or soldering or pressing. Maintenance-free connections are characterized by reliability, durability, and are resistant to changes in temperature and pressure of the working environment.

In the case of laying pipes in the open (on walls), any type of connection is suitable, but more often the choice is made on the fastest and easiest compression connection when crimp fittings for copper pipes are used. Such connections require periodic inspection and maintenance.

Various connections will require different instruments. Thus, pipe crimping is carried out using press jaws or wrenches.

General information about fittings.

When making connections, special fittings for copper pipes are used, which differ in the installation method. They are classified according to various criteria: There are elements for detachable (compression fittings for copper pipes) and permanent connections (solder fittings).

They also differ in purpose:

• for corner transitions and connecting pipes of different diameters, adapters (bends) are used;
• for arranging branches from the central pipe - tees or crosses;
• for connecting pipes of different diameters in straight sections - couplings;
• For installation of automation systems in heating and cooling systems, push-in fittings for copper pipes are used.

The next type of classification is by material. Copper, brass or bronze crimp fittings for copper pipes are most often used, sometimes chrome-plated brass. There are also differences in the requirements for metal due to the technological purpose of the fitting used for different types of pipelines (water, gas, heating, cooling).

Regardless of the manufacturer of the fittings, all connecting elements are made in sizes regulated by international standards, they are interchangeable. Fittings for copper pipes are easy to install and reliable.

Crimping connections for copper pipes.

There are two types of crimp connections for copper pipes - permanent connections on press fittings and detachable connections of copper pipes on crimp (collet) fittings.

Permanent copper pipelines are installed using press fittings. This type of installation was made possible thanks to the plasticity of copper; it is deformed using a special tool, obtaining a strong and hermetic connection, the quality of which is quite comparable to a soldered one. Press fittings for copper pipes allow you to achieve a joint that is tight enough to withstand pressure higher than the pipe itself. The connection is considered stronger than a compression connection, but requires the use of a special tool - a press.

Outwardly, they resemble fittings for capillary soldering, but instead of solder, an O-ring made of an elastic polymer, superior in quality to rubber, is placed in the fitting collar. The technology for using press fittings includes several simple operations: pipes are cut in right size, the ends are cleared of burrs and calibrated. Then all ends are inserted into the fitting, and the joints are pressed using press tongs. The shape of the edge will depend on which profile the tool is used with.

The copper compression fitting used is convenient in that it does not require special equipment to work with it, there is no need to use open flame. A minimum of tools is required here: a cutter, spanners(according to pipe sizes) and calibrator. Although the resulting connection is considered dismountable, that is, it requires disassembly and reuse, its reliability in this case is reduced. These connections are not designed for use in high pressure environments.

Detachable connections of copper pipes are made using crimp (collet) fittings. Compression fittings for copper pipes are divided into two main types: one for connecting pipes made of hard and semi-hard materials (A), the second for connecting semi-hard and soft materials (B). The copper pipe collet creates additional pressure, pressing the pipe walls against the fitting cartridge, which ensures a tight connection.

Copper pipe compression fittings consist of a body, a compression nut, and a copper ferrule that is designed to seal the connection. Due to the fact that the copper ring is flattened when pressed, the structure becomes immune to vibration.

Type A copper pipe compression fittings are used to join hard copper pipes, hard annealed pipes, and even soft copper pipes, but to prevent them from deforming when tightening, a piece of pipe (support sleeve) is inserted inside. Preparation for the process is carried out as in the previous connection: select compression fittings for copper pipes of the required size, cut them, clean the cut, check the geometry of the pipe with a mandrel-gauge and insert the pipe into the fitting. The clamping nut begins to be tightened by hand until the pipe stops rotating relative to the fitting, then it is tightened with a tool until the pipe is slightly deformed and the joint is tight. If leakage is observed, you can slightly tighten the nut. In theory, the fitting can be unscrewed and reassembled, but it is better not to do this.

Type B copper pipe compression fittings are more popular and allow the installation of soft, thick wall copper pipes. Their peculiarity is that to increase the strength of the connection, sealing cones (socket sealing) are used. When tightening the nut in such a connection, the cone fits tightly into the flared edge of the pipe and is pressed against its inner surface, and with outside It is also additionally clamped with an o-ring.

This is an excellent method for joining soft pipes and does not require the use of internal support bushings. Crimping of a copper pipe is carried out with a wrench or adjustable wrench selected for the size of the pipe and fitting.

When installing compression fittings for copper pipes, you should adhere to certain rules; it is better if this work is performed by a specialist. Follow fitting manufacturer's recommendations when tightening compression connection necessary, since an inexperienced craftsman can tighten the nut and cut through the pipe with a compression ring. If this happens, you need to cut off the damaged edge and do the whole operation again. It should also be remembered that the surfaces to be connected must be clean, as well as the threads in the fitting. To obtain a reliable connection, it is necessary to select the right wrench so as not to damage the edges of the clamping nut.

Crimping fittings for copper pipes: types and features

Connecting copper pipes with collet and press fittings

Rice. 41. Connecting copper pipes with a press fitting

Another type of permanent connection of copper pipes is made using crimp couplings (Fig. 41), similar to press fittings polymer pipes and fittings for soldering copper pipes with solder embedded in them. This is like a hybrid of two designs: a press fitting and a fitting for capillary soldering. Externally, a press fitting for copper pipes is very similar to a fitting for capillary soldering (Fig. 39), and the technological difference lies in the internal contents of the fitting. The solder embedded in the capillary band of the fitting was replaced here with O-rings made of elastic polymers similar to rubber. The technology for connecting copper pipes using press fittings comes down to simple operations: cut and clear the pipes from burrs, calibrate them, insert them into the press fitting and compress the joint with press pliers (Fig. 42).

Rice. 42. Securing the fitting with press pliers

In addition to permanent connections, there are also detachable connections of copper pipes using compression (collet) fittings. There are two main types of collet joints: the first for joining hard and semi-hard pipes and the second for joining soft and semi-hard pipes.

If you take a closer look at the first type of fittings, we will see that they almost completely repeat the compression fittings for metal-plastic pipes, with the only difference that in fittings for copper there is no rod on which the metal-plastic pipe is mounted. Otherwise, the first type of fittings for copper pipes almost completely repeats the design of fittings for metal-plastic: the same union nuts, the same O-ring, the same tightening method (Fig. 43).

Rice. 43. Connecting copper pipes with compression fittings of the first type

Preparatory operations consist of selecting a fitting of the appropriate size. Next, as usual, you should carefully cut the pipe, remove the burr, use a mandrel gauge to check the cut for ovality and, if necessary, restore the original geometry of the pipe. Then the pipe is inserted into the fitting until it stops. Typically, the lug nut is hand-tightened first. After the pipe is clamped by the compression ring to such an extent that it is impossible to turn it relative to the fitting by hand, the nut is turned with a wrench 1/3 or 2/3 of a turn in order to slightly deform the pipe and provide the required clamping force. Theoretically, such a pipe connection can be disassembled and reassembled, but in practice it is better not to touch it. If the connection does not leak, then leave it alone; if it leaks, then you need to slightly tighten the nuts.

The first type of compression fittings was designed for hard copper pipes (Fig. 43), but they can connect both soft pipes and hard ones with annealed ends. To ensure that the pipes do not become deformed when the nuts are tightened, a piece of pipe - a support sleeve - is placed inside them. After adding this element, the fitting almost completely repeats the design of a compression fitting for metal-plastic pipes.

Compression connections of the second type are based on socket-shaped joining of pipes through sealing cones. In these fittings, by tightening the nut, the cone is pressed against the inner surface of the flared edge of the pipe, and the top of the pipe is clamped with an O-ring. The design of the unit uses the properties of soft copper: under pressure, it “grinds” to the surface to which it is pressed. The connection is not new; a sufficient number of men who understand the braking system of their car or the power system of diesel engines are familiar with it. IN piping In plumbing systems, the connection is slightly modified, but the principle of joining remains the same; based on it, you may encounter other types of fittings.

Rice. 44. Connecting soft copper pipes with compression fittings of the second type

The technology for assembling the unit (Fig. 44) is as simple as all the assemblies described above. After cutting the pipes, removing burrs (burrs) and irregularities, a clamping nut is put on the pipe and the end of the pipe is flared with a mandrel. Next, a pressure cone is inserted into the open part, after which the mounting assembly is assembled. Pre-tightening, as with all compression fittings, is done by hand and then tightened with a wrench, usually one turn.

For copper pipes of large diameters, a flange connection is used. The basic design involves welding a flange with a pipe socket or high-temperature soldering, and much less commonly, a compression connection.

Connecting copper pipes with collet and press fittings

Copper pipes are a universal material that is used almost everywhere: in the creation of water supply systems, gas pipelines, and heating systems. They are not afraid of chlorinated water, which makes them especially attractive for installing urban water supply networks. Copper is not afraid of corrosion and has a very long service life.

Installation of a copper pipeline is carried out using a variety of different types connections, and this is not only welding and soldering, but also the use of compression (crimp) elements.

Advantages and disadvantages of compression fittings

Connecting copper pipes with compression fittings is convenient because it does not require high temperature and special equipment.

This means that they can be used to install pipes in hard to reach places, the only tools you will need are:

• spanners,
• calibrator,
• cutter.

The work time is reduced, labor costs are reduced, and the resulting system turns out to be completely sealed and durable.

However, this design is not without drawbacks. Compression fittings need to be checked and tightened periodically, so they should not be concreted.

They are designed for low pressure in the system, and therefore are considered less reliable than soldering. The design is reusable, that is, it can be disassembled and reassembled, but in practice, reconnection is unreliable, and it will soon have to be replaced.

Design and principle of operation of a compression fitting

A compression fitting for copper pipes consists of several parts:

• housings;
• crimp nut;
• ferrule ring.

Ferrules (usually one or two) are designed to create a sealed connection and make it resistant to high blood pressure and durability. Thanks to them, the structure becomes resistant to vibration fatigue and can serve for many years.

High-quality crimp fittings for copper pipes can last up to 50 years.

Advice!
It is better to choose parts in which special EPD M material is used for connecting rings, rather than ordinary rubber, as they will last much longer.

Compression fittings are made from:

• brass,
• copper,
• plastic,
• metal

In this case, brass connecting elements are most often used, since this material is easy to process and costs less than pure copper. It is inferior in strength to stainless steel, but it is much easier to install.

Sometimes brass fittings are additionally treated with nickel to increase resistance to various influences.

When choosing, pay attention to the weight of the product; this indicator should not be too light. You can ask the seller for a quality certificate; in addition, professionals advise immediately choosing parts from a well-known manufacturer.

This ensures that you do not waste your money and that the installed system is reliable. Many people advise using a brass fitting for HDPE pipes, as it is not subject to corrosion, but provides a greater margin of safety than plastic.

Types of compression fittings

IN various systems pipelines, several types of connecting devices are used, which you can see in the photo:

• tees(used when creating a one-way branch);
• crosses(installation of double-sided branches);
• couplings(connect two sections of pipe of the same diameter);
• bends(used to create 45 degree turns);
• stubs(installed at the end of a pipe section).

If it is intended to connect pipes of the same diameter, then direct connecting devices are used, and if they are different, transitional ones are used.

Installation of compression fittings on copper pipes

Since this type of connection does not require special equipment, it is quite possible to do it yourself.

In the European classification, there are two types of components, marked with the letters A and B.

1. Type A used only for the installation of above-ground piping systems made of semi-solid copper or stainless steel.
2. Type B used for underground and above-ground communications, it is designed for soft and semi-hard copper grades with a thick wall.

Installation instructions for different types require strict adherence to certain rules to ensure the connection is as reliable as possible.

Installation of Type A compression fittings

1. Select the desired element size. This is not difficult to do, since all connecting structures are manufactured according to a single European standard in accordance with the nomenclature;
2. Cut the pipe and remove the burrs. Check the cut with a gauge. Make sure there is no dirt, rough edges or scratches on the surface. A crimp ring is placed on the pipe; you can moisten the joint with water to prevent the seal from tearing or slipping;
3. Insert the pipe into the fitting until it stops. Tighten the clamp nut by hand first and then use a wrench.

Advice!
Excessive use of force is not required here, since this will not make the connection more airtight. When using cheap parts, the ring may be squeezed out, in which case the fitting will have to be completely replaced.

As a result of the actions taken, the pipe should be only slightly deformed, and this confirms that the connection is made airtight. The video in this article will show in detail in practice all the stages of work to create a durable structure.

Installation of Type B Compression Fittings

Fittings of the second type are mounted in approximately the same way. The cut is cleaned of dirt; it is important to ensure that the threads in the new fitting are clean. You can just grease it a little with machine oil to make it easier to wrap. The seal cone must be pressed against the inner edge of the tube; the edge of the tube itself must be flared.

It is important to choose the right wrench and make sure that it is not loose, otherwise you can easily damage the nut. For example, if a connection with a diameter of 54 mm is required, it is better to take a wrench 750 mm long.

Features of connecting copper pipes

The price of a copper pipeline is quite high, so it is recommended to follow several rules when choosing materials.

• It is better that they are uniform, this will increase the service life of the entire structure.
• Copper cannot be combined with unalloyed steels. Because of this, electrochemical processes begin between metals that are detrimental to the connection. Steel elements and even galvanized steel in this case begin to suffer from corrosion.
• As a last resort, if a dissimilar connection cannot be avoided, they are installed in front of the copper ones in the direction of the water flow.
• Copper pipes combine well with PVC pipeline parts, in this case there will be no negative consequences for the connection.
• PVC pipes for sewerage are increasingly replacing metal pipes, as they are cheaper, easier to install and at the same time practically not inferior to them in strength and durability.

Conclusion

Compression fittings for connecting copper pipes are used quite often, as it is both convenient and profitable. But it is important not to skimp on the quality of parts, otherwise the need for repairs will arise very soon. The more responsible you are in selecting and installing components, the longer they will ultimately serve you.