How to independently prepare walls for decorative plaster. Surface preparation for decorative plaster: a step-by-step process of preparing walls, tools for work Preparing a wall for decorative coating

Preparing walls for plastering is an intermediate procedure between leveling the walls and applying a decorative layer. This stage is considered one of the most important, since the future depends on the quality of the work. appearance surfaces, their service life, as well as strength and resistance to moisture, temperature extremes, and so on. Most decorative plasters do not require a perfect smooth walls, but their surface must be clean.

It should be noted right away that preparing walls for decorative plastering is practically no different from preparing for painting or wallpapering. With the clarification that such a plastic material as decorative plaster can smooth out some irregularities and close cracks or small potholes. Before you start preparing the surface for plastering, you need to stock up on the necessary tools and materials.

Preparing walls for decorative plastering requires the following tools and Supplies:

• spatulas;
• building level and plumb line;
• sandpaper, sander with polishing and cutting wheels;
• paint brush;
• drill with impact function (the hammer drill is too heavy and powerful for this work);
• plastic wrap, masking tape or tape;
• sponges and rags;
• screwdrivers;
• mixer nozzle;
• mixing container;
• putty;
• solvent;
• primer.

A spray bottle may also be required. If the walls were previously covered with wallpaper, then they may have to be soaked with this product.

How preparatory work is carried out

It should be said right away that these works should be carried out one of the last. That is, at the time of their start, double-glazed windows must be installed in the apartment and door frames, flooring stowed and ready to use. In general, all work has been completed that can be directly or indirectly displayed on the surfaces of the walls.

Preparing walls for decorative plastering includes the following steps:

• The first step is to remove the remnants of the old coating, such as wallpaper, paint or putty. The wallpaper is removed with a spatula after preliminary soaking, the paint is washed off with a solvent, and the putty is beaten off hammer drill... Then remove all fasteners from the wall. Self-tapping screws and dowels are removed with a screwdriver, nails - with a nail puller. Also, after removing the old coating, reinforcement elements may appear, they must be cut off with a grinder.

• After that, you should tap the wall with a hammer to reveal weak spots... If potholes and cracks appear, then they are sealed with putty. If they are deep and wide, then their embedding is carried out in several stages.
• The next step is to apply a primer with strengthening properties, after which you need to wait about 4 hours for it to dry. When it comes to bathrooms, kitchens or other areas with high humidity, you need to treat them with a special antifungal agent and wait again for about 4 hours.

• After the primer has dried, they begin to putty the surface. This procedure is carried out using wide and narrow spatulas. After applying the putty, it is necessary to check the evenness of the surface with a building level and a plumb line. A layer of putty is the basis for decorative plaster, therefore, it should be carefully leveled. At the end, it is necessary to sand the surface with sandpaper or grinder, while its surface should be fine-grained.

• The next step is to apply a layer of deep penetrating primer. For this, a paint brush is used. Most decorative plasters are the same high level adhesion, so over time the material may simply fall off. To ensure tight contact, a primer is needed. It is required to apply 2 coats at intervals of 3-4 hours to allow them to dry.

This completes the preparation of the surface for plastering, you can start decorating the walls.

On a note! If you plan to apply a thick layer of textured or textured plaster, then finishing the surfaces with putty is optional. But for thin layers of the above types of finishing materials or for "Venetian" filling is carried out in mandatory... The fact is that a small layer will not be able to fill cracks and potholes, which, after drying, decorative material will appear, which will affect the appearance of the walls and the period of their operation.

Some types of decorative plaster require mandatory filling of the walls.

Preparation of walls for plastering should be carried out taking into account the following nuances.

It is recommended to close the floor surface, windows and furniture before starting work. plastic wrap... The ceiling area near the wall and the baseboards must be sealed with masking tape. For each of the layers of putty, it is necessary to allow at least 48 hours for complete drying, while it is forbidden to use heaters or hair dryers to speed up the process. Otherwise, the surface may crack.

If we are talking about work on the facade or plinth, then it is necessary to first strengthen the wall with a reinforcing mesh, inside the room - with a serpyanka. Ideally, the primer should be reinforced with a special liquid impregnation. If it was decided to use this composition, care must be taken to ensure that the surface to be treated is capable of absorbing liquid. Therefore, you should not use materials based on alabaster or glue.

The priming layer, which is applied to the walls under decorative plaster, must be at least two centimeters thick. Otherwise, you will have to apply a larger layer of decorative coating to achieve an even and uniform surface, which leads to additional costs. After applying the primer, it is necessary to wait about 7 days, during which the layer is regularly moistened with water (for this purpose, an ordinary kitchen sponge is used).

Test application of plaster

Many years of experience can skip this step, but inexperienced people are strongly advised to do a trial application. To do this, you need to choose small area walls closer to the corners or use a sheet of drywall that has been pre-finished in the same way as the surface of the walls. After the test layer has dried, you need to evaluate the quality of the resulting surface, its texture and color. If everything suits you, you can safely start plastering.

Material preparation and consumption

The modern construction market offers buyers already ready mix v plastic containers and dry powdery substances that must be diluted with water. In the first case, it is enough just to open the container and mix the composition with improvised means (a long screwdriver, a wooden plank, and so on). In the second, you must first study the instructions indicated by the manufacturer, and then prepare the solution in the required proportions. This will require a mixing container and an electric drill with a mixer attachment.

Preparation of a solution of decorative plaster with a mixer

Consumption of the main types of decorative plaster:

1. Structural compositions - about 3 kg of material per one square meter surface.
2. - an average of 1.5 kg per square meter.
3. Venetian plaster - about 150 g per sq. meter for one layer, the total consumption must be calculated based on the number of layers.

The above data are approximate. Actual consumption depends on the application method and the desired result.

Preparatory work is both a simple and important part of finishing. In order for the stage of surface preparation for plastering to be successful, and the coating to serve for many years, it is necessary to follow the above instructions and manufacturer's recommendations.

Proper preparation of walls for decorative plastering is very important. The appearance of the applied coating depends on the quality of its implementation.

Decorative plaster is understood as a special multi-layer coating that forms a given original texture on the walls to be treated. The latter may have different kind. It depends on the shape and size of the decorative plaster filler, the tools with which it is applied, and directly on the method of applying the composition.

The currently described mixtures to create original interiors premises are very popular. Decorative plaster is characterized by the following advantages:

• relatively low cost of the material;
• an abundance of colors and textures;
• minimal susceptibility to household mechanical damage;
• quick and easy application to walls;
• the possibility of using for finishing exteriors () and interiors.

Decorative mixtures for creating original interiors of premises

In addition, the plaster mix cleaned of dirt without any problems. More practical yet truly beautiful material for decoration it is difficult to imagine.

Decorative plaster is usually subdivided into several varieties. It happens:

1. Structural. Such compositions are made on the basis of latexes (synthetic) or on a mineral basis. Structural plaster Is a heterogeneous granular mixture to which small pieces are added wood fibers, mica or quartz.
2. Textured. Decorative material of various shades, made on the basis of synthetic binder components. Crumbs of stones (natural), cotton and linen fibers, and other fillers are added to such compositions.
3. Venetian. A mixture based on marble dust (also called flour). is a transparent material. Once solidified on the walls, it gives them a unique marble effect.
4. Stone. This material consists of binders and crumbs natural stones... It is used in cases when the home owner wants to get a fine-grained unusual coating on the wall surfaces.

There is also another type of decorative plaster coating - silicate. It is characterized by increased strength, not prone to natural pollution, well resists mechanical damage. Only walls with quartz inclusions are treated with silicate plaster. It is not suitable for other surfaces. Remember this.

The specified compositions are allowed to be applied to walls made of any building materials, whether it be metal, wood, brick or concrete. Such plaster for decoration allows the treated surfaces to breathe. In addition, it is not afraid of moisture, being waterproof. The service life of textured and structural compositions is measured in decades. At the same time, the walls for their application are allowed to be prepared not very carefully.

Preparing the wall for applying textured plaster

You do not need to level surfaces at all to ideal condition... Such material, in the process of using it, will itself hide all the bulges, small gaps and other small flaws on the wall. Preparation of walls for decorative plaster (structural and textured) is as follows:

1. You clean the wall surface from the old finish.
2. Remove oil stains, if any, with solvent, and then wash the wall with regular soapy water.
3. Close up cement mixture deep cracks.
4. Treat the walls with an antifungal mixture (in dry rooms this may not be done), then apply a primer to them.
5. When the primer mixture is completely dry, treat the wall with putty. It will level the surface. Basically, the putty is used as a base for the subsequent application of decorative plaster. If you plan to process the walls with a thick embossed layer, it is allowed not to use the putty composition.
6. After a day (so much time is required for the putty to dry), it is necessary to treat the wall surfaces with an acrylic-type primer. It perfectly improves the adhesion of the layers.

The last stage in preparing the walls is sanding them with fine-grained sandpaper. As you can see, there are no real difficulties in preparing surfaces for plastering. home master should not arise. Just follow the instructions above.

Surface treatment before using Venetian plaster should be done much more carefully. This is due to the peculiarities of the decorative material. The work flow chart is shown below:

1. Qualitatively and carefully clean the walls from all existing dirt.
2. Take off old whitewash and layers oil paint... After that, you should carefully sand the cleaned surface.
3. Level the wall with a suitable filler. This stage of work must be approached very responsibly. If you don't make the walls really even, the beauty of Venetian plaster, which includes 2-3 transparent layers, will be invisible.
4. Grind by hand (stop using a grinder) the smallest irregularities and sagging on the surface to be treated.
5. Apply a primer to the leveled walls (use deep penetration mixtures).

Let's repeat one more time. Surfaces for Venetian decorative compositions must be brought to perfect condition. You may need to expand existing seams on previously painted or plastered walls and repair gaps and cracks in them.

Leveling the surface under the Venetian decorative composition

In some cases, such procedures have to be repeated 2-3 times. The work is laborious. But without her, there is no point in decorating the walls. Venetian plaster... It will not provide the expected stunning effect. Finally, we have prepared a few important tips, which will help you to qualitatively prepare the walls for decorative coating. Here they are:

1. Do not apply putty mixtures on oil-glue and alabaster base. Use any other formulation, but not these.
2. The thickness of the primer must be at least 2 cm.
3. It is advisable to put putty on the serpyanka - a self-adhesive construction mesh, which is placed on the wall. In this case, the surface treatment must be carried out with a special trowel of large width.
4. For priming walls, it is recommended to use exclusively acrylic compounds. Primers performed well Tiefgrund TV(they are used to treat plasterboard and plaster surfaces) and Acryl-Hydrosol(ideal for crumbling walls).

Spend time on high-quality preparation of wall surfaces for applying decorative plaster on them, and you will really get perfect interior in your home!

What is difficult and unusual to prepare walls for decorative plaster? There are enough subtleties, so if you are not ready to learn and work on mistakes, then it is better to immediately contact the specialists. If you are in a thorough mood, then let's consider what points an ordinary citizen needs to take into account when he undertakes such a complex procedure.

Responsible approach

If the area for applying decorative plaster was not prepared with high quality, it will in no way be able to show its strengths, create at home exquisite style or to boast of color, the irregularities of the previously prepared area make such plaster ordinary, it may not just not make an impression, but even repel it. If you are neat and attentive, plaster will allow you to create a unique style in your home, if you did not try, everything will go to pieces. How can we remove surface defects?

If you are thinking about how to prepare the walls for, then you need to understand, firstly, that the use of its decorative variation is the very last stage. Before that, we need to install windows, doors, flooring, take out all the garbage from the room and go everywhere with a powerful vacuum cleaner.

Cleaning walls and rooms

In addition, we must make sure that there is no dust and unevenness on the very work surface... Experienced specialists, for example, carry out the procedure for cleaning the premises from dust 2-3 times in a row, they know very well that such a short procedure is a guarantee of application without any defects.

Stages of work

So, the instruction, even if it initially seems complicated, will gradually be mastered by you, the main thing is to treat it carefully and responsibly. It is necessary, as professionals do, to observe every small stage of work, even if it seems unimportant to you:

Squeeze roller before applying primer

Do-it-yourself work involves careful application of the primer. We described this procedure above and you must remember that for various features surfaces have their own types of primers. The stage itself is not so difficult, you have nothing to be afraid of. In some places, you may not treat the procedure in the most careful way - then everything will be leveled, the primer is very malleable for various kinds of corrections, and even initially it is impossible to apply the primer perfectly evenly.

If you find any cracks, then you need to embroider them with an angle grinder, which is endowed with the strongest diamond disc... Now that the gap is widened and cleaned of all that is superfluous, you can close it up with a high-quality repair compound. Try to look for professional versions of the composition, they are not much more expensive, but much better. If the gap is too deep, you will need to apply the composition in a couple of passes.

Now you need to apply a base coat of putty. It will serve to level the wall, as well as the basis for the upcoming decorative plaster. An important point is that only one parameter can save from applying putty - you will apply a large layer of decorative plaster, which will hide some irregularities and not lose the quality of the color, which will be saturated. If you decide not to apply the putty for no reason, then the result will be disastrous, since there will be no flat surface, defects will appear, you will not get the desired color of the plaster, and replacing the entire coating will hit your pocket again.

Remember that each layer of putty is dried for 24 hours and so on until a perfectly flat area is obtained. The putty will not crack if you use a special plaster mesh, which is also called serpyanka. Putty is applied with a specialized spatula. The best adhesion of the layers is achieved only by coating with an acrylic primer, which will improve the coating and will be the final stage of preparation.

Plastering

After all kinds preparatory work were completed, it is necessary to start applying the plaster, but there is no need to rush here either. To begin with, you can choose a place on the treated wall that will be close to one of the corners. Now we can cover it with a layer of plaster and look closely at what the structure of the coating is, as well as the shade.

If something is wrong, it is necessary to re-process the wall, trim something or add a thin layer of plaster of a different composition, from another manufacturer. Do not be upset, such mistakes happen and the most important thing is that you did not cover the entire wall with plaster, then you would spend a lot of working material and complicate further corrections.

Plastering can also be done using smooth or textured techniques. You can apply a special primer for this. This requires:

1. Apply a sufficiently thick 20 mm layer of primer, otherwise decorative layer will not be homogeneous.
2. Further, during the grouting process, it will be necessary to exert pressure on the primer, when it has not completely hardened, in order to compact it.
3. Then, we take a damp sponge and wet the soil, doing this 3-4 times a day for 7 days, which will allow the application of textured plaster.

Plastering

As you already understood, there are a lot of options for applying plaster. You have a lot to choose from and in this regard they can help finished projects, advice from professionals and home experimenters who were able to achieve success in the procedure. Application technology may involve the combination of two styles of application, which will create a combined decorative plaster. So one stripe will be smooth and the other textured, what if you choose different colors for these layers, will create chic style, but here, as you understand, great care and attention is needed. Although masking tape will greatly simplify life, which will allow you to make some oversights.

Simply place masking tape over the textured part of the primer, then pick whatever plaster color you want for the smooth lines and paint over all of them. Next, you will need to glue, thus, smooth lines and paint textured ones. There is no need to be afraid, the masking tape will be used by professional painters for that, because it will not damage the already painted surface.

You can also come up with ways to work with decorative plaster yourself, if you have enough imagination. The most important thing you have already done is that you are working on a flat surface that does not distort colors, does not make smooth stripes uneven due to dust and some dimples on the wall. In addition, such decorative plaster will adhere to the surface incredibly firmly, therefore it will last for a very long time. After a dozen years, of course, it will lose its original outer shine, but this is an excellent time for such an impressive decorative material that opens up enormous possibilities for you.

The importance of preparatory work

It is for the very reason that one can make mistakes in this procedure on his own that we are attentive to each stage of the procedure. Defects can show themselves under the finish, and it will be very difficult to fix something. Usually this means that the work must start from scratch, and this is a big time and financial cost.

A perfectly prepared site is a guarantee that the plaster will fit perfectly. The preparation of walls for decorative plaster must take place slowly, and each stage of work must be checked repeatedly, it covers the wall with a too thin layer and does not have the ability to hide the defects of the preparatory work.

Decorative plaster is one of the easiest finishing materials to apply to walls. Although this material has many advantages. For example, high strength characteristics, the ability to withstand high humidity and temperature changes, dust does not settle on it, dirt does not linger, over time the color of the plaster does not fade. Moreover, on the surface of the wall, you can create a truly real masterpiece with your own hands. Let's add one more positive characteristic - decorative plaster is applied in a small layer, which can hide small defects and flaws on the base surface of the wall.

But whatever you say, but treat the preparation of the wall surface in the same way as in the case of finishing it with wallpaper or paint. Although it is not necessary to bring the surface to maximum evenness. Therefore, let's look at how the walls are prepared for decorative plaster.

Stages of wall preparation

Let's talk about the walls to be repaired. But at the very beginning, we note that the application of decorative plaster is a finishing, finishing process, therefore it is recommended to start it only after all work on the repair of the ceiling and floor has been completed, the rubbish has been taken out and the pieces of furniture and the floor itself are covered with film.

So what will you need to do to prepare the walls?

Now you need to pay attention to what is the difference in the plane of the wall. To determine it, you can use different ways, but the most effective and simple one is to install a long rule with a level bubble on the wall and draw along the plane. Bubble deviation indicates that there is a difference. And the further the bubble is deflected in the flask, the greater the difference. We must get rid of it. With the help of decorative plaster, the drop can also be removed, but if it is not more than three millimeters. In other cases, you will have to putty and level the plane.

Attention! If the value of the difference is large enough, it is recommended that the leveling be carried out in several layers, and each layer must be primed after drying.

Plasterboard wall preparation

Plasterboard partitions, various niches and cabinets made of this material are not uncommon in modern design premises. Yes, and the walls are often aligned with them today, especially when there is a question of insulation. Can decorative plaster be applied to drywall? No problem. And how is the preparation of walls for decorative plaster solved in this regard, I mean plasterboard walls? Everything is the same as with conventional designs.

True, it should be noted that drywall sheets are themselves a leveling material, so preparation is reduced with them. Still, what needs to be done?

• Prime the joints of plasterboard sheets.
• Fill the joints with putty.
• Place the fastening tape along the joints.
• Apply another layer of putty.
• Smear the installation locations of the screws.
• Dry all this and prime the sheet itself.
• After that, a complete alignment of the plane is carried out drywall construction... By the way, different putties are used to fill the joints and level the plane. In the first case, it is recommended to use the Fugenfüller brand, in the second Uniflot, all materials from the Knauf company.
• The putty layer is dried and the primer is applied.

Everything, plasterboard wall ready for decorative plastering.

Preparing a wooden wall

Probably, the question of whether it is worth covering wooden walls with decorative plaster sounds somehow strange. But in life it happens different situations, therefore, it is worth considering the option of preparing wooden walls for this decoration. What needs to be done first? As always, determine the degree of defects.

If there are more defects than the plaster can cover with itself, then wooden wall will have to be faced with either drywall, or plywood, or chipboard, or OSB. If there are not very many defects, then you need to cover the plane in three layers with a primer. In this case, each layer must be pre-dried. On this, the preparation can be considered complete.

Brick wall preparation

Finishing work in brick house, which has just been rebuilt, is much more complicated than if the house was concrete. The thing is that brickwork need to be plastered. Not the easiest process, but without it, apply decorative plaster, and others Decoration Materials, it will simply be impossible.

How is the preparatory stage carried out in this case?

• Installed on brickwork plaster mesh, it can be metal, plastic or fiberglass. Fastening is done with self-tapping screws with a wide head or with a wide washer.
• A putty solution is being prepared. It is a dry mix based on gypsum or cement. It is simply diluted in a certain ratio with water. In this case, it is necessary to pour the mixture into water and stir with a construction mixer, and not vice versa.
• A putty solution is applied. If necessary, application is made in several layers, it all depends on the difference in the plane of the brick wall.
• After drying, the plane is primed.
• Decorative plaster can be applied.

This is how the preparation is done different walls for decorative plaster.

In the final stages of finishing, a very important role is played by correct preparation walls for decorative plaster. The thing is that the aesthetic properties of such a material can be fully revealed only if the defects of the surface itself do not interfere with them.

That is why the preparatory stage should be approached with all responsibility.

Structural decorative blends are truly universal material... The decoration is used both for outdoor work and indoors. With the help of such a decor, a skilled craftsman will be able to add personality and endow unique style even the most ordinary, typical house.

The structural mixture has sufficient plasticity, it is applied (with certain skills, of course!) Very easily, therefore given view finishing is quite capable of not only professional builders, but also to self-taught masters.

In addition, it is the fact that it allows you to experiment with the texture and color of the resulting surface. The final design is limited only by your skill and imagination.

What should be the surface? The technology of preparatory work is not too different from the preparation of walls for painting and wallpapering. However, you should not be zealous either - the decorative mixture, due to its plasticity, perfectly hides all minor defects.

So perfect smooth wall we do not need, but we still have to work on eliminating large irregularities.

Surface preparation stages

It should be remembered that the application of decorative finishes is the final stage of finishing the premises (it does not matter whether we are talking about building a new house or overhauling).

Apply as finishing touch when the windows and doors were already installed, the flooring was laid and also taken out of the room construction garbage and walked over it with a vacuum cleaner.

If it was originally ordinary, before them decorative trim the layer must stand for at least four weeks.

Instructions:

Note! The presence of oil stains on the base is highly undesirable. If such stains are present, they should be removed with a solvent and the surface washed with a mild soapy solution.

Cleaning

We carefully examine the cleaned surface. If it is not firm enough, treat it with a repairing or strengthening primer. Compositions such as Acryl-Hidrosol (for surfaces prone to shedding) and Tiefgrund TV (for old gypsum plaster or drywall), estimated price- from 160 rubles. per liter.

Note! If the room in which the walls are to be finished has a high level of humidity, along with the primer, the walls should be treated with an antifungal compound.

Elimination of cracks

If a sufficiently thick layer, the texture of which has a pronounced appearance, the surface putty is not necessary. But if you plan to apply a thin layer of smooth plaster, then ideally Smooth surface you will need. Otherwise, the defects in the base will show through the decor, and the consumption of the decorative coating will be much higher. And this can hit your pocket very sensitively!

Plastering

Note! To prevent the putty from flaking, it must be impregnated, so give up the idea of ​​using fillers that prevent absorption (based on alabaster or based on oil and glue).

• After the putty is complete, sand the surface. Best result gives hand grinding using fine-grained sandpaper.

The primer mixture for decorative plaster is applied taking into account the following points:

• The thickness of the primer layer must be at least 20 mm, otherwise it is almost impossible to achieve uniformity of the decorative layer.
• When grouting the primer, a significant compaction is required.
• Draw the rubbed and compacted primer into squares.
• After the primer has been applied, we moisten it for at least 7 days (we process it with a damp sponge 3-4 times a day)

Decorative plaster, both smooth and textured, can be applied to the surface treated in this way.