Sewage outlet to the roof. A sewer riser in a private house without access to the roof or with an entrance and whether it is needed at all. Check valve for drain pipe

In order for the drainage system to work properly, without causing inconvenience in the form of unpleasant odors, plumbing fixtures are equipped with siphons, and the sewerage system itself is equipped with a waste pipe. IN small houses You can do without this design, but sometimes it is still necessary. It is not difficult to equip a fan pipe, but you need to take into account all the requirements for it and the subtleties of installation.

This is a fairly simple device - a separate, usually straight, branch of the sewer pipeline, led vertically upward to the street and connecting the sewage system to the atmosphere.

In cottages with bathrooms on several floors, the drain pipe is a continuation of the riser, leading above the roof. In houses where the drainage system is located on one floor and does not have a riser, the drain pipe is taken out from one of the sides of the transition node connecting the internal network with the external one, or from the point where the largest number of branches are connected to the main line.

Note! The ideal shape of a vent pipe is a vertical straight line, but when installed inside a house, this vertical line will have to intersect the floors and roof, which is not always feasible. To simplify installation work you have to change the shape of the structure: make a 90-degree turn using 2-3 elbow fittings when passing through the wall and direct the pipe upward again.

Purpose of the drain pipe

The vent pipe serves for ventilation sewer network, that is, to remove gases formed in the pipeline and supply fresh air if necessary.

When moving and mixing sewage discharged into a sewage system, various volatile substances are released that have bad smell In addition, they are dangerous to health.

Installing sewer ventilation solves the problem of gas removal, preventing gases from accumulating in the pipeline.

Note! There is another, more important purpose of the drainage pipe - maintaining the pressure balance in the drainage system.

When flushing water from a bathtub, swimming pool, or using several sinks and toilets at the same time, residents pass a large volume of liquid through the pipeline at once. In this case, the volume of air in the system turns out to be critically small and a vacuum occurs - a decrease in pressure in the network.

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What are fan pipes?

Many people have heard from friends and acquaintances that it is necessary to create an installation diagram in a private home. This is due to high-quality ventilation of the toilet, bathroom, kitchen, and entire house, which can be built using a vent pipe.

What is a fan pipe, what can it be, how to install it?

The drain pipe is connected to the sewer system and is designed to perform a ventilation and water seal function with subsequent outlet to the roof. During operation of the sewer pipeline, gases accumulate in it. If you do not install a waterproof barrier, they will penetrate into the living space, which is dangerous for the lives of the inhabitants of the apartment. In addition, an unpleasant odor will spread throughout the house.

It can be of any length, shape, depending on the installation location and the size of the sewer line. This part of the exhaust system can be straight, angular, placed in horizontal, vertical directions.

To prevent unpleasant odors from entering your home, it is necessary to make a high-quality one. In such cases, it helps, for the manufacture of which plastic is most often used. However, elements of metallic origin were not completely replaced. Today, many people use cast iron in their homes, less often. Metal does not want to give up its positions.

Read with this article: How to bend and connect with your own hands. Review from “A” to “Z” of this product.

Possible schemes

Laying and replacing sewer risers does not allow mistakes in the process of planning and installing the system, otherwise the living space will be filled with an unpleasant odor. To prevent this from happening, in a private house you need to choose the right drain pipe design.

There are 2 installation schemes for exhaust systems:

1. Horizontal.
   According to this scheme, the outlet of the vent pipe must be carried out through a hole in the wall, and not through the roof. This scheme can be used in private construction if it is impossible to make an exit through the roof. The final outlet is covered by a grille rather than a deflector.
2. Vertical.
   With this design of the fan pipe in a private house, the riser goes out through the roof.

There are three types of vertical outlet of the riser to the atmosphere:

• output at an angle of 90⁰. It is necessary to make two branches from the riser, one after the other, at angles of 90⁰, after which it will come out vertically upward through the roof;
• output at a slope of 45⁰. To directly exit the riser through the roof, it is necessary to alternately make a branch from the main riser, first at 45 degrees, and then at 135 degrees;
• the usual vertical type outlet, which will immediately continue to the roof and exit through it to the outside.

Important! The ventilation installation scheme in a private house must be correct, that is, in accordance with the appropriate diameter and in the right place, it must be possible to anticipate the presence of a backflow blocking the overflow of feces.

Use of cast iron elements

For several decades, the installation of exhaust ducts took place using cast iron risers. Today, cast iron fan pipes are becoming increasingly rare. But in vain, because using risers made of this material you can be sure of the quality of exhaust and ventilation ducts. have a number of advantages.

They differ:

• strength. The rigidity and density of the alloy contribute to safe operation, which can be purchased at hardware store. They are used in the construction of private, multi-storey buildings;
• long service life. This is due to high wear resistance, which helps maintain excellent technical characteristics for many years;
• resistance to mechanical impacts. They are not afraid of accidental impacts, damage, or heavy loads.

Minuses:

• tendency to corrosion processes;
• difficulty of transportation;
• heavy weight;
• high price.

When repairing or replacing old cast iron risers, it is necessary to dismantle current system. It is not easy to do this if the sewer or exhaust line is located in hard to reach place. How to disassemble the fan cast iron pipe behind the toilet? It is difficult to carry out this procedure if tow with cement, aluminum or sulfur were used to connect the risers.

First you need to dismantle the parts that are located further from the riser. To do this, you should stock up on a chisel or a hammer with a plastic or rubber head. When you hit the chisel with an iron hammer, pieces of metal sharply bounce off the pipe and can fall into the riser, since cast iron is a very brittle alloy.

Having done everything preparatory work, start removing the cast iron drain or sewer riser:

1. After destroying this element of the system, gradually approach the crosspiece, leaving 30-35 cm of an almost broken part.
2. Using the remaining piece, gently loosen it. If this does not help, then use a chisel to start removing the packing, loosen it again, and then remove the remaining fragment.
3. If the system is condensed with sulfur, then it is necessary to take blowtorch or gas burner and start heating the packing. Before doing this, you need to cover the furniture and walls with a screen so as not to damage them. Preferably this work should be done by two people, since one must remove the heated viscous sulfur.
4. After removing a certain amount of the heated mass, remove the remainder of the unnecessary part of the part.

An option is possible when you can use a grinder to cut off the rest of the line right up to the socket. This procedure will ensure not only a neat cut, but also a quick, convenient joining of the new one to the old cast iron riser.

Important! The cast iron fan pipe can be used in any extreme situations. This means that such a system will function normally under conditions of a wide temperature range at elevated pressure.

Work with cast iron sewer or sewer pipes, including drilling them, must be carried out with the utmost care. This is due to the increased fragility of the metal.

Over a long period of operation, as a result of corrosion processes, cast iron sewer risers become unattractive. Therefore, they need to be refreshed. cast iron pipe in the toilet?

For painting use acrylic, water-dispersion paint. The shade can be very diverse.

Some owners refresh cast iron risers oil paints. Before painting you need to get rid of rust, old peeling paint, unnecessary garbage, dirt. Only after such preparation can you begin painting. A painted, restored sewer line will last for many more years.

Application of plastic structures

In private homes, when installing systems for removing air and various types of odors, they mainly use plastic vent pipes. They can be round or .

Risers used as fan risers are produced different sizes. When installing an exhaust or supply ventilation Fan plastic pipes with a diameter of 50 to 110 mm and a length of 3-4 meters are in demand.

If the plastic fan pipe in the ceiling is cracked, it needs to be replaced. Repairing this part of the exhaust or ventilation line will not bring the desired result.

When carrying out this procedure, you should adhere to the sequence of work:

• using a hammer drill around the riser, expand the diameter of the hole (at least 2 times);
• use a grinder to cut the cracked element of the system approximately in the middle of the height so that it is convenient to remove both pieces;
• remove the cracked parts and put a new riser in their place;
• seal the hole around the installed element exhaust ventilation both from below in the ceiling and in the upper plane of the ceiling.

It must be said about the presence of flexible plastic fan pipes. To connect them to a solid part of the system, it is recommended to use rubber rings for sealing. For better fit into the socket and complete tightness, they must be coated with silicone before installation. When attaching such a section to the wall, metal clamps are used, which are characterized by increased reliability.

Important! Although silicone is an ideal substance for high-quality sealing, it should be remembered that the next time you dismantle it, you will have to put in a lot of effort to remove it.

Today, plastic risers can be purchased at any hardware store or store.

Dimensions

There is no separate part called a fan pipe, regardless of size.

This design includes:

• regular tee;
• lid or grill;
• one or more pipes;
• safety valve.

The dimensions of drainage pipes for sewerage, as well as for toilets, depend on the specific conditions of their operation.

The following rules must be followed:

• You can use parts from any materials;
• The size of the pipes for the exhaust riser, including the length, may vary.

Today, the most popular are plastic fan pipes with diameters from 110 to 50 mm, regardless of other linear dimensions (length).

Using a 110x45 ani plast w4220 drain pipe, which can be of different sizes, it is convenient to connect the sewerage system to the toilet outlet. Such a detail will seem to glue the toilet bowl to the sewer riser, which will ensure that there are no leaks in the bathroom. The size of the toilet drain pipe depends on the diameters of the drain, sewer riser, and the distance of these elements to the wall or ceiling.

The diameter of the part must be such that the maximum possible sewer flows do not interfere with its normal functioning. Sometimes ventilation and sewage systems are constructed from risers of different diameters. Then you need to use a special adapter.

There is a catalog where you can select the necessary parameters of parts for arranging an exhaust system.

Important! Perfect option placement of the exhaust riser - the place where the internal and external sewers are connected.

Fan pipe ventilation

Current building codes state that one-story houses It is not necessary to install ventilation, since in such dwellings the one-time drains are small. Buildings with two or more floors must be equipped with such systems. This is due to the fact that with the help of such risers communication with environment, which means ventilation processes occur.

Many people ask: “Can the waste pipe be vented? And if so, how to connect the vent pipe to the ventilation?” We will give detailed answers to these and other questions.

When installing a vent pipe, it can and simply must be vented, which is most often done. To carry out this procedure, you must first build a ventilation duct.

It is necessary to anticipate the installation of a check valve.

Its purpose:

• prevents the return of drain flows;
• prevents rodents from entering the sewer and into the premises;
• corrects a sewer pipeline with an incorrectly installed slope;
• limits the entry of mechanical impurities into the toilet.

The principle of operation of the device is simple: after cistern water comes out, it is triggered and the liquid enters the sewer system. With the valve closed, from the toilet and sewer unpleasant odors do not spread throughout the rooms, since the device is completely sealed.

Important! Install a check valve immediately after the toilet.

Although everyone is trying to install the exhaust system correctly, you can still smell an unpleasant odor from the exhaust system in our houses and apartments. sewer system.

Sometimes odors from the exhaust pipe are blown into the ventilation, since these two channels are located next to each other. To get rid of unpleasant odors, you need to install an aerator at the upper end of the riser. Thanks to this vacuum valve, the system will function perfectly.

Output to the roof

Not everyone knows how to ventilate the roof. This must be done, since the ventilation system in the attic cannot end. The drainage pipe must have access to the roof so that there is a connection with the street and the atmosphere. If the sewer is led to the attic, then all the unpleasant odors will be concentrated there. When the hood does not reach the roof, it is due to increased humidity in attic Mold will begin to appear, which will cause a lot of harm to the entire home. The vent pipe is mounted as on the roof multi-storey building, and one-story.

What to do when the drain pipe on the roof freezes? To prevent it from freezing on the roof, it is necessary to provide insulation around it. The cause of freezing is the formation of condensation, since warm air has the ability to rise up. The result is freezing of the walls with ice, which can lead to the blocking of the exhaust lumen and the cessation of the functioning of the entire system.

The risers are insulated with rolled heat insulators or “shells”, which should be securely fastened.

In some cases, it is impossible to carry out the drainage pipe to the roof. This is not a problem, since you can use a horizontal mounting scheme for the exhaust system. The end of the ventilation system will not be located on the roof, but will be vented through the wall into the air.

You can buy a roof vent pipe at a construction supermarket.

Important! Regardless of how the drain pipe is routed - onto the roof or through the wall, the system requires a check valve.

In order for ventilation systems to function for a long time and efficiently, when laying pipelines, you must adhere to the above-mentioned norms and rules. Only then will your home not be filled with unpleasant odors, but will constantly feel the flow of fresh air.

About ventilation of concrete septic tanks

For sewerage on their territory, each owner tries to make a two-chamber concrete septic tank. These containers must be ventilated not only to eliminate unpleasant odors. If you design and make it correctly ventilation system in a septic tank, then by doing this you will make the stay of your family and residents of neighboring houses safe, comfortable, and enjoyable. You need to take care not only of yourself, but also respect your neighbors.

Such a structure is a habitat for bacteria that can quickly process organic waste coming from the sewer system. As a result, dirty wastewater turns into clean water and il. This biological-chemical process is accompanied by the release of a large amount of gas, which not only smells unpleasant, but can cause an explosion if a spark hits it. Conclusion: high-quality ventilation of a two-chamber concrete septic tank without a drain pipe it is impossible. For the full functioning of a conventional septic tank, it is also necessary to provide ventilation.

Video

Creation quality system sewerage in a private house eliminates problems with unpleasant odors that accompany the operation of sanitary equipment. Therefore, the installed sewer riser in a private house will be an integral element of the household network.

Functional Features

When a large volume of water is suddenly drained into a pipeline of small cross-section, pipe destruction and water hammer often occur. Therefore, a sewer pipe in a private house is an integral element of the internal utility networks. Due to its use, the sewage system in a private house has an additional air flow, and in addition, the design eliminates pressure drops.

An apartment building without a drain pipe can only function with the installation of a shower stall, where water consumption is low. A standard bathroom refers to peak flow rates; during the discharge of wastewater from a sanitary fixture, the cross-section of the pipes is maximally filled, and the influx of fresh air becomes minimal.

A similar situation in houses without a drain pipe provokes flooding of the first floors of the building at the time of massive drainage of water. Installing an additional structure will extend life cycle sewer riser, especially plastic, and will also smooth out the work of home ventilation in sewer pipes.

Many craftsmen advise narrowing the diameter of the pipeline, citing the lack of costs in the attic of the house. Regulations, as well as experience in operating utility networks in the private sector and apartment buildings forces one to abandon such manipulations.

Sewage pipelines from the sanitary unit where the toilet is installed are dictating. The toilet drain pipe has a cross-section of 110 mm, a riser domestic sewerage must match its size or be larger. If there are two toilets and two bathtubs installed on the riser, it is necessary to carry out a hydraulic calculation bandwidth boner

Structural layout diagrams

Modern solutions sewer network based polymer pipes, can significantly extend the service life of the system and simplify installation work. Sewage in a private house without a drain pipe remains quite functional, especially in houses with a small number of appliances and people, the standard system copes with the flow of wastewater.

An unpleasant odor appears at moments heavy load, when most of the devices are triggered at one moment. In such situations, many owners install additional aerators - ventilation valves, they compensate for the lack of air in the system. Installation of such equipment occurs at a level of 1–2.5 meters from the finished floor level.

The installed fan complex will provide a number of advantages:

• Working and independent for removing odors from risers.
• Creating a high-quality restriction of water flow, with normalization of air pressure inside.
• Providing functionality for several bathrooms located on different levels in a private house.

Such points will allow the construction of the required riser, taking into account high-quality ventilation and ensuring long-lasting functionality. The resulting sewage system will allow for the use of several full bathrooms.

This is relevant when a private house has independent and multi-level outlet placement options Wastewater. There is only one way out in this situation - the craftsmen can install the system with one vent riser, the exhaust part of which will be combined. But the diameter of such a pipeline must correspond to the cross-section of the working riser or be 50 mm larger.

Pipe materials

A sewer pipe for a sewer system in a private house with a height of two, three or four floors is a decisive factor; in its absence, the hydraulic valves of the upper sanitary fixtures must be calculated for additional load. In this calculation, it is necessary to take into account the second flow rate from the devices, the cross-section of the pipeline, local resistance and pipe material.

Depending on the temperature of the discharged water, as well as the requirements for the working strength of pipelines, specialists select and install the following pipes:

• Plastic, modern polymer or metal-plastic for the installation of gravity lines.
• Plastic, metal-plastic pipes low noise series for pressure pipelines.

Design solutions for installing and venting pipes to the roof

When designing a house or carrying out reconstruction, it is important to choose the correct location of the system and individual sewerage units. Only in this case will the sewer outlet in a private house function, regardless of the weather outside the window.

If we are talking about a large temperature difference between inside and outside the building, especially when the house is in use all year round, and the climate has a long period of negative temperatures, then the craftsmen install the unit inside the building or connect electric heating.

Installation should be carried out inside the building, leading the riser above the level roofing. This will eliminate problems with freezing and provide a reason to provide the necessary functionality, regardless of weather conditions. In this case, the sewerage system will meet a number of regulatory requirements:

• Removal of unpleasant odor.
• Condensation and freezing of pipes are excluded.
• Full functionality without water hammer during peak flow times.

In a situation where home owners do not have the necessary free space to install a fan unit indoors, experts advise installing the unit to external wall, sew up the structure, insulate mineral wool. An additional heat source in this design is a heat cable.

Functional sewerage system without sewerage units

Sewage in a private house without a drain pipe is carried out in one-story buildings with a usable basement, but the installation of a toilet and bathtub takes place only on the first floor, not far from the riser and discharge into the external sewer network.

In this case, the consumption of a washbasin or house cleaning system is not dictating; such an amount of wastewater from sanitary appliances occurs irregularly and is not capable of affecting the operation of the system.

A private home is often equipped with grease traps; the equipment reduces the concentration of fats and organics in wastewater. Installation of such equipment requires regular flushing of pipes hot water. Air valves will help compensate for the lack of oxygen.

The valve output is connected to main pipeline from the car wash fittings, the difference in elevations protects the equipment from flooding during flushing of the pipeline.

An important component of the sewerage system in country house- fan pipe. Essentially this is an exhaust ventilation tube, built in sewer riser and discharged through the roof, thereby connecting the riser with the atmosphere (outside air). The vent pipe has several functions. Firstly, it prevents the rarefaction of gas formations in the riser after wastewater passes through it. Vacuum is the reason why water leaves sinks or toilets with a characteristic squelching sound.

Why do you need a vent pipe?

The use of a vent pipe avoids this problem.

Secondly, such a pipe removes unpleasant odors from sewage discharged into the atmosphere from the riser, preventing indoor air pollution. It must be said that, as a rule, a water seal is provided in the wastewater receiver from a plumbing fixture (more rarely, a dry seal).

This curved pipe filled with water: when draining occurs, some of the water remains in the lower bend of the pipe, blocking the access of air from the sewer to the room. In other words, the water seal serves as a barrier to unpleasant odors. However, if the plumbing fixture is not used for a long time, the water from the seal gradually evaporates, and then odors can easily penetrate into the room.

But when the sewerage system is equipped with a drain pipe, this will not happen even if the water seals are dry. In addition, water seals can break at moments of maximum water removal. The fan pipe prevents such breakdowns.

What is a fan pipe and what is it made of?

Fan pipes are elements of the sewerage system, and therefore, like other sewer pipes and fittings (tees, corner bends, etc.), they are most often made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

However, multilayer polypropylene (PP) pipes are available on the market, which provide more high level soundproofing. The propagation of airborne noise by them is reduced due to the use of material with noise-absorbing additives for their manufacture, increasing the mass of the pipe walls, as well as optimizing the design of corner bends.

Diameter and dimensions of drain pipes for a private home

As a rule, faucet pipes have a diameter of 100 mm, which is determined by the diameter of the sewer pipes supplied to toilets and bidets - 100 mm (which, in turn, is dictated by the hundred-millimeter diameter of the sockets of these plumbing fixtures).

However, in some cases, fan pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are sufficient. Their number and diameter are determined on the basis of engineering calculations, taking into account, first of all, the number of devices connected to the sewer riser.

Most often, one drain pipe is capable of serving two or three bathrooms (with a washbasin, shower and toilet) connected to one riser.

In this case, the maximum load on it will be at the moment when several toilets are flushed simultaneously. In cottages with a large area (usually over 400 m2), bathrooms are often located at different ends of the building.

Then several sewer risers are provided, supplementing each with a drain pipe (moreover, do not forget that all pipes are discharged through the roof).

Installation of a drain pipe

Fan pipes are installed during the installation of the sewerage system. The pipeline can consist of both vertical and horizontal sections. Moreover, it is advisable to make turns at an angle of 45″. The pipes are connected into a socket mechanically.

Each docking point is equipped with rubber compressor, ensuring the tightness of the riser. The pipes are secured to the walls with clamps with vibration-isolating gaskets; their standard spacing is 70 cm.

In the case of stone houses, the pipes are routed through reinforced concrete floors using sleeves (cases) made of rigid non-flammable material (usually from pieces steel pipes). As a rule, sleeves are laid when constructing floors.

The sleeve protects the pipe from damage due to settlement of the building or thermal deformation of the pipe itself.

And therefore, the inner diameter of the sleeve must be greater than the outer diameter of the pipe (for example, a 100-millimeter pipe has a socket diameter of 110 mm, which means the diameter of the sleeve for it should be 120 mm).

The gap between the sleeve and the pipe is usually sealed with a soft, waterproof material that allows some movement of the pipe along the longitudinal axis. For example, oiled or bitumen-impregnated rope, silicone sealant, polyurethane foam etc.

The pipe exit through the roof is carried out in different ways. This can be done using a specialized roofing passage element (universal or designed for a specific roofing material).

Often a chimney is provided, inside which a fan pipe and exhaust pipes from the bathrooms or kitchen.

It is unacceptable to combine a fan pipe and a supply ventilation pipe in one channel. In addition, the drain pipe must be at least 50 cm away from dormer window so that unpleasant odors do not enter the living space when the window is open for ventilation.

When it is not possible to install a drain pipe, it can be replaced with a special ventilation (air) valve (usually 15-20 cm high) mounted in the upper part of the sewer riser.

Installation of a drain pipe in a private house - photo

Installation of a drain pipe:
1. Fan pipe. 2. Sewer pipes. 3. Septic tank

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For the sewer system to function properly, it must communicate with the atmosphere. Owners of private housing who independently install the engineering systems of their home need to know what functions the sewer riser performs. Let's figure out what kind of device this is and how to install it correctly.

Many owners undertake to build the water supply and sewerage system of their home themselves. To do this, you must first study the theory. One of mandatory elements system is the fan riser. Not everyone understands the purpose of this element and often underestimates its importance. Let's figure out what a fan riser is, why it is needed and how the installation proceeds.

Purpose

An integral element internal system drainage system connecting the wastewater disposal system to the atmosphere is a fan riser. The main function of the element is to equalize the pressure inside the system and maintain water seals in plumbing items.

Advice! A water seal is a flexible drain in the form of a loop, installed after the drain hole of plumbing items. At the bottom of the bend there is always water, which acts as a “plug” that prevents sewer gases from entering the room.

If there is no drain riser, then at the time of discharge of a large volume of wastewater (for example, when using a flush in the toilet) in the water seals of plumbing fixtures installed in the neighborhood, they can be torn off.

After this, unpleasant odors will appear in the bathroom or kitchen coming from the sewer system. Thus, this is a kind of ventilation for sewerage; it performs two functions at once:

• removal of sewer gases harmful to health into the atmosphere;
• maintaining normal atmospheric pressure inside the pipeline, preventing the occurrence of vacuum and removing water seals.

Is it always necessary?

When constructing a drainage system for an individual house, installing a drain riser is not always necessary. So, during construction one-story house, equipped with a single bathroom, you can do without this element. But in the following cases you won’t be able to do without a fan riser:

• the house has more than one floor, each floor has a bathroom;
• the sewer riser has a diameter of 50 mm;
• an object is connected to the sewerage system, the maintenance of which requires a large number of water, for example, a swimming pool;
• A sealed system is used with the installation of an underground septic tank.

Device

Let's figure out how to plan the design and installation of a fan riser. Installation should be planned during the design phase internal sewerage. It is desirable that the diagram be as simple as possible; it should have a minimum number of corners and bends.

The ideal position of the vent pipe is vertical, the pipe is discharged through the ceilings and roof. However, in practice, sometimes it is not possible to maintain a perfectly vertical shape; it is often necessary to attach additional elements.

For example, it is not always possible to connect all outlets from plumbing fixtures to one riser. Sometimes it is necessary to install an additional riser, which can be connected to a common waste pipe.

It is possible to install one vent pipe at an equal distance from two risers and connect them to this air duct. This connection method allows you to evenly distribute the pressure in the system. One of the rules for creating a fan riser is correct selection diameter It must match the diameter of the main riser.

Advice! It is not allowed to combine the ventilation of the sewerage system with the chimney or ventilation system of the house.

Material selection

Since the sewer riser is a continuation of the sewer system, it makes sense to make it from the same material as the sewer riser itself. However, if necessary, it is also possible to use a combination of materials, although experts argue that the efficiency of such a heterogeneous system will be lower.

What types of pipes are used? In most cases, cast iron or plastic is used.

• Cast iron. This is a durable and strong option, but it has significant shortcomings. The most significant disadvantage is the significant weight of the structure, which significantly complicates their installation.
• Plastic. Nowadays, plastic pipes are used in most cases. They are lightweight, durable, strong, and are resistant to corrosion processes.

The choice of pipe diameter depends on the characteristics of the system. In most cases, in private houses, a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is used to assemble the riser.

Installation features

The installation of a fan riser is not particularly difficult. Intensive removal of gases from the system is facilitated by temperature changes, since the initial section of the sewer system is located in a heated room, and the drain pipe is located on the street.

The main part of the fan riser is vertical section, you need to take care to securely fix the pipe. It is attached to the walls using metal clamps. Most difficult moment- this is the removal of the element through the roof.

Exiting the pipe into the attic is unacceptable, and placing the outlet under the roof overhang is irrational, since the structure may be damaged when snow falls from the roof. For the system to work effectively, the following rules must be observed:

• sections of the sewerage pipeline laid horizontally must be located at a slope of 0.02% towards the riser;
• it is prohibited to change the direction of the riser above the level of connection of the extreme outlet from the plumbing equipment;
• when connecting some pipeline branches, it is necessary to use bends with an inclination angle of 135 and 45 degrees;
• The height of the pipe above the roof depends on the roof structure. If this is an unused flat roof, then the height should be at least 30 cm. pitched roof the pipe should rise half a meter or higher. If the fan riser is discharged through the operated flat roof, then you will need to use a pipe with a height of at least three meters;

• if several pipes are installed on the roof (chimney, ventilation, etc.), then you need to ensure that the vent riser is higher than all the others. Otherwise, unpleasant odors may enter the house;
• the outlet of the waste pipe should be located away from the windows, the minimum distance is 4 meters;
• You should not install visors or other decorations on the fan riser. These parts will interfere with the movement of air, in addition, this will contribute to the accumulation of condensation, which will lead to the formation of a layer of ice and a decrease in the diameter of the passage. To prevent birds or debris from entering the system, simply cover the top of the pipe with a grill.

Insulation and sound insulation

Let's figure out whether it is necessary to insulate the fan pipe and use sound insulation. There is no point in insulating a riser passing through living quarters. But the part that runs through the cold attic and above the roof must be insulated. Otherwise, ice will form inside in the cold.

But sound insulation, on the contrary, is necessary in residential premises. Previously, no one thought about sound insulation of fan pipes, since the sound insulation properties of cast iron are much better than those of plastic.

Nowadays, when cast iron elements of the sewerage system are practically not used, it is worth using sound insulation to increase the comfort of living. IN plastic pipes Various types of noise arise:

• Shock. Noise occurs when water flows hit the walls of pipes.
• Atmospheric. Sounds are created by air flows entering the system.
• Resonant. Noise occurs when the sewerage pipeline interacts with the walls, floors and other structures of the building.
• Vibrating. This type of sound occurs if the pipe comes into contact with any operating equipment (most often, pumps).

High-quality sound insulation can be achieved if you start building engineering systems at the house design stage. Then the installation of risers is carried out in specially created shafts, which will restrain the spread of sounds.

In the event that the pipe is laid openly through living quarters, sound insulation is carried out by wrapping it with foamed polyethylene material in two or three layers.

Alternative

In a small private house, you don’t have to install a drain pipe; its function will be performed by vacuum valve. Let's figure out what kind of device this is and how it can be installed. The functions of the vacuum valve are the same as those of the drain pipe, that is, it prevents vacuum from occurring in the pipe and makes it impossible for unpleasant odors to enter the house.

Installing a vacuum valve in a private home is a complete replacement for a drain pipe, and its installation will cost much less.

Advice! It is important to distinguish between the functions of a check valve and a vacuum valve. They differ both in execution and purpose. Check valve prevents reverse flow of liquid, and vacuum ensures pressure balance.

The vacuum valve operates due to the difference in pressure inside the system and outside. When a vacuum occurs, the valve opens and allows air to flow into the system. After equalizing the pressure in the system, the vacuum valve membrane returns to its place. However, this device also has significant disadvantages, namely:

• sticking of the membrane if the valve does not operate for a long time, that is, this option is not suitable for houses with periodic residence;
• membrane wear due to frequent opening and prolonged use.

From the above we can conclude that the vacuum valve needs to be changed periodically. However, this device is inexpensive, and replacing it is not a difficult task.

So, installing a sewer riser in a private house is mandatory if the house has two or more floors and there is a bathroom on each floor. IN small house Instead of a drain pipe, you can install a vacuum valve. You can design and build a fan riser yourself, but if difficulties arise, it is better to entrust the work to specialists. Only after the installation of the drain pipe is completed, the work on assembling the internal sewerage system can be considered complete.