Rules of conduct in the event of a fire in the house. Fires from electrical appliances occur in case of network overload by powerful consumers, with improper installation or dilapidated electrical networks when using faulty electrical appliances or devices with open spirals and

The Main Directorate of EMERCOM of Russia for the Udmurt Republic reminds:

Basic rules of conduct in case of fire

• finding a fire, try to soberly assess the situation, your strength and find yourself helpers
• first of all call fire brigade(by phone 01, through neighbors, by means of an elevator or courier, by radio station of official cars: police, ambulance, emergency services etc.)
• in risky situations, do not waste time and energy on saving property
• The main thing is to save yourself and others in trouble in any way.
• take care of the salvation of children and the elderly; take them away from the place of fire, because explosions are possible gas cylinders, gas tanks and the rapid spread of fire
• it is imperative to send someone to meet the fire departments to give them necessary information(exact address, shortest access roads, what is on fire, are there people there)

If a person is on fire

• if your clothes are on fire, do not try to run - the flame will flare up even more
• try to quickly throw off burning clothes; you are lucky if there is any puddle or snowdrift nearby - dive there; if they are not there, fall to the ground and roll until you knock out the flames
• the last opportunity is to throw on any dense fabric (coat, blanket, etc.), while leaving your head open; do not try to remove clothing from burned areas of the body before seeking medical attention.

Help with burns

• first of all, put the burnt place under the stream cold water
• when the pain subsides, apply a clean, dry bandage; under no circumstances lubricate the burn with grease, alcohol, oil, or cream
• before the arrival of the doctor, give the victim any anesthetic, give it warm tea and cover it warmly; in case of shock, urgently give 20 drops of valerian tincture
• in case of serious burns, your help to the victim is to wrap him in a clean cloth and send him to the trauma center

If there is a fire in the entrance

• never enter the staircase, as the smoke is very toxic, and the hot air can burn the lungs
• first of all call "01"
• it is extremely dangerous to climb down ropes, sheets and downpipes; and even less should you jump out of windows
• compact your front door wet cloth to prevent smoke from entering the apartment
• the safest place is on the balcony or near the window; besides, here the firefighters will find you first of all; just dress warmly if it's cold outside and close behind you balcony door
• if you happen to find yourself in a smoky entrance, do not despair: move towards the exit, holding onto the walls (the railing often leads to a dead end)
• at the same time, hold your breath for as long as possible, and even better - protect your nose and mouth with a scarf or handkerchief;
• in no case use the elevator - it can be turned off at any time;
• and since fire and smoke spread from the bottom up, residents of the upper floors should be especially careful.

In case of fire on the balcony

• a fire on the balcony is dangerous because the fire can quickly spread to the upper floors or enter the apartment
• after reporting the fire to the fire brigade, try to cope with the flame using any available means; if possible - throw the burning object from the balcony - just make sure that there is no one below
• if it was not possible to extinguish the fire on your own, close the balcony door, window and wait for the arrival of firefighters on the street
• there are small children in your family - always keep the door to the balcony closed: children are very fond of letting down "flammable airplanes"
• in no case should combustible materials be stored on the balcony
• do not cut fire escapes and block passages to adjacent sections.

If the TV is on

• first of all, unplug the plug or de-energize the apartment through the electrical panel
• a burning TV emits a lot of toxic substances, so immediately get everyone out of the room, especially children and the elderly
• cover the tv any thick cloth to stop air supply; if this does not help, fill the TV with water through the hole in the back wall; while doing this, try to be on the side: the picture tube may explode
• if you cannot cope with the situation, leave the apartment and call the firefighters; just check if all windows and vents are closed, otherwise access fresh air will add strength to the fire.

Fire in the apartment

• 2/3 of the fires in our city occur in residential buildings and apartments; and most often due to careless handling of fire, especially when smoking "on a drunken head"; there are frequent fires from faulty or unattended electrical appliances
• if you or your neighbors have a fire, the main thing is to immediately call the fire department; it will arrive in a matter of minutes; and even if you don't have home phone- there are no hopeless situations: a distress signal can be sent from a window or balcony; those who are bedridden can make unusual noise (knock on the radiator or on the floor and walls, throw objects through the window or from the balcony, etc.)
• a lit household appliance must first be de-energized
• if possible, leave the apartment through the front door; it is very important not to forget to tightly close the door of the burning apartment behind you; this will prevent the fire from spreading throughout the apartment
• if the path to the front door is cut off by fire and smoke, escape through the balcony; be sure to close the balcony door behind you; you can go to the lower floor using the balcony hatch or to the neighbors on the adjoining balcony
• another way of salvation is through the window; seal the door to the room with rags or furniture; as soon as you are sure that your call for help is heard, lie down on the floor, where there is less smoke from the fire; thus, you can hold out for about half an hour

Fire safety rules in forests

The overwhelming majority of forest fires occur due to the careless handling of fire by people or their violation of fire safety requirements when working and resting in the forest. Statistics say that in 9 cases out of 10 - the culprit of forest fires is a person.

On weekends, the number of sunburns in the forest reaches 40% of their number per week; in a 10 km zone around settlements, the most visited by the population, occurs up to 93% of all sunburns.

The vast majority of forest fires arise from bonfires, which are laid out for heating, cooking, scaring off midges, and even just for the sake of pampering.

A lot of fires are caused by smokers throwing open matches and cigarette butts in the forest. Also, forest fires can arise from other reasons, for example, from smoldering rusty wad, unextinguished cigarette butts thrown out of the windows of trains, from sparks from engine exhaust pipes, etc. While in the forest, it must be remembered that there is a very real danger of forest fire from an insignificant source of fire, especially during dry, warm, windy times.

Natural factors, due to which a forest fire can start, are dry thunderstorms, spontaneous combustion of forest trash, etc.

If a fire is detected in the forest or near forest litter, litter, rags, felling remains, the main task is to prevent the fire from gaining strength and spreading. To do this, extinguish the fire, carefully inspect the burning site and make sure that there are no burning foci left. In cases where it is not possible to extinguish the fire on your own, it is necessary to report the fire to the forest protection authorities, local authorities or the police.

When extinguishing forest fires, the most common method is to overwhelm the fire at the edge of the fire. Green branches are used to overwhelm. Effectively throwing soil at the edge of the fire, cooling the burning materials and depriving them of air access.

During extinguishing, it is necessary to comply with fire safety rules and be firmly aware that in case of forest fires, when the crowns of trees are burning, the banks of reservoirs, large glades, deciduous forest without coniferous undergrowth can serve as a refuge. You should not seek refuge on roads and clearings surrounded by coniferous forest, especially young stands with low crowns, as well as in logs overgrown with forest.

Due to the fact that most forest fires are caused by fires not extinguished, it is better not to light them in dry, warm and windy weather. But if nevertheless the need arises, it is required to observe simple rules... Bonfires should be kindled in specially designated places. If there is no such place, then it can be prepared on sandy and pebble spits along the banks of rivers and lakes, on forest roads, in quarries, on old fireplaces, on lawns and glades covered with green grass. It is necessary around the fire, on a strip at least 0.5 m wide, to remove everything that can burn and cause the spread of fire. It is desirable that there is water near the fire, as well as branches to overwhelm the flame in case of burning propagation. Do not light a fire near trees, as from this they die or, at best, weaken or reduce growth, are populated by insect pests. Try not to light bonfires under the crowns of spruces, fir, cedars, which usually have drooping crowns, as well as in young coniferous stands, because needles - excellent combustible material... Avoid laying fires near hollow trees - they are fire hazardous. It is unacceptable to light fires in old clearings, burned areas, areas of damaged forest, i.e. in areas with a large amount of dry combustible materials. In these cases, even a small spark is enough to create a smoldering, unnoticed source of ignition nearby the fire. Burning wood on open areas always very strong. In dry weather and in the wind, burning branches, leaves, coals are transferred tens of meters.

When visiting the forest, you should stop smoking. But if you smoke, you need to know that it is dangerous, especially in coniferous plantations, where there is little green grass and last year's needles, lichens, grass, small twigs and other plant litter dry out during the day. Therefore, it is best to smoke in specially designated areas or areas suitable for making fires and smoking. You should not smoke in the forest on the go, because there is always a danger of a burning match or a cigarette butt being mechanically thrown aside, and as a result - a fire that the culprit may not even suspect about.

Discipline in the forest, conscientious behavior and strict adherence to simple fire safety rules will guarantee the preservation of forests from fires. This is in the best interest of each of us.

Dear guests and residents of the republic, the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in the Udmurt Republic reminds: when going into nature, observe the fire safety rules and remember, IN THE FIRE DANGEROUS SEASON IN THE FOREST IS NOT PERMISSIBLE:

• use an open fire
• use wads made from flammable or smoldering materials when hunting
• leave oiled or flammable cleaning material
• refuel engine tanks, use faulty cars, smoke or use open fire near cars fueled with fuel
• leave bottles or glass shards as they can work like incendiary lenses
• burn grass under trees, in forest glades, clearings, as well as stubble in fields, in the forest
• to make fires in young coniferous stands, on peat bogs, logging areas, in places with dry grass, under tree crowns, as well as in areas of damaged forest.

A few observations for those caught in a thunderstorm:

• the wind does not give the correct idea of ​​the direction of movement of the thunderstorm, thunderstorms often go against the wind
• the distance to a thunderstorm can be determined by the time between a flash of lightning and a thunderclap (1 sec. - 300-400 m, 2 sec. - 600-800 m, 3 sec. - 1000 m)
• just before the onset of a thunderstorm, calm usually sets in or the wind changes direction
• wet clothes and the body increase the risk of being struck by lightning
• it is dangerous to camp on bulging landforms
• it is preferable to hide in the forest among low trees, in the mountains 3-8 m from the high "finger" 10-15 m, on open area- in a dry hole, ditch
• sandy and stony soil is safer than clay
• signs increased danger are: hair stirring, the buzzing of metal objects, discharges on the sharp ends of equipment, the lights of "St. Elmo" on the masts of ships.

In a thunderstorm, it is prohibited:

• take refuge near lonely trees
• it is not recommended to lean against rocks and sheer walls when driving
• stop at the edge of the forest
• go and stop near bodies of water
• hide under a rocky canopy
• run and hustle
• move in a dense group
• be in wet clothes
• store metal objects in a tent.

How to behave in a thunderstorm:

If you are caught in a thunderstorm while in large city among high-rise buildings, you have little chance of being struck by lightning. most houses have lightning rods, which are more attractive objects for lightning due to the lower resistance. For example, a lightning strike near the Ostankino TV tower at a distance of its height is almost completely excluded.

If you find yourself outside the city, then in no case hide from the rain under a lonely tree. If you nevertheless find yourself on the field with such a tree, then you need to stand with your face or back to it, in which case, with a possible lightning strike into the tree, the potential difference between your legs will be minimal.

During a thunderstorm, it is dangerous to swim in the river. water is a good conductor of current. In a situation of an impending thunderstorm, and even more so during it, it is dangerous to walk with long objects under power lines, especially for graphite fishing rods, and for an electric shock, direct contact with the wire is not necessary - a "breakdown" can occur at a distance of 1- 2 m.

In case of a thunderstorm, it is advisable to get rid of metal objects; there are cases of lightning striking a bunch of keys in a pocket.

For a long time, fire has entered human life. It gives warmth and light, but with an irresponsible or frivolous attitude towards it, it can lead to extremely disastrous consequences.

A small flame, an open source of fire can cause a fire that causes human casualties, death of animals and plants, and causes material damage. Fire is understood as an uncontrolled and sudden combustion process that has unique characteristics depending on the situation and the place of its origin.

In order to escape from the fire trap with minimal losses, you should know the rules safe behavior in case of fire and confidently apply them in practice.

Common causes and characteristic signs of fire

For the combustion process to occur, 3 conditions must be met simultaneously:

1. There was. They can be sparked, open fire (candle, match, fire) and heat emanating from very hot objects.
2. A combustible environment assumes the presence of any materials, structures, materials that can burn even if the ignition source is removed.
3. Oxidizing agent, which in most cases is oxygen.

The most common causes of domestic fires include power surges, breakdowns or improper operation of electrical equipment, deliberate arson, and childish mischief with open fires.

Fire often occurs in traffic accidents. In such a situation, it can be accompanied by an explosion, strong smoke. In warm weather, forest fires are frequent, arising from the negligence of vacationers, as a result of spontaneous combustion or a lightning strike.

The fact that somewhere nearby there is a fire can be understood by the presence of a pungent smell from combustion products, as well as smoke. The fire itself is not always immediately visible.

Basement fire

If you find smoke that comes from the basement, do not try to get in there and start putting out the fire. The basement as well as the attic belongs to the management company. Call the dispatch service, as well as the single rescue phone number - 01.

If you live right above basement, then open the windows, notify the neighbors, and enter the street. Owners with apartments on higher floors can also open their windows.

Fire in educational institution

The first basic rule in any emergency is - to avoid panic. At the very beginning of the fire, it is quite possible to extinguish the flame yourself, but only after you have called the appropriate fire department.

Try to find all the children, count them and get them out of the building. The usual places where children in such situations try to hide are closets, a toilet, and they also crawl under the bed and table. Don't forget about the elderly, who will also need your help. should be carried out according to a pre-prepared plan, in an organized manner and without crowding.

Do not risk it, but if possible, take with you documents or other valuable documents, days, cards. After leaving the room, close the front door tightly, but do not close the lock. On the street, you should re-count all those saved and check with the list (if any).

Read about fire safety rules in educational institution.

Elevator: what to do and what is the plan of action in case of fire

If there is a fire in the elevator, then use the red button on the panel - "Call". After waiting for the dispatcher's response, tell him about the situation that has arisen.

Be sure to wait for the cab to stop and only then get out. It is recommended to lock the doors. If the device fails, and stops between floors, then by voice or knock, attract the attention of the residents. In case of strong smoke, sit on the floor, cover your mouth with a collar, scarf, glove, damp cloth. V shortest time you will be helped.

A great danger in the elevator car in case of fire is the lighting, which is represented by ordinary incandescent lamps. They give off a lot of heat, which can only make the situation worse.

Try to keep your head covered, protect your face, in the event of a lamp explosion, this will save you from debris.

They pose a great danger. They have a high propagation speed, occupy large areas and cause irreparable harm to green plantings. You can learn more about how to behave in the event of a forest fire here.

Traffic accidents are often accompanied by fire and explosion. Fires on the train are especially dangerous here. This is due to the large number of passengers, travel speed and the presence of coupled cars. You can read about what to do if a fire broke out in a passenger train in this article.

In order to avoid various accidents accompanied by the occurrence of fire, you should be more careful with sources of open fire, flammable liquids, gas and electrical equipment.

For more information about and your actions, read this article.

Fire in the car

Let's take a look at the actions if there was a fire in the car. As you know, the first rule is not to panic!

Now let's go in order:

• Stop the car immediately
• Put on the handbrake and turn off the engine
• Get out of the car and take a fire extinguisher
• Try to find where the smoke is coming from
• Call the fire department
• Start extinguishing yourself and try to use the help of passing car owners