How to make a chamfer in a hole. Device for chamfering and planing round and faceted workpieces. Features of different types of chamfers

Chamfer: what is it and why is it needed?

This is an edge obtained in a special way on the end surface of a metal sheet or on a pipe wall, beveled at a certain angle.

The main purpose - preparation of rolled metal for further welding work.

Why is chamfering necessary?

The processing of the ends of the sheet or pipe walls is needed for:

Good penetration and reliable connection of welding seams
Reduced welding time
Prevention of injuries of employees due to sharp corners of the product
Simplification of the forthcoming installation of the erected metal structure
In order not to carry out manual grinding of the edges of the edge of the sheet or pipe

If chamfering is not performed, then in products whose thickness exceeds 5 mm, the welding seam may disperse over time and the structure will lose strength.

Chamfering Angle

Chamfering Angle from the edge of the sheet or pipe is selected based on design features product or welding task. As a rule, the standard bevel angle for metal sheet profile is 45°, for pipes - 37.5°.

There are three ways to cut the edge from rolled metal:

Y-shaped way;
X-shaped;
J-shaped (another name is a "glass" chamfer);
Also, in the technical literature you can find other letter designation: V, K and U-Chamfer.

Peculiarities different types chamfer

The most common way of bevelling in production is the Y-shaped method and the X-shaped one.
For high-precision welding seam (for example, on products complex design) use a chamfer with a curved surface.
J-chamfers are made using special automatic bevelers. This method creates a larger weld pool than other methods.

Other types of edge cutting(butt type of connection with a broken edge) is not used so often in production.

Features of the chamfering process

For cutting edges on a metal product, special units are used - bevelers, differing in the cutting method into three types (air-flame, mechanical and oxy-fuel equipment).

The cutting process is as follows:

With the help of clamps, the beveler is attached to the edge of the sheet or inside metal pipe.
Next exhibited required angle sharpening.
When the machine is turned on, the cutting head is brought to the product and the chamfering process takes place.
After the end of the work, the cutter returns to its original position.
After cutting the bevel, working surface the product is considered prepared for further welding work.

When cutting a chamfer, a welding tank (bath) is formed, where the hot welding composition is collected. The edge with a chamfer has a certain bluntness of about 3-5 mm. When the container is filled with welding compound, the blunt area melts itself. Due to this, the desired tightness of the seam is achieved and additional reliability is created.

Edge cutting methods

Currently, two methods of edge removal are used in production: thermal and mechanical.

Mechanical chamfer is considered the highest quality, since this method is performed on special equipment - beveling machines (beveling machines), milling machines, bevelers and other devices. Advantages this method are as follows:

After chamfering, the product retains its structure and does not lose physical and chemical properties
The mechanical method provides high tightness and reliability of future welding seams
Saving time.

thermal method- air-plasma chamfer and gas-flame chamfer. Air-plasma cutting of edges allows you to get appearance chamfer close to the factory (or mechanical chamfer). However, it requires perfect smooth surface sheet or pipes at a certain angle. In many industries, this type of chamfering is the main one because of the economy and high speed of processing products. It is carried out on special plasma-cutting equipment.

Gas-plasma chamfer cutting does not require special conditions for implementation and is characterized by low cost. But the cut quality is lower than with mechanical way or air flame. Often such chamfering requires additional machining. This method is used for artisanal processing of used pipes. Using the thermal method of chamfering (gas-plasma and air-plasma chamfering), a section with changed physical and chemical properties(thermal influence zone). This negatively affects the tightness and reliability of future welds and the strength of the structure itself.

Mechanical chamfering preserves the properties of the product and does not affect the quality of future welding work. Mechanical chamfering is a kind of guarantor of the quality of processing metal products before welding work. The only disadvantage of this method is high price units and labor intensity.

You can find out the cost of mechanical bevelers by phone ☎

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Which parquet board is better with or without chamfer? What are the advantages of having a chamfer, what problems can it create for the owner of an apartment or house? How to chamfer when making parquet from solid wood with your own hands? Let's figure it out.

What it is

A chamfer is a beveled, rolled edge parquet board. They highlight the seam between adjacent boards, emphasize it, giving the surface a three-dimensional look.

Note!
Chamfers give a three-layer parquet board the look of a more expensive material - solid wood parquet.
This tendency to stylize cheap materials as expensive ones is in demand, because the building materials market, as you know, is formed by buyers.

According to the shape and depth, several types of chamfers are distinguished:

Microbevel (depth 0.5 - 1 mm);
V - shaped, about 2 mm deep;
Deep (from 3 mm) rolled, rounded;
Deep (from 3 mm) V - shaped;
Deep planed.

The chamfer can be two- and four-sided. In the first case, it is removed only on the side edges of the board, in the second - from all four sides.

Useful: double-sided chamfer highlights longitudinal seams.
They, in turn, visually lengthen the floor of the room, making it look like a corridor.
If in an already elongated room, the obvious instruction is to prefer a coating with seams highlighted on all four sides.

Pros and cons

Let's compare two types of parquet boards according to the main consumer characteristics.

It would seem that an objective comparison is not in favor of the board, which so rapidly pressed the competing solutions. Highlighted seams are conspicuous and, contrary to the claims of numerous sellers, accumulate dirt. Perhaps we are missing something?

Advantages

The main advantage of the material with a bevel in the eyes of buyers is, of course, its more attractive, solid appearance.

However, the list of dignity is not limited to them.

Fluctuations in the dimensions of the parquet board with increasing and decreasing humidity are absolutely inevitable. dry and warm air a room heated in winter causes the wood to dry out; since the strength of click locks is limited, the seams between adjacent boards always become visible sooner or later. However, when the seam diverges in a deliberately made recess, it does not catch the eye - the joint still looks presentable;

A chamfer is an edge obtained in a special way on the end surface of a metal product or on a pipe wall, beveled at a certain angle.

The main purpose - preparation of rolled metal for further welding work.

WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO CHAMBER?

Processing the ends of the sheet or pipe walls allows you to:

Get perfect penetration and reliable connection of welds
Reduce welding time
Prevent injuries to employees from sharp corners of the product
Simplify further installation of the erected metal structure
Do not carry out manual grinding of the edges of the edge of the sheet or pipe

If chamfering is not performed, then in products whose thickness exceeds 5 mm, the welding seam may disperse over time and the structure will lose strength.

CHAMFERING ANGLE

The angle of chamfering from the edge of a sheet or pipe is selected based on the design features of the product or the welding task. As a rule, the standard chamfer angle for metal sheet profiles is 45°, for pipes - 37.5°.

TYPES OF BEVEL

You can cut the edge from rolled metal in three ways, namely: in a Y-shaped way, X-shaped and J-shaped (another name is a "glass" chamfer).

Also, in the technical literature you can find another letter designation: V, K and U, respectively. The most common way of bevelling in production is the Y-shaped method and the X-shaped one. When high-precision welding is required (for example, on products of complex design), then a chamfer with a curved surface is used. The chamfering method is J-shaped, performed using special automatic chamfers. This method allows you to create a larger weld pool than other methods.

Other types of edge cutting (butt type of connection with a broken edge) are not used so often in production.

FEATURES OF THE CHAMFERING PROCESS

If it is required to perform edge cutting on a metal product, then special units are used - bevelers, which differ in the cutting method into three types (air-flame, mechanical and oxy-fuel equipment).

The cutting process is as follows: with the help of clamps, the beveler is attached to the edge of the sheet or the inside of the metal pipe. Next, the required sharpening angle is set. When the machine is turned on, the cutting head is brought to the product and the chamfering process takes place. After the end of the work, the cutter returns to its original position. After cutting the chamfer, the working surface of the product is considered prepared for further welding.

During chamfering, a so-called welding tank (bath) is formed in which the hot welding composition is collected. It should be understood that the chamfered edge has a certain bluntness, which is usually 3-5 mm. At the moment of filling the container with welding composition, the blunting area melts itself. Due to this, the desired tightness of the seam is achieved and additional reliability is created.

EDGE CUTTING METHODS

Currently, two methods of edge removal are used in production: thermal and mechanical.

Mechanical chamfering is considered the highest quality, since this method is performed on special equipment - chamfering machines, milling machines, bevelers and other devices. The advantages of this method are as follows:

After chamfering, the product retains its structure and does not lose its physical and chemical properties
The mechanical method provides high tightness and reliability of future welding seams
Saving time.

Mechanical chamferingis a kind of guarantor of the quality of processing metal products before welding. The only "minus" of this method is the high cost of the units and the laboriousness of the work.

Thermal method - air-plasma chamfer and gas-flame chamfer (using the Orbita unit). Air-plasma cutting of edges allows you to get the appearance of the chamfer close to the factory (or mechanical chamfer). However, it requires a perfectly smooth surface of the sheet or pipes at a certain angle. In many industries, this type of chamfering is the main one because of the economy and high speed of processing products. It is carried out on special plasma-cutting equipment.

Gas-plasma cutting of facets requires special conditions for execution and is therefore characterized by low cost. However, the quality of the resulting cutting is much lower than with a mechanical or air-flame method. In addition, in most cases, such chamfering requires additional machining. Basically, this method is used for artisanal processing of used pipes. In addition, using the thermal method of chamfering (gas-plasma and air-plasma chamfering), an area with changed physical and chemical properties (thermal influence zone) appears in a metal product due to overheating. This negatively affects the tightness and reliability of future welds and the strength of the structure itself.

Thus, mechanical chamfering is a more preferable method of processing the edge of rolled metal, since it is it that allows you to preserve the properties of the product and does not affect the quality of future welding work.

You can chamfer the board different ways. Two of them are most common: with the help of a manual and with an automatic tool. The negative side of the application hand tool(various planers) is considered a high degree of injury risk, as well as a catastrophically low pace of work. Of course, automatic and semi-automatic milling machines are ideal for solving the indicated goals.

On the website http://www.zaoportal.ru/product/view/111 you can purchase a professional chamfering machine. The main reason why home craftsmen avoid buying such equipment is the apparent difficulty in operation. In fact, setting up and using it for its intended purpose does not cause any difficulties even for a novice user.

Initially, it is important to choose the right type of cutter. There are several types of bevels. Choose the one that suits your needs specific task. Not always a suitable cutter is included with the cutter.

But it won't be hard to get one. Cutters of this kind are freely available in tool stores and cost a penny.

Preparing the router for work is as follows:

a hose from a vacuum cleaner is placed in the waste disposal socket;
the position of the cutter is adjusted;
the milling cutter is fixed in a given position;
horizontal guides are installed.

With the addition of a vacuum cleaner, work is much easier. When processing wood, there is practically no waste left.

Initially, the cutter height adjustment knob must be turned until a characteristic click is heard. The depth adjuster pulls out 3 mm downwards. Then he goes down on his head. Thus, we get the "zero" position of the cutter.

Now, by turning the height adjustment knob, you can quickly and without much difficulty change the position of the cutter by 5, 10 mm.

Router guides for correct chamfering should also be adjusted. This is achieved quite simply - it is only important to tighten the nuts on the guides to the point where the router will slide along the surface to be treated, as if on rails.