Modern forms of roofs of houses. Types of roofing materials for different types of roofs. The device of the attic roofing system

AT modern concept the roof of the house is not only a cover, protection from snow, sun or rain. Now the roof is an architectural continuation of the building, capable of emphasizing its individuality and originality, changing the visual perception of the house. It should also be noted that the type of roof will affect the internal atmosphere, comfort and coziness.

Be that as it may, but first of all, the roof must be reliable, because beauty will not save you from snow or rain. In general, there are many types of roofs, but we will only talk about the most popular, reliable and practical options that are best used when building a private house.

If we consider all the roofs as a whole, then they can be safely divided into two categories: flat and pitched. Both one and the other have both advantages and disadvantages.

Flat roof

Flat roof although it is popular, it does not always find a place for itself in residential housing construction. The main disadvantage is the lack of slope, and, consequently, the constant accumulation of snow and melt water on its surface. Because of this, the life of a flat roof is drastically reduced, thus it looks less acceptable in comparison with a pitched roof structure. Often a flat roof is used only when its surface will be used (placing a front garden, pool or terrace).

pitched roof

pitched roof much more preferable, because precipitation practically does not linger on its surface. In general, this type of roof is more reliable and attractive. Under such a roof, you can equip an attic space in the attic. The only drawback that you will have to face is the increased cost of building this type of roof and the difficulty of repairing it.

Roof with attic

Roof with attic very easy to build and install, you can build it yourself. The angle of inclination of the attic roof directly depends on what material is used for its roofing. You also need to take into account the maximum load placed on the roof, the cost of its construction and materials. It is convenient to repair such a roof, but even at the initial stages it is necessary to choose the optimal roofing material. An important point there will be a decision on the attic whether it will be used as a living space or not. Depending on this, the height of the ceiling, its quality and the materials used for its construction, as well as what should be roofing cake, thermal and waterproofing.

Atticless (mansard)

Atticless (mansard) roof differs in that the outer mills will be the roof surfaces located under sharp angle. This roof is interesting externally, but the useful area of ​​​​the attic space will be slightly reduced, as needed. good fastening roofs. It is almost impossible to build such a roof on your own, it is better to involve professionals.

In most cases, a roof without an attic has a break, therefore, special support systems are installed from the inside, which reduce usable area attic. Having imagination and design ideas, the supports can be sheathed with plywood, and then make niches and cabinets for seasonal items there.

shed roof

shed roof - cheap and easy to install option. In fact, this is a kind of flat roof mounted on walls of different heights. It is thanks to this that a natural slope of the roof is created at a certain angle to one side. This roof is convenient and practical, but it is very boring in appearance, and you can’t equip an attic under it.

gable roof

gable roof - the most popular option in villages and small towns. This roof is one of the oldest, but is still relevant today. It is based on two slopes connected at the top by a “ridge”. A gable roof can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. In general, this is a very convenient and practical option, an ideal solution for those who want to equip the attic.

hip roof

hip roof - a variety of four pitched roof. The two slopes of this roof are trapezoidal, and the end planes (hips) are triangular. It is much more difficult to create and build such a roof, so it is better to turn to professionals. The advantage of a roof lies in its performance characteristics, because it is very resistant to the vagaries of the weather.

Half hip roof

Half hip roof - this is something between a hip and gable roof. The lateral planes are truncated - they have a semi-hinged shape, their length is 2-3 times less than the main planes. On the pediment of the building you can put vertical windows, and half hips will become a decorative element.

Shatrovaya

Shatrovaya - the design of this roof has 3 or more slopes that are assembled at one top point. There is no “ridge” in the hipped roof, and the symmetry of the slopes pleasantly surprises. If the house has regular geometric shapes (square, polygon), then the hipped roof will become optimal solution. It is resistant to winds, original in appearance and able to reliably protect the house.

Multi-gable roof

Multi-gable roof - the most complex, expensive, but at the same time interesting option. Ideal for polygonal houses where you want to create something special. The truss system of a multi-gable roof is difficult to implement, so attracting professional builders and architects here necessarily. If everything goes well, then eventually it will be possible to get a dream home.

broken roof

broken roof - a kind of mansard roof, because it is under it that an attic is often equipped. Top part has a small angle of inclination, after which there is a break and the angle increases sharply, thereby the usable attic area will practically not suffer, and its side walls will be reliably protected.

Conical and domed roofs

Conical and domed roofs - this is a very rare occurrence, because almost no one uses them. This type of roof is not easy to use, it is difficult to repair them. It is best to use them only as separate elements that can be used to cover round verandas or create decorative towers.

Combined roof

Combined roof - difficult, but possible. This roof often combines such types of roofs as hipped, hip and multi-gable. It is logical that it is too difficult to calculate and build such a roof, so you need to involve professional architect. By creating a combined roof, you can surprise your friends, envy your neighbors and delight your loved ones. Having built such a roof, you need to be prepared for the fact that it is difficult to maintain it, and you need to spend a lot on the implementation of this project, whether it is worth it only for the owner of the home to decide.

The roofs of private houses are divided into several different categories, depending on the shape, structural elements, the complexity of the device and other things. Choosing the type of roof during the construction of a building should take into account many factors: the amount of precipitation in a particular area, structural strength, wind load, device living rooms in the attic, etc.

The roof of the house performs several important functions at once:

• provides hydro and noise insulation;
• creates a barrier from the wind;
• acts as a thermal barrier.

The durability of the structure depends on the quality of the structure itself and the roofing material. Also, these indicators affect the cost of heating rooms inside the building.

Flat and pitched roofs

Roofs of houses can be flat and pitched (sloped).

Depending on the architecture of the building, an appropriate roof structure is selected even at the design stage. Drawings are created, and calculations are carried out, taking into account all the features of this architectural structure. The layout of the roof - the attic or living quarters - is also thought out in advance.

Flat structures are found mainly in countries that receive a small amount of annual precipitation. Since with abundant rainfall, water will accumulate on such a roof, and it may begin to leak. In the vastness of our country, pitched roofs are used in the construction of buildings. The plane of such structures is located at a certain angle, usually it is more than 10 degrees and depends on the abundance of precipitation that falls during the season in a given region.

You can learn more about all the other advantages and disadvantages of flat roofs from this special video.

Much more often they use roof projects of private houses with inclined design, which can have several slopes at once.

Attic and attic roofs

According to their design, roofs can be divided into non-attic and attic. In non-attic, the bearing elements of its design are at the same time the ceiling of the upper floor of the house. They can be ventilated or non-ventilated. Attic roofs have an attic floor that separates their structure from living quarters.

Roof purpose

When choosing the roof of a house, you should decide in advance how its space will be used: as a simple attic or living space. These points significantly affect what shape and type of roof is suitable for your home.

The main types of roofs of houses in shape

Roof structures of private houses in their form can also be divided into several types:

• lean-to,
• gable,
• hip,
• multi-forceps,
• attic,
• tented,
• domed,
• conical,
• flat.

For shed roofs, the angle of inclination usually does not exceed 20-30 ⁰. The planes of mansard roofs are set at an angle of 45-60⁰ in the lower part and 25-35⁰ in the upper part. For ordinary gable structures this figure is in the range of 25-45⁰.

Hipped roofs suggest the presence of 4-8 planes for better removal of rain and snow.

Beautiful roof structures of private houses are obtained by combining several two pitched elements or species, but maintaining and installing such structures is not an easy task.

shed roof

It has a fairly simple form. At the same time, this type of roof is extremely rare in the arrangement of private residential buildings, since with such a design, the load on the rainwater drainage system increases significantly, and they simply do not look very beautiful.

In most cases, such roofs are used in the construction of outbuildings of small width. If you still decide to equip just this type of roof, then you will need an enhanced drainage system with a greater throughput.

Gable roof

Also having a very simple design, they are the most common type of roofs for private low-rise buildings. When arranging it, you can use almost any roofing materials.

Hip (four-pitched) roof

The hip (four-pitched) roof is more common in the southern regions. With this option for arranging the roof, there are no gables in the attic, and dormer windows, in most cases, are located at the intersection of the ridge with hip ribs. By design, a hip roof is much more complicated than a gable roof, so it is more often used in cases where the building needs to be given aesthetic appeal.

Multi-gable roof

The multi-gable roof type is distinguished by an impressive number of different options, depending on the size and number of gables (pediments). Its construction is recommended to be trusted only by experienced professionals, since its arrangement is accompanied by the formation of sunken corners, which require very precise and accurate roofing work.

mansard roof

As a rule, they equip in cases where it is planned to use the attic for living quarters. This type of roof has a broken profile and, accordingly, is somewhat difficult to manufacture. It is often a kind of multi-gable and gable roof.

Other types of roofs of private houses

In addition, conical, domed and combined types roofs Conical and domed roofs are often used as decorative or individual elements more complex building structures. The combined type is one of the most common types of roofs, as it combines several elements of individual types at once.

The choice of the type and shape of roofs for private houses

When choosing the shape and type of roof, it is necessary to take into account the factors on which its performance depends. First of all, you should pay attention to the slope of the roof. In snowy areas, it is advisable to select structures with simple and steep shapes, since snow will practically not accumulate on such areas.

In areas with strong winds, the strength of the wind load must be taken into account when choosing.
The higher it is, the greater the angle of inclination, area and height of the roof. In addition, it is necessary to take into account fire safety requirements applied to roofs.

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Projects of houses and cottages from logs

Glass roofs for private houses

many owners country cottages dream of enjoying the view of the starry sky. Roof projects for private houses may involve both partial glazing and the arrangement of a transparent dome. Glass roofing is installed on the terrace, balconies, veranda.

The shape of the roof for private houses and various kinds of structures is made in the form of an inclined plane, a dome, a sphere. Panoramic glass roofs are mounted on several slopes, which significantly increases the viewing area. During the installation of this design, it is necessary to use reinforced aluminum and steel profiles.

Glass roofs for private houses have their own distinctive features. When designing the structure, it should be taken into account that it will be necessary to periodically wash and repair the glass. The roof, like windows, will fade over time from dust and precipitation on its surface. It is also advisable to install a heating system on the windows so that in cold weather ice and snow do not accumulate on them, and you can enjoy the views.

Materials for transparent roofs

To create transparent and, at the same time, warm and safe roofs, they use:

• triplex glass,
• plexiglass,
• polycarbonate,
• transparent slate.

Ordinary glass is not used to create transparent roofs because of its high fragility; if broken, fragments can harm human health.

1. Triplex is the safest material for creating a safe coating.
2. Laminated glass also does not shatter when broken, however, the light transmission is not very high and it is very thick.
3. Wired glass is sometimes used for roof glazing. If the glass breaks, the fragments will remain in the metal mesh frame.
4. Plastic translucent materials - polycarbonate, plexiglass and slate have excellent properties (lightness and high strength), which make it possible to use them to create complex sliding structures.

The device of a simple roof of a wooden country house

House roof projects usually involve the maximum use of attic space, for which the room above is expanded and insulated. The resulting usable attic area can be used for housing.

Roof structure wooden house consists of a frame and a roof. The roof frame consists of load-bearing and fasteners. The main part includes: rafters, Mauerlat and crate. Important additional elements frame - crossbars, struts, racks, etc. They give rigidity to the structure.

The height and volume of the resulting room depend on two factors: the angle of inclination and the number of slopes. Usually roof projects country houses assume a gable broken shape. This design is the most convenient for human life. Sometimes on the second floor the plan includes a balcony. Be sure to take into account that at the maximum point the height of the attic floor should not be less than 2.2 m.

The inside of a conventional gable roof can also be used as a living area. There are bedrooms or an office here. In this case, the height of the middle part of the room should not be less than 1.8 m.

The roof consists of materials that provide heat, hydro and vapor barrier.

When constructing a roof, special attention is paid to the choice of insulation. It is also worth stopping at the roofing material, which is more suitable in terms of characteristics for your building.

1. Waterproofing provides protection from precipitation, so the coating should not have damage on its surface, and even very small holes.
2. The vapor barrier ensures that there is no condensation, which can cause dampness in attics and attic spaces. Also, the inclusion of the roofs of country houses in the projects will allow to exclude the dampening of the wooden structure. window openings to allow ventilation. The location and number of vents affects the ventilation of the attic and its illumination.
3. produced depending on its design features. Rigid material is laid on monolithic floors. From above they make a screed and mount flooring. On wooden structures they are laid: vapor barrier material, insulation, a subfloor is made and only then the floor covering is installed.

“Under the roof of my house ...” - these words from a popular song reflect a special symbolic meaning this element of the building structure for people living in the house. At the same time, the functional purpose of the roof is to protect residential premises from the adverse effects of the external environment. In addition, it is an important architectural element that brings design projects to life and gives the built house a complete look.

Despite the external variety of designs of the final part of the buildings, all existing options roofs are classified in a certain way. Of course, having wondered which roof to choose, you need to get acquainted with their list and features.

Roofs are divided into pitched and flat

In general, roofs are divided into pitched and flat. The difference is easy to spot in the photo. A slope is a roof surface inclined to the horizontal at an angle greater than ten degrees. The number of slopes can vary from one to four, and in the design of multi-gable and hipped roofs, these elements are combined. Sometimes you can find a domed or conical shape of the "cap" of the house.

Flat roofs are less common due to their higher cost. For their arrangement, a solid foundation is needed that can withstand the weight of snowdrifts. Such a design is made of concrete and is not cheap, but there are additional features using a flat coating, as shown in the following photos.

Here you can install sports equipment, equip a recreation area, a terrace or a winter garden. This type of roof is considered exploitable. Roofs are classified according to the following criteria:

• the material from which they are made;
• the presence or absence of a bias;
• design features.

It is important to decide: with an attic or with an attic?

When building a roof, it is important to decide: to arrange it with an attic or an attic. The attic is actually a buffer zone between the external environment and living quarters. If it is necessary to repair the roof, it provides convenient access to all its elements. The construction of an attic roof requires certain financial costs, but despite this, such a constructive solution is widely popular and is used everywhere.

The attic on the roof allows you to use it as a full-fledged living space. Its walls are formed by the roofing material. For this purpose, the height of the slope increases in the right place. The non-attic design looks very original and unusual, as shown in the following photo.

The creation of such a design is associated with certain technical difficulties, therefore it is relatively expensive, and specialists usually do such work. However, the financial costs are paid off by the creation of additional living space. The non-attic mansard roof is very popular.

How a false roof is arranged, photo

Many people do not know what a false roof is, what it is for. In the general case, it is a covering of individual elements of a building structure with roofing material to give the latter an attractive appearance. appearance. An example of a false roof can be estimated from the photo.

The prefix "false" in the title indicates that imitation is meant. For example, arranging a false roof on a flat roof will give it the appearance of a pitched structure. In addition to being decorative, this architectural technique also has a functional purpose. Such a design protects horizontally located platforms from increased loads and aggressive environmental influences.

Types of forms of pitched roofs of private houses

The forms of pitched roofs of private houses are able to please the imagination with their diversity. An abundance of colors roofing materials allows you to implement the most daring design projects. At the same time, the simplest in design and technology of work is a shed roof. It is easy to arrange it yourself.

Due to its good performance, the gable roof has become the most popular among the owners of private houses, and it is widespread everywhere.

The hip roof is distinguished by good strength characteristics. The semi-hip variety has a very interesting designer look. The multi-gable roof construction, which is complex in execution, looks extremely original. The outline of the mansard roof is a broken line.

A multi-pitched hipped roof does not have a ridge elevation, decorative purpose has the shape of a roof in the form of a cone or a dome. There are also complex combined designs that bring to life non-standard design projects.

Shed roof - the simplest

The easiest to arrange and the cheapest price is considered pitched roof. In essence, it is a flat roof, based on wall ceilings of different heights. The height difference determines the angle of inclination of the cover. A shed roof has the following advantages:

• low cost;
• ease of installation;
• a large amount of usable space;
• ease of installation of the smoke exhaust system.

This type of roofing has a rather unsightly appearance, so it is most often used to cover toilets, sheds and other similar buildings. The shed roof is also used by the owners of small country houses, who put up with an unpretentious appearance, which is offset by the simplicity of the design.

The gable roof is the most popular

The gable roof covered housing since ancient times, it is most popular in countryside and urban-type settlements at the present time. As the name implies, the structure consists of two slopes of roofing. They provide good drainage of precipitation and prevent it from flowing into living quarters. However, this form of coverage has a high windage, so it can be torn off by a heavy gust of wind.

The junction of roof surfaces resting on walls of the same height is called the ridge and is the highest line of the house. The slopes can have different angles of inclination and be unequal in length. Here you can make an attic or arrange an attic, undoubtedly, this is the most practical look roofs. The vertical walls that bound the attic are called gables.

Robust hip construction

The hip roof implies the installation of slopes instead of gables, having a triangular cross-section, windows are made from above. It has good aerodynamic flow. Types of hip roofs are shown in the photo.

The technology for performing such work is characterized by increased complexity of the arrangement. truss system, so it is better to leave it to specialists. The hip roof is characterized by high strength and excellent resistance to heavy gusts of wind, heavy rain or heavy snowfall. It has the following advantages:

• good resistance to deformation;
• facade protection;
• resistance to aggressive environmental influences;
• the possibility of arranging the attic.

A half-hip roof is something between a gable and hip variant. Here, the ridge of the gable roof is closed from the wind effect by half-hips, which have good aerodynamic streamlining.

They also have a decorative purpose, giving the roof a very peculiar design. Dormer windows are equipped in the triangular parts of the gables formed by the overlap of the slopes. The arrangement of such a structure requires good professional skills, so it is better to leave this work to specialists.

Original and complex multi-forcep design

Multi-gable roofs are characterized by increased installation complexity. There are a variety of elements that give it a unique look. Fragments of the roof are most often polygonal in shape.

The multi-gable design has an unusual appearance and allows you to equip additional living quarters. Such roofs immediately attract the eye in a cottage village, they compare favorably with the monotony of standard options. Color design you can emphasize individual elements, giving the whole structure a contrasting look.

Broken mansard roof

Mansard roof, in essence, is a modified form gable design. She differs from her broken profile. To do this, a special break is made in the roof, giving the slope a flatter line. This design solution allows you to increase the usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing.

The shape of the attic is determined by the configuration of the additional room, where you can put beds and equip a rest room. In the hot summer, the roof is strongly heated by the direct rays of the sun.

In this design, the volume of space between the roof and the room is reduced, which worsens the thermal insulation of the ceiling and walls of the attic. Thus, it is necessary to perform high-quality thermal insulation of the roof itself.

Hipped roof - multi-pitched and without a ridge

In the hipped roof there are several slopes that do not form a ridge when connected. Laying such a coating is not particularly difficult, it is quite possible to do it yourself.

Hip roofs are usually installed over houses whose walls are arranged in the shape of a square or other regular geometric figure. They have good streamlining and therefore are resistant to heavy gusts of wind.

The durability is also very good. The weight of the hipped roof is small, as a result of which it exerts a small load on the walls and foundation.

Decorative conical and domed roofs

Conical and domed roofs in private houses are most often used for decorative purposes. They represent a rounded roof, but it does not cover the building structure itself, but its individual elements, such as designer turrets or a round summer kitchen. It should be noted that they look very original, especially when installed on a glazed veranda.

Complex combined structures

The most complex design is characterized by combined roofs. They combine different elements of other types of roofing: tent, multi-gable, hip, attic and so on. Strictly speaking, many of the examples of roofs given above are combined, although they have a pronounced one characteristic.

Combined roofs have a unique appearance, there is a wide scope for creativity of designers. To positive qualities good functionality and aesthetics, negative - high price, the complexity of design, installation and further maintenance.

Glass roof of a private house

The roofs of private houses are striking in their diversity. Pitched and flat, covered with tiles or completely transparent, made of their glass - there is room for fantasy to roam. But the roof should perform not only a protective, but also an aesthetic function. This is facilitated by both a variety of geometric shapes and a large selection of materials.

Design features

The structure of the roof two-storey houses may be flat or sloped. Accordingly, both the first and the second have their positive and negative sides.

flat design

This type is quite rare in the construction of small (two-story) private houses. This is directly related to its peculiarity: in fact, this roof is not absolutely vertical, but has a slight slope, which is 3 degrees. But, in such a situation, small house snow and rainwater roll very badly. Therefore, the reliability and durability in this case is less than that of pitched types.

It is worth highlighting individual cases when a flat roof outperforms a pitched one. First of all, if you plan to make a pool, terrace or a small garden. It is impossible to carry out any of these solutions with a pitched roof.

Flat roof in a private house

Pitched construction

This type is considered the most practical. The main advantage is a sufficient angle of inclination, which allows precipitation not to linger and roll off. It is believed that the pitched design has greater reliability, durability.

Another advantage of this type of construction is the possibility of arranging an attic or attic room. If we consider the negative sides of a pitched roof, we can distinguish the following:

• it will be more expensive to build it than a flat one, especially if it is of a combined shape;
• difficulties in carrying out repairs.

geometric shapes

The pitched type of roofs has a fairly large selection of shapes. Moreover, they can be designed independently, taking into account the loads, selected materials, as well as the design features of the building.

The most common are:

• Shed - the simplest option, both in terms of construction and in terms of financial costs. The design is based on walls of different heights. It is used both for buildings (garage, barn), and for country houses. However, when choosing this option, it should be understood that the attic device is impossible.

• Gable - is constructed from two pitched elements connected to each other with the help of a "ridge". In this case, the slopes do not have to be symmetrical. They can be located at different angles and, accordingly, be different lengths. On the this moment is the leader in popularity and practicality. It is also positive that under such a roof it is very easy to equip an attic or attic.

• Hip - a more complex type in terms of construction, which consists of two slopes of a triangular shape. Construction of this type must be carried out only with the help of professional craftsmen. But on the other hand, the costs are paid off due to high sustainability indicators.

• Semi-hip type - a cross between a hip and a gable roof. The ends in this embodiment have the form of a trapezoid. Such roofs often have windows that provide good level attic or attic lighting. In general, it is an interesting solution, but more difficult to construct than the "classic" gable.

• Tent - in fact, is nothing more than a kind of hip. The minimum number of slopes is 3. They are symmetrical, do not have a ridge and converge at one point. It is used in cases where a regular-shaped house is being built (in particular, a square).

• Multi-gable - used in cases where the house under construction has a complex shape. Not enough - the complexity of the device rafters. However, the result is a unique design, which, in addition to the main functions, will certainly attract the eyes of passers-by.

• Broken, or, as it is called in another way, attic type. This type of roof is popular due to the fact that it has sufficiently large break angles, which make it possible to increase the space of the attic room.

• Conical and domed are not used so often. They are usually used because of their decorative form to cover individual elements of the house, for example when making a bay window roof.

• The combined type has the most complex design. They combine several types at once - multi-tongue, hip, tent. The positive side of such roofs is their unusual appearance, the possibility of arranging an attic and decorative elements(particularly windows). The negative side is the high cost of construction, the complexity of operation and repair.

Features of the device in the presence or absence of an attic space

When designing a house, each owner is faced with a choice: an attic or non-attic roof? Both the first and second types have significant advantages, so before making a final decision, it is recommended to compare the positive and negative aspects of both options.

Option number 1: with an attic

In this case, the main advantage is that the roof is quite easy to do. If you have certain skills, you can cope on your own with one or two assistants without involving specialized workers.

The second advantage, which will certainly benefit the owners, is the ability to repair a section of the roof without having to replace the entire structure. When deciding to build this type of roof, you need to pay attention to the following points:

• you need to calculate the load that the roof must carry in order to select the appropriate material;
• the angle of the slope of the roof with the attic often depends on the choice of material;
• choice attic floor, which largely depends on whether the attic will ever be used.

Option number 2: without an attic

In another way, this type is also called attic. Its main difference from the attic is that roof structure will play the role of not only the roof, but also the outer walls in the attic. This is a rational and original option. Indeed, in this case, at least one more room is added to the house, which can serve for almost any purpose. And besides, the room will be very original due to the walls with a slope.

However, the mansard roof is quite complex in design. To make it yourself, without the involvement of specialized craftsmen, is almost impossible.

Another feature that can be both negative and positive side, is that pitched mansard roofs usually have a kink that needs to be supported inside with beams. Such props can both spoil and transform the interior of the room.

Use of non-traditional materials

AT this moment special attention deserve new materials used for the construction of the roof. Particularly glass. Now it is hardly possible to surprise anyone with a panoramic roof, because more and more construction companies propose to build glass roofs for private houses. With this option now more affordable, dreams of a veranda, a loft bedroom with a glass ceiling or a conservatory can now come true.

The main geometric shapes of roofs in which translucent structures can be used:

• flat;
• pitched (1 or 2 slopes);
• pyramid;
• dome;
• arch.

Important! The advantage of this material is that the glass roof performs not only its traditional role. She is also big window which provides illumination of the room.

The frame of this design is made of profiles, which, in turn, can be made of steel or aluminum. In very rare cases, wood is used. This is due to the fact that glass roofs are often made over greenhouses and gardens, where high level humidity, which naturally leads to rotting of wood structures.

Glass Roof Features:

• During the summer, it will get very hot. Accordingly, the room under it (attic) too. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of climate technology and sun-dampening insulation.
• The glass structure must fulfill its main function - protection from precipitation and wind. But unlike traditional roofing materials, glass does not overlap. Therefore, all seams must be carefully sealed and insulated.
• Glass is different. For roofs, it is better to choose an impact-resistant type or glass that, when beaten, does not leave sharp fragments and edges that can hurt you.
• Debris and dirt will be visible on the glass roof. It is necessary to consider easy access to it and the possibility of cleaning.

The roof is an integral part of any building. For frequent houses, it has a huge variety of shapes, and also does not standard materials to make your home a dream come true. The choice depends on the design of the house. Some types of structures can be built independently, which will save money and not resort to the help of specialists.

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, work with texts.
Education: Kharkiv State Academy Cultures, specialty “Culturologist. Lecturer in History and Theory of Culture. Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.

The roof of any private house has an incredibly responsible and multidisciplinary task - throughout its entire service life, it must protect the home from snow, rain, wind, scorching sun rays and winter frosts. In order to keep warm and cozy in the house, the roof must be properly designed, the design and materials must be selected taking into account the nuances of the architectural structure and the characteristics of climatic conditions. But in addition to a rationally chosen form, reliable materials and high-quality installation, any owner would like to see not only the protection of his home from the vagaries of nature, but also an external attractive element of the structure that adorns the building or brings originality to its image.

Roofing for a private house - a variety of forms

You have probably already seen many options for the execution of roofs in the construction of a modern home. The variety of forms will help not only to determine the most appropriate way to protect the building from the weather, but also to find your own solution for the implementation of design ideas to create an original image. Before you start choosing the type of roof for your own home, it makes sense to familiarize yourself with the design features of the various options for its execution. If we talk about the global division of roofs into types, then the main criteria are:

• material type;
• roof pitch;
• type and shape of the structure.

Exactly right choice These three components will help create a truly reliable, strong and durable building coating that can withstand all the nuances of climatic conditions. The main influence on the choice of the type of construction will be the weather conditions in the area - it makes no sense to build a roof with a slight slope in places with high rainfall in winter time(snow will accumulate and subsequently destroy the structure).

The main classification of roofs occurs according to the shape and number of slopes. A slope is a roof slope of more than ten degrees. Roofs come with one, two and four slopes. There are also more complex structures equipped with combined slopes - multi-gable and hipped roofs. Less commonly, but still found in the construction of private houses, domed and conical roof models. If several versions and shapes are found in the roof structure, then it is called combined.

So, we will analyze in more detail the options for the execution of roofs in private houses of different sizes and shapes, located in different climatic conditions:

lean-to roofing is the simplest and most cost-effective construction that does not require large financial and labor costs for installation;

gable- no less affordable roof construction, which is often used for buildings of the different shapes(ideal for regions with a lot of snow);

attic roof - a variant of a gable roof with a broken profile (each slope has two levels, the first is gentle, the second is falling);

hip the roof is suitable for buildings with a large area. It is able to withstand large wind loads;

a hip roof with an arched slope (like a pagoda) is not common due to the complexity of manufacturing. But the appearance is very attractive, original;

tent- variety hip roof which is ideal for buildings square shape(the roof consists of four triangles, converging with vertices like a tent);

half hip roofing - another subspecies hip roof(a slightly complicated design for a gable roof);

multi-forceps the roof has a rather complex design (suitable for both square and rectangular houses);

vaulted roof - the name speaks for itself - the roof has the shape of a vault (rarely used as the main type of roofing for residential buildings, more often serves as an addition);

tambourine the roof consists of four rhombuses brought together to the center and is ideal for houses that have a square shape at the base.

In addition to classification by shape, there is a division of roofs into:

• exploited;
• unexploited.

The name speaks for itself. Roofs in use include flat roofs, where you can arrange a recreation area on fresh air, a playground for sports, a terrace and even a lawn with plants. The advantage of a flat roof is not only in ease of execution, the minimum amount of materials and time costs, but also in the fact that even such a roof will not be torn off strong wind. A significant disadvantage is the accumulation of precipitation on a flat surface without a slope.

AT recent times it is fashionable to use the surface of the roof to create real masterpieces of landscape design. The high cost of land plots within the city, and the desire to have your own green corner within walking distance, and the possibilities of the modern market for materials and plants for organizing such oases on the roofs play a role.

If we talk not only about the aesthetic side of using the roof surface, but also the practical one, then the most popular way to create effective space is the installation of solar panels. Energy saving and rather high prices for electricity consumption are pushing many owners of private houses to use alternative sources energy that is easy to install on the roof itself.

Also, all roof options can be divided into two groups:

• attic;
• unattractive.

If the distance between the ceiling and the roof surface does not exceed one and a half meters, then this type of roof is considered attic. Usually this space is used for technical needs. A non-attic roof is used if there are ideas for using the space under the roof for organizing living quarters. In addition, the attic space can be organized already in the finished building by building on the second floor.

How to choose a slope for a roof

According to the type of slope, all roofs are divided into pitched and flat. Slope is the angle of inclination of the slope with respect to the horizon line. Most often it is measured in degrees, less often - as a percentage of the height of the roof to the length of the span. For example, a slope of 100% corresponds to 45 degrees.

The main reason for arranging the slope of the roof is the need to remove precipitation from its surface. If there is no slope at all (less than 1%), then the roof will often leak, causing inconvenience to the owners. And outwardly, this approach to organizing the coverage of buildings is more suitable for outbuildings. Although many designers offer such design solutions as original way highlighting the building among similar houses on the same street.

When choosing a roof slope option, it is considered that the maximum load from snowfall on the surface is achieved at an angle of inclination of 30 degrees. In order for such a roof to be self-cleaning (snow naturally rolled down), the slope must be 45 degrees.

In addition to precipitation, gusts of wind also affect the roof. With an increase in slope by 20-30%, the wind load on the roof increases by 5 times. But even a very small slope is not an option, the wind can penetrate through the joints of the ceiling and disrupt the structure, as they say from the inside. That is why the design justification for the shape of the roof and its slope must be trusted by competent specialists who will take into account all the nuances of the weather conditions of a particular area.

In order to determine the magnitude of the slope, experts use special calculation formulas and graphs. They are easy to find on the Internet. In short, to determine the slope, it is necessary to calculate the ratio of the size of the ridge to half the width of the house. After multiplying the resulting number by 100, we will get the desired slope value. If we talk about the slope, in relation to the costs of construction, then they increase with the growth of the value of this indicator.

Despite the obvious fact that a pitched roof is more expensive than a flat model, all developers prioritize reliability, durability and structural strength, rather than initial costs. Therefore, pitched roof structures are the most popular option for covering a private house. The slope of such a roof will be determined not only by wind and snow load but also aesthetic appearance. In addition, the slope of the roof is determined by the use of a specific building material.

We select building materials depending on the slope of the roof

For the roof to be reliable protection for a building from any manifestations of the weather, it is necessary to take into account the angle of inclination of the slope (slopes) when choosing a roofing material:

slate or asbestos cement sheets wavy shape - the coating can be used with a roof slope of 13 to 60 degrees. With a slope of less than 13 degrees, water will enter the joints of the roofing material, significantly reducing the life of the coating (and slate cannot be attributed to durable materials anyway);

ceramic tiles- the slope for this type of coating is in the range from 30 to 60 degrees. Laying ceramic tiles with a slope of less than 30 degrees, it is possible, but it is necessary to take additional measures to organize ventilation and waterproofing of the roof;

metal tile- one of the most popular materials used in private construction. One of the advantages of this roofing is that the maximum angle of inclination is not standardized, and the minimum is 15 degrees;

corrugated board rarely used as a permanent material for covering private houses (mainly it is used for household buildings, garages). The material is laid with a roof slope of 10 degrees or more (the maximum value is not standardized);

shingles- great for unusual roofs with arched shapes. The slope angle must be at least 12 degrees, the maximum value is not limited;

bituminous slate- used infrequently and with a slope of at least 5 degrees. There is also no maximum value, but it is necessary to take into account the angle of inclination for calculating the crate - with a slope of 5 to 10 degrees, a continuous flooring is usually equipped;

seam steel roofing - used at an angle of inclination of 20 degrees (the final figure is not limited).

In a special group of roofing materials, double-glazed windows and sheets of tempered glass can be distinguished, from which part of the roof is often made. Usually this is the visor of a veranda or greenhouse, less often - a kitchen or a living room in a private house. The design, of course, turns out to be outwardly incredibly attractive, not to mention the aesthetic features of the appearance of the ceilings inside the room, but such architectural solutions will also require considerable costs. Glass is able to withstand a fairly large snow and wind load. Most often it is attached to a metal profile, less often it acts solo.

When choosing a coating to create a roof, you need to use a simple rule - the denser the structure of the roofing material, the smaller the angle of inclination of the pitched roof should be. If you consider the angle of the roof slope when choosing a material, you can end up with a durable and strong structure that is ready to withstand various climatic features specific locality.

Design and color scheme

The choice of colors for roofing materials in the lines of modern manufacturers of building and finishing materials is incredibly wide. Using color, you can create a harmonious ensemble of the building and its roof or highlight the roof with a bright, contrasting shade. The only thing you need to decide when choosing color solution for roofing material - whether you want the roof of the house to merge with the environment (greenery, mountains, steppes for suburban households and other buildings for city apartments) or stand out against the general background of the landscape with brightness, contrast.

If the facade of your house is made in light colors, then a contrasting dark roof can be not only an original addition to the image of the building, but also to distinguish it from other buildings on the street or outside the city, among green plants.

The opposite situation is when the roofing material is chosen in a light tone, and the facade is finished in dark color, occurs infrequently. From that, your building will look more valuable and original, standing out among the many similar private houses built in the neighborhood.

The bright, rich color of the roof will help create a truly unique image of your architectural structure. If your task is to draw attention to a private home, then colorful color roofing material is a great way to achieve the goal. But in this case, the facade of the building should be done in a neutral tone.