Types of martial arts. Oriental martial arts: types. Types of wrestling and martial arts

Types and styles of martial arts

Aikido is one of the youngest martial arts in Japan, founded by Morihei Ueshiba. Aikido is an art that synthesizes the study of techniques, spiritual, energetic, psychological aspects of personality development.

Aikido is equally effective as a general strengthening and self-developing health system of exercises, as well as its applied part, which is a universal means of self-defense.

The practice of Aikido is very useful for people of any age, regardless of physical data, is not of a religious nature, and is equally accessible to everyone.

Aikido is a synthesis of martial arts combined into an effective defense system. In addition, it is also a dynamic form of meditation, which is designed to resolve most conflict situations.

Aikido is a unique martial art that originated in Japan in the early 20th century. Founder - Morihei Ueshiba (1883 - 1969). Aikido is based on the Philosophy of harmonizing the internal energy of a person with the outside world. The formation of the personality of a person studying Aikido occurs in the process of repeated practice of a specific technique of self-defense. Combat technique, when properly performed, turns into an effective intra-articular massage. The main goal of Aikido is the formation of a healthy, creative and integral personality of a person, the harmonious and timely repayment of a conflict through a certain technique and human behavior in an extreme situation. It should be noted that there are no restrictions and contraindications for practicing Aikido, neither for age nor for health reasons. This allows you to work with young children, adolescents, people with diseases of the locomotor system, poor eyesight, and even with the absence of some internal organs lost due to amputation.

KICKBOXING

Kickboxing is a sport that combines kicking techniques borrowed from a number of martial arts and boxing fisticuffs. There are several varieties of kickboxing: full contact - with fights in the boxing ring, and light contact - with fights on the mat. Fights of such types of kickboxing as full-contact (full-contact), low-kick (low-kick) and K1 format are fought in the ring; on the tatami - semi-contact (semi-contact), light-contact (light-contact), kick-light (kick-light) and solo compositions (musical forms).

During the competition, protective equipment is used: a mouthguard, hand wraps, boxing gloves, a protective inguinal shell, a shin guard, feet and a helmet. Clothing varies by discipline: silk shorts, shorts, or belted uniforms. All types of kickboxing are very spectacular and are popular with fans all over the world.

Kendo, which means "the way of the sword", is a modern Japanese swordsmanship that traces its history back to traditional samurai sword techniques. Kendo is an activity that activates both the physical and mental powers, combining the traditional values ​​of martial arts and sports physical elements. The kendo fighter calls out the name of the strike at the moment of attack, demonstrating complete control of the situation and the power of the fighting spirit. Kendo assumes the unity of three elements: "Ki (spirit) - Ken (sword) - Tai (body).

Wushu is a spectacular full contact sport. Modern wushu includes two directions: Taolu and Sanda.

Taolu is a combination of gymnastics and martial arts. Athletes are awarded points for the movements they performed: poses, kicks, punches, balancing, jumps, hooks and throws. The duration of bouts is limited in time and can vary from 1 minute (20 seconds, according to some styles) to more than five minutes for internal styles. Modern wushu athletes carefully practice acrobatic techniques such as 540 and 720 degree jumps and kicks, increasing the difficulty and improving the style of performance.

Sanda is a fighting style and sport very similar to kickboxing or Muay Thai, but with a greater variety of grappling techniques.

Wrestling is an act of physical interaction between two people using force. The athlete is trying to gain an advantage or control over an opponent. Physical techniques used in wrestling: lock, grab and pass. Wrestlers try to avoid the use of technical elements that can lead to injury to the opponent. Many styles of wrestling are world famous and have a rich history. There are different types of wrestling that are used both for sports and recreational purposes. In the free form of wrestling, grabs by the legs, techniques with the action of the legs are allowed. The ultimate goal is to put the opponent on the shoulder blades or achieve victory due to the advantage in the points scored.

taekwondo

Taekwondo is a Korean martial art. Usually translated as "the way of the hand and foot", but some translate it as "the art of kicking and punching". The popularity of taekwondo in recent times is the result of the evolution of martial arts. It combines combat techniques, self-defense, sports, exercise, meditation and philosophy. In modern taekwondo, the emphasis is on control and self-defense. The art as a whole focuses on kicks from a mobile stance, using great strength and great reach (in relation to the hand). Taekwondo technique includes a system of blocks, kicks, hands and an open palm, sweeps and fixation of joints.

Unification various forms Taekwondo originated in the 1950s when standardization of rules made it possible to create a full contact martial art. The application of rules that allowed non-stop combat, the introduction of protective equipment and changes in various techniques contributed to the creation of a separate and distinctive style.

The dynamic and refined technique of the duel, together with the grace and plasticity of the athletes, attracted the attention of sports fans from all over the world. The popularity of taekwondo has grown to tens of millions of practitioners who have adopted the rich traditions and philosophy of the martial arts. The introduction of the scoring system (PSS) and instant video replays (IVR) made it possible to create a transparent competition system.

Taekwondo is represented at the World Martial Arts Games, competitions are held in accordance with the rules of the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF).

Along with the development of the technical part in taekwondo, new forms of fights also appeared. For the first time in 2010, 5v5 team fights were presented in Moscow as part of the WTF World Tour. In this format, at the beginning of the match, two teams field one participant each for a short fight. Then the first pair of fighters is replaced by the next one.

This format was officially introduced in 2012 at the Taekwondo World Cup in Aruba.

Sambo is a relatively young type of martial art, combat sport and self-defense system developed in the Soviet Union. The word "sambo" is an acronym derived from the phrase "self-defense without weapons". The origins of sambo originate in Japanese judo and traditional folk wrestling such as Armenian koch, Georgian chidaoba, Moldavian trynta, Tatar kuresh, Uzbek kurash, Mongolian hapsagay and Azerbaijani gyulesh.

Savate is a European martial art, also known as "French boxing", characterized by effective punching technique, dynamic kicking technique, mobility and subtle strategy. Savate has a long history: this type of martial art originated as a synthesis of the French school of street hand-to-hand combat and English boxing; In 1924, it was included in the Paris Olympic Games as a demonstration sport.

Savat competitions are held as part of the SportAccord World Martial Arts Games in accordance with the rules and regulations of the International Savate Federation (F.I.Sav).

At the next World Martial Arts Games SportAccord in 2013 in St. Petersburg, F.I.Sav will present 88 athletes who will compete in 3 disciplines:

Asso (L'assaut) - light contact: the fight is fought with punches and kicks. The accuracy of the blows, the style of fighting and the technical skill shown by the athlete are evaluated. Accented strikes are strictly prohibited.

Komba (Le combat) - full contact: the fight is fought with punches and kicks. The quality, accuracy, effectiveness of strikes and the fighting spirit of athletes are evaluated. Knockouts are allowed.

Canne komba (La canne de combat): a type of duel in which the athletes are armed with a long, light cane. This swordsmanship includes various strike techniques, blocks, feints and combinations. In this discipline, strong blows are prohibited. The athlete's equipment must include protective clothing, gloves and helmets.

Men (6 categories): 60 kg, 65 kg, 70 kg, 75 kg, 80 kg, 90 kg.

Women (4 categories): 52 kg, 56 kg, 60 kg, 70 kg.

Fights consist of 3 rounds, each of which lasts 2 minutes, the break between rounds is 1 minute.

Sumo is a type of wrestling that originated in Japan, the only country where this sport is still practiced professionally. Currently, amateur sumo is being developed in 88 countries, which is regarded as a modern form of martial art. Sumo fights are dynamic and spectacular with easy-to-understand rules. Touching the floor in the ring (dohyo) is possible only with the soles of the feet, the goal is to force the opponent to touch the floor with any other part of the body or push him out of the ring. There are 82 techniques that can be used to achieve victory, they include different kinds throws, lifts, pushes.

THAI BOXING

Thai boxing or Muaythai is the martial art of Thailand, which has recently become on a par with such famous types of martial arts as karate, aikido, judo and sambo. This martial art is as close as possible to a real duel between two fighters. The term "muay thai" means "duel of the free" or "free fight". Fights in Thai boxing are fought in full contact and according to very strict rules. Muaythai is based on percussion technique. Blows to the enemy are delivered at all levels: to the head, to the body, with hands and feet, elbows and knees. Grabs and throws in Muay Thai play an important role. Since ancient times, Thai boxers have a saying - "One world - one Muaythai." The strength of Muay Thai is in unity, in traditions, in the continuity of generations, in the mystery of transferring knowledge of martial art from trainer to student.

In modern times, Muaythai has proven to be extremely popular on television, being a clear embodiment of the aspirations, hopes and efforts of athletes, as well as an example of mutual understanding between different cultures. In 2012, the popularity of Muaythai was confirmed by a nomination for an international Emmy Award for the television reality show “The Challenger Muaythai”.

Boxing is a type of combat sport in which two opponents of identical physique and power participate in striking each other with fists in special gloves. Fights last from 3 to 12 rounds, victory is assigned if the opponent is knocked down and cannot rise within ten seconds counted by the judge. This outcome of the fight was called a knockout. If after a set number of rounds the fight has not been completed, the winner is determined by the referee's decision or the judges' scores. Boxing styles of different rules exist in many countries of the world.

Judo means "soft way" in Japanese. This modern martial art comes from the Land of the Rising Sun. The main judo are throws, painful holds, holds and chokes. Judo is based on the principle of unity of spirit and body and differs from other martial arts by lesser use of physical force when performing various technical actions.

Professor Jigoro Kano founded judo in 1882, in 1964 judo was included in the summer Olympic Games. Judo is a codified sport in which the mind controls the movements of the body, it has the most pronounced educational character in the Olympic program. In addition to competition, judo includes the study of technique, kata, self-defense, physical training and the improvement of the spirit. Judo as a sport discipline is a modern and progressive form of physical activity. The International Judo Federation (IJF) includes 200 affiliated national federations on five continents. More than 20 million people practice judo, a sport that perfectly combines education and physical activity. The IJF organizes over 35 events annually.

Karate or karate-do is a martial art that came from Japan, from the island of Okinawa. Initially, this set of techniques existed for self-defense without weapons, using only arms and legs. It took years of development for martial arts to evolve into the modern sport of karate. Now in competition dangerous techniques prohibited, and contact fighting is allowed, but does not allow injury to the face, head and neck.

Feigning non-existent damage is considered a major violation of the rules. The simulator fighter is sanctioned ("Shikaku"). Exaggerating the effect of a real injury is also not welcome and is considered unworthy behavior.

During tournaments, kumite and/or kata competitions may be held. Kumite is held in the individual and team categories. In the individual category, the performing athletes are divided by age and weight. Normal kumite matches for men last three minutes, for a medal four. In the women's category - two and three minutes, respectively.

To open the score, the fighter must perform a technique by attacking the corresponding zone of the opponent.

The scores given by the judges are:

IPPON

three points

VAZARI

two points

South Kazakhstan region

One point

When scoring points, the following criteria are taken into account: the form of execution, sports character, swiftness of execution, attentiveness (ZANSHIN), timeliness and distance.

Ippon is awarded for jodan strikes and any hold on a fallen or falling opponent.

VAZARI is assigned for hitting chudans.

Yuko is assigned for chudan or jodan tsuki and jodan or chudan uchi.

Attacks are limited to the following areas: head, face, neck, stomach, chest, back, and side.

JUJUTSU

Jiu-jitsu is a general term used for a combat system that is almost indecipherable. This is hand-to-hand combat, in most cases, without the use of weapons, and only in some cases with weapons. Jiu-jitsu techniques include kicking, punching, punching, throwing, holding, blocking, choking and tying, as well as the use of certain weapons. Jiu-jitsu does not rely on brute strength, but on skill and dexterity. The use of minimal effort for maximum effect. This principle allows any person, regardless of their physical form or physique, to control and use their energy with the greatest efficiency.

FENCING

Fencing belongs to the "family" of martial arts that use edged weapons. From time immemorial, people have tried to invent a tool to protect against animals and other threats, the history of the development of fencing is a clear confirmation of this.

In modern fencing, the rapier, sword and saber are used. Competitions between men and women are held individually and in teams. The differences between the types of weapons are in their shape and the size of the affected surface. Refereeing rules for each weapon are different, respectively, and the strategy for obtaining points is different.

However, there are common features between all types of fencing that combine elegance and tactics, movement and reaction, the interaction of mind and body. Concentration and coordination are essential elements for all fencers. As well as an expression of respect and courtesy towards the opponent, the referee and the audience, which is demonstrated by the traditional salute before and after the fight.

Following the first World Martial Arts Games held in Beijing in 2010, fencing was included in the program of the second World Martial Arts Games to be held in St. Petersburg in 2013, which will feature 96 of the best athletes. Fights are held in accordance with the rules of the International Fencing Federation (FIE)

Kempo is an ancient martial art that originated in Japan, which is a combination of many martial arts techniques. The active spread of kempo around the world gave rise to many martial arts, such as karate, judo, jiu-jitsu, etc. At present, the name "kempo" is often used as a term for martial arts generally.

Kempo, as a modern sport, is being developed by various international organizations. The largest international organization developing kempo is the International Kempo Federation ( IKF )”, which has branches in more than 50 countries around the world. In many countries, kempo is an officially recognized sport.

In Russia, since 2002, the Interregional public organization "Federation of Universal Karate" has been engaged in the promotion and development of kempo. In November 2012, the Universal Karate Federation was reorganized and registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation as the All-Russian physical culture and sports public organization for the development of mixed martial arts "Federation of MMA and Kempo of Russia", which has its own structural divisions (regional branches) in 43 regions of Russia.

Kempo competitions are held in two sections: combat and traditional sections.

In the combat section, athletes fight in six disciplines: MMA Kempo,

Full Kempo, Kempo Knockdown, K1 Kempo, Seven Kempo, Submission.

In the traditional section, competitions are held in four disciplines: “Kempo self-defense”, “Kempo self-defense with weapons”, “Kempo-kata” and “Kempo-kata with weapons”.

KARATE Style Shotokan

Shotokan (or Shotokan) is the most numerous style of karate in the world. Its founder is Gichin Funakoshi.

Funakoshi declared the main principle of karate the concept that "attack has no advantage", or "karate is not a weapon of aggression." Thus, rn emphasized the idea of ​​humanity, which he preached in karate-do. However, in addition to the philosophical meaning, this motto also contains a practical meaning, which consists in the fact that the attacking arm or leg of the opponent turns into a target for the defender and can be hit by a powerful block or counterattack (this is why kata in Shotokan karate always begin with a defensive movement - a block).

In his book Karate-do: My Way, Funakoshi outlined the basic principles that reveal the spirit and essence of karate-do, namely:

Be very careful while exercising. Whatever you do, always think about the enemy. In combat, when striking, you must not allow a single drop of doubt, because one blow decides everything.

Train with full dedication, without theorizing. Often the inability to concentrate leads to the search for truth in words and reasoning. The horseman's stance (kiba dachi), for example, looks very simple on the outside, but no one can do it perfectly even if they practice it every day for a year. Therefore, the complaints of the student after several months of classes that he cannot master the kata are not serious.

Avoid arrogance and arrogance. Anyone who publicly declares his success will never enjoy the respect of others, even if he really shows ability in karate or other types of martial arts. It is all the more absurd to hear the self-praise of a completely incapable person. In karate, this is usually done by beginners who cannot resist the temptation to brag or show something. But in doing so, they humiliate not only themselves, but also the art they have chosen.

Watch how sincere you are in your actions, and take an example from what is worthy of praise in the work of others. As a karateka, you must carefully observe the work of others and learn from the best. At the same time, ask yourself: do you give your all to training? Everyone has good sides and bad ones. A prudent person seeks to develop the best and eliminate the bad.

Follow the rules of etiquette.

No one can achieve perfection in karate-do until he realizes that karate-do is also a belief in the way of life.

Shotokan is a relatively more complex style than others for a number of reasons:

1. This is the toughest style of karate and requires good physical condition.

The tiger - the totemic sign of the style - was one of the five "animal" styles practiced in the Shaolin Monastery. The style is distinguished by sharp, powerful, swift attacks and movements. The requirements for execution completely coincide with the Shaolin ones - the same sharpness, power, strength, low stances, maximum concentration of efforts in any action.

2. The execution of each technique must include several parameters at the same time:

Proper breathing, which activates the circulation of internal Ki energy;

Performing an action at the right time;

clear correct execution technical action and completion of the action;

The development of maximum effort at the impact amplitude for the minimum impact time and a sharp stop of the impact, which enhances the impact impulse (cyming), as well as the fastest reverse (reverse) movement of the limb.

3. The training program is quite complex and voluminous. Knowledge of more than twenty kata is required.

Particular attention is paid to:

The acquisition of a stable balance, which is achieved by working in low racks;

Strong rotational work of the hips in the horizontal plane in the direction of the blow or in the opposite direction to the blow, which significantly increases the force of the blow or block;

Compliance with the principle of "concentration - relaxation", i.e. timely and instant inclusion of all antagonist muscles in the final phase of movement. In this case, the positive acceleration is replaced by a negative one, which leads to an abrupt stop of the shock limb, due to which the resulting shock wave penetrates deep into the affected surface.

Shotokan differs from other styles of karate in the predominantly linear application of the force of blows, since the shortest path to the goal is a straight line.

Initially, Shotokan adopted the principle of "Ikken hisatsu", that is, "one hit on the spot."

AIKIJUJUTSU

Daito-ryu aikijujutsu is one of the oldest schools of bujutsu, believed to have been founded in 1087 by Yoshimitsu Minamoto (1056-1127). The central temple of the Yoshimitsu family was called Daito - “Great East”, and classes in Aikijujutsu were held in it, and since in Japan it was customary to name the school by the name of the place where martial arts were practiced, the name Daitoryu was formed by itself - “School of the Great East ". Before the Meiji Restoration, the art of the sword was more popular than jujutsu, which was then only beginning to be practiced.

The only exception was oshikiuchi (oshikiuchi - o - correct, shiki - etiquette, teach - inside the house) - a secret technique - the palace art of indoor combat, which formed the basis for the formation of Aikijujutsu techniques, supplemented by sword techniques and the corresponding movement system. The whole life of a person was serving the shogun, he died on the battlefield or killed himself, rarely died a natural death, so it was necessary to develop a system of palace etiquette that could reduce the level of violence within the family, within the clan. Oshikiuchi is a system that allows you to disarm a person without harming him, because it is an indoor fighting system, which is why there are so many techniques in suwari waza. It was categorized as "Otome Ryu", meaning that it was a style of martial art that was hidden from the general public and was forbidden to be taught. To understand what Aikijujutsu is, one must understand what oshikiuchi is, in what context, and in what environment it arose. Of course, before 1870, the techniques that were there could be used not only for disarming, but also for killing. Oshikiuchi was a defense system that allowed the law to be preserved, and if you understand this, then you stop looking for things in Aikijujutsu that do not exist there.

The ability, which came from working with a sword, to effectively coordinate the work of the body, arms and legs, while manipulating the wrists in a certain way, forms the basis of the Daitoryu techniques. In addition, the short sword technique (tanto), which was integral part Tamori Ryu is a sword school designed for defense inside the home.

Over the centuries of hand-to-hand combat, the technique has been improved and honed by superbly trained warriors. The techniques were carefully kept secret until the end of the nineteenth century, when master Sokaku Takeda introduced them to the general public. Later, Daitoryu was the basis for a large number of styles and directions in Aikijujutsu, which are now practiced all over the world.

Aikijujutsu, in its vast variety, even today gives preference to the spiritual education of students and judges their progress by changing their character, level of devotion, humanity, will, thus contributing to the prosperity of the Dojo, the progress of students in mastering the basic principles, increasing the level of personal development of each . All this makes it possible to initiate worthy students into the inner secrets of art.

Although the techniques may seem outdated to an outside observer, it is these techniques that make art timeless. Principles are never given to students in pure form. The main criterion for comprehending the truth is practice. Long and painstaking work on each of the techniques leads you to the desired result. As with all true bujutsu, there are no shortcuts to comprehension in Daitoryu.

At the heart of Aikijujutsu techniques is work in three planes, which gives you the opportunity to constantly unbalance your opponent. In the course of mastering technology, the understanding comes that learning ends only with death. Only when a student begins to realize simplicity, seemingly incomprehensible, makes every possible effort, proves his perseverance and perseverance - only then does he deserve teaching and the right to teach.

HAND FIGHT

A universal system for teaching defense and attack techniques, which combines many functional elements from the arsenal of world types of martial arts (impact technique with hands, feet, wrestling technique, painful holds), tested in real combat activity. A modern and rapidly developing type of martial arts, which gained popularity for full contact fights.

The system includes the following sections: technical actions; tactical actions; psychological preparation; special physical training; technical actions, this is a technique of punches, kicks, head, elbows, throws, grabs, etc. from different positions of the body at different angles. Actions in a fight with one or more opponents, armed or not. Working with melee weapons and items that replace them, and much more. Tactical actions are various options for actions in certain situations, including taking the right positions or moving in the right direction, etc. Special physical training consists of three levels, the development of which takes place in stages. It most effectively develops the parameters necessary for combat (speed, strength, endurance). It also contributes to excellent physical condition and health.

The term "kobudo" in Japanese means "ancient military way". The original name - "kobujutsu" - "ancient martial arts (skills)". Under this term, the art of owning various types of oriental types of edged weapons is represented today. Currently, there is a division of kobudo into two autonomous independent areas: 1. Nihon-kobudo - a direction that combines systems common on the main islands of Japan and uses in its arsenal bladed weapons of samurai origin and weapons from the arsenal of ninjutsu. 2. Kobudo (other names Ryukyu-kobudo and Okinawa-kobudo) - a direction that combines systems originating from the islands of the Ryukyu archipelago (modern Okinawa Prefecture, Japan) using tools (items) of peasant and fishing households of the inhabitants of these islands in the arsenal. The Russian Kobudo Federation is focused on spreading kobudo, mainly of Okinawan origin.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF KOBUDO.

With some stretch, we can say that the first person who began to use, along with primitive weapons, various improvised items to counter his own kind, was the founder of kobudo. But, if we talk about kobudo in modern sense words, then the above statement will be true only in part. One thing is clear, that the very first information about the origin of kobudo is lost in the mists of time. Today, there are two versions of the appearance and development of kobudo in Okinawa: legendary and modern, more realistic, based on the latest historical information. It should be borne in mind that the history of kobudo (kobujutsu) is inextricably linked with the history of karate-do, since the division of Okinawan hand-to-hand combat systems into unarmed and using weapons occurred relatively recently - at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. By the way, even now a number of karate schools in Okinawa have in their attestation programs the requirements for knowledge of not only karate, but also kobudo at the same time. But, we digress. So, the history of karate and kobudo says that these types of hand-to-hand combat began to develop on the Ryukyu Islands from time immemorial and were originally united under a certain system "Te" or "Okinawa-te", which meant respectively "Hand" and "Hand of Okinawa" .

This system has been repeatedly supplemented and expanded throughout its existence. So, in the XII century. (the Taira-Minamoto era), the defeated Taira clan rolled back from Japan to the south and, in part, settled on the Ryukyu. He brought to the islands a large store of military knowledge, including in the field of martial arts. In 1350, with the establishment of official relations with China, an embassy arrived in Okinawa to spread Chinese culture on the island. The transferred knowledge also included martial arts, which were well developed by that time in China. Chinese martial arts mingled with earlier Okinawan developments, giving new impetus to the development of combat systems on the island. By the beginning of the 15th century, the island of Okinawa, which was ruled by numerous feudal princes, was divided into three large states: Hokuzan (in the north), Chuzan (in the center) and Nanzan (in the south), - known as the "Three Kingdoms". In 1429, they were united under the rule of one ruler - Sho Hasi, with the capital in the city of Shuri. His descendant Sho Shin (1477-1526) finally eliminated feudal fragmentation, founded a state based on the principles of Confucianism, and gathered all the feudal princes of Okinawa (anji) in Shuri. At the same time, a ban was imposed on the carrying of swords and possession of weapons. This state, known as the Ryukyu Kingdom, lived and prospered thanks to trade with China, Korea, Japan and other states of Southeast Asia. In 1609, the samurai of the Japanese Satsuma clan from the island of South Kyushu invaded Okinawa and captured it. The new rulers tightened the "Decrees on Weapons" introduced by Sho Sin, and in 1699 banned the import of any weapon. Further, the legendary version says that at that time oppression reached such a level that one knife was issued for household needs for the whole village. It was then that the art of karate (unarmed combat) and kobudo (combat with the use of household items that were not weapons at that time) reached its peak. In order to fight the invaders from the Satsuma clan, peasants and fishermen began to create secret communities, the purpose of which was to expel the Japanese from the island. For this noble purpose, community members studied karate and kobudo, practicing day and night. And after a while, in battles with armed samurai, the islanders convincingly and more than once proved highest efficiency karate and kobudo. A more modern historical version states that in 1724, for various reasons, a large number of representatives of the Ryukyu nobility (shizoku) concentrated in Shuri. In order to free the capital from them, it was decided to allow shizoku to engage in trade, crafts, fishing and agriculture on remote islands and away from the cities of Okinawa. The nobles brought their culture to the new settlements, including knowledge in the field of kobudo. However, the local population, especially the peasants, who were loaded with work almost around the clock, were in a state close to that of a slave. Therefore, the development of kobudo was extremely slow and mainly among people from the nobility. After the Meiji Restoration (1848), the islands were annexed by the new government of Japan. In 1879, the last Ryukyu king Sho Tai was exiled to Tokyo. The Japanese government created a new prefecture - Okinawa. The process of Japaneseization of the indigenous population and the eradication of traditions and customs that were considered alien to the original Japanese began, which ended only at the end of World War II. In the period of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, Okinawa kobudo was practically forgotten, it was owned by a very small circle of masters, who often had scattered knowledge of certain types weapons. In the modern world, there are a small number of traditional Okinawan kobudo schools. The main ones are various versions of Ryukyu-kobudo by master Taira Shinken (1897-1970), Matayoshi-kobudo by masters Matayoshi Shinko (1888-1947) and his son Matayoshi Shinpo (1923-1997) and Yamani-ryu kobudo by master Chinen Massami (1898- 1976).

WEAPONS OF KOBUDO.

There are a large number of different types of weapons (mainly Chinese origin) and items that were not originally weapons, which are tools modified for combat use or without any changes. Following are the main types of kobudo weapons:- bo(other names: rokushakubo, kon, kun) - the most common weapon, a wooden pole (bo) six (roku) shaku long. The Japanese shaku measure was about 30.3 cm. the length of the pole was about 182 cm. The Okinawan names for the pole are "kon" or "kun"; - sai- a metal trident, the prototype of which was the vajra - one of the symbols of Buddhism. Another version relates the origin of the sai to the pitchfork for loosening the soil. Dual weapons. Related types of sai include: manji no sai (swastika-shaped sai) and nunti (spearhead, similar in shape to manji no sai); - tonfa(tunfa, tuifa, tuykha, tunfua, tonfua, toyfua, tonkua, tunkua, taofua) - a stick about 40 cm long with a transverse handle, originally a lever for turning the millstone of a hand mill. Dual weapons. - nunchaku- two sticks about 30 cm long, connected by a rope about 10 cm long. According to various versions, horse bits or a flail for threshing rice served as a prototype for the nunchaku; - jo(tsue, sutiko, sanshakujo, yonshakujo, hanbo) - a stick (staff) 90-120 cm long. - Kama- a sickle, an agricultural tool for harvesting rice. Used in singles and doubles. When used in pairs - nitegama (two sickles); - ecu(ueku, ieku, kai) - paddle;- surutin- a rope or chain with metal or stone sinkers reinforced at both ends. Device for mooring and fastening boats to the pier. There are two types: naga-surutin (3 m long) and tan-surutin (1.5 m);- kue(kuva) - hoe, ketmen;- nuntibo- prison, a pole about 210 cm long with nunti at one end; - tekko- metal spiked brass knuckles, a saddle stirrup could serve as a prototype. Dual weapons;- sansetsu-kon- a wooden three-link flail with links about 65 cm long connected by ropes or a chain about 5-7 cm long. - tinbe-rotin or tinbe-seiryuto - an unpaired weapon, originally a lid from a large pot (to-hai) in combination with a spatula for stirring rice - hare. To-hai was used as a shield, haera as a club. However, techniques with to-hai and haera were not canonized in a timely manner and therefore were subsequently lost. At present, to-hai has been transformed into a shield: a round metal (diameter approx. 60 cm) or bone, approximately oval shape made from the shell of a large sea turtle. Instead of hare, they use rotin or seiryuto. The rotin is a short javelin with a spearhead and often a forked shank. Seiryuto - billhook (machete) for cutting large fish;-

-tanbo(tambo, nityotanbo) - two thick uneven sticks 60-70 cm long. Dual weapons;

- tattoo(titchu) - knitting needles, short metal rods, pointed on both sides with or without rings in the middle part, with or without transverse protrusions. Dual brass knuckle weapons;

Other types;

In the FKR, the list of weapons, in addition to the listed types, includes a bokken, a wooden model of a samurai sword.

Currently, kobudo is experiencing a kind of renaissance period. A large number of schools of karate and other martial arts without weapons, for various reasons (often commercial), introduces work with weapons into their arsenal, borrowing information from all available sources. In some cases, the weapon tradition is adopted entirely from one of the well-known areas of Kobudo, but more often karate schools develop their own weapon arsenal, compiling it at their own discretion.

Expert of the Kobudo Federation of St. Petersburg - Vladimir Balyakin

SENE is a mixed martial arts system. He studies striking technique with hands and feet, throws, painful and suffocating techniques, self-defense techniques. The SEN'E School has been leading its history since 1969. The physical culture and sports public organization "All-Russian Federation SEN'E" received its legal status in 1991. The founders of the School of SEN'E are Kasyanov T.R. and Shturmin A.B. Students of the SEN'E School stood at the origins and made a significant contribution to the development of many types of martial arts in the territory of the former USSR, such as hand-to-hand combat, kickboxing, Thai boxing, taekwondo, etc.

SENE is a unique sports discipline of its kind, which is not only a kind of training ground for the development and improvement of physical qualities, the formation of a wide range of motor skills in the field of martial arts, but also forms the moral and volitional qualities of the person involved.

The tactical and technical arsenal of SENE is a viable and interconnected system for the synthesis of striking techniques of arms and legs, throwing, painful and choking techniques that allow fighting at various distances, using a wide range of combination actions regulated by the Rules in compliance with all the necessary principles of conducting a sports duel (control injury hazard, entertainment, objectivity of assessment of actions, etc.).

Currently, SENE, as a sport, is relevant and in demand for a number of objective reasons. Firstly, the occupation of SENE does not require large material costs for the equipment of sports facilities and equipment for those involved, and secondly, this system martial arts meets the growing interest of the general population in mastering diverse combat techniques, thirdly, SENE is an excellent means of positive educational influence on the younger generation, promoting a sustainable habit of a healthy lifestyle, forming a real defender of their Fatherland.

TAIJIQUAN

Taijiquan- a unique art of self-development, including martial arts, a health system, and meditative practice. Taijiquan is one of the optimal and harmonious ways of learning qigong - the practice of controlling one's internal energy.
Like qigong, taijiquan requires the simultaneous action of three factors - consciousness, movement and breathing. At the junction of qigong and taijiquan, complexes of taijiqigong exercises arose.
What will a taijiquan practitioner get? First, physical and spiritual health, longevity. Secondly, a means for relaxation and stress relief, the ability to quickly overcome stress and conscious actions in extreme situations.
Thirdly, the harmonization of the emotional sphere and interpersonal relationships.

Willow Path

Mac Woon Ken - Donald

Introduction.

"Softness is the soul of the willow, it is able to direct the force of the wind against itself"

An old poem about the benefits of softness in martial arts describes an example of the softness of a tree like a willow that gives in, bends before strong winds during the storm, instead of resisting them.

Due to the absence of this resistance, the willow continues to live after the storm, while trees that refuse to succumb to the wind can be damaged or even uprooted. The Wing Chun Kuen of my respected Sifu Chow Tze Chuen, handed down to him by Grand Master Yip Man, is based on the idea of ​​softness overcoming hardness. This article will explain the main points of Wing Chun Kuen Sifu Chow that make this gentle submission possible. There will be sections on neutralizing with structure, dispersing with footwork, using the shoulder line to create a void, etc.

Give in like a willow.

The willow is chosen by us as a metaphor to illustrate the wise strategy and method of overcoming the attacking forces. In order for a willow tree to grow, seeds must first be planted. Powerful roots, a straight trunk, flexible branches and leaves grow from seeds. This is the basis for using the concept of pliability like a willow. In actual practice, the hands can be seen as leaves and branches that make first contact with the attacking force. With the right alignment with the direction of the force, the opponent's force can be reduced to nothing without disturbing the structural integrity of the Wing Chun practitioner, just as willow branches and leaves succumb to the wind while remaining in place. Secondly, a Wing Chun practitioner's torso can be likened to a willow trunk - upright and structurally erect in order to take in the opponent's strength internally and redirect it using wrist strength, or take it into the ground through the legs. The third basis of assimilation to a willow is the development of powerful roots that allow the practitioner of Wing Chun to be stable, not allowing him to be pushed into an unstable position by any external force.

Conditions for learning how to be malleable.

In our study of Wing Chun, as taught by Sifu Chow Tze Chuen, we put emphasis on developing the following points that are essential in understanding how to be pliant:

Relaxation The first key to understanding how to successfully absorb an opponent's strength lies in total relaxation at all times, especially during combat;

We define proper relaxation as "not using unnecessary muscle tension that does not contribute to the efficiency of movement towards the goal." Relaxing, one can understand the meaning of internal martial arts, defined by four criteria:

"Yuk Yau But Yuk Keung" means that the practitioner of Wing Chun should give in instead of resisting the opponent with muscular strength;

"Yuk Shun But Yuk Yik" - encourages the Wing Chun practitioner to move harmoniously, and not fight with the flow of the opponent's power;

"Yuk Ding But Yuk Luen" - a practitioner of Wing Chun must move clearly, stably, evenly, for constant control of the center line;

"Yuk Jui But Yuk San" - A Wing Chun practitioner must correctly use his body mass as a whole, and not separate and inefficient use of it.

Central line.

The second key lies in the constant control of the center line. The center line is so important in Wing Chun that it can be said to be the art of defending and attacking the center line. The principle of "Man Fat Gwai Chung" (literally "ten thousand techniques originating from the center line") best describes the pivotal role of the center line in Wing Chun.

The meaning is that during the attack and defense, the opponent will attack the center of the practitioner's body, because. the most vulnerable places are located there. Understanding the center gives the Wing Chun practitioner a reference area from which to build attack and defense strategies. With the right direction (reference path) it becomes possible to redirect and reduce the attacking force into the void. This strategy will be discussed in the next paragraph on shoulder line.

Fixed elbow.

The third point is the concept of a fixed elbow. It is necessary to keep the elbow close to the body and on the center line. Holding the elbow stationary gives the practitioner constant protection of his body throughout the fight without having to do it every time the opponent attacks or counterattacks. Proper elbow position also allows the body to be grouped behind the arms, allowing the practitioner to use the power of the entire body rather than relying on local arm strength. The condition of spontaneous (unintentional) use of the center line is also satisfied. For this reason, a common instruction in the school of Grand Master Yip Man was that the student should not keep the elbow too close or far from the body. Proper elbow position allows the practitioner to redirect the opponent's strength using the entire body rather than the separate arms, which is common among beginners.

Correct body position.

The fourth key is correct body position. In Wing Chun, the point of correct body position is for the practitioner to keep their center line perpendicular to the horizontal line formed by the shoulders. In this case, both hands can be easily used to attack without the need to constantly move the body. Attack and defense accuracy is also greatly increased by using the 2D isosceles triangle used to place the body in the most advantageous position relative to the opponent in order to successfully redirect force and counterattack. Body position allows the Wing Chun practitioner to use the sides of the triangle to direct the opponent's force to a safe area.

Simultaneous defense and attack.

The fifth point is the ability to defend and attack at the same time. This is told by another principle "Siu Da Tong Bo" or "Sheung Kiu Bing Hang". The main idea of ​​"Lin Siu Dai Da" (Simultaneous Attack and Defense) is the next prominent characteristic of Wing Chun.

The principle requires that all defensive actions be accompanied by an attack for a short time, in order not to lose a short-term advantage over the opponent. Or, to put it simply, the best defense is an attack. In a real combat situation, it is necessary to control external and internal factors. Improper control of factors means possible damage due to several causes such as fatigue, slowing down, loss of concentration, etc. The use of simultaneous attack and defense in connection with the concept of non-resistance encourages the practitioner to not resist the opponent, using his strength, body position, line and angle of movement to take the best position from which he can best control the opponent's body and therefore dominate him.

Racks.

The last key in learning how to properly control the strength of an opponent is the ability to use Wing Chun stances. A properly held stance allows the practitioner to absorb the strength of the opponent in a static stance, and in a dynamic stance to move the body so that the opponent cannot catch on the body.

Keys to understanding how to be flexible.

In the final part, we will touch on the moments needed for pliability as a willow sags in the face of a large force of the wind.

Neutralization with shoulder line. This is the basic mechanism for yielding to more force. It encourages the practitioner to lead the opponent's strength in such a way that it falls into the void using the line of the shoulders. The sides of the two-dimensional isosceles triangle, which is described in the section on correct body position, can be thought of as a way for a Wing Chun practitioner to bring the opponent's net force vector together.

Use of body structure.

The principle of Wing Chun is "Ying Siu Bo Fa, Ying Fu Sung Yung" (structure neutralizes, legs disperse, opponent can be controlled with less force). This principle shows the importance of proper body structure and footwork.

Correct body structure means:

immobility of the elbows;

using the structure to "roll" the enemy force;

weight is on one leg;

movement comes from the waist;

Point 1 has already been considered. Items 2-4 are outside the scope of this article. The following illustration by Sifu Chow gives the reader an idea of ​​the structure from which the force rolls and the distribution of weight on one leg.

Proper structure allows the practitioner to be supple like a willow in the following way:

Stay in one place while absorbing the opponent's force in the practitioner's body, forming a vector to direct the force directly from the point of its application to the ground, where the opponent's force is safely redirected;

Rotate the body while controlling the center line and accompanying the opponent's attack so that they fall into the neutralizing line of the shoulders, formed by a two-dimensional isosceles triangle, becoming safe. However, the dynamics of real combat are such that sometimes the practitioner has to step back, especially if the duel is against a person who can move quickly or deliver a blow much more powerful than the practitioner's motionless body can absorb. This is where the footwork from the second part of the Ying Siu Bo Fa principle comes into play.

Use of footwork.

An application from "Ying Siu Bo Fa" as stated above in "Using Structure", when the structure of a static body or turning the body in place is not enough to neutralize an opponent's attack, a step back becomes necessary. In Wing Chun our lineage, the use of the legs allows the practitioner to either move the body completely out of the direction of the attack, or to follow the vector of the opponent's force. Footwork requires the practitioner to move to a strategically more advantageous position from which to counterattack while maintaining 100% weight on one leg paired with a properly aligned shoulder line. The use of footwork has other purposes as well. The introduction of the legs into the process allows the Wing Chun practitioner to expand the range of motion in order to not only neutralize but also close the gap, catch up, bridge and follow the opponent's movements in all directions. At the same time, the opponent's movements will be cut off, limited, or fall into the void, not finding an opportunity to use force against the practitioner.

Conclusion.

In this article, we introduced the reader to the unique features of the Wing Chun direction, how he came to Sifu Chow Tze Chuen from the Great Master Yip Man. The use of key points - the foundation of Wing Chun, paired with the ability to be pliable akin to a leaning and swaying willow during a strong storm, makes Wing Chun Kuen a reasonable and excellent style of martial arts in our opinion. In the words of Grand Master Yip Man, "If you stand on the highest mountain, there is no one above you. Wing Chun is above us."

Sifu Donald Mac.

February 2000.

STYLE KARATE

often identified with traditional karate, although these are different concepts. Traditional karate should be understood as those directions that have retained their ideology, basic principles, mode of action, content of the program and training methodology in the state in which they were laid down by the founders.

Essentially, traditional karate is a cultural and aesthetic phenomenon, the main purpose of which is to preserve and popularize Japanese traditions in martial arts. The training of athletes or hand-to-hand combatants is not the task of traditional directions.

Martial art, from the position of traditional Japanese attitudes, is expressed in the demonstration of exquisite movements, filled with strength and speed, as well as in the education of a perfect body and military spirit. By our time, there are practically no truly traditional directions in karate.

What is spreading today is style directions retaining some traditional features. Names, symbols, rituals, as well as the technique of performing kata, interpreted by the masters of each subsequent generation, were inherited from previous generations. This is mainly due to the wide spread of sports and commercial karate, as well as the emergence of a large number of new types, many of which are focused on commercial success.

COMPLEX MARTIAL BATTLE

an applied type of martial arts, created in 2003 on the basis of the most rational techniques and tactics of boxing and kickboxing, freestyle wrestling and sambo - in conditions of active confrontation, against the backdrop of high mental stress and physical fatigue. Comprehensive Martial Arts consists of two versions: Sports-applied and universal-full-contact. The sports-applied version began to emerge at the Moscow Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia since 1996 and is a basic training for the formation of motor skills in shock and wrestling techniques. According to this version, the largest part of the competition and training is held, and the competition consists of two rounds of three minutes of pure time with a minute break. The first round is a striking martial art in boxing gloves and protective equipment, where punches to the head and kicks to the defense are allowed. The second round is in the nature of a sports fight without protective equipment, with throws and painful holds. The winner is determined by the highest number of points scored in two rounds or a clear victory - knockout or submission.

Universal-full-contact version began to be implemented in the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation, after the tournament of the strongest fighters of special forces, which took place in the city of Moscow in 1992. The version is a kind of testing ground for testing the effectiveness of various techniques in a tough confrontation, without protective equipment in boxing gloves.

In competitions according to this version, within the framework of one duel, divided into three two-minute rounds with a minute break between them, punches, kicks, throws and painful holds are allowed.

In 2003, it was decided to bring both directions together, as a result of which the system of Comprehensive Martial Arts appeared. Her promotion as independent species sports, it was decided to hold within the framework of the Federation of Comprehensive Martial Arts, established on April 11, 2003 at a conference that included 49 regions of Russia.

ORIENTAL

Mixed martial arts style. It is interesting, first of all, because it is a system of mixed martial arts, a synthesis of striking techniques with hands and feet and wrestling according to uniform rules.

Since ancient times, mankind, in an effort to protect itself, invented a variety of methods and methods of self-defense, improved weapons. It was in this context that the gradual development combat arts, which have largely lost their combat focus and evolved into sports. The East was the ancestor of most of modern systems hand-to-hand combat. However, in everyday consciousness, most of the latter, both ancient and quite modern, are associated with the Far East, primarily with China, Japan and Korea. In the last decades of the last century, this list Thailand included. This is not surprising - karate, jiu-jitsu, judo, wushu, taekwondo and Thai boxing are extremely popular around the world. However, the Middle East has also given the world its combat systems, some of which are becoming mainstream these days. Perhaps the most diverse and detailed such system is the Iranian Oriental.

This martial art got its name from Mount Arvant (Iranian "Alvand"), located near the city of Hamadan. In addition, the term "Oriental" has long been commonly used in the meaning of "Eastern". Thus, this system is an oriental martial art.

Oriental began its development in Hamadan in the second half of the last century. The "father" of this style was a specialist in various types of martial arts, master Mohammad Hasem Manuchihri. basis for creating new martial arts In the beginning, the ancient Iranian type of wrestling began - koshti, the martial art of the game alak dolak, as well as the so-called shadow wrestling. Soon Oriental also included the basic techniques and strikes of boxing, karate, freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling, as well as judo. As a result, a complex martial art was formed, which includes all aspects of hand-to-hand combat - work in a stance, including punches, knees, elbows; in capture, with the use of various throws, sweeps and stalls; as well as in the stalls, with blows, painful and suffocating techniques.

From the beginning of the 70s of the 20th century, the oriental went beyond the borders of Hamadan and began to spread in the southern and eastern parts of Iran. However, a series of political upheavals that overtook the country just at that time could not but affect the development of sports. It was seriously complicated and slowed down. The first national championship took place only about 30 years later - in 2000. By this time, thousands of Iranians were practicing Oriental. By the end of the first decade of the 21st century, at least 15 thousand adherents of this style were recorded in the Islamic Republic. In 2005, the World Oriental Federation (World O-sport Federation) appeared, which began to spread under the name O-sport. This discipline was recognized by the United Nations, which was personally stated by its Secretary General Kofi Annan, emphasizing the national, Iranian basis of Oriental.

In oriental sports, both shock and throwing techniques are allowed, as well as the technique of working in the stalls with the use of wrestling, painful techniques (mixed fight). Adherents of various martial arts and schools can find themselves in oriental sports because this sport consists of several sections.

ARMY HAND FIGHT

This is a universal system for teaching defense and attack techniques, which has absorbed all the best from the arsenal of world martial arts, tested in real combat activities, worked out on the multinational Russian soil.

date of birth ARB considered to be 1979 when the first championship of the airborne troops took place in the city of Kaunas at the sports base of the 7th Guards Airborne Division. Created by specialists and enthusiasts of physical training and sports of the Airborne Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, other types and branches of the military, the ARB was successfully introduced into the training program and became the main component of the forms of physical training of military personnel.

The versatility of hand-to-hand training, spectacular fights, reliable protective equipment and clear refereeing made the new kind sport popular among military personnel. This made it possible to hold the first championship of the Armed Forces in 1991 in the city of Leningrad, which determined the ways and directions for the development of the ARB.

The Military Institute of Physical Culture (VIFK) became the educational and methodological basis for the development of the ARB. At the Department of Overcoming Obstacles and Hand-to-Hand Combat, future specialists in physical training and sports of the Armed Forces and law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation, CIS countries, near and far abroad are trained in the basics of ARB. In the hand-to-hand combat center, instructors are trained, coaches and judges improve their skills. The research center is engaged in the development and publication of manuals, textbooks and manuals on hand-to-hand combat.

In order to popularize and develop the ARB, on the initiative of the Sports Committee of the Ministry of Defense (SC MO), in 1992, the Federation of Army Hand-to-Hand Combat (FARB) within the framework of the Army Association of Contact Martial Arts (AAKVE). The purposeful work of the FARB together with the SC MO made it possible to include the ARB in the military sports classification for 1993-1996, in the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification for 1997-2000, develop and publish competition rules in 1995 and obtain from the State Sports Committee of Russia the right to provide documents for conferring the title of "Master of Sports" and sports categories.

All types of martial arts originate from ancient times, when fighting styles were developed and used on enemies to protect families, villages and tribes. Of course, at first the old martial arts were quite primitive and did not reveal the capabilities of the human body, but over time they were improved and transformed into completely different directions, making them more cruel and aggressive (Thai boxing) or, conversely, soft, but no less effective (Wing Chun). ).

Ancient martial arts

Most historians consider wushu to be the ancestor of all martial arts, but in refutation of this there are other opinions supported by facts:

1. The very first martial art arose in 648 BC and was called "Greek pankration".
2. The Turkic people, who lived on the territory of modern Uzbekistan, developed the martial art "Kerash", which became the ancestor of modern martial arts.
3. The Hindus, like other peoples, also practiced the creation of an effective method of fighting and, according to many historians, it was they who laid the foundation for the development of martial schools in China and the rest of the East.

Note: the third hypothesis is considered the most realistic, and its study continues even now.

Martial arts: types and differences

In the East, martial arts have a completely different purpose than in Europe or America, here everything is not so much in self-defense, but in the spiritual development of a person through the performance of physical tasks, the correct overcoming of which allows you to reach the next level of harmony of the soul.

The best types of martial arts in European countries are based solely on self-defense and the protection of man and society, but in the oriental arts of warfare everything is completely different, there cripple a person is considered not the best solution to the problem.

When considering martial arts, it is most common to start with China, which, according to many people, introduced the martial arts of oriental origin to other states, but there are many other countries in the east that practice their martial arts and gain followers around the world with great success.

Karate and judo are the most popular martial arts. Types, of course, are not limited to just two styles, no, there are quite a few of them, but there are even more subspecies of both famous methods, and today many schools insist that their style is real and priority.

Chinese martial arts

AT Ancient China people practiced wushu, but until 520 this type of martial arts stood at a “dead point” in development, and only helped protect the inhabitants of the country from raids by surrounding tribes and feudal lords.

In 520 BC, a monk named Bodhidharma from the territory of modern India comes to China and, under an agreement with the Emperor of the country, creates his own residence on the territory of the Shaolin Monastery, where he begins to practice merging his knowledge of martial arts with Chinese wushu.

Bodhidharma did not work on a simple merger of wushu and his martial art, he did a great job, during which China switched to Buddhism, although it had previously practiced Confucianism and in some parts of the country Taoism. But the most important achievement of a monk from India is the transformation of wushu into a spiritual art with elements of gymnastics and at the same time strengthening the combat side of martial arts.

After the work of the Indian monasteries, they began to develop wushu directions and create sports, martial and health styles of martial arts. After spending many years teaching the Chinese, wushu masters reached the island of Okinawa (previously not owned by Japan, but practiced jiu-jitsu), where they studied Japanese styles of martial arts and developed the famous karate.

Japanese martial arts

The first in Japan is jiu-jitsu, which was not based on contact with the enemy, but on how to succumb to him and win.

During the development of self-defense, the basis was the state of mind and focus on the enemy in such a way that the fighter stopped seeing the environment and completely concentrated on the opponent.

Jiu-jitsu is the founder of today's judo, with the exception of traumatic throws and fatal blows to the enemy, but the basis of both arts of fighting the enemy is the same - to succumb in order to win.

Combat sports

Popular martial arts do not only exist in the form of serious fighting techniques, and many of them have styles that were originally developed as combat sports. There are dozens of types of contact techniques that are related to sports today, but the most popular are boxing, karate, judo, but mixed martial arts MMA and others are gradually gaining popularity.

One of the first to come to the sport was boxing, the purpose of which was to cause maximum harm to the opponent so that he could not see or the judge stopped the fight due to the abundance of blood. Judo and karate, unlike boxing, are soft, forbid contacts in the face, which is why they are valued not as but as martial arts. Sports like boxing or mixed martial arts are gaining popularity due to contact and aggression, which gives them high ratings.

Other types of martial arts

Each country has its own martial arts, which were developed in the style of behavior of the inhabitants or their living conditions.

A serious example of the development of a martial art in terms of lifestyle and weather conditions is the ancient Russian style of fighting lyubka.

In the old days, it prepared ordinary peasants for self-defense even against professional soldiers, for which it was invented on the principle of local weather conditions. During Maslenitsa, the peasants played a popular game on ice, where several rows of residents (men) walked towards each other and had to break through the enemy's "wall", and physical contact was allowed (with the exception of the face and groin area).

The ice prepared the peasants for difficulty and forced them to learn to maintain balance even in difficult conditions for this, and the martial art itself was not aimed at harming, however, the fighters should have knocked out the enemy (unconsciousness).

They were successful at any time, but now they have reached the world level as one of the sports. There are a great many types of martial arts, and they can be divided into two large groups: martial arts and European.

Types of martial arts:

Karate. This martial art originates from the island of Okinawa. The very first Okinawan style of karate was especially brutal, and was not at all like the one that everyone knows now. It wasn't until they moved to Japan in the 19th and 20th centuries that karate styles became more athletic and less combative. Therefore, this type of martial arts is deservedly considered Japanese, and is so popular all over the world and in Russia, in particular.

Kung Fu. In China, this word refers to all Chinese martial arts in general. This term is similar to the Russian one - "hand-to-hand combat", which implies any combat training of a person. However, in China, its synonym is more common - wushu. It has gained a lot of popularity lately wing chun.

Jujutsu. Another Japanese martial art that was previously used in battles by Japanese samurai. His technique is similar to that of karate, judo and aikido.

Judo. This martial art was developed on the basis of jiu-jitsu, and is now a type of wrestling.

Aikido. It also originated from jiu-jitsu, and is currently very popular. His technique is to bring his opponent off balance and use his strength against him.

Taekwondo. This martial art was created in Korea. In the same place, in the Korean special forces, taekwondo-keksul is still used - a more fighting style, but it cannot be mastered outside of this country.

Muay Thai. This type of martial art is more common in Thailand, it is very traumatic, as it is based on knees and elbows.

Types of European and Russian martial arts:

Boxing. The most popular and oldest type of European martial arts, the purpose of which is the ability to strike without damaging the hand.

Savat. This type of martial art is also called French boxing. The peculiarity of this technique is the use of kicks to the lower level, steps and sweeps.

Sambo. Sambo was developed on the basis of national wrestling and judo techniques in the USSR for use in law enforcement agencies and in sports.

In addition to these main types of martial arts, there are also such as capoeira, kickboxing, krav maga, combat hopak and many others.

Martial arts is a set of skills, techniques and techniques aimed not so much at attack as at protecting loved ones and self-defense. Most of them originate in the East and Asia and have an ancient history and many directions and styles.

There are an incredible number of different martial arts. They can be classified according to the method of combat: with the use of weapons and without; wrestling with legs, arms, in clutch; on ancient arts and quite new ones. It can also be divided on a regional basis: into European, Eastern and other martial arts. Speaking of European fighting techniques, we can mention Greco-Roman wrestling, which has been included in the program of the Olympic Games, the World Championship and Europe for quite a long time. It originated in ancient Greece and has received modern development in France. Boxing is an ancient martial art in special gloves, it can also be seen in the Olympic "arena". Unlike Greco-Roman wrestling, where the legs are not used, savate or French boxing is built mainly on kicking techniques.

Baritzu is a mixed English martial art described by Arthur Conan Doyle in books about Sherlock Holmes, thus making him even more famous. German jujutsu teaches the art of self-defense. Sambo is a hand-to-hand combat technique created in the USSR, based on judo techniques. Fencing is a very beautiful and elegant form of martial art, which is a set of techniques for owning hand-held melee weapons.

There are many more martial arts originating in the east, and often their essence is much deeper than just fighting and self-defense. Most of all different techniques and fighting styles in China. For all of them there is a common name kung fu or wushu, almost all of them originate from the famous Shaolin monastery.

Japan rightfully owns the most popular martial art in the world - karate. Contact between rivals is minimized there, victory is achieved by applying crushing blows with limbs to pain points. In judo and jiu-jitsu, on the contrary, a lot of grabs, holds, chokes and throws are used.

Aikido is a relatively young fighting technique that tempers not only the body, but also the spirit. Sumo is an unusual and spectacular form of Japanese martial arts. Heavyweight opponents may only touch the ring with their feet - anything else is considered a loss.

Of the martial arts of Japan with the use of weapons, kendo, nunchaku-jutsu, kobujutsu and kabudo can be distinguished. Masters of kendo are fluent in the Japanese sword - katana. Nunchaku-jutsu teaches techniques with nunchaku - an oriental edged weapon, which consists of two sticks connected by a chain or cord. And the other two types of martial arts use in their practice improvised objects and special edged weapons designed for defense and attack.

In other parts of the world, self-defense was also turned into a sport and an art. Capoeira is a mesmerizing Brazilian wrestling dance where only kicks are used. Kuresh is a Kazakh fight with belts, it is an integral element of the national holiday Sabantuy. Korean tehwando, tough American kickboxing, Thai boxing - all these martial arts have found their place in Russian martial arts schools.

Despite the fact that it is not easy to achieve results in any type of martial arts and you will have to go through many injuries and unfortunate failures, engaging in any martial arts will not only give you a sense of self-confidence and your strengths, but will also raise your overall social status.

Many scientists have proven that the first martial arts originated in the east. Their roots are in India, but they have already gained distribution and development in Asian countries. A large number of kite wars inherent in these countries raised the art of combat to a new level, and on the basis of different religions and laws of states, a huge number of variations of martial arts schools were created.

Kung Fu

There is an opinion that kung fu, as a type of martial arts, was founded by the Indian monk Badhiharma, in China he was called Damo. According to legend, he is a prince from the south of Idia, having renounced his privileges, he became a Buddhist monk. Traveling in China, he began to live in the Shao-lin monastery. Local pilgrims seemed to him weak in body and incapable of leading a Buddhist hermit life. Deciding to help the brothers, he began to train them with general physical exercises. These studies proved to be effective, and the monks began to constantly improve. Later, on the basis of exercises, a system of combat protection against robbers arose, of which there were a lot in those days.

wushu

Wushu talou is a martial art. Candidates compete in sets of exercises composed of the techniques of many types of wushu, adding acrobatic numbers to their performances.

The results depend on the difficulty of the exercises, the correctness of their performance, the clarity of movements, etc. Sanda - free form sparring. Full contact with the opponent is allowed in this style. The participant must have a helmet that protects the jaw and temples, a mouthguard, boxing gloves, a vest, a hood. Many bandage the tibia and thighs to protect against injury.

Jiu-jitsu

Jiu-jitsu is a collective term for Japanese species martial arts, which includes fights with and without weapons. This style was used by samurai when fighting against an armed opponent. Due to the development of armor making techniques, the damage caused by weapons was minimized, so effective way enemy defeats were captures and throws. The principle of single combat is based on the use of the inertia of the enemy against him, which allows you to win the battle in different weight categories. Thanks to the development of many schools of jiu-jitsu, there are a large number of tricks and techniques. By using this style, you can take full advantage of different types of wrestling. Many dojos taught weapons in addition to hand-to-hand techniques.

taekwondo

Taekwondo is a type of oriental martial art that came from Korea, the creator of which was army officer Choi Hong Hi in the fifties of the last century. The concept of taekwondo consists of several parts: "te" - leg, "kwon" - fist, "do" - art, road. The creator of the school himself is of the opinion that taekwondo is a training of the spirit and body, together with the development of unarmed fighting techniques, as well as powerful punches and kicks, allowing you to fight with several opponents at once. A feature of the style is the presence of a large number of tricks performed in the jump.

Muay Thai

Muay Thai is a type of martial art created in Thailand, formed from the techniques of traditional peasant martial arts "muay boran". He has similar techniques with similar types of martial arts, for example, paradal seray (Kombodia), lehwei (Myanmar), tomo (Malaysia). The word "muay" is derived from the phrase mavya thai - "free fight". The peculiarity of the style is the use of the eight limbs of a person, along with the arms and legs, the knees and elbows are also used. Unlike budo martial arts, Muay Thai does not have sets of exercises (kata), various combinations have been introduced to replace them, and punches are practiced on boxing bags.

Kudo

Kudo (Daido Juku Karate Do) is a kind of oriental martial arts that came from Japan, which connected the movements and strikes of various types of martial arts. The creator of this school is Azuma Taksashi in the 80s. The rules of sparring allow the use of wrestling techniques, as well as shock movements with all limbs throughout the body, with the exception of the groin, back and neck. Choking techniques are allowed, as well as wrestling on the ground.

Shotokan karate do

Shotokan is a fairly common style of martial arts in karate. This style was founded by Funakoshi Gichin, a student of karate masters from the island of Okinawa - Itotsu and Asato. The traditional style was a fighting version and had similarities with the Okinawan schools. In the future, Funakoshi's son Giko Funakoshi, who created a sporty and less aggressive version of Shotokan, made a great contribution to the development of the style. Among the styles of karate, do setokan stands out for its versatility. It was created as a symbiosis of speed and strength, which is the reason for the choice of the symbolism of the style - the tiger. Shotokan techniques are designed for powerful, but at the same time, fast kicks and punches, at close or medium range.

Strengthens health, promotes mental and intellectual development, teaches discipline and self-control. These calculations are suitable for any kind of sports. In this article, we invite you to talk about the benefits of martial arts, what they teach, and which martial arts are the most popular in the world.

We will not sin against the truth if we say that martial arts are most useful for children. This is due to the fact that children, due to their natural curiosity and strong learning abilities, grasp everything literally on the fly, they do not need to be convinced and retrained for a long time. However, for adults, the benefits of martial arts are undeniable. When practicing martial arts, a person:

• become healthier physically and spiritually,
• develops coordination of movements and speed of reaction,
• becomes more self-confident and able to stand up for himself,
• learns to be disciplined and purposeful,
• learns to respect their teachers, associates and opponents.

You can talk endlessly about the benefits of martial arts. But what to choose? What are the types of martial arts in the world? In total there are 3 classes of martial arts:

1. wrestling (classical (Greco-Roman) wrestling, freestyle wrestling) - there is practically no need for striking in them. The purpose of the wrestling is to lay the opponent on the shoulder blades with the help of technical techniques, while in classical wrestling one has his own arsenal of techniques, in freestyle wrestling - his own, which is slightly wider than in classical wrestling (grabs of the opponent’s legs, sweeps are allowed),
2. percussion (boxing, kickboxing) - contact types of martial arts, involving striking the enemy with both hands (boxing) and kicks (kickboxing),
3. martial arts - they are singled out in a separate class, since this is not just a sport, it is a whole philosophy. Oriental martial arts develop the physical qualities of students, and also pay attention to their spiritual education.

Chinese martial arts

All Chinese martial arts have been developed over the past 2000 years. There are a lot of them, like the Chinese. There are different kinds of classifications of Chinese martial arts. We will briefly describe each of them.

According to the geographical classification, there are:

Historically, there are 18 provinces in China, and each of them has its own styles of martial arts. The most famous are Shanxi, Hebei and Henan.

By the nature of manifestations, martial arts are:

• physical (external) - wushu, teaching how to avoid conflict situations, sanda
• spiritual (internal or religious) - Shaolin martial arts (Shaolinquan, Hong Gar, Wing Chun, dragon and white crane style), Taijiquan, Baguazhang, Tan Tui, Xingyiquan and Kyoshikan.

Naturally, it is impossible to unambiguously define the best martial art of China, there are many differences in them, and + - each student will find something for himself.

Japanese martial arts

Japanese martial arts are also numerous. On our website, we have already written about and, so now we will tell you about what types of martial arts in Japan still exist:

• jiu-jitsu is the progenitor of many types of wrestling. The founder of jiu-jitsu, Okayama Shirobei, based his teachings on the principle that gentleness conquers evil. Jiu-jitsu involves throws, strikes and force on the joints, as well as strangulation techniques,
• judo (from the Japanese "soft way") - does not involve striking an opponent, its goal is to put the enemy in a helpless position and defeat him,
• kendo (from the Japanese "way of the sword") is a modern Japanese swordsmanship that originated from the samurai and involves the unity of three elements: "ki" - the spirit, "ken" - the sword and "tai" - the body,
• sumo - a type of wrestling, the purpose of which is to defeat an opponent by forcing him to touch the floor in the ring with any part of the body, except for the feet,
• Kempo is a type of ancient martial art, which is a combination of many martial arts techniques. Now the name "kempo" is used to refer to martial arts in general,
• kobudo - (from the Japanese "ancient military way") - the collective name of the art of owning various types of oriental types of edged weapons.

To make your final choice, visit a well-reputed martial arts center in your city.

Russian martial arts

It is believed that the concept of "Russian martial arts" in the traditional sense of the word does not exist. Obviously, this happened because the Russian martial art resembles a dance. Any national dance is a fighting form of plastic movement. If we add an accurate understanding of the work of the muscles and the bone apparatus to the plasticity, then a perfect combat form of movement will come out. The Russian school of martial arts has identified the following types of martial arts in the list of martial arts:

• Cossack saved, which has much in common with martial arts. According to this teaching, a person can transfer his consciousness to the naviya (astral body), klubje (mental body), kolobya (budhic body) and divya (devakonic body). By transferring energy into one of the bodies, a person can evade an attack and inflict crushing blows on the enemy,
• fist fight- competitive male practice of fighting at an average distance, allowing punches and kicks, throws, grips, as well as various movements,
• hand-to-hand combat - a universal system for teaching defense and attack techniques,
• sambo is a young martial art and self-defense system developed in the Soviet Union, based on Japanese judo and traditional folk wrestling,

Naturally, in each of the listed types of martial arts there are world-famous martial arts masters: Jet Li in wushu, Fedor Emelianenko in mixed martial arts, Muhammad Ali in boxing, Alexander Karelin in classical wrestling, Masutatsu Oyama in karate, Wally Jay. in jiu-jitsu and many others. All of them serve as role models and proof that nothing is impossible in the world.

Let's start with the fact that the best school is the one that suits you personally, your physical form and vision of yourself in martial arts. You can succeed in any of them, if you wish - but for mastering the peaks of sumo, asthenics, for example, will have to spend more time. In the end, martial arts are the same training, only with shock or throwing techniques.

Different areas of martial arts develop different qualities and even muscle groups. Some of them teach you how to use the energy of an opponent, others are aimed at practicing powerful punches, others with legs, and others will build endurance or develop jumping ability.

In some ways, martial arts are reminiscent of yoga: in them you can find your spiritual path, or you can only take the technique and learn to stand up for yourself. Below is a description of the most popular types of martial arts, which will help you decide on the choice of school.

Jujutsu

This martial art is suitable for those who want to learn self-defense techniques. Jiu-jitsu emphasizes the skills of a fighter on the ability to defend himself, to free himself from captures, to use tactics not to attack, but to use the opponent's strength to his advantage.

Kicks and punches are present, but the technique does not roll into hand-to-hand combat. The main thing here is the efficient use of energy (one's own and someone else's), which allows you to defeat a larger and stronger opponent. Jiu-jitsu does not belong to the aggressive types, this martial art pumps dexterity and dexterity.

taekwondo

This Korean martial art is so popular that in 1988 it was included in the program of the Olympic Games. The translation of the name into Russian: “the path of the hand and foot”, which unequivocally hints at the upcoming mastery of the art of strikes with all limbs. Taekwondo combines both attack and self-defense techniques, besides, these are exercises, an official sport, meditative techniques and a whole oriental philosophy.

AT state of the art Taekwondo focuses on defense and control. The emphasis is on standing kicks, as the legs can reach farther and deal more damage than the hands. In the technique of martial arts - various sweeps, painful holds, strikes with an open palm and grabs.

Aikido

One of the youngest martial arts in Japan. Just like many martial arts of the Land of the Rising Sun, aikido includes physical and spiritual practices. It is also effective as a development of strength, dexterity, the ability to stand up for oneself - regardless of physical data. Aikido is the art of protection for everyone, because there are no restrictions on age and physical development.

Aikido techniques for the most part consist in using the opponent's attack, controlling his energy, strength and movement, which ends with throws or grabs. The name itself reflects this: “aiki” means “connection with power”, “do” means the way.

wushu

A very spectacular sport with full contact. This Chinese martial art has a lot of strength, acrobatics, jumping, balancing, beautiful poses and beats (like in the movies). Another name is kung fu, since the term "wushu" itself refers to all traditional Chinese martial arts.

There are hundreds of wushu subspecies, somewhere more than acrobatics and "stage skills", somewhere - powerful blows and tricks, sweeps and "turntables". The main thing you need to know before making a choice in favor of this martial art is that wushu develops strength well, and the fighting styles taught in Russian kung fu schools are reminiscent of Thai boxing.

Judo

Translated from Japanese - "soft (flexible) way." Judo is based on throws, painful holds, strangulations. Movements should be economical in terms of physical strength, there is less energy expenditure, but more improvement of the spirit, more self-defense, more sports training. More than 20 million people practice judo all over the world, because it has a good educational character and teaches the harmony of soul and body.

Unlike boxing, karate, and other striking styles, judo only explores hand-to-hand combat techniques to perform throws and grapples. This martial art formed the basis of other modern martial arts: the creators of aikido, sambo, Brazilian jiu-jitsu were engaged in it.

Despite the sports orientation and following the rules of the competition, no one would want to meet a judoka in an extreme situation. These are always prepared people who will repulse any villain in a dark alley.

Sambo

Sambo is a system of self-defense without weapons, which was developed in the USSR. Judo, Armenian koch, Tatar kuresh and many other martial arts formed the basis of martial arts.

At the heart of practical sambo is a complex of effective defense and attack techniques that have already been worked out by centuries of martial arts-donors. It is noteworthy that SAMBO is constantly developing, including new techniques and techniques in its arsenal. The philosophy of martial arts resembles the principles of the GTO: physical development, readiness for self-defense, detention of the enemy, education of moral stamina.

Karate

Or karate-do, translated from Japanese - "empty sleeve". From 2020, martial arts will become an Olympic sport, although it was originally a hand-to-hand style for self-defense.

Now karate is incredibly popular, in part, thanks to spectacular demonstrations. Masters at demonstration performances show the strength and power of the practiced blows, breaking thick boards with a blow of the palm or breaking blocks of ice.

Unlike many Japanese martial arts, karateka does not use grips, painful and suffocating techniques. But they know how to hit an opponent in vital points of the body with accurate and powerful blows. Crushing and biting urakens, spectacular and swift ura-mawashi-geri ... Perhaps more Japanese style and not find.

Boxing

Boxing is a classic that it makes no sense to talk about in detail. It's worth mentioning that this sport produces fighters who REALLY know how to use their hands, and in a street fight they are difficult to compete with. By the way, does everyone remember the fight between UFC star Conor McGregor and professional boxer Mayweather? That's the same.

If you want to enroll in a boxing section, you should be aware of some of the nuances. Firstly, it is difficult for a boxer to cope with an armed opponent, and secondly, with kicks. The third point - in an extreme situation, you will not have gloves, a referee, ropes and a girl with a sign. On the other hand, dodge punches and knock out boxers in the blood, so attack and defense are balanced here.

Thai boxing

Muay Thai is the martial art of Thailand, it is very popular all over the world and competes with karate, judo and sambo. Perhaps this is the art of combat that is closest to a real duel. There are strict rules here, but the blows are the same. Here - full contact, striking technique with arms and legs, and targets - the most vulnerable places on the body.

Grabs and throws are also important, especially chokes. If you master this martial art, you will be able to confidently walk through the most dangerous areas of the city (but it’s better not to do it anyway), because the training will be harsh. Thais are preparing real fighters without rules who can resist any opponent.

It may be difficult for you to combine training and public speaking at work, as sometimes you will have bruises on your face and marks from grips on your neck.

Kickboxing

Another type of martial arts that prepares for real fights. Kickboxing was formed by karate masters who did not want to obey the sporting rules of martial arts. The new style incorporated kicking techniques from several oriental styles and boxing fist techniques.

Kickboxing is popular in culture, because it is spectacular, dynamic and somewhat “bloody” - full contact leaves cuts and hematomas, so athletes usually use a cap, a helmet (to protect their heads from kicks) and also an inguinal shell (for girls - a cuirass).

Kickboxers are similar to CrossFitters in that they build strength, endurance, coordination, speed, and flexibility.

Professional boxers, Muay Thai, judoists, sambists are always dangerous opponents. Choose martial arts to your liking, but do not forget: the best fight is the one that did not take place. In this sense, running can also be called martial arts for real pacifists.

Martial arts or martial arts is a set of techniques that allows you to defeat or cause maximum damage to the enemy, based on the mastery of your body and concentration of the spirit. Martial arts is not just a set of physical exercises and rules of combat. Often this is a philosophy, a life's work, a heavy professional duty.

Each fighter has his own motivation and goals. Training in martial arts is necessary for self-defense, demonstration of strength, endurance, dexterity, achievement of inner harmony. At the same time, victory is not always built on physical superiority over the enemy. The martial artist uses the opponent's strength and height against himself, thereby gaining the upper hand in the fight.

martial arts classification

There are a huge number of methods and techniques for close combat. Representatives of each nation, nationality or individual country sought to create their own unique evasions, blows and tricks to protect themselves from numerous enemies. Hence the classification of wrestling on a national basis:

1. Oriental and Asian. They are subdivided into:
   • Japanese: kobujutsu, judo, sumo, karate, kudo, iaido, kendo, aikido;
   • Chinese: traditional kung fu, wushu;
   • Korean: taekwondo, hapkido;
   • Thai: Muay Thai;
2. European: fencing, kickboxing, freestyle wrestling, French savate, English bartitsu, boxing, jujutsu, freestyle wrestling;
3. Brazilian: jiu-jitsu, capoeira;
4. Russians: fistfight, Slavic-Goritsa wrestling, sambo, wall-to-wall, shod san lat (Ingushetia), kuresh (Bashkiria). It is in the Russian school of martial arts that the techniques developed for the needs of the army are widely represented: SEB (effective combat system), the Russian domestic self-defense system, hand-to-hand combat.

There are also less well-known and common Azerbaijani gyulesh, Georgian khridoli, Kazakh Kazakhsha kures, Georgian chidaoba, Israeli Krav Maga and others.

The division of martial arts according to the techniques used is common:

• Throwing - excludes striking. The task is to knock the opponent down or force him out of the arena with the help of pushes, grabs and holds. Such methods are typical for freestyle or classical wrestling, sumo, grappling, jiu-jitsu.
• Shock - various types of boxing, capoeiro, taekwondo, karate - striking an opponent with hands, feet, as well as with the help of knees, elbows, wrists.
• Mixed - a symbiosis of different styles and schools. It is the most traumatic, but at the same time, a spectacular view. Such martial arts include: combat sambo, kudo, Russian hand-to-hand combat.

There is also a division by purpose:

• sports - fencing, freestyle wrestling, kickboxing, boxing, karate and others. Distinctive features are the presence of strict rules, judges, time limits. The main task is to prove your superiority over the rival athlete.
• combat - various techniques of hand-to-hand combat, krav maga, bartitsu. The task is self-defense and neutralization of the enemy. There are no competitions in these martial arts.
• mixed - martial arts, widely loved by street masters. Of course, the complete physical destruction of the enemy is not provided, but there are practically no restrictions and rules.

Thus, there is no single generally accepted classification of martial arts. The list of martial arts is long, and the techniques and techniques are varied. Some involve the use of weapons (fencing, kung fu, wushu), others are aimed at achieving spiritual enlightenment and the ideal; in some, the emphasis is on the fight against several opponents, the basis of others is one-on-one combat. It can be said that martial arts are aimed at the internal development of a person, the achievement of harmony. While Russian and European traditions consider self-defense and aggressive protection of a person to be the basis.

The difference between martial arts and martial arts

Speaking about the existing types of struggle, it is necessary to understand the fundamental
the difference between martial arts and martial arts.

The main goal of any martial art is to sort things out with an opponent in the sports ring. Clearly set time and rules of the fight, the presence of protective equipment, the presence of judges and spectators, a scoring system, certain standards, sports titles and awards - contribute to an honest fight with a single opponent.

Martial art is more of a street or military direction. These are fights one on one or with a group of aggressive people, the purpose of which is to commit violent acts towards their victim. The use of martial arts skills helps to survive and neutralize the attacker.

The most popular martial arts

Karate. One of the most popular destinations. Initially, the technique was used for self-defense and did not involve the use of any weapon. The defeat of the enemy is inflicted with the help of accurate and powerful blows to vital organs. Demonstration performances of karate masters are very spectacular: they break blocks of ice, stacks of boards or tiles with their bare hands and feet.

Greco-Roman wrestling. sporty look included in the Olympic program. The athlete must unbalance the opponent, make him fall, press him to the mat and hold him in this position for some time.

Judo. A very soft style based on grabs, turns, throws and holds. The philosophical component is also important. Judo is first of all the upbringing of the spirit.

Boxing. It involves striking with hands protected by special gloves. The fight lasts up to 12 rounds. It may end earlier if the opponent fell into the ring and could not get up within 10 seconds.

Sambo. A view aimed at disarming the enemy and self-defense. Uses throws, holds, grabs. In addition, there is a sports direction with a scoring system.

The most cruel and exotic martial arts

Not in every fight you can count on the honesty of the enemy and mercy in case of loss. There are martial arts that are characterized by cruelty and high injury rates.

Bokator. The direction originated in Cambodia. It involves applying merciless elbows and knees to the most sensitive parts of the body, holding, dislocating joints, sharp throws and strangulation.

Buck. Homeland - the slums of Peru. The main task is to survive. The tremendous speed of the attack, fractures of the limbs, strangulation and strong blows to the vital organs - these are the techniques that characterize this direction.

Lerdrit. A set of techniques used by representatives of the special forces of Thailand. The fight is reduced to the instant killing of the enemy with a strong blow to the throat or temple.

Kalaripayattu. Indian martial art, the masters of which, with the help of a single point blow to a certain place, are able to paralyze or kill their victim.

Hand-to-hand combat. Russian equipment, which is trained by special forces soldiers. Speed, endurance and strength are the main components of this direction. The main goal is complete control over the body of the enemy, its instant detention and destruction if necessary.

Martial arts carry tremendous power. They can lead to sports victories, fame and success. They can save lives and protect the weak. They can cause injury, injury, or death. You can not treat them lightly and thoughtlessly. Any power should be for the good and help people.

Video about martial arts (techniques)