Day of Ground Forces. Marine Corps Day - a holiday of the elite military forces of Russia

Based on the decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces Russian Federation"dated May 31, 2006.

The ground forces of the Russian Armed Forces lead their history from the princely squads Kievan Rus... The struggle to overcome feudal fragmentation, the formation of a centralized state and the elimination of foreign oppression led to an increase in the size of the army, and the strengthening of the economic and economic way of life created the conditions for the first military reforms in Russia, which were actively pursued by Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible).

On October 1 (October 11 according to the new style), 1550, a historically crucial event took place in the construction and development of the regular Russian army. On this day, Tsar Ivan the Terrible signed one of the first documents directly related to the ground forces - the decree "On the placement in Moscow and surrounding districts of a select thousand service people", which, in fact, laid the foundations of the first permanent army, which had signs of a regular army. In accordance with the tsarist decree, "fire infantry" (rifle regiments) and a permanent guard service were created, and the "outfit" of artillery was allocated to an independent branch of the military. In addition, Ivan the Terrible organized the system of manning the local troops, established permanent service in peacetime and wartime, organized the centralized control of the army and its supply.

The next an important milestone in the development of the ground forces was the period of the reign of Peter I. In November 1699, the tsar issued a decree "On the admission of soldiers from free people to the service." From then on, the recruiting principle of the formation of the army began to operate, and after the end of the Northern War of 1700-1721, a regular army appeared in Russia.

However, the Ministry of the Army was created only during the reign of Alexander I. On September 20 (September 8 according to the old style), 1802, the tsar issued a manifesto "On the Establishment of Ministries", on the basis of which ministries were created instead of collegia, including the Ministry of Military ground forces.

The reform of the army was continued by Alexander II, who reorganized its structure, methods of manning, organization and armament of troops, as well as the system of training military personnel. In addition, instead of recruiting for the army, general conscription was introduced.

From the second half of the 19th century, qualitative changes began to take place in the ground forces. The technical component has acquired great importance. Engineering, aeronautical and railway units of the ground forces were actively developing. In addition, new special troops appeared - chemical and biological protection. However, wars and revolutions at the beginning of the 20th century led to the actual destruction of the old Russian army.

After the revolution of 1917, a new Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army was created in Russia, the basis of which was also ground troops, which included various types of troops (rifle, cavalry, artillery, armored forces) and special troops (engineering, communications, automobile, chemical, etc. ).

The ground forces received further development in the course of the military reform of 1924-1925.

The ground forces played a decisive role in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, since the main battles took place on land. During the war, their numbers almost doubled. The increase in their fire and strike power, maneuverability and combat effectiveness was based on the introduction of new, more effective systems weapons and military equipment.

After the end of the war, the Land Forces were officially registered as a branch of the Armed Forces of the USSR. On March 23, 1946, by order of the Chief of the General Staff of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union Alexander Vasilevsky, issued on the basis of a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated February 25, 1946, a command body was formed - the High Command of the Ground Forces. The first commander-in-chief of the Ground Forces was Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov, who was also the Deputy People's Commissar for the Ground Forces of the USSR Armed Forces.

New large-scale changes took place in the Russian army after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The process of reforming the Ground Forces began in order to bring them into line with the changed military-political conditions and economic capabilities of the state.

Since 2009, within the framework of giving the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation a new look, significant structural transformations have taken place in the Ground Forces. The main tactical formation of the Ground Forces was permanent readiness brigades, formed instead of cumbersome and difficult to control divisions.

Modern Ground Forces are the most numerous and diverse in terms of armament and methods of combat operations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, designed to repel enemy aggression in continental theaters of military operations, to protect the territorial integrity and national interests of the Russian Federation.

The ground forces include motorized rifle troops, tank troops, rocket troops and artillery, troops air defense which are the branches of the armed forces; special troops and units (reconnaissance formations and military units; engineering troops; troops of radiation, chemical and biological protection; Signal Corps); as well as logistics divisions.

Organizationally, they consist of combined arms armies (operational commands), motorized rifle (including mountain), tank, airborne assault brigades, cover brigades, military bases, machine-gun and artillery divisions, training centers, formations and units of missile and artillery troops, anti-aircraft defense, special forces and some other organizations and institutions.

Combinations and formations of the Ground Forces are part of four military districts (united strategic commands) and form the basis of groupings of troops (forces) in strategic directions.

Modern Ground Forces of the Russian Federation are equipped with T-72, T-80, T-90 tanks and their modifications, multiple launch rocket systems Grad (BM-21), Uragan, Smerch, Khrizantema-S missile systems, "Fagot", "Tochka-U", self-propelled anti-tank complexes "Shturm-S", self-propelled anti-tank missile systems "Konkurs", self-propelled mortars "Tulip", anti-aircraft missile systems "Tor-M1" and "S-300V", anti-aircraft missiles complexes "Buk-M1", "OSA-AKM", "Strela-10M3", "Tor-M2U", anti-aircraft gun-missile systems "Tunguska-M", anti-aircraft artillery systems "Shilka" and other military equipment.

Currently, a systematic comprehensive re-equipment of the Ground Forces with modern weapons is underway as part of the implementation of the State Armament Program until 2020. In parallel, a complex of research and development work is underway to create promising weapons and military equipment.

In 2012-2017, within the framework of the current State armament program, more than 10 thousand units of modern weapons, military and special equipment were delivered to the Ground Forces, which allowed modern weapons three times compared to 2012, almost 45% (44.7 % from 15%).

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

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The Russian Marine Corps celebrates its professional holiday on 27November. And they began to do this relatively recently - only with 1995th. The date, of course, is not accidental - it was on this day that Peter I signed a decree on the creation of Russia's first "regiment of sea soldiers" - the prototype of modern marines.

Photo: Izvestia / Alexander Kazakov

The modern marines are the elite fighters of the Russian armed forces, functioning as part of the Navy. These servicemen are seriously trained, stern, modest and ready for protracted and extremely difficult situations. In theory, the marines, as part of the amphibious assault, defend objects located near the water, and, if necessary, also take part in the seizure of coastal territories on which the enemy is located. We can say that the Russian marines are capable of occupying entire islands, freeing them from enemy forces. In 2018, groupings of black berets operate as part of all Russian fleets: the Black, Baltic, Northern and Pacific, as well as the Caspian flotilla.

Black berets

Black beret marines- nothing more than a symbol of courage and courage, an attribute of exceptional troops. Of course, whoever just can't put on a black beret - it still needs to be earned, to prove that he is ready to defend the honor of his homeland as part of an elite unit. The exam is extremely difficult - in the process of passing it, most of the nominees do not pass. For example, those wishing to become Marines must make a three-day march, where most of the way is water. The command values ​​dedication, the will to win, and teamwork when completing this challenge.

The second stage is an obstacle course. Of course, it is complicated, with elements of a gas and smoke attack, with a lot of walls, holes and swamps. Units cope. But those who pass further, one might say, can practically do anything - shoot, fight, attack and defend.

One might get the impression that the marines are capable of feats exclusively on the water. This is not so - black berets are like universal soldiers, they fight on land, water and even land from the air. Their weapons are amphibious military equipment, automatic small arms, anti-aircraft and anti-tank systems.

In the conditions of hostilities, the Marines are dropped from the air almost into the epicenter of the battle, therefore, these soldiers can fight a part even when they approach the ground, by parachute. If the landing takes place at a distance from the battle line, the black berets can disassemble the mine-explosive barriers installed by the enemy and replace them with their own.

Marines distinguished themselves in the Battle of Borodino, Crimean war, sparing no effort, fought against Hitler's troops during the Great Patriotic War, fought in Syria, Afghanistan and other countries - at the invitation of the governments of these states. And during all this time they never once allowed to doubt their professional suitability. Since the 60s, marine units have participated in at least three dozen military operations, including in Yemen, Somalia, at the 55th point off the coast of Cyprus, in Lebanon and Dagestan.

Photo: globallookpress.com

"Sea soldiers" of Peter the Great

It is worth noting that Peter I, in the process of organizing a regiment of naval soldiers, had a clear goal - he planned to provide Russia with access to the Baltic Sea during the Northern War. And to do this so that no one even thinks of trying to deprive the country of this most important corridor. And there were those who wanted to - the Swedish army by that time had taken extremely successful positions for them in the regions of Ladoga and Peipsi lakes. Attacking the enemy from the ground was extremely dangerous, the operation was doomed to failure. Russia had little experience in water battles at that time, but Peter's infantrymen coped with it.

The first marine regiment, created as part of the Baltic Fleet, consisted of only two battalions of five companies in each. These are 445 officers, 70 non-commissioned officers and 1250 privates. The fighters had the skills hand-to-hand combat, they were given guns with prototypes of the bayonet - baguettes, hatchets and sabers, and prepared for extremely harsh conditions. The Marines, when entering the battle, were supposed to first fire at the crew of enemy ships, and when the ships approached, they were supposed to attack.

Victories under the St. Andrew's flag

Traditionally, the Marines are the first to enter the battle. They often finish it, no reinforcements are required. For example, during the Patriotic War of 1812-1814, it was the Russian naval flag - the Andreevsky one, installed by one of the Marines who celebrated the victory there - a soldier of the Marine Guards Crew, was the first to rise over liberated Paris.

Andreevsky flag. Photo: Mil.ru

A white flag with two blue stripes also towered over Constantinople, when the sea guards in the Danube flotilla triumphantly entered the city exhausted by the Russian-Turkish war of 1877.

Marines during the Second World War

For a long time, the Russian marines were not needed, but by the 40s of the 20th century, the need for fighters who were equally strong on land, water and in the air arose again. The first separate marine brigade was created on the basis of the Baltic Fleet. The team consists of graduates of Russian military schools who have not yet shown themselves in battles, as well as their more experienced colleagues who have undergone retraining. Initially, the plans of the command were to create such units in all Russian fleets, but in fact the Balts remained the only marines until the beginning of the Second World War.

During the Great Patriotic War, infantrymen appeared wherever there was water. And they caused genuine fear and panic in the enemy. The Nazis respectfully called them "black death" - for their sudden appearance from nowhere.

Photo: militaryarms.ru

By 1942, black berets were at war almost wherever their participation was needed. Several brigades destroyed the enemy on the Black Sea coast, their colleagues defended Moscow. Obviously, versatility is a hallmark of black berets - they are needed even where there is no water. According to statistics, the Marines were many times more effective than conventional rifle units, but the losses among the personnel of the Marine Corps were higher - the fighters were not afraid to rush into battle with their bare hands, holding the enemy or forcing him to retreat.

One of the most striking feats accomplished by representatives of the black berets is the defense of Odessa by five infantrymen led by political instructor Nikolai Filchenkov. For 73 days, these heroes, together with local army units, kept the city from the Nazis. And when the attack was inevitable, and enemy tanks began to enter Odessa, Marine Filchenkov, at the cost of his own life, rushed under the car with a grenade, his fellow soldiers continued to hold the defense. Ten tanks out of 22 were destroyed, the enemy was stopped and demoralized.

Photo: globallookpress.com

Kerch-Eltigen operation

The Kerch-Eltigen landing operation of 1943 became a tragic episode in the Russian marines. The command then set the task - by all means, it was necessary to liberate the cities of Kerch and Eltigen, settle there and move further, deep into the peninsula. The deadlines were tight, and on the day the landing was scheduled, the weather turned bad. Despite this, it was decided to carry out the attack - the soldiers of the North Caucasian Front, the Black Sea Fleet and the Azov Flotilla worked with the support of the 4th Air Army. The first echelon of black berets was landing in a terrible storm, and the main task at that moment was to get to the coast. Not everyone was able to, a huge part of the personnel drowned. But those who made it to the coast successfully captured the Kerch Peninsula, held this area for almost 40 days, annihilating about a thousand fascists during this time.
Kerch-Eltigen landing operation. Photo: Mil.ru

Marine Corps Day now

On November 27, Marine Corps Day, festive events are held throughout the country with mandatory demonstration performances. Underwater swimmers-saboteurs, armored personnel carriers, mine detonation are the most demonstrative and voluminous performances that Russian soldiers demonstrate. Also on November 27, solemn marches of personnel, demonstration performances of infantrymen are held. Veterans of the Marine Corps - remember those who gave their lives to defend their homeland. Flowers are laid at the memorials of military glory.

Marine Corps Day is celebrated annually in November. This type of troops was created at the same time as the navy. Marine units are involved in all military conflicts with the participation of Russia. The Marines are now almost entirely composed of professional military personnel capable of operating on land, water and air. What date is the holiday of the marines celebrated, to what events it was timed, let's find out in more detail.

Story

Day of the Marine Corps was first celebrated on November 27 in 1705, by order of Peter I, when a decree was signed to organize the first Marine Corps regiment in the history of Russia. The soldiers passed a kind of exam in the war with the Swedes, after which the first marine regiment was created on the basis of the Baltic Fleet.

Russian marines participated in all wars with the participation of Russia during the 18-19-20 centuries. The tasks of the naval crew included landing on land and conducting a battle to capture positions.

After the revolution, the marines had a difficult time and only in 1939, new date creating a compound of marines. In battles during the Second World War, these formations took an active part in the assaults to capture Konigsberg, the Kuriles, Riga and in other battles. They distinguished themselves in a special way during the capture of the fortress of Kirkenes. After the end of the war, they were again forgotten, and only in 1963 the decision was made to create the Bialystok regiment. In 1996, by order of the commander-in-chief, a holiday of the marines was established.

Modern Marine Corps

The arsenal of the Marines has both modern weapons and time-tested ones. The total number of military personnel of the Marine Corps includes no more than 12,500 people. Each fleet location has its own Marine unit. The main goal of the Marines is to land in a certain enemy territory and prepare the main forces for the offensive. For the Marine great importance has the personal training of a soldier, the emphasis is on interchangeability. Landing on enemy territory, you often have to get the right to it in battle.

Psychological preparation is also important. Often the fighters of this unit have to participate in difficult situations. Special training centers where the Marines are trained in the latest programs, there they are trained to work with complex military equipment, tactical combat and physical training for many days. The center prepares groups for special tasks on land, in the sea and in the air. In the modern formations of the marines, there are tank, artillery and engineering units. In the annual international shows, the Russian marines receive only the highest awards.

How the Marines celebrate the holiday

The holiday of the Marine Corps is celebrated by all employees of this unit, all personnel from auxiliary to officer. They are joined by cadets, teachers and veterans of this unit. On Marine Corps Day in Russia, veterans gather at a common table. The leadership awards the most distinguished soldiers with orders and certificates of honor, some employees are awarded titles.

Often on this day, demonstration performances are held, where they demonstrate hand-to-hand combat techniques and other skills they have acquired over the years of service. The media publishes materials dedicated to this holiday. Veterans share their memories of this day.

How to get to serve in such troops

The dream of many recruits is to serve in the Marine Corps. The versatility of combat missions is a very attractive feature of these elite troops. Many consider it a great fortune to get a black Marine beret. The Marines undergo serious training, making a real military professional out of the young man. There are two ways to get into service in this unit:

1. on call;
2. by contract.

Contrary to the generally accepted opinion that conscripts in such troops are not taken, it is still possible to go to serve in these troops. But that's not really simple task... in these troops, you need to start in advance, because the selection in these troops is very strict. First of all, the state of health is of great importance, a category below A1 will not work. The applicant must be tall without excess or missing weight, free of chronic diseases and vision problems.

Even at the military registration and enlistment office, you need to submit a report to the military commissar that there is great desire serve in these troops. In the report, you must indicate the motives for such a decision and your qualities, which are valued in these troops. Conscripts with bad habits the road to these units is closed. The presence of a sports category and a driver's license will only be a plus in fulfilling your desire. Skydiving and scuba diving will increase the chances of getting into these troops. Attending the last draft board, you must once again declare your desire to serve in these units, and then how lucky. With perseverance and desire, everything can work out.

The Marine Corps is one of the finest units in the navy. On a holiday dedicated to this branch of the army, the names of the heroes are remembered who honorably fulfilled their military duty and gave their lives for the peace of the entire Russian people. They were, are and will be one of the best views troops.

Marine Corps Day 2019 is celebrated in Russia on November 27. The holiday is celebrated by all employees of the Russian Navy's marine corps: junior, senior officers, privates, developers and manufacturers of the corresponding equipment, auxiliary personnel. The celebrations are joined by cadets, teachers, graduates of specialized higher educational institutions, and former employees of these units.

Combat operations may involve capturing the enemy's coastline, adjacent infrastructure, or its defenses. There are units that ensure the implementation of tactical tasks: they contribute to the further advancement of the main forces, suppress firing points, and protect the entrusted lines. A professional holiday is dedicated to them.

Holiday traditions

On this day, officers, cadets, veterans gather for festive tables... The management conducts a ceremony of awarding orders, medals, and certificates of honor to employees. The command makes notes of gratitude in personal files. The best employees are promoted to ranks and positions for outstanding achievement. Demonstration performances are held in which the Marines demonstrate their skills.

Materials about the holiday are published in the media. Interviews with veterans. They share memories.

history of the holiday

Day of the Marine Corps in Russia was fixed at the official level by the Order of the Commander-in-Chief Navy RF F. Gromov No. 433 dated December 19, 1995. The selected holiday date has symbolic meaning... It was timed to coincide with the formation of the "regiment of naval soldiers" on November 27, 1705, thanks to the order of Peter the Great. The division became the prototype of modern ones.

About the Marine profession

Servicemen of the marines of the Russian Navy perform dangerous and important tasks fighting overwhelming enemy forces. They are mainly used in offensive operations, which are associated with significant losses in manpower and equipment. Units parachute on the coast to capture territory, strategic objects, enemy defense and further advance.

The employees receive the standard armament of the ground forces: artillery, armored vehicles, air defense equipment. They are used in all military conflicts on the territory of the country and abroad.

A career begins with a call-up or training in a specialized educational institution Ministry of Defense. The cadet must know the principles of operation and the structure of the equipment, be able to handle it, fulfill the standards, master tactical training. The Marine profession is classified as life-threatening.

The structure of the Russian army includes several types of troops. On land, the Land Forces ensure the safety of citizens and protect the interests of the country. The holiday, which the soldiers celebrate on October 1, is dedicated to them.

Russia has always been famous for its brave warriors. Their exploits are written down in history and became an example to follow. The power and strength of the modern army is provided different kinds troops, the basis of which is the ground. The servicemen of these troops celebrate on October 1 their professional holiday - the Day of the Ground Forces.

Who is celebrating?

Citizens of our country do not have to worry about their safety on any day of the year. Even on the Day of the Ground Forces, when the holiday is celebrated by all the soldiers and officers of this kind of troops, our homeland is in good hands.

For whom else has this holiday become close? In addition to serving the active army, retired officers consider the holiday to be my own.

Military reserves and veterans of hostilities are also at heart on this day with their fellows. The employees of the state apparatus, who are directly related to the ground forces, also do not stand aside.

history of the holiday

The date of the celebration of the Day of the Ground Forces in Russia was not chosen by chance. In accordance with historical documents, it was on October 1 that the Verdict (Decree), signed by Ivan the Terrible, saw the light. The event is dated 1550. The document laid the foundation for new era in the development of Russian troops. Of course, long before the decree of Ivan the Terrible, brave warriors stood guard over the world, and the army in those days was only land.

In the time of Peter I, a legalized "draft company" appeared, which looked like a recruitment, and the first semblance of a regular army was formed, as well as the Military Collegium.

Alexander I also makes a historical contribution to the development of the army. It was under him that the state manifesto was signed in 1802, according to which a new ministry was established, responsible for the activities of the military ground forces.

It was the first minister of this structure, Sergei Kuzmich Vyazmitinov, who initiated the organization of the zemstvo militia, which played a huge role in the people's war against the invader Napoleon. He began to consider the formation of military structures in the form of divisional units.

In 1815, this ministry received a new name - the Ministry of War. Russian Empire... The main military structures were subordinate to him in the form of:

• office;
• departments of artillery and provisions, engineering and, inspector, commissariat and auditor, medical troops;
• special units, which consisted of a military topographic complex, a military committee and a military printing house.

Land played a key role in Russia's military victories.

The feat of the Russian soldier has been praised by more than one creator of art. The dedication and resilience of the soldiers are penetratingly and touchingly reflected in the works of Lermontov "Borodino", Tolstoy's "War and Peace", paintings by Vasiliev, Samsonov, poetry of Tvardovsky and Simonov.

In the post-war years, a specialized military command appears, which was disbanded in 1991.

The history of the modern holiday dates back to 2006, when the President of the country signed a decree on May 31, on the basis of which the professional holiday was established.

About modern ground forces

Since the advent of railroad communications, aviation and the navy, the structure of the Russian army has undergone significant transformations. But the army on land continues to be the fundamental structure.

It is a mistake to believe that they, as before, include only infantry. Today it is a large-scale complex, consisting of various troops:

• tank, considered the main striking force;
• motorized rifle, the main of the most numerous;
• rocket and artillery, ready to be the first to strike at the enemy;
• anti-aircraft, capable of repelling any attack from the air;
• special, which are obliged to ensure the success of military operations on land;
• material and technical, providing not only supply and engineering support troops, but also protection of a chemical, radiation, biological nature.

More modern technologies are being introduced into military tactics. Therefore, the technology and armament of the land is acquiring a significant change, being equipped with electronic and robotic technologies.

Congratulations

On a holiday that proclaims the strength and power of the Ground Forces, I would like to note the contribution to the future of our country of every soldier who is in the ranks or has ever worn the shoulder straps of an infantryman or artilleryman, tanker or rocketman. And let's not forget to remember the comrades in arms who are no longer with you. Let's raise a glass of tea and with shouts of "Hurray" we wish you health and success in life and in combat.

The sky will be clear and life will be happy,

When the glorious infantry is guarding the world.

We wish the land to live in full blood,

And, of course, to be friends with military luck and success.

The ground forces are the stronghold of our army.

It is not in vain that the whole nation is proud of you.

And tankers, and signalmen, and infantry, and landing

We wish happiness and success to all our military brother.