OPK regional tour. St. Tikhon University holds the XI All-Russian Olympiad "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture

With the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia

with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Russian Union of Rectors, the Russian Council of Olympiads for Schoolchildren, the Department of Religious Education and Catechesis of the Russian Orthodox Church, the META Education Foundation, the St. Basil the Great Foundation

Orthodox St. Tikhon University for the Humanities

Olympiad on the Foundations of Orthodox Culture:

"Holy Russia, keep the Orthodox faith!"

School tour,IVclasses, 2015– 2016 academic year

Read the text and complete the assignments. Time to complete the work is 30 minutes.

Athos (or simply Holy Mountain) is the world's largest center for male Orthodox monasticism, located in the northeastern part of Greece on the peninsula of the same name (part of a larger peninsula called Halkidiki) washed by the waters of the Aegean Sea. According to legend, Christianity on Mount Athos was preached by Herself Holy Mother of God, who took this land as an “inheritance” - a place of Her special care. From the very beginning of the history of the monasticism of Athos, women were prohibited from entering the peninsula.

There is no reliable information about the time of the appearance of the first monks on Athos. The first known Athonite ascetic was the Monk Peter (beginning of the 9th century), who led a hermit life, like most of the Athonite monks of that time. By the end of the 10th century, cenobitic monasticism already prevailed on Athos. The Monk Athanasius of Athos laid the foundation for it. He established a monastery, later called the Great Lavra, and which became the main Athonite monastery.

Many traditions of monasticism were brought to the Russian land from Athos. The founder of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery, the Monk Anthony, took monastic vows at the Athonite monastery of Esphigmen. The abbot of this monastery received a revelation from God that St. Anthony will gather a great host of monastics in Russia, so he said: “Anthony! Go back to the Russian land - let those who live there through you prosper and be established in the Christian faith; May the blessing of the Holy Mountain be with you! " Venerable Anthony returned to Kiev and settled in a cave, where disciples began to gather around him and a great monastery grew up, which became the "cradle of Russian monasticism."

The first written evidence of the existence of a Russian monastery on the Holy Mountain dates back to 1016. This year is dated one of the documents of the Great Lavra, which bears the signatures of all the abbots, including the abbot of the Russian monastery: "Gerasim is a monk, by the grace of God, the presbyter and abbot of the Rosov monastery, testifying, signed with his own hand."

This Russian monastery was called Xilurgu (which means "Drevodel" or "Carpenter"). The name is probably due to the fact that Russian monks built their first temples from wood, in contrast to the Greeks, who preferred stone. The cathedral church of this monastery was consecrated in honor of the Dormition of the Mother of God. It dates from the beginning of the 11th century; it is one of the most ancient temples on the Holy Mountain.

When the number of monks in Xilurgu increased, the Russian monastery moved to a new location: in 1169, the monastery in honor of St. Panteleimon, located high in the mountains, became the main Russian monastery on Athos. Now this monastery is known as Nagorny or Old Rusik.

Constant raids on Athos by various conquerors mercilessly ruined it. Monasteries were often threatened by another disaster - fires. In one of the strong fires of the 13th century, all the property of Old Rusik and manuscripts telling about the early period of its history burned down. The restoration of the monastery was helped by the Byzantine emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus, who in 1312 secured the rights of the Russian monastery to land in Thessaloniki and on the Halkidiki peninsula.

In subsequent times, the Russian Athonite monastery either gained strength again or fell into desolation. But even in difficult times for Russia and Athos itself, the Holy Mountain was visited by Russian monks, who received invaluable lessons of asceticism here. The Monk Nil of Sorsk (1433–1508), following the Athonite tradition, founded a type of monastery, a new type of monastery for Russia, and drew up a special "Statute on the residence of the skete." The principles of Svyatogorsk asceticism were preached by the monk of the Athos Vatopedi monastery, the Monk Maxim the Greek (1470-1556), who came to Russia.

The gradual revival of the Russian St. Panteleimon monastery on Mount Athos began in the first half of the 19th century. By this time, the monastery was already in a new place - in coastal zone... The spiritual revival of Rusik is associated with the labors of Elder Gerasim of Athos, who became abbot in 1832 and established ties between the monastery and Russia. Since 1830, after Russia won the war with Turkey and Turkish troops liberated Athos, Russians again began to freely come to the Holy Mountain and take monasticism.

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were about two thousand monks in the St. Panteleimon Monastery and its sketes (Ksilurgu, Old Rusik, etc.). The monastery courtyards were established in Constantinople, Thessaloniki, Odessa and Moscow (the first Athos chapel was built in 1873 at the Epiphany Monastery on Nikolskaya Street). In 1875, the New Athos Simon-Kananitsky monastery was formed by the Athos people in Abkhazia.

In 2016, Athos will host celebrations in honor of the 1000th anniversary of the Russian presence on the Holy Mountain.

Based on materials from the site "Russian Athos"http://afonit.info

Work performed by __________________________________________ Class ________________

Task 1. Write a definition.

1.1. - the name of the first monastery in Kievan Rus.

1.2. - the abbot of the monastery.

1.3. - a monk leading a secluded lifestyle.

Task 2. Answer the questions.

Task 3. Set the correspondences (enter the letters corresponding to the numbers in the table on the right)

The main theme of each school year associated with the anniversaries of the calendar year in which the school year ends. The main theme coincides (in whole or in part) with the theme of the next Christmas readings and is approved after the official announcement of the theme of the readings.
In addition to the main topic, the tasks of each year are related to a local topic that has a geographic characteristic. A geographically limited topic allows you to get to know more about the history, persons, artistic and literary monuments of the selected region.
Themes for 2016/2017 were finalized on May 6, 2016.
Themes for fall 2017 and beyond are approximate; subsequently, it is possible for the Olympiad methodologists to make adjustments and additions.

2016/2017 academic year
MAIN THEME:
"Leaving Russia": Russian culture in the face of persecution
2017 marks the 100th anniversary of the Local Council of the Russian Church, which restored the Patriarchate. The cathedral was held in 1917/1918, which provides a special basis for dedicating the 2017/2018 academic year, first of all, to the memory of this historic cathedral, its participants and contemporaries. Some of the participants in the Council are glorified among the new martyrs and confessors. These are people brought up during the Synodal period; their lives, cultural and intellectual values ​​and worldview are worth exploring.
Anniversaries related to the theme:
Crash Russian Empire(February and October coups) - 2017
Restoration of the Patriarchate in the Russian Church - 2017

LOCAL THEME:
"Russian Presence in the Holy Land"
The theme is timed to coincide with the anniversaries of 2017:
200th anniversary of the birth of Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin; 1817-1894) - the most famous head of the spiritual mission in Jerusalem, an outstanding pastor, Byzantine scholar, head of the Russian spiritual mission in Jerusalem, during which her activities reached their peak in the pre-revolutionary period.
170th anniversary of the founding of the Russian mission in Jerusalem (1847)

2017/2018 academic year

MAIN THEME:
"Feat the last Romanovs»
The topic, first of all, is connected with the main - tragic - anniversary of 2018: murder Royal family and the Grand Dukes, who became a symbol of Orthodox Russia, which was cruelly dealt with by the new government. This page in the life of the last Romanovs and people associated with them is characterized by the words "passion-suffering" and "martyrdom". But, in addition to attention to the last Christian feat they accomplished, the topic implies the study of the “feat of everyday life” - attention to those years of the royal family's life that preceded the persecution, the study of the spiritual baggage and experience of social service with which the representatives of the royal house approached the era of persecution.
Anniversary:
in 2018, the 150th anniversary of the birth of St. imp. Nicholas II
2018 is the centenary of the death of the Royal family, book. Elizabeth Feodorovna and other great dukes

LOCAL THEME:
"Tsar's Crimea" (Crimea under the Romanovs)
Crimea was the favorite place of stay of the last royal family. It was there that they wanted to spend the rest of the days after the overthrow of the monarchy. The rich and, as usual, difficult history of the peninsula was embellished with this deep affection of the royal house. The theme allows us to make an absentee journey to the Tsar's Crimea and try to understand what exactly aroused the Tsar's sympathy and what Crimea itself inherited from the tsars who loved it.

2018/2019 academic year
MAIN THEME:
"Speculation in stone": stone church architecture of Ancient Russia
The topic draws attention to the history of the emergence of temples and monasteries in the period stone construction, their architecture, initiators and architects, the system of painting, as well as memories of temples, the reflection of the images and fate of these temples in painting and literature.
Anniversaries:
In 2019 - 540 years since the completion of the construction of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin (1479)
2019 - 1030 years since the beginning of the construction of the first famous stone temple ancient Russia- Church of the Tithes (989)
In 2018 - 1030 years of the Baptism of Rus.

LOCAL THEME:
“The Slavic world in the era of Sts. Cyril and Methodius "
dates 2019:
1250 years since the death of Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril, one of the brothers (869)
800th anniversary of the receipt of autocephaly by the Serbian Orthodox Church (1219)
1100 years of the proclamation of the autocephaly of the Bulgarian Church (919)
The topic allows you to delve into the mission of the holy brothers, to better understand their feat, to consider the fruits of the mission in the Slavic countries - first of all, in Bulgaria and Serbia, in which their works contributed to the final establishment of Christianity. The topic allows you to see the cultural ties of Russia with other Slavic countries and the significance of the mission for the spread and consolidation of the Christian faith on Russian soil.

2019/2020 academic year

MAIN THEME:
"The era of St. Alexander Nevsky"
Anniversary:
in 2020 - the 800th anniversary of the birth of St. Prince Alexander Nevsky
The approximate content of the topic: military exploit (of the prince himself and in general), defense of the faith, saints and unholy contemporaries of the prince from princes, laity and clergy; princely family; veneration and temples associated with his name.

LOCAL THEME (two options):
I. "Solovki: past and present"
Anniversary:
in 2020 - the 300th anniversary of the repose of St. Job of Anzersky.
The topic is connected with the new martyrs and, in general, the host of those who suffered for Christ on the archipelago: St. Job was from Mother of God revelation that Solovki will become the Russian Golgotha. But the history of the monastery is interesting even before the terrible twentieth century.

II. "Orthodoxy in America"
The American Orthodox Church is a daughter Church for the Russian. The theme of the year includes the following aspects: the history of the American mission, the emergence and spread of Orthodoxy in America, the feat of Russian missionaries and saints, Russian monasteries in America, etc.
Anniversary dates:
in 2020 - the 50th anniversary of the autocephaly of the American Orthodox Church (1970).
2019 marks the 225th anniversary of the appearance of the first Russian missionaries in Alaska (1794), St. Herman of Alaska.

2020/2021 academic year

MAIN THEME:
"Russian school in modern times (from Peter the Great to 1917)"
Anniversary:
2021 marks the 300th anniversary of the establishment of the Slavic School under Peter I at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery.
The topic allows you to get acquainted with the types of schools and ways of obtaining education in the XVIII-XIX centuries, the duration, stages and quality of education, the level of knowledge of graduates, the system of teacher training. Related to the topic general question about the attitude of Christians to education.

LOCAL THEME:
"Orthodoxy in Japan"
Anniversary:
2021 marks the 160th anniversary of the arrival in Japan in 1869 of the Russian missionary Archimandrite Nikolai (Kasatkin).
And the second date of 2021: 120 years from the date of the publication of the complete translation of the New Testament into Japanese language prepared by St. Nikolay (1901).

In accordance with the Regulations on the All-Russian Olympiad for Schoolchildren "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" and the schedule of subject Olympiads organized by the Orthodox St. Tikhvin humanities university in 2017–2018 academic year G., from 01 September to 10 November 2017 the school stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" (hereinafter - OPK) is taking place.

The recommended timing of the municipal stage is from November 15 to December 15, 2017 (specific dates and locations will be approved by order of the education department). The recommended timeline for the regional (final) stage is February 16-18, 2018.

To conduct the school stage in the educational organization, an organizer is appointed - a teacher who is responsible for registering schoolchildren on the website opk.pravolimp.ru, receiving assignments and publishing the results. To receive assignments for the school stage, the organizer must submit an application on the website opk.pravolimp.ru, print out the assignment forms a day before the scheduled date of the school stage of the Olympiad. Checking the completed tasks is carried out no later than two days after the date of the Olympiad.

Students of grades 4-11 take part in the school stage of the OPK Olympiad. On municipal stage Olympiads are allowed only for those students who are listed in the rating tables of the school stage on the website opk.pravolimp.ru and become winners and prize-winners of the school stage.

The educational organization independently sets the dates for the school stage of the Olympiad during from 01 September to 10 November.

All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren "OPK" in 2017-2018 academic year year is held on the following topics:

MAIN THEME:

• “Teach me, O God, to love You with my whole mind, with all my thoughts ...: the spiritual poetry of K.R. and Count A.K. Tolstoy "

The spiritual poetry of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov (K.R.) and Count Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy is not only a pearl of Russian literature, but also a shining example perception of the world in the tradition of the Holy Tradition of the Church. Each of them was not only a talented poet, but also a unique personality, life path which today is an example of service to the beloved work and the Fatherland.

• Anniversary:

On April 12, at the Orthodox St. Tikhon's Theological University, a federal round of the second All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren on the foundations of Orthodox culture is taking place.

Here are some of the questions and tasks of the Olympiad:

1. This holiday arose in Russia as early as the 17th century, but began to be solemnly celebrated only from the 20th century. The local cathedral 1917-1918 decided to celebrate it exactly one week after all saints day(i.e. on the 2nd Sunday after Pentecost). In 1941 this holiday coincided with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
2. In what year was the first subway line put into operation in the USSR, and was the New Year tree allowed?
3. The Psalter, a book written by the king and prophet David, begins with the words “ Blessed is the husband, who does not go to the advice of the wicked... ". And with what words does it end?
4. This pious girl married the Byzantine emperor Theophilus, who was a staunch iconoclast. After the death of her husband, she had to rule the whole empire until her son Mikhail grew up. During her reign, a number of military victories were won, the state treasury was replenished, and most importantly, a church cathedral was assembled, which restored icon veneration in the empire. In memory of this event, a special holiday was established.
5. Who is this saint and what is the name of the holiday?
6. What does the word have in common metamorphosis with the name of one of the twelve great holidays?
7. In the novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky, Semyon Marmeladov, when meeting with Rodion Raskolnikov, exclaims: "Behold a man!" Where does this phrase come from and who does it belong to?
8. Indicate in brackets Orthodox holiday, on the day of the celebration of which there were events related to the Great Patriotic War(you only need to indicate the number under which the holiday is written).

9. Before you is a fragment of "Words on the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Rus", compiled by the great devotee of the twentieth century, Archimandrite John (Krestyankin). April 11, marks the 100th anniversary of his birth. What newly-glorified saints are we talking about?

“Now, in the jubilee year, the Lord has given Russia new intercessors, filled with God's grace. At different times they lived and different roads walked along the path of God to the Kingdom of Heaven, but their hearts burned so brightly with love for God that this light did not fade away in time, but reached us and now it shines for us on our way to God ...

Now, at the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Rus ... His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Pimen exclaimed:

The blessed Grand Duke of Moscow ________________________________ (1350-1389), who showed the feat of a righteous and pious life ... who gave his soul for his friends (John 15:13). He defended the faith of Christ, founded many monasteries, built churches and donated to the poor.

Reverend ___________________________________ (1360 - 1st half. XVc.), a fasting and ascetic, a famous icon painter, theologian, who completely expressed the dogma of the Triune God in his icon _______________________.

Monk _________________________________ (1470-1556), a locally revered saint of Radonezh, miracle worker, ascetic monk and teacher of monastic life. As a spiritual teacher, he deepened the patristic tradition.

Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia ____________________________ (1482-1563), who showed the feat of a virtuous and fasting life, for which he was honored with the gift of clairvoyance and miracles. His church activity is marked by the struggle against heresies, as well as the collection of the spiritual treasures of the Russian Church.

Schiarchimandrite ___________________ (__________________________) (1722-1794). He revived the school of old age in Russia.

Blessed _________________________________________________ (XVIII- early.XIXc.) She carried the feats of love for neighbors throughout her long-suffering life, received the love of God in the gift of clairvoyance and miracles and human love, which has not faded away for the second century.

Bishop _________________________ (_________________________) (1807-1867), an ascetic of piety, teacher of Christian life and spiritual writer.

Hieroschemamonk _____________________________________ (1812-1891) - elder, shepherd and preacher, maker of love for God through people.

Bishop ________________________________________________ (1815-1894). He showed the height and holiness of life, preserving Orthodox purity and enlightenment of God in his fruitful service to the Church. "

We will ask the Lord for blessings, and from all Russian saints - prayers for the entry into the second millennium, so that their prayers do not become scarce in Russia Orthodox faith in all purity, so that neither we nor our descendants of God's commandments and covenants forget. And we will also thank the Lord for the millennium that has gone into eternity.

Our God, glory to Thee for everything and for everything forever and ever! Amen".

10. Describe the first photo: what was captured on it, in what time interval could it have been taken? What connects these two images?