Cn fire protection systems fire alarm. Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design

We bring to your attention the answers to the questions in accordance with GOST R 53325-2009 and the Code of Rules (SP 5.13130.2009), which are given by specialists of FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia Vladimir Leonidovich Zdor, Deputy Head of the Research Center for Fire and Rescue Equipment, and Andrey Arkadievich Kosachev, Deputy Head of the Research Center for Fire Prevention and Warnings emergencies with fires.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

GOST R 53325-2009

p. 4.2.5.5. “… If external switching of technical characteristics of fire detectors is possible, the following requirements must be met:

- each value of the set technical characteristics must correspond to a certain marking on the fire detector, or this value must be available for control from the control panel;
- after the installation of the fire detector, there should be no direct access to the adjustment means. "

Question: If unaddressed smoke detector has 3 levels of sensitivity, programmable from an external remote control, in what form should this be reflected on the detector label?

Answer: The marking of the detector, if it is possible to adjust its sensitivity, is applied at the location of the regulator. If the detector is adjusted from an external control panel, then the information about the set value must be retrieved either from the control panel or from the service equipment (the same external control panel).

p. 4.9.1.5. "... IPDL components (receiver and transmitter of two-component IPDL and transceiver of one-component IPDL) must have adjusting devices that allow changing the angle of inclination of the optical beam axis and the directional diaphragm of IPDL in the vertical and horizontal planes."

Question: Most likely, you meant the "PPDL directional pattern"?

Answer: There is certainly a typo in the text. The "directional diagram" should be read.

p. 4.9.3. "Methods for certification testing of linear optical-electronic smoke detectors". 4.9.3.1. “... The determination of the IPDL operation threshold and the interruption of the optical beam of the IPDL is carried out as follows. Using a set of optical attenuators, installed as close as possible to the receiver to minimize the effects of scattering in the attenuators, the detection threshold is determined, sequentially increasing the attenuation of the optical beam. If, after installing the attenuator, within a time period not exceeding 10 s, the IPDL generates a "Fire" signal, then the value of the detector response threshold is fixed. The threshold value of each detector is determined once.
IPDL is transferred to standby mode. The optical beam is blocked with an opaque partition for a period of time (1.0 ± 0.1 s). They control the maintenance of the standby mode of the IPDL. Then, the optical beam is blocked with an opaque partition for a time of 2.0 2.5 s. They control the issuance of the IPDL signal "Fault".
The IPDL is considered to have passed the test if the measured response thresholds satisfy the requirements specified in 4.9.1.1, the ratio of the maximum and minimum response threshold does not exceed 1.6, the IPDL kept the standby mode when the optical beam is blocked for a time of (1.0 ± 0.1) s and issued a “Fault” notification when the optical beam was blocked for a time of (2.0 ± 0.1) s ”.

Question: Why is the requirement "more than 2 s" specified in paragraph 4.9.1.10 of this document, but here the range is (2.0 ± 0.1) s?

Answer: An error was made during the layout of the document. The time value specified in paragraph 3 of clause ((2.0 ± 0.1) s) should be read as in paragraph 2 ((2.0 ± 2.5) s).

p. 4.10.1.2. “... According to their sensitivity, aspiration detectors should be subdivided into three classes:

- class A - high sensitivity (less than 0.035 dB / m);
- class B - increased sensitivity (in the range from 0.035 to 0.088 dB / m);
- class C - standard sensitivity (more than 0.088 dB / m ").

Question: Is it correct to understand that this paragraph means the sensitivity of the detector processing unit itself, and not the sensitivity from the hole?

Answer: The sensitivity of the aspirating detector cannot be considered separately: the sensitivity of the hole and the sensitivity of the processing unit, since this detector is a single technical tool. Please note that smoky air can enter the processing unit from more than one hole.

p. 6.2.5.2. "... Fire alarms should not have external volume controls."

Question: What are the reasons for this requirement?

Answer: The loudness level created by voice annunciators is regulated by the requirements of clause 6.2.1.9. The presence of a volume control available for unauthorized access nullifies the fulfillment of the requirements of this paragraph.

p. 7.1.14. "... PPKP, interacting with fire detectors via a radio channel communication line, must ensure the reception and processing of the transmitted value of the monitored fire factor, analysis of the dynamics of changes in this factor and decision-making on the occurrence of a fire or on the failure of the detector."

Question: Does this requirement mean that all radio-channel fire detectors must be analog?

Answer: The requirement applies to the control panel, and not to the detectors.

SP 5.13130.20099

p. 13.2. "Requirements for the organization of control zones fire alarm».

p. 13.2.1.“... One fire alarm loop with fire detectors (one pipe for air sampling in case of using an aspirating detector), which does not have an address, is allowed to equip a control zone, including:

- premises located on no more than two interconnected floors, with a total area of ​​premises of 300 m2 or less;
- up to ten isolated and adjacent premises with a total area of ​​not more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, lobby, etc .;
- up to twenty isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of ​​no more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, lobby, etc. entrance to each controlled area;
- conventional fire alarm loops must unite rooms in accordance with their division into protection zones. In addition, the fire alarm loops must unite the premises in such a way that the time to establish the place of fire by the personnel on duty with semi-automatic control does not exceed 1/5 of the time, after which it is possible to implement safe evacuation of people and extinguish the fire. If the specified time exceeds the specified value, the control should be automatic.
The maximum number of conventional fire detectors powered by the alarm loop must ensure the registration of all notifications provided for in the used control panel. "

Question: The maximum number of rooms monitored by one pipe of the aspirating detector?

Answer: One aspiration detector can protect the same number of rooms located in accordance with clause 13.2.1, as with one non-addressable wired alarm loop with point fire detectors, taking into account the area protected by one aspiration detector.

p. 13.9.4. “... When installing pipes for aspiration smoke detectors in rooms with a width of less than 3 m, or under a raised floor, or above a false ceiling and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m, the distances between the air intake pipes and the wall specified in Table 13.6 may be increased by 1, 5 times. "

Question: Does this point also allow for an increase in the distance of 1.5 times between the air sampling openings in the pipes?

Answer: The location of the air sampling openings, as well as their size, in the aspiration detector is determined by technical specifications these detectors, taking into account the aerodynamics of the air flow in the pipes and near the air intake openings. As a rule, information about this is calculated using a mathematical apparatus developed by the manufacturer of the aspirating detector.

GOST R 53325-2009 and SP 5.13130.2009: contradictions

1. Stability technical means to electromagnetic interference.

To eliminate equipment failures, including false alarms of systems fire protection, in terms of electromagnetic compatibility, in our country there is a fairly serious normative base... On the other hand, in the Code of Rules of the Joint Venture 5.13130.2009 its developers remained in their old positions: clause 13.14.2. "... Fire alarm control devices, fire control devices and other equipment operating in installations and systems fire automatics, must be resistant to electromagnetic interference with a degree of severity not lower than the second in accordance with GOST R 53325 ".

Question: Are the detectors referred to the above "other equipment"?

(In all European countries, the EN 50130-4-95 standard is in effect. This standard establishes the requirements for electromagnetic compatibility for absolutely all security systems (OPS, ACS, SOT, SOUE, ISO), including fire alarm and automation).

Question: The lower limit of compliance with the requirements of this standard of technical safety equipment is our Russian 3rd degree of severity?

Answer: In the National Standard GOST R 51699-2000 “Electromagnetic compatibility of technical means. Resistance to electromagnetic interference of technical equipment burglar alarm... Requirements and test methods " harmonization with the above-mentioned EN 50130-4-95 was carried out, which once again proves the inexpediency of using technical means with the 2nd degree of severity in modern conditions of an electromagnetic environment as the main sources of failures in systems.

Question: In accordance with what recommendations it is possible and necessary to choose the required degree of rigidity in order to fulfill the requirements of clause 17.3 of SP5.13130.2009 "Technical means of fire automatic equipment must have parameters and designs that ensure safe and normal operation under the influence of the environment of their location"?

Answer: Resistance of technical equipment (TS) to electromagnetic interference (EMF).

To increase the protection of the vehicle from EMF, it is necessary to complicate both the electrical schematic diagram, and the design of the vehicle, which leads to their rise in price. There are objects where the EMF level is very low. The use of vehicles with a high degree of protection against EMI at such facilities becomes economically unprofitable. When a designer chooses a vehicle for a specific object, the degree of rigidity of the EMC performance of the vehicle should be selected taking into account the magnitude of the EMF at the facility according to generally accepted methods.

2. Fire tests of fire detectors.

Questions:

a) Why when transferring the requirements of GOST R 50898 “Fire detectors. Fire tests "in Appendix H GOST R 53325" Fire fighting equipment. Fire automatic equipment. General technical requirements... Test methods "from the procedure for conducting fire tests were removed graphs of the dependence of optical density on the concentration of combustion products and optical density of the medium on time (Fig. L1-L.12) for test fires? Lack of control over the progress of test fires will allow accredited test laboratories to make incorrect measurements, which can discredit the tests themselves?

b) Why has the procedure for placing the detectors under test disappeared from the procedure for conducting fire tests?

c) In clause 13.1.1 of the Code of Rules of the joint venture

5.13130.2009 it is stipulated that: "... The choice of the type of point smoke detector is recommended in accordance with its sensitivity to various types of fumes." At the same time, in the order of conducting fire tests in Appendix H of GOST R 53325, the classification of detectors by sensitivity to test fires is removed. Is this justified? There was a good selection technique.

Answer: The introduction of simplification in the process of conducting fire tests in comparison with the provisions of GOST R 50898 was made in order to reduce their cost. As practice has shown, the test results in accordance with Appendix H GOST R 53325 and GOST R 50898 have minor discrepancies and do not significantly affect the content of the test conclusions.

3. Fire detectors, installation rules.

In SP 5.13130.2009 Appendix P, a table is given with the distances from the upper point of the overlap to the measuring element of the detector at various angles of inclination of the overlap and the height of the room. A link to Appendix P is given in clause 13.3.4: “Point fire detectors should be installed under the ceiling. If it is impossible to install the detectors directly on the ceiling, they can be installed on cables, as well as on walls, columns and other load-bearing building structures... When installing point detectors on walls, they should be placed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the corner and at a distance from the ceiling in accordance with Appendix P. can be determined in accordance with Appendix P or at other heights, if the detection time is sufficient to perform fire protection tasks in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, which must be confirmed by calculation ... ".

Questions:

Answer: Point fire detectors should include point heat, smoke and gas fire detectors.

b) What distances from the ceiling to the measuring element of the detector are recommended when installing the detectors near the ridge and near the inclined ceiling in the middle of the room? In which case is it recommended to adhere to the minimum distances, and in which maximum - according to Appendix P?

Answer: In places where the convective flow "flows", for example, under the "ridge", the distance from the overlap is chosen large according to Appendix P.

c) At angles of inclination of the overlap up to 15 angles. deg., and, consequently, for horizontal slabs, the minimum distances from the slab to the measuring element of the detector, recommended in Appendix P, range from 30 to 150 mm, depending on the height of the room. In this regard, is it recommended to install the detectors directly on the floor using brackets to ensure the recommendations given in Appendix II?

d) Which document provides a method for calculating the implementation of fire protection tasks, in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, when installing detectors at other heights than those recommended in Appendix P?

e) How should the deviation from the requirements of clause 13.5.1 of SP5 in terms of the height of the IDPL installation be confirmed, and where is there a methodology for carrying out the calculations indicated in the note?

Answer (d, e): Method for determining the time of occurrence of limit values dangerous factors a fire hazardous to a person at the level of his head is given in Appendix 2 GOST 12.1.004.
The time of fire detection by fire detectors is carried out according to the same methodology, taking into account the height of their location and the values ​​of hazardous fire factors at which the detectors are triggered.

f) Upon detailed consideration of the requirements of clause 13.3.8 of SP5, there are obvious contradictions in the content of tables 13.1 and 13.2. So, in the presence of linear beams on the ceiling with a room height of up to 3 m, the distance between the detectors should not exceed 2.3 m.The presence of the cellular structure of the ceiling beams at the same height of the premises implies large distances between the detectors, although the conditions for localizing smoke between the beams require in this case the same or more stringent requirements for the distances between PIs?

Answer: If the size of the overlap area formed by the beams is less area protection provided by one fire detector, table 13.1 should be used.
In this case, the distance between the detectors located across the beams decreases due to poor spreading convective flow under the overlap.
In the presence of a cellular structure, spreading occurs better, due to the fact that small cells are filled warm air faster than large bays with linear beams. Therefore, detectors are installed less frequently.

SP 5.13130.2009. In the requirements for the installation of point smoke and heat detectors, a reference is made to clause 13.3.7:

p. 13.4.1. "... The area controlled by one point smoke detector, as well as the maximum distance between the detectors, the detector and the wall, except for the cases specified in 13.3.7, must be determined according to Table 13.3, but not exceeding the values ​​specified in the technical specifications and passports for specific types of detectors.

p. 13.6.1. The area controlled by one point heat fire detector, as well as the maximum distance between the detectors, the detector and the wall, except for the cases specified in clause 13.3.7, must be determined according to Table 13.5, but not exceeding the values ​​specified in the technical specifications and passports for detectors ".

However, in clause 13.3.7, any cases are not specified:
p. 13.3.7. The distances between the detectors, as well as between the wall and the detectors, given in Tables 13.3 and 13.5, can be changed within the area shown in Tables 13.3 and 13.5.

Question: Does it follow from this that when placing the detectors, only the average area protected by the fire detector can be taken into account, without observing the maximum permissible distances between the detectors and from the detector to the wall?

Answer: When placing point fire detectors, it is possible to take into account the area protected by one detector, taking into account the nature of the spreading of the convective flow under the ceiling.

p. 13.3.10"... When installing point smoke detectors in rooms with a width of less than 3 m or under a raised floor or above a false ceiling and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m, the distance between the detectors specified in Table 13.3 may be increased by 1.5 times."

Questions:

a) Why is it said that it is allowed to increase only the distance between the detectors, but it is not said about the possibility of increasing the distance from the detector to the wall?

Answer: Since, due to the limitation of the spreading of the convective flow by the structures of the walls and floors, the flow is directed along limited space, an increase in the distance between point detectors is carried out only along a narrow space.

b) How does the requirement of clause 13.3.10 correlate with the content of clause 13.3.7, where in all cases it is allowed to provide only the average area protected by a fire detector, without observing the maximum permissible distances between the detectors and from the detector to the wall?

Answer: For narrow spaces no more than 3 m in size, the spread of smoke is still difficult.

Since clause 13.3.7 talks about a possible change in distances within the protection area provided by one detector, clause 13.3.10, in addition to clause 13.3.7, states that it is permissible to increase the distance by only 1.5 times for such zones. ...

p. 13.3.3.“... It is allowed to install one automatic fire detector in the protected room or allocated parts of the room, if the following conditions are met simultaneously:

… C) identification of a faulty detector is provided by means of light indication and the possibility of its replacement by the duty personnel within a set time, determined in accordance with Appendix 0… ".

Questions:

a) Does SP 5.13130.2009 allow clause 13.3.3 subparagraph c) identification of a faulty detector using light indication on the control panel or on the indicator panel of the PPKP / PPU?

Answer: Clause 13.3.3 allows any methods of detecting the malfunction of the detectors and its location in order to replace it.

b) How should you determine the time for which the detection of a malfunction and replacement of the detector should be ensured? Are there any ways to calculate this time for different types objects?

Answer: Functioning of objects without a system fire safety where such a system is required is not permitted.

From the moment of failure of this system, the following options are possible:

1) the technological process is suspended until the system is restored, taking into account clause 02 of Appendix 0;

2) the functions of the system are transferred to the responsible personnel if the personnel are able to replace the functions of the system. It depends on the dynamics of the fire, the scope of functions performed, etc.

3) a reserve is introduced. Reserve ("cold" can be entered manually (replacement) by the duty personnel or automatically, if there are no duplicate detectors ("hot" reserve), taking into account clause O1 of Appendix O.

The operational parameters of the system should be given in the design documentation for the system, depending on the parameters and significance of the protected object. At the same time, the system recovery time given in the design documentation should not exceed the permissible suspension time technological process or the time of the transfer of functions to the duty personnel.

p. 14.3.“... To form a control command according to clause 14.1 in the protected room or protected area, there must be at least:

• three fire detectors when they are included in the loops of two-threshold devices or in three independent radial loops of one-threshold devices;
• four fire detectors when they are included in two loops of one-threshold devices, two detectors in each loop;
• two fire detectors meeting the requirement of clause 13.3.3 (a, b, c), connected according to the logical "I" scheme, provided that the faulty detector is replaced in a timely manner;
• two fire detectors connected according to the "OR" logic circuit, if the detectors provide increased reliability of the fire signal ".

Questions:

a) How to determine the timeliness of replacing a faulty detector? How long should be considered necessary and sufficient to replace the detector? Is Appendix O referring in this case?

Answer: The allowable time for the introduction of a reserve manually is determined based on the standard level of safety of people in case of fire, the accepted level of material losses in case of fire, as well as the likelihood of a fire at the facility of this type... This time interval is limited by the condition that the probability of exposure to hazardous fire factors on people during a fire does not exceed the standard. To estimate this time, the methodology of Appendix 2 of GOST 12.1.004 can be used. Estimates of material losses - according to the method of Appendix 4 GOST 12.1.004.

b) What should be understood as increased reliability of a fire signal? Do you mean taking into account the recommendations in Appendix P? Or something different?

Answer: Requirements for required parameters technical means of fire automation, as well as methods of their verification during testing, one of which is the reliability of the fire signal.

Technical means using the methods given in Appendix P, when tested for exposure to factors not related to fire, have a greater reliability of the fire signal compared to conventional detectors, which are switched on according to the "AND" logic to increase reliability.

4. Notification

SP 5.13130.2009 p. 13.3.3. It is allowed to install one automatic fire detector in the protected room or allocated parts of the room, if the following conditions are met simultaneously:

… D) when a fire detector is triggered, a signal is not generated to control fire extinguishing installations or fire warning systems of type 5 by, as well as other systems, the false operation of which can lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of safety of people.

SP 5.13130.2009 p. 14.2. Formation of control signals for warning systems of 1, 2, 3 types of software, smoke removal, engineering equipment controlled by the fire alarm system, and other equipment, a false operation of which cannot lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of safety of people, is allowed to be carried out when one fire detector, taking into account the recommendations set out in Appendix R. The number of fire detectors in the room is determined in accordance with section 13.

Questions:

There is a contradiction regarding the 4th type of notification. In accordance with clause 13.3.3 d), it is allowed to install ONE detector per room (of course, if the other conditions of clause 13.3.3 are met) when generating a control signal for notification of the 4th type. In accordance with section 14, the formation of control signals for notification of the 4th type should be carried out when at least 2 detectors are triggered, which means that their number in the room should be determined in accordance with clause 14.3. Which of the conditions should be considered decisive in terms of the number of detectors installed in the room and the condition for generating control signals on type 4 SOUE?

Answer: p. 13.3.3, p. d) does not exclude the installation of one fire detector while simultaneously fulfilling conditions a), b), c) to generate control signals for fire warning and evacuation control systems (SOUE) of the 4th type in case this does not lead to a decrease in the level of safety people and unacceptable material losses in case of fire. In this case, fire detectors must protect the entire area of ​​the control zone, be monitored, and it must also be possible to timely replace faulty detectors.
The increase in the reliability of the fire detection system is provided in this case manually.
Insufficient reliability of a fire signal when using a single conventional detector can lead to an increase in false alarms. If the level of false alarms does not lead to a decrease in the level of safety of people and unacceptable material losses, this option for generating a signal management of SOUE The 4th type can be adopted.
In clause 14.2, it is allowed to generate a signal for starting type 1-3 SOUE from one fire detector with increased reliability of the fire signal without switching on the reserve, i.e. with reduced reliability, also if this does not lead to a decrease in the level of safety of people and unacceptable material losses in the event of a detector failure.
The options for generating the control signal of the SOUE, given in clause 13.3.3 and clause 14.2, imply the justification for ensuring the level of safety of people and material losses in case of fire when using these options.
Variants of control signals generation, given in clause 14.1. and 14.3 does not suggest such justification.
In accordance with clause A3 of Appendix A, the design organization independently chooses the protection options depending on the technological, design, space-planning features and parameters of the protected objects.
Art. 84 p. 7.… It has been determined that the fire warning system must function for the time required for evacuation.

Questions:

a) Should the sirens, as elements of the warning system, also be resistant to the temperatures characteristic of the developed fire? The same question can be posed in relation to power supplies, as well as control devices.

Answer: The requirement applies to all components of the SOUE, depending on their location.

b) If the requirements of the article of the law apply only to communication lines of warning systems, which in this case must be carried out with a fire-resistant cable, should switching elements, switchboards, etc. also be fire-resistant?

Answer: The stability of technical means of SOUE to the effects of fire factors is ensured by their execution, as well as placement in structures, rooms, areas of rooms.

c) If we consider that the requirements for resistance to fire do not apply to sirens located in a room in which a fire occurs, since people are evacuated from this room in the first place, should the stability conditions for communication lines with sirens installed in different premises, when the emergency room sirens are destroyed?

Answer: The stability of the electrical connecting lines must be guaranteed unconditionally.

d) What regulatory documents is the method of assessing the fire resistance of the elements of the warning system regulated (NPB 248, GOST 53316 or others)?

Answer: Methods for assessing the stability (resistance) from the effects of fire factors are given in NPB 248, GOST R 53316, as well as in Appendix 2 of GOST 12.1.004 (for assessing the time to reach the maximum temperature at the location).

e) At which point of the joint venture are the requirements for the duration of uninterrupted operation of the SOUE determined? If in clause 4.3 of SP6, then a significant amount of previously produced and certified equipment does not meet these requirements (an increase in the alarm operation time by 3 times in comparison with the requirements of NPB 77).

Answer: The requirement of clause 4.3 of SP 6.13130.2009 refers to power supplies. At the same time, it is not excluded to limit the provision of power supply in the alarm mode to 1.3 times the task execution time.

f) Is it possible to use receiving and control devices that have the function of monitoring control circuits for remote sirens as control devices for SOUE at facilities? This refers to PPKP that meet the requirements of clause 7.2.2.1 (a-e) of GOST R 53325-2009 for PPU ("Granit-16", "Grand Master", etc.).

Answer: Alarm control panels that combine control functions must be classified and certified as devices that combine functions.

Source: "Security Algorithm" No. 5 2009

Questions on the application of SP 5.13130.2009

Question: Should the provisions of clause 13.3.3 of SP 5.13130.2009 be applied to addressable fire detectors?

Answer:

The provisions of clause 13.3.3 are as follows:
“It is allowed to install one automatic fire detector in the protected room or allocated parts of the room, if the following conditions are met simultaneously:


c) the detection of a faulty detector is ensured and the possibility of its replacement within a set time, determined in accordance with Appendix O;

Addressable detectors are called addressable because it is possible to determine their location by their address, determined by the addressable control panel. One of the main provisions that determine the possibility of applying clause 13.3.3 is the provision of clauses. b). Addressable detectors must have automatic performance monitoring. In accordance with the provision of clause 17.4, Note - "Technical means with automatic monitoring of operability are considered technical means that have control of components that make up at least 80% of the failure rate of a technical means." must have automatic performance monitoring. If it is impossible to identify a faulty fire detector in address system it does not correspond to the provision of nn. b). In addition, the provision of clause 13.3.3 can only be applied if the provision of clauses 13.3. v). The assessment of the time required to replace a failed detector with a functional monitoring function for objects with an established fire probability when installing one detector in accordance with the provision of clause 13.3.3 of SP 5.13130.2009 is carried out on the basis of the following assumptions in the given sequence.

Answer:
According to SP5.13130.2009, Appendix A, Table 2A, Note 3, GOST R IEC 60332-3-22 is indicated, which provides a method for calculating the combustible mass of cables. You can also see the named technique in the electronic magazine "I am an electrician". The calculation methodology is given in the journal with detailed explanations. The amount of combustible mass, for different types cables, can be found on the website of the Kolchuginsky cable plant (www.elcable.ru), in the reference information section on the reference technical information page. I ask you not to forget that in addition to cables, a large number of other communications, and they can also burn under certain conditions.

Question: In what cases should an APS be installed in the ceiling space?

Answer:
The need to equip the APS ceiling space is determined in accordance with the provision of paragraph A4 of Appendix A to SP 5.13130.2009.

Question: Which fire detection system should be preferred for the earliest possible fire detection?

Answer:
When using technical means, the principle of reasonable sufficiency should be followed. The technical means must fulfill the objectives of the target at their minimum cost. Early detection of a fire is associated primarily with the type of fire detector and its placement. When choosing the type of detector, the predominant fire factor should be determined. In the absence of experience, you can use calculation methods for calculating the time of occurrence of the limit values ​​of hazardous factors of fire (blocking time). The fire factor, the onset time of which is minimal, is predominant. The same technique is used to determine the time of fire detection by various technical means. When solving the first target task - ensuring safe evacuation people define the required maximum time for fire detection as the difference between the blocking time and the time of evacuation. The resulting time, reduced by at least 20%, is a criterion for choosing technical means of fire detection. At the same time, the time of formation of the fire signal by the control panel is also taken into account, taking into account its algorithm for processing signals from fire detectors.

Question: In what cases should information about the fire be transmitted to the control panel 01, incl. by radio?

Answer:
The fire alarm is used not for itself, but for the implementation of the objectives of the goal: the unconditional protection of life and health of people and the protection of material values. In the case when fire extinguishing functions are performed by fire departments, the fire signal must be transmitted unconditionally and in time, taking into account the location of this department and its equipment. The choice of the transmission method, taking into account local conditions, is the responsibility of the project organization. It should always be remembered that the cost of equipping is a small fraction of the cost compared to losses from a fire.

Question: Should only cables with high fire resistance be used in fire protection systems?

Answer:
The use of cables should be guided, as always, by the principle of reasonable sufficiency. Moreover, any decisions require their justification. SP 5.13130.2009 and the new edition of SP 6.13130.2009 require the use of cables that ensure their resistance for the duration of tasks in accordance with the purpose of the systems in which they are used. If the contractor is unable to justify the use of the cable, then cables with maximum fire resistance can be used, which is a more expensive solution. As a methodology for justifying the use of cables, the method for calculating the time of the onset of the limit values ​​of fire factors hazardous to humans can be used. Temperature limits for humans are replaced by temperature limits for certain types of cables. The time of occurrence of the limit value at the height of the cable suspension is determined. The time from the moment of the beginning of the impact to the failure of the cable can be taken equal to zero.

Question:
What methodology can be applied for calculating the operating time of an ng-LS type cable for connecting fire alarm lines, which would comply with Article 103 No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008, will the use of ng-LS cable and time calculations be sufficient? for detecting fire factors by detectors and transmitting an alarm signal to other fire protection systems, including notification.

Answer:
To calculate the operating time of the cable, you can apply the method of calculating the critical duration of a fire based on the limiting temperature at the height of the cable placement according to the method for determining the calculated values ​​of fire risk in buildings, structures and structures of various classes of functional fire hazard, order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation No. 382 dated June 30, 2009. When choosing the type of cable in accordance with the requirements of Art. 103 Federal law No. 123-FZ of 22.06.2008, it is necessary to ensure not only the preservation of the operability of wires and cables in a fire during the time required to perform tasks by the components of these systems, taking into account a specific location, but also wires and cables must ensure the operability of the equipment not only in the fire zone, but also in other zones and floors in the event of a fire or high temperatures on the ways of laying the cable line.

Question:
What does clause 13.3.7 of SP 5.13130.2009 "The distances between the detectors, as well as between the wall and the detectors can be changed within the area given in Tables 13.3 and 13.5" mean?

Answer:
Protection areas for heat, smoke and gas point detectors are set in Tables 13.3 and 13.5. The convective flow that occurs when ignition occurs in the absence of the effects of the environment and structures has the shape of a cone. Design features rooms can influence the shape of the convective flow, as well as its spreading under the ceiling. In this case, the values ​​of the released heat, smoke and gas are retained for the changed shape of the spreading flow. In this regard, in clause 13.3.10 of SP 5.13130.2009, instructions are directly given on increasing the distances between detectors in narrow rooms and ceiling spaces.

Question: How many heat detectors should be installed in apartment hallways?

Answer:
The revised edition of Appendix A to SP 5.13130.2009 does not provide for the installation of thermal fire detectors. The choice of the type of the detector is carried out during design, taking into account the characteristics of the protected object. One of better solutions is the installation of smoke detectors. In this case, one should proceed from the condition of the earliest formation of a fire signal. The number of detectors is determined in accordance with the provisions of clause 13.3.3, clause 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 SP 5.13130.2009.

Question: Should the “Exit” indicator always be on or only on in case of fire?

Answer:
The provision of clause 5.2 of SP 3.13130.2009 quite definitely answers the question: "Light annunciators" Exit "... must be switched on for the duration of the stay of people in them."

Question: How many fire detectors should be installed in the room?

Answer:
The provisions of JV 5.13130.2009 as amended fully answer the question posed:
"13.3.3 It is allowed to install one automatic fire detector in the protected room or allocated parts of the room, if the following conditions are met simultaneously:
a) the area of ​​the room is not more area protected by a fire detector specified in the technical documentation for it, and not more than the average area specified in tables 13.3-13.6;
b) automatic control of the fire detector performance under the influence of factors is provided external environment, confirming the performance of his functions, and a notice of serviceability (malfunction) is generated on the control panel;
c) the detection of a faulty detector is ensured and the possibility of its replacement within a set time, determined in accordance with Appendix O;
d) when a fire detector is triggered, a signal is not generated to control fire extinguishing installations or fire warning systems of the 5th type according to SP 3.13130, as well as other systems, the false operation of which can lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of safety of people.
"14.1 Formation of signals for automatic control of warning systems, fire extinguishing installations, smoke protection equipment, general ventilation, air conditioning, engineering equipment of the facility, as well as other actuators of systems involved in ensuring fire safety, should be carried out from two fire detectors, switched on by logic "AND", for the time in accordance with section 17, taking into account the inertia of these systems. In this case, the placement of detectors should be carried out at a distance of no more than half of the standard distance, determined according to tables 13.3 - 13.6, respectively. "
"14.2 Formation of control signals for warning systems 1, 2, 3, 4 type according to SP 3.13130.2009, smoke protection equipment, general ventilation and air conditioning, engineering equipment of the facility involved in ensuring the fire safety of the facility, as well as generating commands to turn off the power supply consumers interlocked with fire automation systems are allowed to operate when one fire detector that meets the recommendations set out in Appendix P is triggered, provided that false triggering of controlled systems cannot lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of safety of people. In this case, at least two detectors connected according to the "OR" logic circuit are installed in the room (part of the room). In the case of using detectors that, in addition, meet the requirement of clause 13.3.3 b), c), one fire detector can be installed in the room (part of the room). "
“14.3 To form a control command in accordance with 14.1, the protected room or protected area must have at least: three fire detectors when they are connected to the loops of two-threshold devices or to three independent radial loops of one-threshold devices; four fire detectors when they are included in two loops of one-threshold devices, two detectors in each loop; two fire detectors meeting requirement 13.3.3 (b, c) ".
When choosing equipment and algorithms for its operation, it is necessary to take measures to minimize the probability of false alarms of these systems. At the same time, a false alarm should not lead to a decrease in the safety of people and the loss of material values.

Question: What systems, besides fire protection, are we talking about as “others”?

Answer:
It is known that apart from fire protection systems, which include a warning and evacuation control system in case of fire, a fire extinguishing system, a smoke protection system, a fire signal can be transmitted to control engineering, technological means, which can also be used to provide fire safety... The sequence algorithm for controlling all technical means must be developed in the project.

Question: For what purposes are the switching on of fire detectors using the logical "AND" and "Or" circuits used?

Answer:
When fire detectors are switched on according to the "AND" logic, the aim is to increase the reliability of the fire signal. In this case, it is possible to use one detector instead of two standard ones that implement the function of increasing the reliability. These detectors include detectors called "diagnostic", "multi-criteria", "parametric". When fire detectors are switched on according to the "Or" logic (duplication), the aim is to improve reliability. In this case, it is possible to use detectors with a reliability not less than two duplicated standard ones. In the design justification, the level of hazard of the facility is taken into account and, if there are justifications for performing the functions of the main purpose, the composition of the fire protection system is assessed and the requirements for reliability parameters are determined.

Question: Please clarify clause 13.3.11 of SP 5.13130.2009 in the part: is it possible to connect a remote optical signaling system (VUOS) to each fire detector installed at false ceiling, even if there are two or three detectors in the loop, and this loop protects one small area, about 20 m2, a room with a height of 4-5 meters.

Answer:
The requirements of clause 13.3.11 of SP 5.13130.2009 are aimed at ensuring the ability to quickly detect the location of a triggered detector in the event of a fire or false alarm. During the design, a variant of the detection method is determined, which should be indicated in the design documentation.
If in your case it is not difficult to determine the location of the triggered detector, then the remote optical indication may not be installed.

Question:
I ask you to clarify the remote start of the smoke exhaust system, art. 85 № 123-ФЗ "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements". Is it necessary to install additional trigger elements (buttons) next to the IPR-mi of the fire alarm for remote manual start of the supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems of the building to fulfill paragraph 8 of Art. 85 № 123-ФЗ? Or an IPR connected to a fire alarm can be considered a starting element, in accordance with clause 8 of Art. 85.

Answer:
Signals to turn on smoke protection equipment should be generated by automatic fire alarm devices when automatic and manual fire detectors are triggered.
When implementing a smoke protection control algorithm based on addressable equipment, the loop of which includes addressable manual fire detectors and addressable actuators, installation of remote manual start devices at emergency exits the design solution may not be provided. In this case, it is enough to install these devices in the premises of the personnel on duty.
If it is necessary to provide separate switching on of smoke protection equipment from other fire automation systems, such devices can be installed at emergency exits and in the premises of the duty personnel.

To be continued…

SET OF RULES

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

FIRE ALARM AND FIRE EXTINGUISHING UNITS, AUTOMATIC

STANDARDS AND RULES FOR DESIGN

SYSTEMS OF FIRE PROTECTION.

AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING AND ALARM SYSTEMS.

DESIGNING AND REGULATIONS RULES

SP 5.13130.2009

(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

Foreword

Objectives and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On technical regulation", and the rules for the application of sets of rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for the development and approval of sets of rules" dated November 19, 2008 N 858.

About the set of rules

1. Developed by FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia.
2. Introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety".
3. Approved and put into effect by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated March 25, 2009 N 175.
4. Registered by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology.
5. Introduced for the first time.

Information on changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notification will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notice and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet.

1. Application area

1.1. This set of rules has been developed in accordance with Articles 42, 45, 46, 54, 83, 84, 91, 103, 104, 111 - 116 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements", is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of standardization of voluntary use and establishes norms and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.

1.2. This set of rules applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems for buildings and structures. for various purposes, including those being built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The need to use fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems is determined in accordance with Appendix A, standards, codes of practice and other documents approved in the prescribed manner.

1.3. This set of rules does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems:

Buildings and structures designed according to special standards;

Technological installations located outside buildings;

Warehouse buildings with mobile shelving;

Warehouse buildings for storing aerosol products;

Warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m.

1.4. This set of rules does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

Reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);

Decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, hydrides of aluminum, zinc, magnesium);

Interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);

Spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.5. This set of rules can be used in the development of special technical conditions for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.

1. Normative references

In this set of rules, normative references to the following standards are used: GOST R 50588-93. Foaming agents for extinguishing fires. General technical requirements and test methods

GOST R 50680-94. Automatic water fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 50800-95. Automatic foam fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 50969-96. Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51043-2002. Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Sprinklers. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51046-97. Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishing aerosol generators. Types and basic parameters

GOST R 51049-2008. Fire fighting equipment. Fire pressure hoses. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51052-2002. Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Control nodes. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51057-2001. Fire fighting equipment. Portable fire extinguishers. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST 51091-97. Automatic powder fire extinguishing installations. Types and basic parameters

GOST R 51115-97. Fire fighting equipment. Combined fire monitors' trunks. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51737-2001. Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Detachable pipeline couplings. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51844-2009. Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53278-2009. Fire fighting equipment. Fire shut-off valves. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53279-2009. Connecting heads for firefighting equipment. Types, main parameters and sizes

GOST R 53280.3. Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Fire extinguishing agents. Part

1. Gas extinguishing agents. Test methods

GOST R 53280.4-2009. Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Fire extinguishing agents. Part 4. Fire extinguishing powders general purpose... General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53281-2009. Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. Modules and batteries. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53284-2009. Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishing aerosol generators. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53315-2009. Cable products. Fire safety requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53325-2009. Fire fighting equipment. Fire automatic equipment. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53331-2009. Fire fighting equipment. Manual fire trunks. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53329-2009. Robotic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST 2.601-95. ESKD. Operational documents

GOST 9.032-74. ESZKS. Paint and varnish coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations

GOST 12.0.001-82. SSBT. Basic Provisions

GOST 12.0.004-90. SSBT. Organization of occupational safety training. General provisions GOST 12.1.004-91. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.005-88. SSBT. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for working air

GOST 12.1.019-79. SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection

GOST 12.1.030-81. SSBT. Electrical safety. Protective grounding, grounding GOST 12.1.033-81. SSBT. Fire safety. Terms and definitions GOST 12.1.044-89. SSBT. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination

GOST 12.2.003-91. SSBT. Manufacturing equipment. General safety requirements.

GOST 12.2.007.0-75. SSBT. Electrical products. General safety requirements GOST 12.2.047-86. SSBT. Fire fighting equipment... Terms and Definitions

GOST 12.2.072-98. Industrial robots. Robotic technological complexes. Safety requirements and test methods

GOST 12.3.046-91. SSBT. Automatic fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements

GOST 12.4.009-83. SSBT. Fire fighting equipment for the protection of objects. Main types, placement and maintenance

GOST R 12.4.026-2001. SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and application rules. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods

GOST 3262-75. Steel water-gas pipes. Specifications GOST 8732-78. Seamless hot-deformed steel pipes. Range of GOST 8734-75. Seamless cold-deformed steel pipes. Range of GOST 10704-91. Longitudinal electric-welded steel pipes. Range of GOST 14202-69. Pipelines industrial enterprises... Identification colors, warning signs and markings

GOST 14254-96. Degrees of protection provided by enclosures

GOST 15150-69. Machines, devices and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, operating conditions, storage and transportation in terms of exposure climatic factors external environment

GOST 21130-75. Electrical products. Grounding clamps and grounding signs. Design and dimensions

GOST 23511-79. Industrial radio interference from electrical devices operated in residential buildings or connected to their electrical networks... Norms and methods of measurements GOST 27331-87. Fire fighting equipment. Fire classification

GOST 28130-89. Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers, fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems. Graphic symbols

GOST 28338-89 *. Pipeline connections and fittings. Conditional passages (nominal sizes). Rows

Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published under as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information signs published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules, the replacement (amended) standard should be followed. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent not affecting this reference.

1. Terms and Definitions

In this set of rules, the following terms are used with appropriate definitions:

3.1. Automatic start-up of the fire extinguishing installation: start-up of the installation from its technical means without human intervention.

3.2. Automatic fire extinguishing installation (AUP): a fire extinguishing installation that is automatically triggered when the controlled fire factor (s) exceeds the set threshold values ​​in the protected area.

3.3. Automatic water feeder: a water feeder that automatically provides the pressure in the pipelines necessary for the actuation of control units.

3.4. Automatic fire detector: a fire detector that responds to factors associated with a fire.

3.5. Autonomous fire extinguishing system: a fire extinguishing installation that automatically performs the functions of detecting and extinguishing a fire regardless of external power sources and control systems.

3.6. Autonomous fire detector: a fire detector that responds to a certain level of concentration of aerosol combustion products (pyrolysis) of substances and materials and, possibly, other fire factors, in the body of which an autonomous power source and all components necessary for detecting a fire and direct notification of it are structurally combined ...

3.7. Aggregate fire extinguishing installation: a fire extinguishing installation in which the technical means of fire detection, storage, release and transportation of fire extinguishing agent are structurally independent units mounted directly on the protected object.

3.8. Addressable fire detector: a fire detector that transmits its address code to the addressable control panel together with a fire notification.

3.9. Accelerator: a device that, when a sprinkler sprinkler is triggered, opens the sprinkler air signal valve when there is a slight change in air pressure in the supply pipeline.

3.10. Gas extinguishing battery: a group of gas extinguishing modules united by a common manifold and a manual start device.

3.11. Distribution pipeline branch: A section of a distribution pipeline row located on one side of the supply pipeline.

3.12. Water-filled installation: an installation in which the supply, supply and distribution pipelines are filled with water in standby mode.

Note - The installation is designed to operate in positive temperatures.

3.13. Water feeder: a device that ensures the operation of the AUP with the estimated flow rate and pressure of water and (or) aqueous solution specified in the technical documentation for a specified time.

3.14. Air installation: an installation in which, in standby mode, the supply pipeline is filled with water, and the supply and distribution pipelines are filled with air.

3.15. Auxiliary water feeder: a water feeder that automatically maintains the pressure in the pipelines required for the operation of the control units, as well as the estimated flow rate and pressure of water and (or) aqueous solution until the main water feeder enters the operating mode.

3.16. Gas fire detector: a fire detector that reacts to gases emitted by smoldering or burning materials.

3.17. Fire-extinguishing aerosol generator (GOA): a device for obtaining a fire-extinguishing aerosol with specified parameters and supplying it to the protected area.

3.18. Hydraulic Accelerator: A device that reduces the response time of a hydraulically actuated deluge signal valve.

3.19. AUP standby mode: the state of AUP readiness for operation.

3.20. Dictating sprinkler (sprayer): the sprinkler (sprayer) located most high and / or farthest from the control unit.

3.21. Remote activation (start-up) of the installation: manual activation (start-up) of the installation from the starting elements installed in the protected room or next to it, in the control room or at the fire post, near the protected structure or equipment.

3.22. Remote control: control panel located in the control room, isolated or fenced off room.

3.23. Differential thermal fire detector: a fire detector that generates a fire notification when the temperature rise rate is exceeded the environment set threshold value.

3.24. Dispenser: a device designed for dispensing foam concentrate (additives) to water in fire extinguishing installations.

3.25. Deluge fire extinguishing installation: a fire extinguishing installation equipped with deluge sprinklers or foam generators.

3.26. Deluge sprinkler (sprayer): sprinkler (sprayer) with an open outlet.

3.27. Smoke ionization (radioisotope) fire detector: a fire detector, the principle of which is based on the registration of changes in the ionization current resulting from exposure to combustion products.

3.28. Smoke optical fire detector: a fire detector that reacts to combustion products that can affect the absorbing or scattering ability of radiation in the infrared, ultraviolet or visible spectrum ranges.

3.29. Smoke fire detector: a fire detector that reacts to particles of solid or liquid combustion products and (or) pyrolysis in the atmosphere.

3.30. Fire extinguishing agent reserve: the required amount of fire extinguishing agent stored at the facility in order to restore the estimated amount or reserve of the extinguishing agent.

3.31. Shut-off device: a shut-off device installed on the vessel (cylinder) and providing the release of the extinguishing agent from it.

3.32. Minimum irrigation area: normative (for sprinkler AUP) or calculated (for deluge AUP) area within which the normative irrigation intensity and, accordingly, the normative or calculated consumption of the fire extinguishing agent are provided.

3.33. Fire alarm control zone (fire detectors): a set of areas, volumes of premises of an object, the appearance in which fire factors will be detected by fire detectors.

3.34. The inertia of the fire extinguishing installation: the time from the moment the controlled fire factor reaches the threshold of the sensitive element of the fire detector, sprinkler sprinkler or incentive device until the fire extinguishing agent is supplied to the protected area.

Note - For fire extinguishing installations, in which a time delay is provided for the release of a fire extinguishing agent in order to safely evacuate people from the protected room and (or) to control technological equipment, this time is included in the inertia of the AUP.

3.35. Fire extinguishing agent supply rate: the amount of extinguishing agent supplied per unit area (volume) per unit time.

3.36. Delay Chamber: A device installed in the pressure alarm line to minimize the likelihood of false alarms caused by the sprinkler alarm valve opening slightly due to sudden fluctuations in the pressure of the water supply.

3.37. Combined fire detector: A fire detector that responds to two or more fire factors.

3.38. Local control panel: a control panel located in the immediate vicinity of the controlled technical means of AUP.

3.39. Linear fire detector (smoke, heat): a fire detector that responds to fire factors in an extended, linear zone.

3.40. Main pipeline: a pipeline connecting the distribution devices of gas fire extinguishing installations with distribution pipelines.

3.41. Maximum differential thermal fire detector: a fire detector that combines the functions of maximum and differential thermal fire detectors.

3.42. Maximum thermal fire detector: a fire detector that generates a fire notification when the ambient temperature exceeds the set threshold value - the temperature of the detector.

3.43. Local activation (start-up) of the installation: activation (start-up) of the installation from the starting elements installed in the room pumping station or fire extinguishing stations, as well as from starting elements installed on fire extinguishing modules.

3.44. Minimum irrigation area: the minimum area on which, when the AUP is triggered, a fire extinguishing agent acts with an irrigation rate not less than the standard.

3.45.

3.46. Modular pumping unit: a pumping unit, the technical means of which are mounted on a single frame.

3.47. Modular fire extinguishing installation: a fire extinguishing installation consisting of one or more modules combined a unified system fire detection and activation, capable of independently performing the function of fire extinguishing and located in the protected room or next to it.

3.48. Fire extinguishing module: a device in the body of which the functions of storing and supplying a fire extinguishing agent are combined when a trigger pulse is applied to the module drive.

3.49. Pulse fire extinguishing module: fire extinguishing module with a duration of the fire extinguishing agent supply up to 1 s.

3.50. Nozzle: a device for the release and distribution of a gaseous extinguishing agent or extinguishing powder.

3.51. Nominal (conditional) pressure: the highest excess working pressure at a working medium temperature of 20 ° C, at which a given service life of pipelines and fittings connections having certain dimensions, justified by strength calculations for the selected materials and their strength characteristics at a temperature of 20 ° C, is ensured.

3.52. Nominal (conditional) bore: a parameter used for piping systems as a characteristic of connecting parts, such as pipe connections, fittings and valves.

3.53. Standard rate of extinguishing agent supply: rate of supply of extinguishing agent established in the regulatory documentation.

3.54. Regulatory fire extinguishing concentration: fire extinguishing concentration established in the current regulatory documents.

3.55. Fire-extinguishing aerosol: products of combustion of an aerosol-forming composition that have a fire extinguishing effect on the fire site.

3.56. Fire extinguishing agent: a substance that has physicochemical properties that create conditions for the cessation of combustion.

3.57. Fire extinguishing concentration: The concentration of a fire extinguishing agent in a volume that creates an environment that does not support combustion.

3.58. Sprinkler: a device designed to extinguish, localize or block a fire by spraying water and (or) aqueous solutions.

3.59. Condition-controlled sprinkler: a sprinkler sprinkler that provides a signal to the AUP control system and (or) to the control center that the thermal lock of this sprinkler is triggered.

3.60. Driven sprinkler: sprinkler with an outlet shut-off device that opens when a control impulse is applied (electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, pyrotechnic or combined).

3.61. Main water feeder: a water feeder that ensures the operation of a fire extinguishing installation with an estimated flow rate and pressure of water and (or) an aqueous solution for a specified time.

3.62. Room leakage parameter: a value that numerically characterizes the leakage of the protected room and is defined as the ratio of the total area of ​​permanently open openings to the volume of the protected room.

3.63. Supply piping: piping connecting the control unit to the distribution piping.

3.64. Incentive system: a pipeline filled with water, aqueous solution, compressed air, or a cable with thermal locks, designed for automatic and remote activation of water and foam deluge fire extinguishing installations, as well as gas or powder fire extinguishing installations.

3.65. Supply pipeline: pipeline connecting the fire extinguishing agent source to the control units.

3.66. Fire shut-off device: a device designed to supply, regulate and shut off the flow of extinguishing agent.

3.67. Fire detector (PI): a device designed to detect fire factors and generate a signal about a fire or the current value of its factors.

3.68. Fire detector of a flame: a device that reacts to electromagnetic radiation from a flame or a smoldering hearth.

3.69. Fire post: a special room of the facility with round-the-clock stay of the personnel on duty, equipped with devices for monitoring the state and control of fire automatic equipment.

3.70. Fire alarm: a device for generating a signal about the actuation of fire extinguishing installations and (or) locking devices.

3.71. Room with mass stay people: halls and foyers of theaters, cinemas, meeting rooms, conferences, lecture halls, restaurants, lobbies, ticket offices, industrial premises and other premises with an area of ​​50 sq. m and more with permanent or temporary stay of people (except emergency situations) number more than 1 person. for 1 sq. m.

3.72. Fire control device: a device designed to generate control signals for automatic fire extinguishing equipment, smoke protection, warning, other fire protection devices, as well as monitoring their state and communication lines with them.

3.73. Fire alarm control panel (PPKP): a device designed to receive signals from fire detectors, provide power to active (current-consuming) fire detectors, issue information to light and sound alarms for personnel on duty and centralized monitoring consoles, as well as generate a starting pulse for starting a fireman's device management.

3.74. Fire control and fire control device: a device that combines the functions of a fire control and fire control device and a fire control device.

3.75. AFS operating mode: performing AFS of its functional purpose after being triggered.

3.76. Sprinkler: Sprinkler designed for spraying water or aqueous solutions (average droplet diameter in the sprayed stream is more than 150 microns).

Note - It is allowed to use the term "sprinkler" instead of the term "sprinkler".

3.77. Distribution device: a shut-off device installed on the pipeline and allowing the passage of a gas extinguishing agent into a specific main pipeline.

3.78. Distribution pipeline: The pipeline on which sprinklers, sprayers, or nozzles are mounted.

3.79. Sprayer: a sprinkler designed for spraying water or aqueous solutions (average droplet diameter in a spray stream is 150 microns or less).

3.80. Atomized flow of extinguishing agent: flow of liquid extinguishing agent with an arithmetic mean droplet diameter of more than 150 microns.

3.81. Fine-sprayed fire-extinguishing agent flow: a droplet flow of a fire-extinguishing agent with an arithmetic mean droplet diameter of 150 microns or less.

3.82. Estimated amount of extinguishing agent: the amount of extinguishing agent determined in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents and ready for immediate use in the event of a fire.

3.83. Fire extinguishing agent reserve: the required amount of extinguishing agent, ready for immediate use in cases of re-ignition or failure of the fire extinguishing installation to fulfill its task.

3.84. Robotic fire extinguishing installation (RUP): stationary automatic facility, mounted on a fixed base, consisting of a fire barrel, which has several degrees of mobility and is equipped with a drive system, as well as a programmed control device, and is intended for extinguishing and localizing a fire or cooling technological equipment and building structures.

3.85. Robotic fire complex (RPK): a set of several robotic fire extinguishing installations, combined common system fire control and detection.

3.86. Manual call point: a device designed to manually trigger a signal fire alarm in fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems.

3.87. Distribution pipeline row: A collection of two branches of a distribution pipeline located along the same line on both sides of the supply pipeline.

3.88. Fire extinguishing installation section: component fire extinguishing installations, which is a set of supply and distribution pipelines, a control unit and technical means located above it, designed to supply a fire extinguishing agent to the protected object.

3.89. Pressure signaling device (SD): a fire signaling device designed to receive a command hydraulic impulse issued by a control unit and convert it into a logical command impulse.

3.90. Liquid flow signaling device (FLS): a fire warning device designed to convert a certain amount of liquid flow in a pipeline into a logical command impulse.

3.91. Signal valve: a normally closed shut-off device designed to issue a command impulse and start a fire extinguishing agent when a sprinkler or fire detector is triggered.

3.92. Fire alarm system: a set of fire alarm systems mounted at one facility and monitored from a common fire post.

3.93. Interconnecting lines: wired and non-wired communication lines providing connection between fire control equipment.

3.94. Sprinkler AUP with forced start: sprinkler AUP equipped with sprinkler sprinklers with a controlled drive.

3.95. Light signaling: a technical means (element) with a light source perceived by the eye at any time of the day.

3.96. Sprinkler water-filled fire extinguishing installation: a sprinkler fire extinguishing installation, all pipelines of which are filled with water (aqueous solution).

3.97. Sprinkler aerial installation fire extinguishing: a sprinkler fire extinguishing installation, the supply pipeline of which is filled with water (aqueous solution), and the pipelines located above the control unit are filled with air under pressure.

3.98. Sprinkler fire extinguishing system: automatic fire extinguishing system equipped with sprinkler sprinklers.

3.99. Sprinkler-drencher AUP (AUP-SD): sprinkler AUP, in which a drencher control unit and technical means of its activation are used, and the supply of fire extinguishing agent to the protected area is carried out only when the sprinkler sprinkler and technical means of activation of the control unit are triggered ...

(Clause 3.99 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

3.100. Sprinkler sprinkler (sprayer): sprinkler (sprayer) equipped with a thermal lock.

3.101. Fire extinguishing station: vessels and equipment of fire extinguishing installations located in a special room.

3.102. The degree of leakage of the room: expressed as a percentage, the ratio of the total area of ​​permanently open openings to total area the surface of the room.

3.103. Thermal lock: a locking thermosensitive element that opens at a certain temperature value.

3.104. Thermal fire detector: a fire detector that responds to a certain temperature value and (or) its rate of rise.

3.105. Finely sprayed fire extinguishing agent flow: a liquid fire extinguishing agent flow with an arithmetic mean droplet diameter of 150 microns or less.

3.106. Air sampling point (air sampling hole): a hole in a special air line through which air is sucked in from the protected area.

3.107. Point fire detector (smoke, heat): a fire detector that responds to fire factors in a compact area.

3.108. Specific flow rate of the water curtain: flow rate per one running meter the width of the curtain per unit of time.

3.109. Control unit: a set of technical means of water and foam AUP (pipelines, pipeline fittings, locking and signaling devices, accelerators or retarders, devices that reduce the likelihood of false alarms, measuring instruments and other devices), which are located between the supply and supply pipelines of sprinkler and deluge installations of water and foam fire extinguishing, and designed to monitor the condition and check the operability of these installations during operation, as well as to start the fire extinguishing agent, issue a signal to generate a command impulse for control elements of fire automation (fire pumps, warning systems, ventilation and technological equipment, etc.).

3.110. Installation of local fire extinguishing by volume: installation of volumetric fire extinguishing, acting on a part of the volume of the room and (or) on a separate technological unit.

3.111. Installation of local fire extinguishing on the surface: installation of surface fire extinguishing, acting on a part of the area of ​​the room and (or) on a separate technological unit.

3.112. Installation of volumetric fire extinguishing: installation of fire extinguishing to create an environment that does not support combustion in the volume of the protected room (structure).

3.113. Surface fire extinguishing installation: fire extinguishing installation acting on a burning surface.

3.114. Fire alarm installation: a set of technical means for detecting a fire, processing, presenting fire notifications, special information and (or) issuing commands to turn on automatic fire extinguishing installations and technical devices in a given form.

3.115. Fire extinguishing installation: a set of stationary technical means for extinguishing a fire by releasing a fire extinguishing agent.

3.116. Nozzle: one of the spray holes.

3.117. Centralized gas fire extinguishing installation: a gas fire extinguishing installation in which gas cylinders are located in the fire extinguishing station premises.

3.118. Fire alarm loop: connecting lines laid from fire detectors to junction box or an alarm control panel.

3.119. Exhauster: a device that, when a sprinkler sprinkler is triggered, accelerates the response of the sprinkler air signal valve by actively relieving air pressure from the supply pipeline.

3.120. Irrigation Plot: A graphical representation of irrigation intensity or fill rate.

3.121. Fire automation system: equipment connected by connecting lines and operating according to a given algorithm in order to perform tasks to ensure fire safety at the facility.

(Clause 3.121 was introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

3.122. Air expansion joint: A device with a fixed orifice designed to minimize the likelihood of false alarms of the alarm valve caused by air leaks in the supply and / or distribution piping of air sprinkler AFSs.

(Clause 3.122 was introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

3.123. Irrigation intensity: volume of fire extinguishing liquid (water, water solution (including water solution of foaming agent, other fire extinguishing liquids) per unit area per unit time.

(Clause 3.123 was introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

3.124. Minimum area irrigated by AUP: minimum value the normative or design part of the total protected area, subject to simultaneous sprinkling with fire extinguishing liquid when all sprinklers located on this part of the total protected area are triggered.

(Clause 3.124 was introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

3.125. Thermoactivated microencapsulated OTV (Terma-OTV): a substance (fire extinguishing liquid or gas) contained in the form of microinclusions (microcapsules) in solid, plastic or bulk materials, released when the temperature rises to a certain (specified) value.

(Clause 3.125 was introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

1. General Provisions

4.1. Automatic fire extinguishing installations (hereinafter referred to as installations or AUP) should be designed taking into account all-Russian, regional and departmental regulations in force in this area, as well as construction features protected buildings, premises and structures, the possibilities and conditions for the use of fire extinguishing agents, based on the nature of the production process.

Installations are designed to extinguish fires of classes A and B in accordance with GOST 27331; it is allowed to design AUP for extinguishing class C fires in accordance with GOST 27331, if this excludes the formation of an explosive atmosphere.

4.2. Automatic installations (with the exception of autonomous ones) must simultaneously perform the function of fire alarm.

(Clause 4.2 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

4.3. The type of fire extinguishing installation, the method of extinguishing, the type of extinguishing agent are determined by the design organization, taking into account the fire hazard and physical and chemical properties produced, stored and used substances and materials, as well as the characteristics of the protected equipment.

4.4. When installing fire extinguishing installations in buildings and structures with separate rooms in them, where in accordance with regulatory documents only a fire alarm is required, instead of it, taking into account the feasibility study, it is allowed to provide for the protection of these premises by fire extinguishing installations, taking into account

Appendix A. In this case, the rate of supply of the extinguishing agent should be taken as standard, and the flow rate should not be dictating.

4.5. When a fire extinguishing installation is triggered, a signal must be provided to control (turn off) the technological equipment in the protected room in accordance with the technological regulations or the requirements of this set of rules (if necessary, before the fire extinguishing agent is supplied).

1. Water and foam fire extinguishing systems

5.1. Basic Provisions

5.1.1. Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations must perform the function of extinguishing or localizing a fire.

5.1.2. The execution of water and foam fire extinguishing installations must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.3.046, GOST R 50680 and GOST R 50800.

5.1.3. Water and foam AUP are subdivided into sprinkler, deluge, sprinkler-drencher, robotic and AUP with forced start.

5.1.4. Parameters of fire extinguishing installations according to clause 5.1.3 (irrigation intensity, OTW consumption, minimum irrigation area when a sprinkler AUP is triggered, duration of water supply and maximum distance between sprinkler sprinklers), except for AUP water mist and robotic fire extinguishing installations should be determined in accordance with Tables 5.1 - 5.3 and the mandatory Appendix B.

Table 5.1

Notes:

1. For fire extinguishing installations in which water is used with the addition of a wetting agent based on a general-purpose foaming agent, the irrigation intensity and flow rate are taken in

1.5 times less than for aquatic.

1. For sprinkler installations, the values ​​of the irrigation intensity and the flow rate of water or foam solution are given for rooms up to 10 m high, as well as for lampposts with a total area of ​​lanterns not exceeding 10% of the area. The height of the lamppost with the area of ​​lanterns exceeding 10% should be taken before covering the lantern. The specified parameters of installations for rooms with a height of 10 to 20 m should be taken according to tables 5.2 -

1. If the actual protected area Eph is less than the minimum area S irrigated by the AFS specified in Table 5.3, then the actual flow rate can be reduced by the coefficient K = Sph / S.

(Clause 4 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

1. To calculate the water consumption of the deluge AUP, it is necessary to determine the number of sprinklers located within the irrigated area by this installation, and to calculate in accordance with Appendix C (with the irrigation intensity according to tables 5.1 - 5.3, corresponding to the group of premises according to Appendix B).
2. The duration of operation of foam AUP with low and medium expansion foam with a surface method of fire extinguishing should be taken: 10 minutes. - for premises of categories B2 and B3 for fire hazard; 15 minutes. - for premises of categories A, B and B1 in terms of explosion and fire hazard; 25 minutes - for rooms of group 7.

(Clause 7 was introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

1. For deluge AUP, it is allowed to arrange sprinklers with distances between them more than those given in Table 5.1 for sprinkler sprinklers, provided that when placing deluge sprinklers, the standard values ​​of the irrigation intensity of the entire protected area are provided and the decision made does not contradict the requirements of technical documentation for this type of sprinklers.

(Clause 8 was introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

1. The distance between the sprinklers under the slope cover should be taken along the horizontal plane.

(Clause 9 was introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 01.06.2011 No. 274)

Table 5.2

Notes:

1. Room groups are given in Appendix B.
2. In group 6, it is recommended to extinguish rubber, rubber goods, rubber and resins with water with a wetting agent or low expansion foam.
3. For warehouses with a storage height of up to 5.5 m and a room height of more than 10 m, the consumption and intensity of irrigation with water and a foaming agent solution in groups 5 - 7 should be increased at the rate of 10% for every 2 m of the room height.
4. The table shows the intensity of irrigation with a general-purpose foaming agent solution.
5. It is allowed to design AUP with a storage height of more than 5.5 m after tests confirming the main declared parameters, in the presence of special technical conditions applicable to each specific object or group of similar objects developed by an organization with the appropriate authority.