Ventilation and air conditioning of country houses. Air conditioner with air flow from the street: the advantages and disadvantages of this climatic technology Air conditioning and ventilation are different

Modern ecology, especially in cities, leaves much to be desired. Therefore, the presence fresh air in a dwelling is, first of all, taking care of the health of everyone who lives there. But if in country house it's enough to open casement, then in the conditions of gas pollution and dustiness of the urban atmosphere, such a decision looks doubtful.

Air conditioning

How to provide yourself with fresh air? Many people see a way out in the installation of an air conditioner, mistakenly believing that it takes in outside air, cleans, cools (or heats) it and, in this form, releases it into the room. However, this is not at all the case.

An air conditioner is a device used to create a comfortable indoor environment. First of all, this applies to summer, when unbearable heat sets in on the street, when it is difficult not only to walk along the street, but also just to fall asleep at night. What does the air conditioner do in this case? Cools the air. But what kind of air? One and the same circulating in the room. Yes, he cleans it of harmful impurities as much as he can. The cheap one cleans poorly, retaining only large particles of dirt and dust, as well as accidentally flown insects, on a special grate. Expensive "catches" pathogens, pathogenic fungal spores, pollen and other allergens and smaller dust particles. However, the air remains the same, and each time the percentage of oxygen decreases, and the percentage of carbon dioxide increases. And the apparent freshness at the same time is due to its purification from harmful impurities and cooling. But after all, harmful impurities do not go anywhere - they settle on the air conditioner grill, which should be regularly cleaned, otherwise the condensate accumulating there can become a comfortable environment for the development of bacteria, mold and other microorganisms of little use.

An alternative to traditional recirculating air conditioners can be an air conditioner with a forced ventilation mode. However on this moment this additional function these devices are poorly developed and, if used, the air conditioner begins to emit increased noise. And the more air needs to be "drawn in" from the outside, the louder this noise. Is it comfortable for those living in the apartment? Unlikely. Although a person gets used to everything ...

According to the norms, for one person in the room, 30 cubic meters of fresh air is needed per hour. Air conditioners with forced ventilation, in which the aforementioned function is set to maximum, can provide an inflow of fresh air in the amount of about 20 cubic meters per hour. This is clearly not enough.

Another mistake of those who want to buy an air conditioner is the opinion that it is capable of heating the air, providing warmth in the house in winter. Yes, it heats the air. However, he can do this "painlessly" for himself only if the temperature outside is above zero. If you try to turn it on in heating mode at minus outdoor temperatures- very soon it will just break. For cheap models, the compressor will fail, and for expensive ones, the equipment itself will refuse to ruin itself and simply will not turn on. The real benefit from such a split system is only in autumn or spring, when there is a plus on the street. The risk here lies in the shock rate of condensation formation, which must be removed in time - otherwise the device may break.

And finally, installation. As you know, the air conditioner consists of two parts - internal and external, called blocks. Installing an outdoor unit is equivalent to a redevelopment for which a permit is required. If this action is not coordinated, neighbors, the city government or the management company may complain about the unauthorized installer of the air conditioner. The main threat in this case is the obligation to dismantle an unauthorized structure by a court decision. And the installation process itself involves the use of a perforator, the "diligence" of which some especially old and fragile walls may not withstand.

Ventilation unit

Another class of devices that fulfill more important and vital goals is supply ventilation installations (or, in other words, ventilators).

Installation is carried out with special equipment for diamond drilling. Its high accuracy allows punching a hole in the wall without any concern for its overall integrity and is acceptable even in a newly renovated room. Moreover, on outer wall no need to hang any outdoor units - just install a protective grill with a canopy. It can be painted in the color of the wall. Such an action is not considered a redevelopment and does not require additional permission.

Part of the indoor ventilation unit has an attractive-looking casing made of safe eco-friendly materials. Its main advantages:

• wear resistance;
• fire safety;
• heat resistance;
• high sound insulation.

The ventilation unit draws in fresh, oxygenated outside air, cleans it and, already in this form, delivers it to the room. V winter time the additional function of heating the air up to comfortable temperature... What is most interesting, the greater the difference between the external and internal temperatures, the more efficient heating will be. In the most simple models although there is no function for setting the set temperature, but there is a power regulator.

Using the example of the iFresh installation, let us consider several speeds at which the ventilator fan can operate:

• the first, providing a fresh air supply in the amount of 40 cubic meters per hour, is absolutely silent and especially comfortable at night;
• the second, supplying air in a volume of 80 cubic meters per hour, is suitable for daytime use;
• the third assumes active ventilation if available a large number people and provides the room with air in the amount of 120 cubic meters per hour.

At the same time, the active purification of the air supplied from the street is ensured, thanks to which, no matter how terrible the street atmosphere is, only clean, oxygenated air is inside the room. A similar effect is achieved thanks to double filtration through dust and active carbon filters that trap all harmful particles - dust, industrial gases, pathogenic microorganisms, chemical compounds, etc. As a result, there is always enough fresh air in the room, and everyone who is in it feels great.

Summing up, we note that the use of the air conditioner is limited to hot summer days and off-season, and we need fresh air every day.

If we talk about the material component of the issue, then from the point of view of the efficiency of investing money, the installation of forced ventilation is a more rational and first-order choice. After providing yourself with clean, oxygen-enriched air, you can decide to install an air conditioner for "hot days".

The use of air conditioners dates back more than a hundred years ago in areas with particularly hot or humid climates. In our country, air conditioners are used in industry and everyday life relatively recently, while not everyone knows that ventilation and air conditioning are two completely different things. In order for the room to have a normal microclimate, it is necessary to provide a normal supply of fresh air. Thus, ventilation is the process of taking air from a room with its subsequent replacement with fresh or, if necessary, treated air.

Air conditioners with ventilation function

An air conditioner can help ventilation, but it cannot completely replace it. Fans operating in outdoor air conditioning units have nothing to do with ventilation, since fresh air does not enter the room with the help of these units. Today, there are new air conditioners on the market that combine ventilation and air conditioning and supply fresh air at a speed of up to 20 m3 / hour. However, these volumes are very small in order to maintain a safe indoor air quality.

Parallel use of ventilation and air conditioning

Based on building codes and regulations, ventilation should provide at least 60 m3 of fresh air per person per hour, therefore, this is three times more than the most modern air conditioner can provide. Based on this, both ventilation systems and air conditioning systems must be installed in living quarters. The air that is supplied from the street with the help of ventilation will then be dehumidified or humidified, as well as heated or cooled using an air conditioner, and only after that it will enter the room. Systems from the company "BiK", with the help of which Ventilation and air conditioning, provide quality results at the most affordable price.

Ventilation systems project

Many factors are taken into account for the design of the ventilation systems of a building:

• the purpose of using the building;
• area size;
• the presence and dimensions of windows;
• the maximum number of people in the room at the same time.

The quality of ventilation and air conditioning is determined by the correct choice of equipment.

Organization of ventilation and air conditioning

The company "BiK" carries out the design and installation of air exchange systems for premises different types and destination. For example, the option of organizing ventilation and air conditioning as two independent systems is the simplest. In this case, the air is cleaned and enters the room through the supply ventilation system. And the air conditioning system in this case consists of wall split systems. The advantages of wall units are affordable price, low noise and easy installation. To implement more complex projects we use other types of air conditioning and ventilation systems.

Exists special devices, allowing you to check how well the ventilation system is working. Such a device is called an anemometer. With it, you can measure what speed the air has in ventilation duct... Having received such information, it is possible to calculate the amount of cubic meters of fresh air passing through the grate in 1 hour. However, it should be borne in mind that in order to make high-quality measurements of ventilation, it will be necessary to wait for certain climatic conditions... So there should be a difference of 13 ° C between the inside and outside temperatures. And for the outside temperature there is also a certain indicator - it should not exceed 5 0. These restrictions must be met, since they are directly related to the laws of physics, which in turn have a significant impact on the measurement data.

To be more specific, it should be noted that in order for ventilation to function normally, it is necessary that the air in the room be warmer than the air outside. It is the difference in air temperatures that allows the air to "break free". The air that leaves the room (apartment) is replaced with fresh air through doors and windows. V summer time such a ventilation system is ineffective, sometimes even a "reverse draft effect" can be formed.

To check the efficiency of the ventilation system, you can take a regular piece of paper and place it near the ventilation hole in the bathroom or in the kitchen, after which you should open the window to create traction. If the system is working properly and normally, then the piece of paper will be sucked up. When conducting such an experiment, remember that the window should not be more than 8 - 10 centimeters open. As a rule, problems with the flow of clean and fresh air arise due to the use of new building materials ( metal doors, and plastic windows). Previously, air could easily pass through doors and windows made of wood, but with the use of new building materials, this has become almost impossible.

However, in order for a person to feel comfortable in their apartment, it is not enough just an inflow of clean and fresh air. The person should feel comfortable in the room. It is unlikely that anyone can enjoy life in a cold or, on the contrary, a very hot room. Installation of air conditioners of various types will get rid of these problems. As a rule, the prices for the installation of air conditioners are significantly lower than the cost of purchasing and installing a ventilation system. The difference in price in this case is influenced by the following factors: the cost of the equipment itself, as well as the price for work.

Often, the cost of installation and installation of HVAC equipment has a direct impact on the choice. But never forget that by saving, you may not get the most best result... In this case, your system may not work efficiently enough or even fail. It is best not to save money and opt for a combined ventilation system, which will allow you to receive fresh air from the street, automatically heat the air and cool it using an air conditioner. Such a climate system will be most effective in modern homes- it will provide fresh air from the street and regulate its temperature.

The air conditioner is not intended for an air exchange device, it cleans and cools the environment in an enclosed space. But fallen into disrepair ventilation shafts apartment buildings, the installation of sealed plastic windows deprived the apartment natural ventilation... The air in the room becomes unhealthy, there is not enough oxygen, the proportion of carbon dioxide increases. Can an air conditioner for an apartment be supply air?

It has not yet been possible to combine the two functions of air preparation in a full-fledged mode. Most best systems can only use the air supply from the street for 30% of the total productivity. At the same time, the air conditioner becomes much more complicated and the price rises.

For houses and apartments, only single-block air conditioners, of various modifications, split systems can be used. They serve to ensure the regime on an area not exceeding 100 m 2. We will not consider cassette and column air conditioners.

Duct air conditioner with fresh air supply

The device of the channel system is two-module. One compressor-condensing unit is located outside the perimeter, the evaporative unit is located inside the premises. They are connected to each other by copper tubes with freon and electrical wiring. The evaporating unit can be hidden in the cladding of the room. Air conditioners with the function of inflow of fresh air from the street produce air exchange into the room for 2-3 hours. Physiologically, the air becomes healthy, oxygenated. These air conditioners include systems from Daikin “Ururu Sarara”. Hitachi and Haier created their models with fresh air.

The technology for purifying and mixing air streams is complex. In a special block outside the perimeter, the air taken from the street passes through a manganese catalyst, adsorption of impurities, including odors, occurs. There is a filter at the entrance to the air conditioning system, which retains small debris, insects and other external dirt. After that, the gas streams are mixed and passed through a photocatalytic filter, where they are biologically disinfected. Clean air is enriched with vitamins and hyaluronic acid. The healing product is delivered to the premises.

Duct air conditioner with fresh air admixture

The apartments use multi-split systems. They represent an installation with one unit taken out to the street, indoor modules maybe 2-4. The system is equipped with an additional device for air preparation from the street. In such air conditioners, the intake of fresh air does not exceed 10% of the total volume in the circulation system. A specialist can install and correctly calculate a multisystem. At all exit points, the air parameters will be the same. This is the main disadvantage of a multipoint split system. More than 4 sampling points are not provided, because it is difficult to balance such a system in terms of performance.

Using a mixture of air from the street, a split system with a wall indoor unit... But at the same time, the external unit of the air conditioner is modified, a fan and a mixing chamber are used. An air preparation unit is installed near the perimeter, providing winter heating and a coarse mesh for debris and living creatures.

Air conditioner that takes air from the street

The channel split system uses the supply circuits most competently. Does this air conditioner take air from the street? One remote unit is outside the circuit, the evaporators are connected to it piping, installed in false ceilings or false walls. An outdoor air preparation unit is used, which is supplied to the system in several places. The condition is that there is enough space behind a wall or under a ceiling to accommodate the equipment. The system is programmable, regulation is carried out by an electronic unit. Installation for preparation of air flow from the street and duct air conditioner have different control panels. The addition of fresh air can be 30%. As a result of the renewal, the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen content changes.

Air conditioners with fresh air supply for an apartment

Another type of split systems is the supply and exhaust air conditioner in the product line from Hitachi, they are not very powerful, the air exchange reaches only 8 m 3 per hour, but this amount is enough for a bedroom. An example supply and exhaust split the system is equipped with a Hitachi RAS-10JH2 air conditioner. The model has inverter compressor, 2 pipes are used - supply and exhaust. The air is removed forcibly, fresh air from the street can be heated. The control panel has separate options for supplying air from the street and removing waste. One mode is selected, then the system is adjusted to an equilibrium state.

Haier offers 2 models of premium air-handling units: Aqua Super Match AS09QS2ERA and LIGHTERA HSU-09HNF03 / R2 (DB). In these units, the supply air system - additional option... But having bought the equipment, it is possible to provide air renewal with a flow rate of 25 m 3 / hour. Both models of air conditioners have a built-in function for mixing air from the street. For this on external block there is a pressure fan and a mixing chamber for two gas streams. Flexible hose with street air can be entered directly into the room in one way or another.

Rules for placing block air conditioners with air supply from the street

When installing the evaporators on the ceiling, it is important that the cool air flow does not reach the area where people are located. Therefore, narrow slotted blinds are used. The higher the ceiling, the better the counter gas flows are averaged. In a split duct system, a distance between normal and false ceiling not less than 25 cm. The same applies to false walls, behind which channels pass.

In any case, ducted air conditioners or split systems with fresh air inflow will cost more at a price, and it is more difficult to operate than a separate supply and exhaust system and air conditioner. Devices 2 in 1, naturally, have somewhat truncated capabilities.

Fresh air conditioner

To feel comfortable at home, besides many other factors, it is necessary to have a saturated oxygen fresh air a certain temperature and humidity. When designing housing in houses of mass development, this condition is observed in accordance with the current sanitary standards and under the supervision of the relevant inspections. However, the norms determine only the minimum necessary human needs for the climate. In the conditions of free economic relations, to which we strive, everyone is free to independently decide how much he wants and has the opportunity to improve his environment. And there are many opportunities for this.

Ventilation at no cost

The cheapest ventilation remains an open window... Together with natural ventilation channels, which are always provided during the construction of housing, it provides air exchange in the apartment, consistent with sanitary standards. However, along with the fresh air through the window, street noise, dust, and sometimes insects penetrate into our housing. To avoid these troubles, the window can be replaced with the so-called. supply valve... A fairly simple device is installed in the outer walls of the dwelling and includes noise-absorbing and anti-condensation insulation, an anti-mosquito net, and a regenerable (i.e. cleanable) filter. In addition, in the inner head of the supply valve there is a possibility of manual adjustment of its cross section. If, at the same time, on the natural ventilation channels of the bathroom of the apartment, as well as the kitchen, install household fans periodic action, we get ventilation system, which fully satisfies the biological needs of a person, as well as protects housing from fungal infections - a problem that one has to face in case of an illiterate attitude to ventilation. Of course, the proposed solution in winter can cause some hypothermia of certain zones in the apartment, as a result of which it has to be abandoned for a certain period of the cold season, by adjusting the degree of valve opening.

Supply and exhaust ventilation and air conditioning

If manually adjusting the valves seems cumbersome to us, we can afford to create a mechanically driven system. V ventilation unit, as a rule, completely manufactured at the factory, the air is cleaned on a filter, heated on an electric or water heater, and is distributed through the air duct system to the rooms in the quantity and with the temperature that best meets our needs. Wherein room temperature set by the user on a fairly simple device, and its maintenance is carried out automatically by means of a system of sensors and actuators connected into a single network. The disadvantage of this system is the inability to reduce the air temperature in the house during the warm season, even with the heater off, it will not be lower than the outside temperature, and often higher.

In addition to the system supply and exhaust ventilation it is possible to use independent cooling system air . The variety of these systems allows from one outdoor condensing unit to provide air cooling in three, five, and up to seven or eight rooms with a total area of ​​approximately 150 sq. M. A common misconception customers who are uninformed about air conditioning are confident that through outdoor unit split systems supply fresh air to the premises... The external condensing unit is connected to the internal unit of the split system with just copper pipes for circulating freon - a refrigerant for cooling indoor air, as well as for removing heat during condensation of freon in it.

Air conditioners

The next level of air conditioning equipment- air conditioning system with fresh air admixture, in which the supply of fresh air, its processing, including the temperature parameter (either heating or cooling) is carried out in one unit -. At the same time, the regulation of the air temperature in rooms overlooking different sides light, is carried out by means of either additional heaters (quality control) or control valves (quantitative control), of course, operating in automatic mode. It is enough to set the desired temperature on the controller, and the system will independently fulfill your wish. If necessary, it is possible to install a system for maintaining the humidity regime in the premises into the duct air conditioner.

Of course each of these systems has its own advantages and disadvantages... Installed in outer walls supply valves and household fans on the ducts will provide only the minimum required air exchange in the dwelling. In addition, this system does not regulate temperature regime in the premises. The supply and exhaust ventilation system with mechanical induction requires regular qualified maintenance, and during the cold season it consumes at least 6 kW of energy per 100 sq. m of rooms for heating air from -26oС (design temperature winter period) up to + 22oС. System central air conditioning air functions under the condition of 5-6 times air exchange in the premises, one of which provides fresh air supply, and 4-5 times circulates inside the premises. This leads to an increase in the size of the air ducts, which sometimes does not fit well with design solutions... In addition, this system significantly complicates the automation of control. The importance of proper operation of such systems increases many times over.

Choosing a ventilation and air conditioning system for your home is not an easy task and depends on many factors. It must be decided by the customer in close contact with the air conditioning professionals. Only in this case, the created systems will best meet the needs of users.