Planting coniferous trees. When to plant conifers in the garden. To grow larch you will need

Conifers in the photo

Are occurring conifers mainly from North America, Japan, China and Russia (Siberia). Harsh climate conditions biological resistance conifers trees to both lowered and high temperatures, as well as a high need for soil and air moisture, but not waterlogging. Roots with a superficial location of the root system are spruce, thuja, junipers. They also do not tolerate soil compaction around tree trunks.

A pit for planting and caring for conifers in the garden should be the same size as the root system or earthen coma.

After landing, you need abundant watering, which is carried out even on rainy days. It is needed to settle the earth around the roots. After watering, the trunk circle, which should correspond in size to the diameter of the crown, is mulched with one of the following materials: sawdust, peat, sand or simply dry earth.

Large-sized conifers aged 10-12 years can be transplanted in two periods - at the end of September and during October and March. Planting material should be packed with a lump of earth in burlap. Brought planting material it must be placed in water for two days until the coma is completely soaked. Then the lump hardens after 1-2 days, and only then the plant is planted.

Large planting pits are prepared in advance. If the soil is bad, they are covered with fertile soil. After planting, watering is necessary every 2-3 days, and spraying every day. New roots are formed in about 1.5-2 months.

Most conifers for their garden are grown by rooting cuttings, but this method is not always effective, since cuttings certain types conifers take root no more than 10-20%. As a result, planting material is expensive, especially for dwarf and weeping crops. Of course, if the summer resident wanted to plant a separate coniferous plant, for example, a dwarf form for alpine slide or decided to plant a tapeworm on the lawn, then you can spend a certain amount on the purchase of 1-2 plants. But what to do if you plan to create from conifers, because for this you need to buy dozens of seedlings? Not every family budget can afford such expenses.

Someone will say that you can prepare cuttings of the necessary crops and root them, this is partly correct. To cut the required number of cuttings, at least you need to have an adult mother plant available. To obtain seedlings of many conifers, which rooted poorly, it is necessary to prepare significantly more cuttings than necessary seedlings. In an industrial setting, rooting stimulants are used to improve rooting, which are much stronger than drugs that an amateur can buy. As a result, efficiency vegetative propagation coniferous crops among amateurs are always significantly lower than in nurseries. In addition, it must be borne in mind that there are coniferous crops, which are very difficult to propagate using cuttings.

Seedlings from seeds

But there is an inexpensive and fairly simple way for your site - this is seed propagation plants. This is considered a matter only of specialized organizations or amateur breeders, but this is completely wrong, with the help of seeds many coniferous crops can be propagated (this primarily applies to plants taken in the forest). When growing seedlings from seeds, the resulting seedlings fully reproduce the characteristics of their parents. So you can grow the required number of high-quality seedlings with minimum costs... For 2-3 years of cultivation, seedlings can be seen slight differences in the characteristics of needles, growth rate, crown structure. Sometimes the percentage of change decorative properties, changes quite significantly, which is attractive for an amateur, since it makes it possible to get many different copies, and choose the ones you like. This point is also important - when growing conifers from seeds, the plants are undemanding to growing conditions, better withstand low temperatures and are distinguished by their durability.

Sowing seeds

Coniferous seeds ripen late autumn, and what else is interesting for certain crops, for example, y, in the first year they are not yet ready for planting, but only after 1.5-2 years. Replenishing seeds after harvesting, which is used for deciduous plants, in conifers, has a negative effect. The collected cones are placed in a dry place, and seeds will gradually fall out of them. Seed germination is maintained for a long time, even if they are stored in a warm room. Harvested Seeds it is necessary to additionally prepare before sowing. They inevitably become contaminated with resin, which inhibits seed germination. It is quite easy to clean them from the resin, you just need to remove ammonia, resin from their surface. Seeds should not be stored unpeeled, the resin eventually becomes the cause of loss of germination.

In a plant such as yew, the seeds are enclosed in a fleshy and juicy seedbed, this pulp also contains substances that inhibit germination, for this reason, it is necessary to immediately cleanse it from it. To do this, carefully crush the collected fruits, wash in clean water, having laid them on a sieve, after which, having selected the seeds, they are dried, spreading them in a thin layer on paper. This must be done immediately after collection. If unpeeled seeds are stored for a long time, then the substances from the pulp will have a bad effect on the embryo. As a result, they can even completely lose their germination.

In ginkgo, the seeds germinate up to 90%, but the germination capacity of this plant is quickly lost, due to the fatty acids that are in the endosperm. The seeds of this plant must be sown immediately or stored at freezing temperatures.

After harvesting, the seeds of coniferous crops are in prolonged physiological dormancy. Temperature in summer time and the amount of rainfall during the year also affect the formation and maturity of the embryo. Summer, with frequent rains and low temperatures, like drought, has a bad effect on the maturity of the harvested seeds, for this reason they need a long period of stratification.

When should you sow conifer seeds?

The choice of the optimal sowing time depends on the following points:

1. Seedlings of coniferous crops grow slowly at first, for this reason it will be better if the seedlings appear as early as possible, no later than February. Such terms make it possible for the seedlings to grow well already in the first year, and before the onset of cold weather, they will get stronger, they can be left for wintering in the open ground in the fall.
2. Quite often, the first seedlings of conifers appear after 1-1.5 months have passed. In addition, seeds sown will germinate within 2 months.

To get seedlings of conifers at a convenient time, it is necessary to sow the seeds in March, and then remove them for stratification for 9-10 months in the cold. With this method, seedlings appear for the first time in the months of spring next year. In natural conditions, everything happens like this: the seeds that spilled out of the cones in the fall are in the ground whole year and only then germinate. It is more convenient to keep the seeds in the refrigerator on the lower shelf before sowing.

Mixes for planting seeds

It is necessary for sowing to prepare a moisture and air-permeable, light mixture without large inclusions. Sift the mixture, it is not advisable, such a soil quickly sour when wet. If there is no special soil for conifers, then I mix 1 hour of coarse sand, 2 hours of leaf sand and add 1 part of sod land to this composition. To make it easier to transplant seedlings later, it is advisable to add a little peat and small sawdust to the mixture. From mixtures, with the addition of sawdust and peat, it is very easy to get seedlings, and the roots will not be damaged, a minimum number of seedlings may die.

Acidity of the mixture for sowing seeds

When choosing a soil for sowing conifers, it is necessary to take into account, in addition to the mechanical composition, acidity. This parameter reflects the level of hydrogen ion content in the soil, acidity equal to 7.0 is considered neutral, higher values ​​indicate an alkaline environment, and lower ones indicate an acidic environment.

How to plant conifers correctly so that they take root (video)

Acidity is not directly related to plant development and growth, but it does affect availability. The bulk of the plants grows well, in areas with an acidity of 6.0-7.5 pH. When growing conifers, it is imperative to take into account the characteristics of a particular plant, and choose the most suitable soil for planting a specific species. The same applies to the requirements of crops, to soil moisture, some plants love moisture, while others will grow better in a dry area. For example, if the plant prefers poor, stony and dry soil, then the seeds should be sown in a similar soil, and the sprouts that have broken through should be watered rarely and carefully, avoiding waterlogging. If adult plant loves organic-rich soils, then for sowing seeds, it is necessary to add a moderate amount of compost to the mixture, because the roots of the seedlings cannot yet absorb a large number of nutrients.

Conifers make the garden elegant at any time of the year, create a feeling of a holiday in rainy weeks, and on winter days they remind that spring is sure to come. It is not difficult to grow conifers, if you initially plant them correctly, cook required composition land and choose a place in the garden.

Planting conifers in spring

The best time for planting conifers in the Moscow region is spring. In spring, survival rate is better, daylight hours increase, but there is still no midday heat. For planting conifers, I choose the time when the ground thaws by about two bayonets of a shovel, this is approximately the end of the second - the beginning of the third decade of May.

The sooner conifers are planted in the spring, the better and faster they will take root.

Planting conifers in summer

Planting of conifers is allowed in summer: in the first half of June, if the weather is not hot. With a later planting, when the summer has finally come into its own, there is a risk that the conifers will be very sick and will not take root.

The fact is that the first time after planting, the roots of conifers cannot provide the crown with moisture, and it begins to burn. It happens about the same as in spring, when the roots are still in ice, and the sun's rays dry up the crown, devoid of moisture.

Planting conifers in autumn and winter

Autumn planting of conifers is also possible, it is advisable to have time with it before mid-September, otherwise, in the conditions of the Moscow region, plants may not have time to take root.

From late autumn and winter planting plants, which are practiced by some firms, it is better to refuse. For conifers, it is unacceptable, in winter the rooting process does not take place, and in the spring the crown burns out from the sun, and the plants die.

Place for planting conifers

When choosing a place for planting conifers, it is necessary to take into account the lighting conditions, the composition and condition of the soils on the site, the level groundwater so that in the spring the seedlings are not blocked.

Conifers with a green crown are preferable to plant in the sun. They will feel good in partial shade.

Plants with yellow, blue and variegated needles need light partial shade. Fir is placed mainly in the shade - it is extremely susceptible to spring burning until the end of May.

Soil for planting conifers

The soil for conifers is preferable to be loose, with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction.

• Good coniferous crops are plants in peatlands.
• If you plan to plant pines, regardless of the variety and size, I try to collect a couple of bags of earth in the pine forest, collect the top layer, and mix it with the soil when planting.

For decorative conifers, which will decorate the garden for more than one year, it is better to choose specialized soil mixtures, for example, Nutritious Soil "Magic Garden" for conifers from the Buisk Chemical Plant. Prepared on the basis of high-moor peat, this land contains all the necessary stock nutrients... As a result, lush green trees - thuja, junipers, firs and pines - will take root better, will be less sick, show an enviable resistance to the vagaries of the weather, and please with healthy shiny needles.
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Preparing conifers for planting

Before planting conifers in the garden, for better rooting, I soak them in a solution of sodium humate or HB-101. I lower the plant in a bucket of solution or in a tank, depending on the volume of the pot, and leave it for half a day. During this time, the earthen lump is saturated with moisture, and the plants receive a supply of water for the rooting period.

How to plant conifers correctly

Before planting, I pull the seedling out of the container and, using a hoe or manually, tear apart the earthen lump in order to straighten the roots wrapped around it. This will allow the plant to take root faster.

In low places, planting with a drainage of at least 20 - 30 cm is required. At the bottom of the planting pit, you can put sand, expanded clay, crushed stone and cans.

When planting, I introduce humus or well-rotted compost into the soil, 1 tbsp. l. long-acting fertilizers "AVA" and the same amount of kemira, I add a bucket of sand to the plant. After placing in the planting hole, I water the seedling with the solution in which it was soaked, and when the liquid is absorbed, I fill it with the prepared soil mixture.

As soon as the seedling is planted, I make a roller out of the ground, stepping back 0.5 m from the crown, or wrap it with a ready-made ribbon - a border, so that later it will be more convenient to water and mulch. I also put pegs around the plant and cover light cloth to protect the crown of an unrooted seedling from the sun. I do not use non-woven fabric - it perfectly lets the sun through.

Coniferous planting scheme

As for the planting scheme, this is a rather insidious moment when placing conifers in the garden. Even dwarf conifers manage to grow more than the stated size.

When planning plantings with dwarf conifers, you need to leave at least 1.5-2 m between plants. The crowns will grow and close faster than it seems, and soon you will have to decide on a transplant.

When, after 6-7 years, the crowns of conifers creep on top of each other, the question of transplanting arises, by this time the plants are already large, and the transplantation process is not always painless for them. It is no longer possible to leave them without transplanting, the branches growing on top of each other create an unsightly picture, the view of the coniferous garden becomes untidy.

If in the early years the voids between conifers are confused, they can be filled with dwarf carnations, bells, spring bulbs, various ground cover, and just decorate interesting stones and other decor items. Conifers grow quickly and soon nothing will remind you of the voids among them.

With an effort of will, you should maintain a distance and when planting rooted coniferous cuttings, adult plants will need at least 2-3 m between each other. The free space can also be covered with perennials or flowering annuals.

Caring for conifers after planting

After planting, conifers require special attention to themselves - this is the most important time in their lives. In hot weather, seedlings are watered every other day, I moisten the plants from a watering can with a strainer, water not only under the root, but also the crown to create additional moisture. After watering, I check to see if the roots have washed out with water.

When planting adult seedlings, I spend on a watering can per plant every two days, especially if the planting fell on hot days.

I remove the sun protection from the conifers two weeks after planting, choosing cloudy weather for this. In the evenings on hot days, be sure to moisten the crown of conifers with water, use a garden hose with a sprayer or a sprayer.

In the first year of planting, I do not feed the plants, in the second year I only mulch with compost in the spring and at the end of August I water it with a superphosphate solution for high-quality maturation of the growth.

In the first winter after planting, I am without exception. I put a frame of blocks in the form of a hut around the plant and wrap it in burlap, fix it with ropes on top. Such a shelter will save from frost and sun rays will protect. I mulch the trunk circle with earth.

Planting coniferous seeds

Conifers and seeds are planted, they do it in March or before winter, in October.

For the spring sowing of conifers, I prepare the soil in the fall, take one part of the compost, sand and garden soil, sift it, pour it into a plastic bag and leave it in the garden to freeze. At the end of November, when I come to visit the shelters, I also take the prepared land.

In March, I take out a low plastic box, put it on a pallet, fill it with soil, sprinkle it on top with a 2-3 cm layer of sand, spill it with a solution of phytosporin and spread out the seeds of conifers, sprinkle it with 1 cm of sand, and then with a small layer of earth and moisten it from a spray bottle. I place the seeds 5 cm apart, then thin them out and leave the strongest ones with a distance of 10 cm.

I insert the pallet with the box into the bag and put it in a warm place until shoots appear. I try not to keep seedlings in apartment conditions for a long time, I put them on glazed balcony... If you do not allow subzero temperatures, the plants will grow strong and strong. I place a box with seedlings in the garden as soon as the threat of frost passes, towards the end of May. I prepare a hole in the garden bed according to the size and height of the box and carefully move the box from the pallet into it. In the conditions of the Moscow region, relocate grown coniferous seedlings to permanent places can be in the third spring. There is no need to delay the transplant, otherwise the conifers will hurt.

It is possible to sow conifers before winter, for this I dig in a box at the level of a bed with nutrient soil, I do this at the end of September, and cover it with a piece of plywood, for example. After the onset of small daytime frosts, in the Moscow region, they usually fall in the second half of October, I remove the plywood and sow conifers, sprinkle with pre-prepared soil. In the spring, I examine the seedlings and thin them out, because they have to grow in a box for two years before moving to the place in the garden allotted for them.

Conifers are very popular in garden design... Growing them is not difficult if you initially adhere to all the rules for planting and caring. To obtain attractive compositions from healthy plants, we recommend planting in the fall.

It is this time of the year that is most suitable for planting conifers, because during this period all life processes slow down and they no longer work as actively as in spring, so the plant will spend its energy only on rooting.

What is the time frame for planting?

Conifers are planted both in spring and autumn. In the spring, you need to have time to plant the plants before the onset of the heat - the heat has an extremely negative effect on the plants. In this regard, the autumn planting is much more advantageous - there is much more ideal time for rooting. We advise you not to delay - from September to November the most convenient and optimal period when the conifers fully take root.

Attention! Be sure to take into account the peculiarities of the local climate and follow general recommendations for all regions - planting at a daytime temperature of at least + 5 + 10 C, 2-3 weeks before the onset of subzero temperatures.

How to choose the right landing site?

The place is chosen taking into account the needs of a coniferous plant for light:

• light-loving - cryptomeria, juniper, larch, blue spruce;
• able to grow in partial shade - thuja, pine, yew;
• shade-loving - cypress, green spruce, hemlock.

Be sure to pay attention to the composition of the soil and the water table. The soil should be granular, with an acid reaction for most plants (peat-based soil is optimal), without flooding - the root system is sensitive to dampness. Improper soil acidity will affect the growth and development of conifers, often leading to even yellowing and shedding of the needles. Yew, black pine and Cossack juniper grow well on alkaline, sandy and breathable soil.

How to prepare ephedra for planting?

We recommend that you do not immediately plant the seedlings in the prepared hole. For better survival, the roots of the plant must be soaked in a solution such as HB-101 or sodium humate. The seedlings are lowered into a container larger than an earthen coma for 10-12 hours. During this time, the roots are sufficiently saturated with moisture, which is enough for winter period rooting.

How to prepare a landing pit?

1. Calculate the size of the pit. To do this, you need to measure the diameter of the earthen clod of the seedling, multiply the resulting figure by 3. The resulting sum is the diameter of the hole.
2. Make markings along the border and remove the top sod layer, it will not be needed in the future.
3. Calculate the depth and dig a planting hole. It should not be too deep - the height of the earthen coma to the root collar, plus 10-15 cm per drainage layer.
4. Lay the bottom of the pit with expanded clay or broken brick, and lay a layer of soil mixture on top.
5. Place the seedling prepared for planting, along with an earthen clod, in the center of the hole, see that the root collar is flush with the soil surface.
6. Fill the hole, form a side around the perimeter and fill the circle with water.
7. After the water is completely absorbed, mulch the surface with a thick layer trunk circle... Fallen needles are ideal as mulch.

Important! When planting, be sure to take into account the distance between the seedlings. Do not forget that conifers are future tall trees, the distance between them should be at least 2-3 m. Between dwarf species - 1.5-2 m, creeping - from 0.5 to 1.5 m.

What soil mixture is suitable for planting conifers?

All conifers have different requirements for the composition of the soil. It is not necessary to buy special soil for conifers; you can prepare it yourself.

1. Spruce, pine, - sod (leaf) land, peat and sand in proportions of 2: 1: 1.
2. Larch - earth, peat, sand in a ratio of 3: 2: 1.
3. - humus, leaf soil, sand, peat - 3: 2: 2: 1.
4. - turf land, peat and sand in proportions 1: 2: 1.
5. Fir - leafy earth, clay, peat, sand - 3: 2: 1: 1.
6. Yew - sod land, sand and peat in a ratio of 3: 2: 2.

How to care for conifers after planting?

It doesn't end with one landing.

After rooting, it is necessary to provide proper care - systematic watering at the root, spraying the crown, sheltering the seedlings with burlap from the sun.

In the first year after planting, it is not necessary to feed the plants, a mulching layer will be enough. For the winter, conifers are insulated. It is good to install the frame in the form of a hut and wrap it with a covering material; for fidelity, the structure can be fixed with ropes.

Avoid landing mistakes!

1. Young seedlings (up to 4 years old) do not need fertilizers when planting. Older specimens will need them.
2. It is impossible to violate the earthen lump, most conifers are mycorrhizal, they live in symbiosis with mushrooms that are in an earthen coma.
3. Wrong landing pit harms survival rate - the landing site should be spacious, calculated according to the formula indicated above.
4. Excessive deepening of the root collar - in no case should this be allowed, be sure to free the trunk from the ground to the required level.
5. Don't ignore individual requirements conifers, follow the planting recommendations exactly.

Conifers will not please or, but they will bring no less benefit. Juicy needles will decorate the site at any time of the year, and the content of phytoncides will purify the air. Take into account our tips and tricks, and the autumn planting of conifers will not take you long. We wish you success and a healthy life for your plants!

Conifers are decorative and easy to care for. At least spruce, pine or juniper, for their unpretentiousness, are considered inhabitants of a "lazy" garden. Therefore, if you are going to buy conifers, then this is an excellent solution for quickly landscaping your landscape. And conifers and bushes can become a real decoration of your garden almost immediately after planting, especially if you plant an adult plant. But young conifers are also very suitable for express landscaping. In addition, decorative conifers can be planted even in winter! But they have one feature. Mistakes made during relocation make themselves felt only 3-6 months after the autumn transplant, or 1-2 months after the spring one. Therefore, the process of planting conifers in the garden is extremely important. Please read this article to get it going as it should.

When can you plant conifers

Unlike most hardwoods and ornamental shrubs, conifers can be planted practically all year round... In this case, as a rule, young seedlings are planted in the spring - up to three years. Winter is the perfect time to relocate adults. conifers and bushes.

Features of spring transplant

When to plant conifers in the garden in spring? The question is very important, because the calendar spring is three whole months with very different weather conditions. Fulfill spring planting conifers and bushes are needed as soon as the ground has melted enough to do so. That is early-early spring, almost immediately after the first thaw.

Young roots of conifers begin to grow at a soil temperature of + 3 degrees. And they are not afraid of possible frosts. If you did not have time with the transplant before the active growth of the aerial part of conifers begins, it is better to wait with this until autumn.

Important! During the period of bud growth, decorative conifers cannot be transplanted!

What conifers can be planted in summer

In summer, conifers can be planted, but only those that have a closed root system, that is, they are sold in pots. But there is one unpleasant moment that can negate all good intentions.

The fact is that, as a rule, we cannot be completely sure whether the seller transplanted a coniferous plant into a pot from open ground before selling it to us as a container crop.

If such a phenomenon has taken place, there is practically no chance that the ephedra transplanted in the summer will take root in a new place. Even if the plant looks healthy when you buy it, and you create very attractive conditions for its growth.

That is why experienced gardeners it is not advised to plant container conifers purchased from unverified sellers in the summer. These plants are more likely to be planted in spring or fall.

Autumn planting of conifers

Gardeners' advice on when to plant conifers in the fall fell into two camps:

Some believe that it is better to plant conifers in the fall in late August - early September, when the roots of the plant are actively growing. This ensures its success.

Others argue that the best time for the autumn transplantation of decorative conifers and bushes - it's time when they just fell into hibernation. In our climatic conditions- this is usually November.

Important! During the period when the plant is preparing for hibernation (up to three weeks), it cannot be transplanted. At this time, difficult chemical processes, which is not worth interfering with.

Features of winter transplant of conifers

In winter, you can transplant any conifers. Winter, oddly enough, is the ideal period for this. But it is better to plant large adult plants only in winter! In general, “aged” ornamental conifers are considered very capricious to transplant. But the survival rate in new conditions with a winter transplant is close to 100%.

The article was prepared based on the materials of the site http://evasad.com/katalog.html of the plant nursery "EvaSad".

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