Standards for office premises. Sanitary rules and regulations for office premises

Currently, tenants have increased demands on office space. All larger number companies wish to locate their office in a specially equipped building. Therefore, an increasing number of new or refurbished products are appearing as a result overhaul business centers specifically designed for office rental in Moscow. These buildings are equipped modern systems life support. At the same time, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems have automated control and weather-compensated regulation. Each tenant has the opportunity to set the desired microclimate parameters in the premises provided to him. Payment for energy resources must be made based on use. For a modern office building, strict requirements are imposed on the energy efficiency of systems that ensure the maintenance of acceptable parameters of the internal environment; thermal energy costs should not exceed 60 W/m2 of area. These requirements are met by a set of measures. The choice of building envelope materials ensures them thermal insulation characteristics. Costs for heating ventilation air in winter time using natural ventilation or unregulated separate supply and exhaust systems account for more than 50% of energy costs for heating. To save energy resources for heating, ventilation systems with recovery, as well as with controlled supply, are used fresh air. An increase in air exchange can be carried out based on a signal from a sensor that has reached the maximum permissible value of carbon dioxide content or based on a presence sensor.

Premises in buildings in which office rental in Moscow is provided must have a level of illumination of working surfaces sufficient according to sanitary standards - at least 400 lux. During the daytime, natural light is provided. At the same time, the location of 95% of the area of ​​each of the working rooms from the source of natural light - windows - is no more than 10 m. For lighting in the dark, ceiling lamps, if necessary, local lighting is used. Window openings must be equipped with special sun protection devices that provide protection from direct sun rays, but do not block the penetration of natural light. For this purpose they are used design features buildings - canopies and projections, as well as window blinds. Using curtains is less effective. For interior decoration It is advisable to use light colors for walls and ceilings.

Special requirements apply to finishing materials. Widely used ceramic tiles, stone. These materials are durable, environmentally friendly, have low adsorption and are easily cleaned from contaminants, therefore they provide a prestigious appearance, and also simplify compliance with hygiene requirements.

Offered under rent an office in Moscow must be provided with all types of communication: analog and digital telephone lines, Internet, as well as a digital integrated ISDN data network inside the building. In addition, business centers can house a data center and a server room with the possibility of renting. Systems are a prerequisite fire safety and video surveillance. Typically, all digital networks in a building are integrated and have the ability to connect subscribers at organized workplaces.

The business center must operate own service management, provide cleaning services and maintain the operability of utility networks.

Well-maintained workplace– the key to high employee productivity. Of course, comfort is a broad concept, often depending on the direction of a person’s work. Sanitary standards and rules provided for manufacturing enterprises and office space vary. However, both the first and second are established by SanPiN 2.24.54896 entitled “Hygienic standards for microclimate in production”.

Basic conditions

Since the beginning of 2017, new Sanitary hygienic requirements to production premises. They were approved by the Chief State sanitary doctor by its Resolution No. 81 on June 21 last year. The updated SanPiN standards put forward requirements for:

• Microclimate;
• Noise and vibration levels;
• Exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields.

These norms are marginally possible indicators of factors. Compliance with the requirements for production premises can protect employees who are at the workplace eight hours a day (forty hours a week) from the development of pathologies or occupational diseases associated with the specific performance of work duties.

The introduction of new hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises cancels the previously approved standards. For example, SanPiN 2.2.41191-03 regarding the effects of electromagnetic fields.

The most important issues regulated by SanPiNs are temperature and microclimate in the workplace of office employees.

Temperature in the office

Maintaining normal temperature is an important condition for the normal functioning of the company. Not only the health of workers, but also their labor productivity, as well as the normal functioning of the entire enterprise, depends on the temperature in the office.

Temperature standards are regulated by SanPin 2.2.4 548 96. The fifth and sixth sections of the Rules are devoted to optimization and temperature limits depending on the season (warm or cold).

Office workers whose work can be classified as intellectual, characterized by a low level physical activity, as well as a sitting position, the Labor Code and SanPin include in category Ia. For this category of employees, a temperature of twenty-three to twenty-five degrees (in summer) and twenty-two to twenty-four degrees (in winter) must be provided.

If the room temperature does not meet the specified standards, employees have the right to demand that the employer reduce the duration of work shifts.

If the temperature exceeds plus twenty-nine, labor time is reduced to three to six hours (in accordance with the functions performed). If the temperature in the office exceeds thirty-two degrees, working for more than one hour is prohibited.

There are indicators for the cold season. At temperatures below nineteen degrees, the shift duration is reduced by an hour. At temperatures below thirteen degrees Celsius, the working day cannot exceed one hour.

The work of an organization whose leadership constantly violates temperature regime premises, can be temporarily stopped for a period of up to three months.

Requirements for the microclimate in the office

Sanitary rules include requirements not only for temperature conditions, but also for air quality in the office. Therefore, the ventilation equipment of an organization is one of the significant criteria for the comfort of workplaces.

Office service requires workers to remain in the building for a long time. Each employee has his own preferences and needs to improve productivity. Some prefer coolness, others are afraid of drafts and air conditioning.

To create a comfortable office microclimate, a set of measures is required to meet the standards:

• Temperature conditions;
• Air humidity level;
• Ventilation of air flows;
• Air circulation speeds;
• The presence of foreign particles (dust) in the air.

These standards are provided for by SanPin, as well as GOST 30494 96 regarding the microclimate parameters of residential and non-residential premises. A comfortable office microclimate in the warm season includes:

• Temperature range between twenty-two and twenty-five degrees;
• Air humidity thirty to sixty percent;
• The air flow speed is not higher than 0.25 meters per second.

For the cold season, the indicators change:

• Temperatures range from twenty to twenty-two degrees;
• Air humidity - from thirty to forty-five percent;
• Air movement is 0.1 - 0.15 meters per second.

Acceptable temperature differences are one to two degrees.

Moisture level is a necessary component of comfortable work for office workers. What humidity should be directly depends on the temperature conditions of the room. High humidity at normal temperatures does not have any effect negative impact on the human body. And dry warm air can cause diseases of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.

Light level

Office lighting is an important component that employers should not forget about. Low light levels lead to rapid eye fatigue and also reduce a person’s overall performance.

SanPin sets lighting standards for an average office containing computers at five hundred lux. Acceptable indoor lighting values ​​range from two hundred to three hundred lux.

What to do if there is not enough light? It will be necessary to install an additional light source at each workplace. When choosing light bulbs, preference should be given to energy-saving ones with “cool” white light. Such lamps do not heat up, which is important for the summer period.

Noise level

Background noise affects the productivity of office workers. The upper limit of the norm for such noise should not exceed fifty-five dB. Old computers, lamps, and conversations on the street produce noise.

New office equipment can cope with the problem of extraneous noise, metal-plastic windows, partitions with sound insulation.

Employer's liability

Providing comfortable conditions in the workplace is the responsibility of the employer, and not a gesture of his good will. Only by creating proper working conditions, the employer has the right to require employees to work according to the schedule. This rule is enshrined in Article 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. If the norms stipulated by sanitary rules are violated, the employer takes immediate measures to eliminate them.

An employee has the right to apply to the State Labor Inspectorate for the protection of his rights.

The sanitary and epidemiological service can inspect the enterprise upon a complaint from any worker. If violations are detected, a fine is imposed (from ten to twenty thousand rubles).

A person spends almost his entire conscious life at work. It is for this reason that the requirements that regulate the hygienic requirements of the microclimate in the premises where people work are natural. It is very important to comply with all these norms and rules in office-type premises, where a person uses primarily mental activity. And this type of work is characterized by relative physical inactivity. This leads to the fact that the negative consequences of an incorrect operating mode are further aggravated.

The legislation provides for a number of laws regarding the temperature regime in office-type premises, as well as the responsibility of the owner (employer) for their non-compliance and violation.

Temperature and microclimate has a very strong effect on a person’s performance and well-being. Reduced or increased air temperature, which has a long-term effect on a working person, not only negatively affects human health, but also greatly reduces the productivity of his work. People working in office premises, perform a wide variety of actions, most of which require being in one specific position for a long period. This is mainly a sedentary and sitting position:

1. Making decisions.
2. Communication with customers.
3. Paperwork.
4. Computer work and other similar professions.

Bodily inactivity and mental labor do not coexist very well with the uncomfortable air temperature in an office-type room.

After conducting many experiments, researchers found that even minor deviations in air temperature have such a strong impact on the efficiency of work in the office that if it is impossible to provide the required microclimate, it makes sense to shorten the working day.

It is very important to ensure appropriate temperature conditions in the office. This is the responsibility of the employer under the law, regardless of the level of subordination and form of ownership of the organization.

Optimum or comfort

Every person who works in an office wants to carry out their activities in conditions of maximum comfort. But this concept is highly subjective, as it is tied to the personal feelings of each individual. And these sensations, as you know, are different for everyone. What is an excellent option for one individual may simply not be acceptable for another. It is precisely because of this that regulations and office documentation does not use such a concept as “comfortable conditions”.

Instead of the subjective term “comfort”, a more specific and precise parameter “optimal conditions” is used in professional vocabulary. As for the optimal air temperature, this value is determined through complex calculations and physiological studies. When calculating, the average human needs are taken into account.

Requirements for optimal temperature conditions relate to legislation. This is recorded in certain regulatory documents.

SanPiN for the protection of human health

In a special code Russian Federation All standards have been collected. This code defines optimal health and hygiene standards for different areas human activity, including for employment. These documents relate to the technical and medical fields. At the same time, it is also legislative; it is for this reason that all these norms must be followed.

The abbreviation SanPiN stands for as follows - sanitary rules and regulations. A document that regulates the workplace optimal conditions called SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 and reads as follows: hygienic requirements for the microclimate in production premises. These SanPiN provide labor protection regulations for office employees and production workers. These SanPiNs were adopted within the framework of Federal Law No. 52 of March 30, 1999 “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.”

Compliance with SanPiN requirements by the employer is supported by articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation No. 209 and 212. They deal with liability in the event of an employer’s failure to comply with occupational safety and health rules, as well as timely implementation of rehabilitation, treatment and preventive, sanitary and other measures of a similar nature. Article No. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes that the employer must carry out a set of measures in order to ensure an optimal working microclimate.

What measures can be taken

The following options may be a solution to this problem:

1. Equipment for recreation in a special room.
2. Transfer of a worker to another workplace.
3. Earlier dismissal of workers from home.
4. Extra breaks.

If the employer refuses to comply with the requirements to ensure optimal performance, That he can be charged with two offenses at the same time.

1. Violation of sanitary norms and rules (room temperature standards do not correspond to standard indicators).
2. Ignoring labor legislation due to the fact that people work in inappropriate conditions.

If the boss in this situation is inactive and does not agree to provide employees with another workplace, then the time he was in unfavorable conditions is equivalent to a shift (daily working day) in duration. In other words, you can freely talk about overworking an employee on the initiative of the boss with all the ensuing financial and legal consequences.

Seasonal requirements for air temperature in office premises

In the warm and cold seasons, optimal indoor air temperature conditions are achieved different ways. Based on this, we can conclude that the requirements for the indoor microclimate will differ. Accordingly, the measures that are provided for by SanPiN, in the event that it is impossible to ensure the optimal temperature regime or it is violated, will also have differences.

So that it's not too hot

A long stay in a room where the air temperature is very high is especially detrimental to health and performance. In a closed working space, this heat and stuffiness can be aggravated by large crowds of people, the presence of working office equipment and compliance with a specially introduced dress code.

It is because of this that the legislation established optimal temperature values ​​and permissible maximum values ​​in the hot season. For office workers at air humidity of 40–60% they are 23–25 degrees. An increase in temperature up to 28 degrees is acceptable.

Exceeding air temperature in the office in summer

If inside the office the thermometer deviates from the optimal temperature by at least 2 degrees, then it becomes much more difficult to work. The employer will need to install air conditioning in the employee premises and ensure it Good work as well as timely service.

If suddenly for some reason this is not done, then the employee should not meekly endure the unbearable heat, while still trying to meet everyone professional requirements. SanPiN allow employees to rightfully shorten the standard eight-hour working day for which they were designed the following temperature requirements:

Many workers note Negative influence air conditioning on your health, which in terms of harm is compared to stuffiness and heat. According to the same requirements of SanPiN, together with humidity and temperature indicators, the speed of air movement in the room is limited, which should be in the range from 0.1 to 0.3 m/s. From these requirements of SanPiN it follows that an employee should not be under the flow of a blowing air conditioner.

Cold is the enemy of work

No work is possible in a cold room, especially in an office, when the body cannot warm itself by movement. There are categories of working professions in which a decrease in air temperature to 15 degrees is acceptable for a short time, but this does not apply to those people who work in an office.

Inside the office premises in cold weather, the temperature regime should be maintained in the range from 22 to 24 degrees. These values ​​may fluctuate, but not more than 2 degrees. For a short period of time, the thermometer column may deviate from permissible norm by a maximum of 4 degrees.

What to do if your office space is cold

Only if the air temperature does not drop below 20 degrees, the working personnel are required to remain at the workplace full time (8 hours). With each lower degree, the standard working time is reduced:

Temperature measurements and their features

Accuracy of temperature measurements must be maintained. This is due to the fact that each degree plays a special role in the duration of working hours.

If employees or the employer are unscrupulous, then there may be a temptation to underestimate or overestimate the true temperature readings. It is possible that an error may occur due to incorrect placement or faulty device, which you are taking measurements with.

To avoid complications with determining air temperature indicators, SanPiN is required to place the device at a distance of 1 meter above the floor level.

What responsibility does the employer have if he does not comply with the requirements of the office microclimate?

If for some reason the employer refuses to install an air conditioner (fan) in the summer and a heater in the winter, thereby maintaining the optimal temperature conditions at normal levels, then his subordinates should not tolerate this because they might get fired. You can contact the sanitary and epidemiological service. She will definitely come to your enterprise to check. If during the inspection the complaint is confirmed, then the management cannot avoid responsibility for failure to comply with the requirements of SanPiN.

And also for non-compliance with the requirements, the employer faces a fine of approximately 12 thousand rubles. If, after a repeated inspection, the same violations are revealed again, then its activities will be suspended for 3 months in accordance with Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Temperature in the workplace: sanitary standards and rules from 2016

From 01/01/2017 All employers and employees must comply with the new requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service, which are related to physical factors in the workplace. This was approved by the decree of the Chief Sanitary State Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2016, Order No. 81. The updated sanitary standards and rules define the impact on the human body and its activities of such indicators as:

Standards are usually called extremely permissible level this or that factor, as well as its impact on a person who is at the workplace for at least 8 hours, within acceptable limits. This exposure should not lead to deviations in health or diseases (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 clause 1.4).

Due to the fact that new sanitary requirements were introduced, some of the old ones ceased to apply in January 2017. One of these is SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 about “Electromagnetic fields in industrial conditions”.

Today the question is what should the temperature in the workplace be? sanitary rules is relevant for workers and employers.

Sanitary rules on air temperature in the workplace

Sanitary rules establish optimal temperature levels in the workplace. These indicators include:

1. Air speed.
2. Relative humidity.
3. Surface temperature.
4. Air temperature.

Normal sanitary indicators for cold and warm seasons are determined separately. The cold season is considered to be the period when the average daily outside air temperature reaches 10 degrees and below. If there is more than this value outside the window, then this can be considered a warm season.

Thermometer readings in an office space are slightly different in winter and summer. At any time a person needs heat balance with the environment.

In addition to all this, depending on a person’s energy consumption, different thermometer indicators are provided in different fields of activity.

Requirements for methods of measuring and organizing microclimate control in accordance with sanitary standards

Measurements of microclimatic indicators in order to monitor their compliance with sanitary standards should be carried out in the warm season- on those days when the outside air temperature differs from the maximum average temperature of the hottest month by no more than 5 degrees, and on cold days - when the difference from the coldest month is no more than 5 degrees. The frequency of such measurements is determined by the functioning of sanitary and technological equipment, as well as the stability of the production process.

When choosing the time and measurement sites, it is worth taking into account all factors that affect the microclimate of the workplace (functioning of heating and ventilation systems, phases technological process and others). It is worth measuring microclimatic indicators at least 3 times per shift. If indicators associated with technological and other reasons fluctuate, then additional measurements need to be taken at the lowest and highest values ​​of the thermal load on the employee.

Measurements should be taken at the workplace. If your place of work includes several production sites, then you should measure indicators at each separately.

If there is a source of local moisture release, cooling or heat generation ( open baths, heated units, gates, doorways, windows and others like them), then the indicators need to be measured at points that maximum and minimum distance from the thermal source of influence.

In those rooms where there is a high density of workplaces, but there are no sources of moisture release, cooling and heat release, the places where microclimatic indicators are measured, regarding movement speed and air humidity, should be evenly distributed over the area of ​​the room according to the following principle:

1. Room area up to 100 square meters - the number of measured areas is 4.
2. From 100 to 400 meters – 8.
3. Over 400 - the distance between sections should not be more than 10 meters.

During sedentary work movement speed and temperature indicators must be measured at heights of 0.1 and 1 meter from the floor, and relative air humidity - 1 meter from the working platform or floor. During standing work, movement speed and temperature are measured at heights of 1 and 1.5 meters, and relative humidity is measured at 1.5 meters.

If there is a radiant heat source, then at the workplace the thermal radiation is measured from each source, placing the device perpendicular to the incident flow. These measurements are carried out at heights of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 meters from the working platform or floor.

The temperature on surfaces is measured in cases where the place of work is no more than 2 meters away from them.

Relative humidity and air temperature in the presence of sources of air flow and thermal radiation in the workplace measured by aspiration psychrometers. If such sources are absent, then the relative humidity and temperature conditions of the air can be measured with psychrometers, which are not protected from the effects of movement speed and thermal radiation of the air. You can also use devices that separately measure humidity and air temperature.

The speed of air movement is measured by rotational anemometers (cup, vane and others). Small values ​​of air speed (less than 0.5 meters per second), especially if there are multidirectional flows, are measured by thermoelectric anemometers, as well as ball and cylindrical catathermometers, if they are protected from thermal radiation.

Temperature on surfaces measured by remote (pyrometers) or contact (electric thermometer) devices.

The intensity of thermal radiation is measured with devices that provide a sensor viewing angle as close as possible to a hemisphere (at least 160 degrees), sensitive in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum (radiometers, actinometers, and others).

The permissible error of measuring instruments and the measuring range must meet the following criteria:

Based on the results of the study, a protocol is drawn up, which reflects general information about the production facility, placement of sanitary and technological equipment, sources of moisture release, cooling, heat release; All diagrams for the placement of sites for measuring all necessary microclimate parameters and other data are provided.

Ultimately, at the end of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be evaluated in accordance with regulatory sanitary requirements.

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A modern office is a place of joint work for groups of people, and therefore increased requirements for hygiene and sanitation are imposed on such premises. Otherwise, diseases caused by infections, high overcrowding, lack of ventilation, normal lighting, etc. may spread among employees. To avoid such consequences and organize acceptable conditions, sanitary standards for office premises have been developed. They are regulated Labor Code RF, SanPiN, SNiP and many other legislative acts. The requirements for the sanitary condition of offices are numerous, so let us dwell in more detail on the main provisions.

Workplace. Sanitary rules and regulations in offices require strict set size workplace depending on the availability of equipment, employee health and other factors:

• if you have a PC and one LCD monitor - 4.5 sq.m (scanners, printers and other peripherals require additional space;
• in design bureaus, at least 6 sq.m. must be allocated per employee;
• 5.65 sq.m. are provided for disabled employees. m per person, and for wheelchair users - 7.65 sq. m.

A modern workplace should be equipped with a personal computer, stationery, an ergonomic chair or chair, as well as a table. If the specifics of the enterprise require it, it is necessary to install in the office premises additional equipment– photocopier, printers, scanners, etc. Cathode ray tube monitors today are being replaced by LCD or plasma ones, which do not have radiation harmful to the eyes.

Microclimate. Sanitary standards for work in the office require mandatory equipment office natural or forced ventilation for a constant supply of fresh air. In offices not exceeding 100 sq. meters, only vents and windows are allowed. In rooms of average and big size must be installed exhaust ventilation. The air temperature from the installed equipment is also taken into account - if it exceeds 26 degrees, then forced air exchange is necessary. Installed system ventilation should produce minimal noise, be easy to control and consume little electricity.

Employee hygiene. Any office space should have a restroom. Their number is calculated from the number of employees working at a time (one shift), as well as the presence of people with disabilities among them. So, if in a 3-story building there are less than 10 healthy person, then it is possible to install 1 toilet on all floors, but if there is a disabled person on staff, restrooms must be available on each level. Personal hygiene booths for women are usually larger than those for men due to physiological characteristics.

Sanitary standards and rules for office premises provide for the presence of natural and artificial lighting, which is optimal for work and does not cause visual fatigue. Lighting intensity is measured in lux (1 lumen/m2) and depends on the type of office building and its purpose:

• office general purpose— 200-300 Lux;
• large office with open plan – 400 Lux;
• office for drawing work – 500 Lux;
• conference room – 200 Lx.

The given data are established by Russian standards for office illumination, while European rules increase these indicators by approximately 200 Lux. Also great importance allocated to the placement of lamps. It is believed that the most optimal lighting is natural, therefore modern offices are provided big windows for daytime work, and powerful daylight sources for night shifts.