The concept of the teachings on the sample. Methodical recommendations for the organization and conduct of exercises and trainings on civil defense and protection against emergencies in municipalities, organizations and institutions. Types of exercises and trainings, frequency of carrying out

Comprehensive exercise on the topic "Actions of students and permanent staff in the event of a release of radioactive substances."

Target: to work out the actions of students, non-military formations and a permanent composition in the event of a release of radioactive substances. Develop coordinated classroom and school activities. To cultivate self-confidence in counteracting the elements.

The course of the teachings

Introductory part.

Signal "Attention everyone!" and speech information: "Attention, citizens, there was an accident with the release of radioactive substances."

Main part

Filling the PRU. Students cover their respiratory organs with improvised means and with chairs are evacuated from classrooms to the corridor of the 1st floor and sit against a blank wall according to the indicated places.

Obtaining gas masks and undergoing iodine prophylaxis. Grades 1 - 4 undergo iodine prophylaxis in the 1st room "First aid point". In the same office, PMP is provided in case of accidents (bone fractures, stopping bleeding, PMP in case of loss of consciousness, etc.). Students in grades 5-9 receive gas masks according to their sizes.

Evacuation from the school building and exit to the clean area.

In the lobby of the 1st floor, a column is formed in the following sequence: ½ part of the 9th grade, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and ½ part of the 9th grade.

We leave the school building perpendicular to the wind or according to the signs “ Into a clean area". We move quickly through the contaminated area, but we do not run, we do not raise dust.

Partial sanitization... Arriving in a clean area, we carry out a partial sanitization in the following sequence:

a) Turning to the wind, shake off or sweep outerwear;

b) using water and cotton swabs, we wipe the gas mask,

cuffs and collar, open areas of the body, remove the gas mask, wash

face and gargle.

Final part. Summing up the results of the teachings.

Posted on 10/30/2012

Artem IVANOV, head of department organizational support state system of prevention and elimination emergencies Minsk City Department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus:

The teachings are the most efficient method checking the readiness of civilian formations to perform their duties in an environment that is as close to reality as possible.

Assistant document:

"Instructions for the preparation and conduct of command-staff, tactical-special, integrated exercises and object training with the governing bodies, the forces of the State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies and Civil Defense ", approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus No. 48 of December 27, 2004.

Frequency of carrying out:

Comprehensive exercises in regions, cities and districts, lasting up to 3 days - once every five years;

Comprehensive exercises in organizations with more than 300 employees and in medical and preventive institutions with more than 600 beds, lasting up to 2 days - once every three years;

Command post exercises (KShU) in the republican bodies government controlled, for up to 2 days, local executive and administrative bodies for up to 8 hours - once every two years;

Command post exercises in organizations with more than 300 employees, lasting up to 8 hours - once a year;

Staff training in organizations with less than 300 employees, up to 8 hours long - once a year;

Object training - in organizations with less than 300 employees, lasting up to eight hours - once every three years;

Trainings with employees of institutions of the network of observation and laboratory control - once a year;

Special tactical exercises with members of voluntary and civilian formations for the prevention and elimination of emergencies, lasting up to eight hours - once a year.

The essence of the command post exercises (staff training) at the facilities is that all trainees perform their functions against the background of a specific, continuously evolving tactical situation that may develop at the facility.

KSHU in organizations can be single-tier and two-tier. On one-level, one instance is trained (only the management staff) - the head of the civil defense facility or the chairman of the commission for emergency situations (if the head of the civil defense does not combine both posts), the headquarters and services of the civil defense, members of the commission for emergency situations and civil defense, the evacuation commission. On the two-level, there are two instances, while the second is represented by the commanders of civil formations, leaders structural units facility (heads of workshops, complexes, production facilities), etc.

Advice: it is most advisable to conduct two-level exercises, which allow you to more fully work out the issues of decision-making, setting tasks, acquire skills in work using technical means communication and management documents.

CShU at facilities can be conducted both as an independent training event, and in order to attract the facility to exercises conducted by higher authorities (city, district).

Advice: when determining the topic, educational goals, questions and other initial data, solving the problems of preparation and developing a methodology for conducting, the requirements of the organizational and methodological instructions of local executive and regulatory bodies for the next year should be the basis.

KSHU should be preceded by training (lectures, seminars, staff training of control bodies, practical lessons with civilian formations attracted to the exercises). The organization of training in the GSChS system for business entities is described in detail in the article "Security - on new level! " (No. 5/2012).

Teaching guidance. KSHU are organized and carried out according to the principle: the chief trains his subordinates. The main organizer is the head of the civil defense facility or the chairman of the Committee for Emergency Situations. At large facilities, where a significant number of management, command and command personnel are involved in command and staff exercises, the head of the civil defense can only act as the leader of the exercises, entrusting the chief engineer or one of his deputies to perform the duties of the head of the civil defense.

The exercise leader ensures timely preparation: defines the initial data for the exercise and its overall design. The initial data are: topic, educational goals, stages of teaching and their educational questions (for each of the trained links); the composition of the trained managers and control bodies, civil defense services, a list of full-time emergency rescue units, civilian (special) formations involved; duration, time and location. At the same time, the required composition of mediators is determined, measures are planned for the preparation of training places, the scale of the training and material base. This is followed by the management of the development of basic documents; training of deputies and assistants, mediators and management headquarters; organization of training for participants in the exercise.

Advice: when carrying out practical measures, the head needs to personally work out the most important episodes related to the protection of workers and employees, and to increase the stability of the enterprise.

At the end of the training, the leader evaluates the actions of the trainees and sets tasks to eliminate the identified deficiencies.

At the facilities located in disparate territories, deputies (assistants) of the head are appointed, a management headquarters is created and intermediaries are appointed from among the most trained employees of the structural units of the facilities.

The headquarters of the leadership is created in a minimum required composition ensuring the proper organization and quality of the exercise.

Advice: on small objects, instead of the headquarters, a command group of two or three people can be created.

In order to organize control over the progress of working out introductory at training places, the head appoints mediators. Mediators are appointed at the Committee for Emergency Situations, civil defense services, and the evacuation commission. They are subordinate to the leader and are responsible for ensuring that all participants complete the assigned tasks in a timely manner (to achieve goals).

The preparatory period for exercises, as a rule, takes at least a month and begins with the development of the main working document - a calendar plan, which determines the content of events, the timing and time of their holding, as well as the performers.

In the first section of the plan- activities related to the preparation of initial data for planning and conducting a command post exercise, studying normative documents and educational and methodological literature, conducting a reconnaissance of the training area (if required), coordinating, if necessary, individual issues with local authorities, the city (district) emergency department (department) and relevant organizations and services.

In the second a list of documents, terms and persons responsible for their development, as well as terms of bringing the documents to the participants of the exercise are determined.

In third lists activities for the preparation of leadership and mediators, including lectures, seminars, group exercises, staff training, briefings, solving flyovers, questions for independent work.

In the fourth measures are provided for the preparation of the participants in the exercise: practical exercises or tactical and special exercises with the formations involved in the exercise (if provided for by the plan), the study of safety rules, the delivery of standards.

Fifth we are talking about the preparation of training places, a command post, a training and material base, communication and warning facilities, the reproduction of reference and other documents, diagrams, plans, the allocation of the required amount Vehicle, catering and other problems arising during the preparation and conduct of the exercise. Then the leader formulates the topic, determines the goals, stages and educational questions, the timing of the training, the composition of the participants.

Advice: you can proceed to this stage only after studying facility plans on civil defense, prevention and elimination of emergencies, as well as organizational and methodological instructions for the organization of functioning for the current year.

Questions to be fulfilled by the participants in the preparation of the exercise are brought to them in the form of an order for the enterprise. The order is developed after the approval of the schedule.

Development of educational and methodological documents. To conduct an exercise, as a rule, the following are developed: a plan for the conduct, organizational instructions for preparation for it, a scheme for organizing the leadership of the exercise, a list and content of injections, private plans for deputies (assistants) and intermediaries, a plan for logistics and imitation (if such is carried out) ...

Exercise plan - a document that sets out the course of the exercise in accordance with the plan, the sequence of training questions is established. The procedure is described in stages, in the form of an expanded table. At each stage, the study questions and the time allotted for them are determined. The setting is presented in the form of introductory notes.

Advice: be attentive to the timing of the study questions. Be guided by the "Civil Defense Plan" and "Emergency Prevention and Response Plan". It is advisable to work out the questions "hour by hour", that is, to conduct exercises in real time. You can enter operational jumps, work both in operational and astronomical time. The operational time is considered to be the conditional time used in the exercise to perform certain tasks that, as a rule, require long-term expenditures. Astronomical - real time, which is assigned for the implementation of specific activities.

The plan for the exercise is developed by the leadership headquarters, signed by the head of the headquarters and approved by the head of the exercise no later than two weeks before the start of the exercise.

The order (organizational instructions) on preparation for the command post exercise is communicated to the performers in advance so that they have the opportunity to fulfill all the stipulated requirements (work). The order sets forth: the timing; the composition of the leadership and participants in the exercise; preparation tasks, including the procedure and timing of equipping workplaces; provision of transport; responsible persons for the creation of full-scale sites, if such are provided for by the plan; forces and means allocated for these purposes; completion date of work; measures for the resupply of the Committee for Emergency Situations, services, evacuation bodies and other structures; providing with means of protection, communication, special equipment. The order (instruction) is signed by the head of the civil defense facility.

As an appendix to the order (or an independent document), a scheme for organizing the leadership of the teaching is being developed. It should graphically represent the leadership and all governing bodies, production units, services involved, civilian formations and other participants in the exercise.

In addition, the following are developed: private plans of assistants (if they are appointed) of the head and intermediaries, which are developed by officials appointed to perform these duties, are coordinated with the headquarters of the leadership, are specified and approved after the instructor-methodological sessions; logistics plan - a document that determines the implementation of all activities provided for by the exercise plan; the research plan (if any) contains goals with a clear indication of what exactly is subject to research, the procedure for conducting it, methods and scope of research. It is signed by the research leader's assistant and approved by the exercise leader.

Methodology of carrying out. The main techniques used during the exercise are: control over the actions of trainees when they carry out activities in accordance with the Plans; study of the work style of the Committee for Emergency Situations, the management body of the State Emergency Service, civil defense services, evacuation agencies and the provision of practical assistance in improving methods for assessing the situation, making decisions and bringing them to life. At the same time, the developed documents are studied, the reports of officials are heard, the implementation of the decisions made (orders given) is checked, the ability to ensure interaction and consistency in the work of various management bodies and services.

If at the command post exercise in some places it is envisaged to carry out practical work, then the head is personally present at the main ones, and sends deputies or mediators to others.

The building up of the situation during the exercise is carried out by the leader and mediators sequentially, in accordance with the plan and taking into account the decisions made by the trainees. Information about the situation is communicated by oral announcement or delivery of written introductory statements, orders, reports and oral reports, information from senior managers, neighbors and other sources. At the same time, the mediators must not only report new data on the situation, but also skillfully build it up in the interests of a fuller and deeper study of the educational issue. In addition, during exercises involving formations, the build-up of the situation is carried out by simulating fires, blockages, pipeline ruptures, etc.

After working out the questions of each stage, the leader briefly summarizes the preliminary results, makes a general conclusion on the stage carried out and gives instructions on the continuation of the exercise and the procedure for working out the subsequent questions.

Advice: when working out the issues of sheltering workers and employees, the manager first of all checks the time and quality of bringing the protective structures of civil defense in readiness to receive people.

Particular attention should be paid to working out the issues of increasing the stability of the facility's operation, ensuring that the chief specialists, heads of shops, sections and services of the facility perform a set of engineering and technical measures provided for by the relevant plans. Solving this problem, the manager requires ensuring reliable management in the context of ongoing production activities, checks the presence of management groups in each shift, their composition and knowledge of their own functional responsibilities in the event of an emergency and civil defense.

Then the head in the role of the head of the object's GO sets the task of carrying out evacuation measures. At the last stage of the exercise, as a rule, issues related to the organization and conduct of emergency rescue and other urgent operations are resolved. At the same time, they monitor the organization of reconnaissance, require a comprehensive assessment of the data obtained about the situation, and conduct well-founded calculations that correspond to its nature and scale.

Advice: at all stages, the focus is on the work of the Emergency Situations Commission and the State Emergency Situations Committee of the facility. The manager studies the coherence and efficiency of their work, analyzes the reliability of the management system, the degree of literacy of the decisions made, the clarity of the orders given and the organization of control over their implementation.

Prepare and conduct a debriefing exercise. Basically, the debriefing is carried out immediately after the end of the exercise. Therefore, preparation for it begins in advance, continues in the course of the exercise and ends at the time of its completion.

The purpose of the analysis is to comprehensively analyze the organization of the implementation of the activities provided for in the planning documents, reveal the main shortcomings in training, planning, and set tasks for their elimination.

The main data for analysis are personal impressions and observations of the leader, his deputies, comments made during the development of training questions, as well as comments and assessment of the actions of the trainees made by the mediators.

The leader's report recalls the topic and educational questions, the composition of the participants, the environment in which all the participants acted. Then the work of the leadership and command and command staff, the ability to quickly and competently make decisions, persistently implement them and firmly lead the actions of subordinates, is examined. An assessment of the organization of management, interaction and comprehensive support of actions, the completeness of working out educational issues and achieving the objectives of the exercise is given. The analysis ends with the presentation of instructions for eliminating the identified shortcomings and the setting of tasks to improve the activities of the management bodies of the object link of the State Emergency Service, services and formations of civil defense.

Advice. It is advisable to illustrate the analysis with photos and videos, diagrams, graphs, tables, calculations and other documents. Before the general analysis, private analyzes can be conducted in the civil defense services and formations that participated in the exercises. They are conducted by deputy leaders and mediators.

Everything positive and new, aimed at further improving the facility level of the State Emergency Service, is brought to the attention of the entire leadership and command and command staff.

on the organization and conduct of exercises and drills

on civil defense and protection from emergencies in municipalities, organizations and institutions.

1. Types of exercises and trainings, frequency of carrying out.
Guiding documents:

The purpose, tasks and frequency of training in civil defense, prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergencies are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the guidelines:

1. Law of the Russian Federation "On Civil Defense" dated 12.02.98, No. 28-FZ (as amended on 22.08.2004).

2. Law of the Russian Federation "On the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies

character "from 21.12.94, No. 68-FZ (as amended on 28.10.2002, from 22.08.2004).

3. Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation "On training the population in the field of protection against

emergencies of natural and technogenic character"dated 4.09.2003, No. 547.

4. Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation "On approval of the regulation on the organization

training the population in the field of civil defense "dated 2.ll.2000r. No. 841.

5. Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation "On the state of education of the population Russian Federation in the field of civil defense and protection from emergencies and measures to improve it "dated January 22, 2002, No. 19.
In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 4.09.2003, No. 547 "On training the population in the field of protection from natural and man-made emergencies," improving the knowledge, skills and abilities of the population in the field of protection from emergencies is carried out in the course of:

Command post exercises;

Special tactical exercises;

Integrated exercises;

Object training.

Command post exercises are held in local governments once every three years for up to 3 days.
Command post exercises at enterprises, institutions and organizations are held once a year for up to one day.
Tactical and special exercises lasting up to eight hours with the participation of emergency rescue services and emergency rescue teams of organizations are held once every three years, and with permanent readiness formations - once a year.
Comprehensive exercises lasting up to two days are held once every three years in municipalities and organizations that have hazardous production facilities, as well as in medical and prophylactic institutions with more than 600 beds.
In other organizations, training sessions lasting up to eight hours are held every three years.

Training with students educational institutions primary, secondary and higher vocational education held annually.
1. Exercises must be prepared and carried out on complex topics, ensuring the development of the Civil Defense and Emergencies Department (sector), services, evacuation bodies provided for by the Civil Defense and Emergencies plans.

2. Preparation for exercises and drills should be planned and organized.

3. An important requirement is the correct determination of the composition of the participants in the exercises and

the timing of their implementation. When solving these issues, it is necessary first of all

take into account the nature of the production activity of the object, and on agricultural

facilities and the seasonality of their work, the established schedule of work of enterprises and work shifts.

4. To work out educational questions in the exercise, a complex and

instructive environment that can develop at the facility as in a peaceful

time, and during the war.

5. Building up the situation during the exercise must be carried out by declaring

upon delivery of introductory notes.

6. In the exercise, one should not allow a template and simplifications in creating an environment and

methods of working out educational issues, as well as indulgences in the conduct of civil

organizations of civil defense (formations) of practical work, especially in the conditions of R, X, B and

other infection. ...

7. During the exercise, it must be ensured practical training tasks to guide

conducting civil emergency situations and improving practical skills in organizing

management.

8. Practical activities to be carried out during the exercise should

cover the main tasks of the Civil Defense and Emergencies, solved at the facility.

9. When preparing and conducting an exercise, the focus of leadership should be on

there are issues of increasing the preparedness of government bodies and civil organizations

civil defense (formations).

This is accomplished by:

Deployment of communication and warning systems;

Preparation for work of control points (point);

Deployment of the work of the combat crew on the launcher;

Creation of the necessary environment, collection of data about it and correct assessment;

Timely making competent decisions and their execution;

Setting tasks and organizing their implementation;

Development of documents for the implementation of appropriate civil defense measures and bringing

them to the performers.
2. Requirements for the preparation, organization and conduct of exercises and drills.

OPTION 1