Why old and new calendar style. Old and new style in historical dates

This decree, in their opinion, should contribute to the establishment of closer ties with Western Europe. In the distant 1582 the Gregorian calendar came to replace the Gregorian calendar over all civilized Europe, and the famous astronomers of the time were indulged.
Since then, the Russian calendar has had a slight difference from Western in 13 days.

This undertaking went from the Pope of Roman. However, the Russian Orthodox hierarchs treated very cool to their Catholic partners, so everything remained for Russia.
So lived citizens different countries With various calendars throughout almost three hundred years.
For example, when a new year is celebrated in Western Europe, then in Russia only 19 december.
Live and count the days of the new Soviet Russia began with 1 February 1918 of the year.

Decree of SNK (abbreviation of the Council of People's Commissar), which was published 24 january 1918 year was prescribed day 1 February 1918 year count how 14 february.

It should be noted that the arrival of spring in the central part of Russia became completely not noticeable. All should be admitted, no wonder our ancestors did not want to change their calendar. 1 Martha, more reminds the middle of February. Many have paid attention to the fact that for the present spring smells only from mid-March months or its first numbers on the old style.

Is it worth saying that new style liked not all

Even in the malt of Western democracy - England and then with great prejudices accepted new calendar In 1752, Sweden followed this example in a year

What is the Julian calendar?

What is the difference between the Gregorian from the Julian calendar?

January 13th last day of the year for the Julian calendar. What you congratulate you! It's time to deal with the reasons for temporary cretinism, which the inhabitants of Russia are "swear".

How it all began

Ancient Roman Julian calendar was introduced in Rome as a result of the reform carried out at the initiative of Julia Caesar in 46 BC. IN Kievan Rus The Julian calendar appeared during the time of Vladimir Svyatoslavovich almost immediately with the beginning of the introduction of Christianity. So, in the "Tale of Bygone Years" used the Julian calendar with the Roman names of the months and the Byzantine era. Soothing led from the creation of the world, taking as a basis 5508 BC. - Byzantine version of this date. And the beginning of the new year decided to calculate from March 1 - in accordance with the ancient Slavic calendar.

Dvoeklendarie

Explicit delight from innovation People, to put it mildly, did not feel, managed to live in two calendars. A sufficient number of samples of wooden folk calendars are preserved, where you can find simultaneous designation church holidays According to Julian Souls, and local events based on the pagan folk calendar.

The Julian calendar was used primarily in cases where it was necessary to learn about the date of church holidays.

The old calendar based on lunar phases, Sunny cycle and time change, reported dates of vital affairs, first of all, about the beginning or completion of field work. IN modern life Preserved, for example, such pagan holidays as the carnival associated with the lunar cycle, or the "solar" commemoration - a wheelchair and bathing.

Attempt - torture

For almost 500 years, Rus tried to live in the Julian calendar. Besides large number Dissarship, the problem was the confusion, which arose in the chronicles: Russian chronicles rely on dating in the Slavic calendar, and invited Greeks used the dates of the new calendar.

No banners of the old calendar, up to the executions, especially the zealous adherents, did not help.

Reigning Grand Duke Moscow Ivan III tried to "dare" the discrepancies. In the summer of 7,000 years from the creation of the world, that is, in 1492, the Moscow Church Council approved the transfer of the beginning of the year from March 1 to September 1 (a decision that operates in the Russian Orthodox Church and Poniune).

The shortest year

Another attempt to transform the summer was taken by Peter I. With its decree of 1699, he postponed the beginning of the year from September 1 to January 1. Thus, 1699 lasted only 4 months: September, October, November and December. The year and Soviet government was reduced, which January 24, 1918 corrected the error of the Julian calendar at 13 days, introducing the Gregorian calendar, through which the Catholic Europe lived since 1582. After January 31, 1918, it was not February 1, but at once 14.

Walk everything!

Fearing to be once again incomprehensible, Peter I made an attempt to "disguise" the introduction of a new shellistee by grandiose festivities.

The "reigning hail" was ordered to decorate "from the trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper" and organize "fiery fun": the launch of "rockets, who has how much will happen" yes shooting from guns, muskets and "Inago Melkago guns".

On the eve of the New Year, the king personally gave a signal to the beginning of the celebrations. In addition to the spectacle, Peter offered the people "Various Evnors and Chans with wine and beer" - the treat was organized in front of the palace and in three triumphant gates. According to the royal decree, the honest people walked for a week, and when she came to his senses after noisy clauses, in Moscow "rose quite significant Ropot." Many were surprised: "How could the king change the sunny flow?"

Many of those who were firmly convinced that "God created the light in the month of September," still lived according to the old chronology.

Peter decided not to catch the people, making the reservation in decree: "And who will want to write both of the summer, from the creation of the world and from the Nativity of Christ, shade free."

old style

Today, the Julian calendar lives only four Orthodox churches: Russian, Jerusalem, Georgian and Serbian. An attempt to replace the calendar was undertaken by Patriarch Tikhon on October 15, 1923.

True, "New Style" lived in the church of just 24 days, since on November 8, 1923, the Patriarch ordered "the ubiquitous and mandatory introduction of a new style to church consumption to temporarily postpone."

Modern Orthodox church calendar (Easter) consists of two parts: a stationary month associated with a solar cycle, and mobile Easter based on Lunar calendar. Julian calendar, having discrepancies with the Gregorian in 13 days, is the basis of the fixed part - it includes non-transmitting Orthodox holidays And the days of the commemoration of the saints. Polelia determines the date of Easter changing annually, and at the same time the transit holidays depending on it.

Old and new style

You have already noticed: the modern dates of the Nekrasov Matrey Timofea holidays mentioned on the old and new style, that is, a calendar. What are their difference?
In the Julian calendar, introduced by the Roman emperor, Yulia Caesar in the 45th of our era, year (that is, the time of the full turnover of the Earth around the Sun) was calculated not quite accurately, with an exception for 11 minutes 14 seconds. For a half thousand years, despite the amendment of three days, made in the XIII century, this difference was ten days. Therefore, in 1582, Roman Pope Gregory XIII ordered these ten days from the calendar; Gregorian calendar ("New Style") was introduced in most countries Western EuropeAnd then America. However, Russia did not agree with the amendment made by the head catholic churchAnd continued to stick to the Julian calendar. New style in Russia introduced soviet authority In February 1918, when the calendar difference reached 13 days. Thus, the year of the country was attached to the pan-European and American. Russian orthodox Church The reforms did not recognize and still continue to live in the Julian calendar.
So, the difference between calendars in the XX and XXI centuries It is 13 days, in the XIX century it was 12 days, in the XVIII - 11. From March 1, 2100, the difference between old and new style will reach 14 days.
When reading the old Russian literature, the difference between the Gregorian calendar and the old, Juliansky officially adopted in Russia, useful to take into account. Otherwise, we will not quite accurately perceive the time when the events described from our classics occur. Here are examples.
Today, often, hearing thunder rollers in the first days of May, people quote the beginning of the famous poem F.I. Tyutcheva "Spring Thunderstorm": "I love a thunderstorm at the beginning of May ..." At the same time, few people come to mind that the poem was written in the XIX century, when May in Russia began on May 13 on the current calendar (the difference of 12 days) and the thunderstorm in middle lane There are no rare countries at all. Therefore, Tyutchev, describing the first thunderstorm at the beginning (and in our middle), is not surprised at all, but only rejoices.
In the story I.S. Turgenev "knocks!" We read: "... The case was in the tenth of juveniles and the heat stood terrible ..." Now it is clear to us that the currently we are talking about the twenties of July. In another work, Turgenev, the novel "Fathers and Children", says: "Coming better days In the year - the first days of June. " Adding 12 days, the reader will easily understand what time of year modern calendar Turgenev considered the best.
In the future presentation of the date of the old and new style, we will be given through the fraction.

What is incomprehensible to classics, or the encyclopedia of the Russian life of the XIX century. Yu. A. Fedosyuk. 1989.

Watch what is "old and new style" in other dictionaries:

New Style (Grigorian calendar) - The calculus system set in 1582 in Pope Gregory XIII, which moved the time account for 10 days ahead to correct the errors in the time account, accumulated in the old Julian calendar from the moment of its adoption on the Nicene Cathedral ... ... Linguistant dictionary

See calendar ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Style - 1) syllable, manner of writing, 2) in art features inherent in some kind of epoch, some kind of artist and school, 3) announcing (old and new style) ... Popular Political Dictionary

- (Lat. Stilus, from Greek. Stylos Wand for Scripture). 1) In the literature: an image of an expression, a syllable, a peculiar image of the presentation of thoughts of outstanding writers. 2) the genus of the heights, which the ancients wrote on the hollowed plates, the lower end of which was sharp ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

New, opposite old, old ancient, long-standing, old, past; Recently created, made, ocked; shortly dealt, which happened; of our century, this year, month, day; Another, other, not the one that was before: accounted for unknown or ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Daly

Style: In Wikiuslovar, there is an article "Style" style (wrote, styled, style, lat stylus. ... Wikipedia

Style, m. [Greek. Stylos, letters. A stick with a sharp end for the Scripture on the hollow powders]. 1. Association artistic meanscharacteristic of works of art of which n. Artist, era or nation. Architectural styles. Gothic style … Explanatory Dictionary Ushakov

style - I, m., Calm I, m. Style m., Goal.Stylus, it. Styl Lat. Stylus letter syllable.1. A combination of signs characterizing the art of a certain time and directions from the ideological content and artistic form. Bass 1. Style, calm, ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicalism Russian Language

1. Style, I; m. [Franz. Style] 1. A set of features, features that create a holistic image of a certain time, directions, individual manner of the artist regarding ideological content and artistic form. Romantic with. in… … encyclopedic Dictionary

style - In the summer, a method for calculating the time, dividing it for annual periods. Until 1918, we were adopted by an old style (for the so-called Julian calendar), for which the year was divided by 365 days, and since in reality it is more ... ... Reference commercial dictionary

Books

• Day and night, Wolfe Virginia. "Day and night" (1919) is the only one of the nine novels of Virginia Wolfe (1882-1941), the undisputed classic of world literature of the twentieth century, which has not previously translated into Russian. An unexpected topic ...
• Slavic Vedic Calendar of Darlands on 7527-7528 Summer from the creation of the world in the star temple ,. Now we are conducting a summer from the Nativity of Christ and use the Gregorian calendar. Julian calendar, the so-called "old style", is also not forgotten: Catholics celebrate Christmas by ...

Orthodox calendar. How did the old and new style appear? As you know, the Russian Orthodox Church enjoys in his worship Julian calendar, while Russian stateTogether with most countries, for some time the Gregory calendar has been used. At the same time, in the church itself, and in society, from time to time, there are voices calling for moving to a new style.

The arguments of the defenders of the Julian calendar, which can be found in Orthodox printing, mainly reduced to two. The first argument: Julian calendar is consecrated by centuries-old use in the church, and there is no weighty reasons for it. The second argument: when moving to a "new style" with the preservation of traditional Easter (System for calculating the date of the Easter holiday), many inconsistencies arise, and the violation of the liturgical charter is inevitable.

Both of these arguments for the believer orthodox man Completely convincing. However, they seem to relate to the Julian calendar as such. After all, the church did not create a new calendar, but adopted the one that already existed in the Roman Empire. And what if the calendar would be different? Perhaps then exactly the one, the calendar would be consecrated by liturgical use, it would be precisely composed with his account?

This article is an attempt to consider some aspects of a calendar problem, providing the reader material for independent reflection. The author does not consider it necessary to hide his sympathies in relation to the Julian calendar, but it is aware that it is impossible to prove it to anyone. Just as the advantage of the Slavic Church-Slavic language before Russian or Icons is presented. Andrei Rubleva in front of the painting of Raphael.

The presentation will be carried out in three stages: first brief conclusions, then a more detailed mathematical justification and, finally, a small historical essay.

To measure the time and preparation of the calendar, any phenomenon of nature can serve if it is evenly and periodically repeated: the change of day and night, changing the phases of the moon, seasons, etc. All these phenomena are associated with certain astronomical objects. In the book of Being reading: And God said: Yes, they will shone on the hardship of heaven for ... times, and days, and years ... and created God two shines great: Light more, to manage the day, and the smaller, to control at night, and the stars (Gen. 1, 14-16). The Julian calendar is drawn up just taking into account the three main astronomical objects - the sun, the moon and stars. This gives grounds to consider it a truly biblical calendar.

Unlike Julian, the Gregorian calendar takes into account only one object - the sun. It is designed in such a way that the point of spring equinox (when equal to the duration of the day and night) would slowly deviate from the date on March 21. At the same time, the connection of the calendar with the moon and stars collapsed; In addition, the calendar complicated and lost the rhythm (compared to Julian).

Consider one property of the Julian calendar, most often criticized. In the Julian calendar, the point of spring equinox moves backwards by calendar dates at a speed of about 1 day in 128 years. (In general, the difference between dates in Julian and Gregorian calendars is currently 13 days and increases by 3 days for every 400 years.) This means, for example, that the day of the celebration of the Nativity of Christ, on December 25, will move over time. But, first, it will happen in about 6000 years, and secondly, and now in the southern hemisphere Christmas is even celebrated in the spring, and in the summer (since there is December, January and February - the summer months).

Taking into account the foregoing, it is possible to conclude that the statement "Gregory calendar is more accurate to Juliansky" is far from indisputable. Everything here is determined by the accuracy criteria, and they can be different.

To justify the provisions expressed above, we present some astronomical and arithmetic arguments and facts.

One of the main periods of time for us is the year. But it turns out, there are several different "species" of the year. We mention the two most important for our considerations.

• Sideric, or star, year. It is he who mean when they say that for the year the sun passes twelve zodiacal signs. For example, Saint Vasily Great (IV century) in the "conversations for a sixthly" writes: "The sunny year is the return of the Sun, as a result of his own movement, from famous sign In the same sign. "
• Tropical year. He takes into account the change of seasons on earth.

Julian year averages 365.25 days, that is, it is between the Sideric and tropical years. The Grigorian year averages 365,2425 days, it is very close to tropical.

In order to better understand the aesthetics and the logic of the calendar, it is useful to slightly illuminate the problem arising when it creates. Actually, the construction of the calendar includes two fairly independent procedures. The first is empirical: it is necessary as possible to accurately measure the duration of astronomical cycles. (We note that the duration of the Sideric and Tropical years was found with great accuracy in II century. To R. H. Greek astronomer Hippuch.) The second procedure is already purely theoretical: based on the observed observations to make such a time measurement system that, on the one hand, If possible, it would be less deviated from the selected space guidelines, and on the other, it would be not very cumbersome and difficult.

Let, for example, it is required to make a calendar focused on the tropical year (after the duration of the latter is 365,24220). It is clear that each year of such a calendar must contain either 365, or 366 days (in the latter case, the year is called leap). At the same time, it is necessary to try in order to, firstly, the average number of days in the year was as close as possible to 365,2422 and, secondly, the rule of alternation of simple and leap years was as simple as possible. In other words, it is necessary to determine the cycle lasting in N years, of which M will be leaps. At the same time, first, the fraction M / N should be as close as possible to 0.2422, and the second number n should be as little as possible.

These two requirements contradict each other, since the accuracy is achieved only by the price of increasing the number N. The most simple decision The problems are fraction 1/4, on which the Julian calendar is based. The cycle consists of four years, every fourth year (the sequence number of which is divided without a residue by 4) - leap. Julian year averages 365.25 days, which is 0.0078 days more duration Tropical year. At the same time, the error in one day accumulates in 128 years (0.0078 x 128 ~ 1).

The Grigorian calendar is based on fraction 97/400, i.e. In the 400-year cycle of 97 leap years. Lecked years are considered years, the number of which is either divided into 4 and is not divided into 100, or is divided into 400. The Grigorian year averages 365,2425 days, which is 0.0003 days more than the duration of the tropical year. At the same time, the error in one day accumulates for 3333 years (0.0003 x 3333 ~ 1).

From the above, it is clear that the advantage of the Gregorian calendar over Juliansky is controversially even as a tropical oriented on the tropical year - accuracy is achieved by the complication price.

We now consider the Julian and Gregorian calendars from the point of view of correlation with the Moon.

The shift of the phases of the moon corresponds to the synodic, or lunar, month, component of 29,53059 days. During this time, all phases of the moon are replaced - new moon, the first quarter, full moon, the last quarter. In one year, an integer month is not laid without a residue, so a 19-year-old cycle, the name of the Greek eastronomom of a metron (V century, was used to build almost all operating lunarly solar calendars. In this cycle, the ratio is performed

19 years of ~ 235 synodic months

i.e. if the beginning of some year coincides with the appearance of a new moon in the sky, then this coincidence will take place in 19 years.

If the year is Gregorian (365,2425 days), the error of the meton cycle is

235 x 29,53059 - 19 x 365,2425 ~ 0.08115.

For Juliana year (365.25 days) the error is smaller, namely

235 x 29,53059 - 19 x 365.25 ~ 0.06135.

Thus, we obtain that the Julian calendar is better correlated with changes in the phases of the Moon (see also: Klimin I.A. Calendar and Chronology. - 3rd ed, recreation. And add. - M., Science, 1990. - P. 92 ).

In general, the Julian calendar is a combination of simplicity, rhythmic (cycle duration of only 4 years), harmony (correlation immediately with the Sun, Moon and Stars). It is appropriate to mention his practicality: the same number of days in each century and a continuous account of the time for two thousand years (broken during the transition to the Gregorian calendar) simplify astronomical and chronological calculations.

Two amazing circumstances are associated with the Julian calendar. The first circumstance is astronomical - the proximity of the fractional part of the year (both a systemic and tropical) to such a simple fraction 1/4 (we offer a reader familiar with the methods of checking statistical hypotheses, calculate the corresponding probability). However, even more surprisingly secondary circumstance - with all its merits, the Julian calendar never has never been applied until I in. to R. Kh.

The predecessor of the Julian calendar can be considered a calendar, for many centuries used in Egypt. In the Egyptian calendar, each year contained exactly 365 days. Of course, the error of this calendar was very large. Approximately one and a half thousand years of the Spring Equinox Day "Run" all the numbers of the calendar year (which consisted of 12 months to 30 days and five more additional days).

About 1700 BC. One of the Gyksos rulers, which made the XV Dynasty of Egypt, conducted a calendar reform. After 130 years, the Gixos were expelled, the traditional calendar was restored, and since then every Pharaoh, joining the throne, gave an oath not to change the length of the year.

In 238 to R. H. Rules in Egypt Ptolemy III Evvgenet (a descendant of one of Alexander Macedonsky military leaders) tried to conduct a reform by adding an additional day at every 4 years. It would make an Egyptian calendar almost identical Julian. However, unknown reasons The reform was not implemented.

And then the time of the awards and the founding of the church approached. Some of the participants in the events described by Evangelists have already walked along the land of Palestine. From January 1, 45, to R. Kh. In the Roman Empire, by order of Guy Julia Caesar (100-44), a new calendar was introduced. This calendar, now called Yuliansky, was developed by a group of Alexandrian astronomers led by a cooler. Since then until the XVI century, i.e., about 1600 years, Europe lived in the Julian calendar.

In order not to evaporate from our topic, we will not consider calendar systems of different countries and peoples. Note that some of them are quite unsuccessful (one of the worst seems to have been a calendar used in the Roman Empire before the introduction of Julian). We mention only one calendar, interesting in that it is a calendar year closer to tropical than the Gregory created later. From 1079 to the middle of the XIX century. In Iran, the Persian calendar was operating, developed by the Commission under the leadership of the scientist and the poet of Omar Khayama (1048-1123). The Persian calendar is based on fraction 8/33, i.e. the cycle is 33 years old, of which 8 leaps. Lecked were the 3rd, 7th, 11th, 15th, 20th, 24th, 28th and 32nd cycles. The average duration of the year in the Persian calendar is 365,24242 days, which is 0.00022 more than in tropical. The error in one day accumulates in 4545 years (0.00022 x 4545 ~ 1).

In 1582, the Gregorian calendar was introduced by Pope of Grigory XIII. When moving from the Julian calendar to the Gregoriansky, 10 days were thrown out, i.e., after October 4, it was once on October 15. The calendar reform of 1582 caused many protests (in particular, almost all universities of Western Europe spoke against it). Nevertheless, Catholic countries, for obvious reasons, almost immediately moved to the Gregorian calendar. Protestants did it gradually (for example, United Kingdom - only in 1752).

In November 1917, immediately after capturing the Bolshevik authorities in Russia, the question of the calendar was raised for discussion by the Council of RSFSR. On January 24, 1918, "Decree on the introduction in the Russian Republic of the Western European calendar" was adopted.

The local Orthodox churches adhered to the Julian calendar until the 20s of the 20th century, when the Universal (Constantinople) Patriarchate refused him. The main purpose of this decision was, apparently, the celebration christian holidays Together with Catholics and Protestants.

Over the next decades, the new style has taken most of the local churches, and the transition has not been implemented not to Gregoryan, but on the so-called Novoyulian calendar based on the fraction 218/900. However, until 2800, it completely coincides with the Gregorian.

The unity of local Orthodox churches is expressed in the joint celebration of Easter Christ and related so-called passenger holidays (the only exception is the Finnish Orthodox Church, which celebrates Easter in one day with Western Christians). The Easter date is calculated by a special lunarly sunny calendar that is inextricably linked with Julian. In general, the method of calculating the date of Easter is the most important point of comparison of the Julian and Gregorian calendar as church. However, this topic requiring both scientific and theological consideration is beyond the scope of this article. We only note that the creators of the Orthodox Passuel have reached the same purpose as the creators of the Julian calendar - the maximum possible simplicity at a reasonable level of accuracy.

Alexander Chhartishvili

Grigorian calendar was introduced pope Roman Grigory XIIIin Catholic countries October 4, 1582 Instead of the old Juliansky: the next day after Thursday, October 4th was Friday on October 15.

Causes of the transition to the Gregorian calendar

The reason for the adoption of a new calendar was the gradual shift in the Julian calendar of the spring equinox day, according to which the Easter date was determined, and the mismatch of Easter full moon with astronomical. An error of the Julian calendar in 11 minutes. 14 seconds a year, which the neglect is cozy, to XVI century led to the fact that the vernal equinox accounted for not on March 21, but on the 11th. The displacement led to the correspondence of the same days of the year to other natural phenomena. Year for the Julian calendar in 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes and 46 seconds, as later scientists found out, was longer than the present sunny year For 11 minutes 14 seconds. The "extra" day raided for 128 years. So, for one and a half thousand years, humanity lagged behind a real astronomical time for as many as ten days! Pope Reform Gregory XIII. It was the purpose of eliminating this error that.

To Gregory XIII, the project tried to implement Pope Paul III and Pei IV, but they did not reach success. The preparation of the reform at the direction of Gregory XIII was carried out by astronomers Christopher keys and alosium lilies.

The Gregorian calendar is much more accurate than Julian calendar: it gives a much better approach to the tropical year.

The new calendar immediately at the time of adoption has shifted the current date for 10 days and fixed the accumulated errors.

In the new calendar, a new, more accurate rule about lecked year. Year of leap, that is, it contains 366 days if:

• number of the year Katten 400 (1600, 2000, 2400);
• the remaining years is the number of the year Koint 4 and not Katten 100 (... 1892, 1896, 1904, 1908 ...).

The rules for calculating the Christian Easter were modified. Currently, the date of the Christian Easter for each specific year is calculated on the lunar-sun calendar, which makes Easter with a passing holiday.

Gregory Calendar

The transition to the new calendar was carried out gradually, in most european countries This happened during the XVI -XVII centuries. And not everywhere the transition this was smooth. The first to the Grigorian calendar passed Spain, Italy, Portugal, Commonwealth (Grand Duchy Lithuanian and Poland), France, Lorraine. In 1583, Grigory XIII sent Constantinople Patriarch of Jeremiah II Embassy with a proposal to go to a new calendar, the offer was rejected as not corresponding to the canonical rules of Easter celebration. In some countries, which came across the Gregorian calendar, the Yulian Souluscript resumed as a result of their accession to other states. In connection with the time-based transition of countries to the Gregorian calendar, actual perception errors may arise: for example, it is known that Miguel de Cervantes and William Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616. In fact, these events occurred with a difference of 10 days, as in Catholic Spain, a new style acted from the very introduction of his dad, and the United Kingdom moved to a new calendar only in 1752. There were cases when the transition to the Gregorian calendar was accompanied by serious unrest.

In Russia, the Grigorian calendar was introduced in 1918: in 1918, after January 31, followed on February 14. That is, in a number of countries, as in Russia, in 1900 was the day on February 29, whereas in most countries it was not. In 1948, at the Moscow meeting of the Orthodox churches, it was decided that Easter was as well as all overgoing holidays, should be calculated on the Alexandrian Easter (Julian calendar), and non-transmitting the calendar, according to which the local church lives. The Finnish Orthodox Church celebrates Easter in the Gregorian calendar.