Water-based paint for walls and ceilings. The composition of water-based paint Types of water-based paint for interior work

In this article:

Water-based paints are currently a very popular, high-quality, affordable and promising repair material. They are easy to apply on cleaned surfaces (concrete, gypsum concrete, wood and pre-plastered), are environmentally friendly and very practical. And in combination with the color scheme, you can always choose the color scheme necessary for the interior.

Advantages of water-based paint

Water-based paint is in demand due to the following characteristics:

no peeling for a long period of operation;
lack of cracks and unpleasant odor;
ease of application;
fast drying process;
acceptable cost.

Besides, water-based paint allows you to get almost any shade by adding special pigments. Often, hardware stores provide a catalog of colors and corresponding pigments that match them.

The main disadvantages of water-based paints

Such paints have practically no flaws. At the same time, it should be noted that it is extremely undesirable to apply them on metal and glossy surfaces, due to the presence of a large volume of water in the paint composition.

Today, obvious fakes of “water emulsion” are increasingly appearing on the market, which disappoint consumers. They fit very poorly on the surface to be painted, are overused, get dirty during the drying process and are washed off in case of water ingress.

Technical characteristics of water-based paint

Water-based paint has the following composition: latex, thickener, various fillers and antiseptic. Average consumption water-based paint equals 250 grams per square meter. The number of applied layers will directly depend on the absorbency of the surface to be painted. The viscosity of the paint is determined by special device- viscometer. This indicator should be within 45 s. (when using a brush), and 25 s. (using paint sprayer). By definition, viscosity is an indicator that characterizes the degree of dilution of the paint with water. Specific gravity paint equals approximately 1.35 kg/l. Adhesion is 2.0 MPa, the final drying time is from 2 to 20 hours (depending on temperature conditions). It is necessary to store the paint in a dark and cool place (away from sunlight).

The main types of paints

Depending on the polymer present in the paint, there are four main types of water-based ( water-dispersion, latex or emulsion) colors:

acrylic;
silicone;
silicate;
mineral.

Even among such a small variety, a potential consumer involuntarily raises a question: "So which water-based paint is better?". Let's take a closer look at the characteristics of each of them.

Acrylic water-based paints - quality first

This type of paint is most popular among both professional craftsmen and ordinary consumers who are trying to master the repair on their own.

Based on the name, it becomes clear that acrylic resins are in the composition of the paint as the main component. Such paints are applied to surfaces made of brick, wood, glass, concrete and plaster. The most common representative is veak 1180 water-based paint.

The main disadvantage of such paints is the expensive cost. Therefore, analogue paints with acrylic copolymers have become widespread. Their price is much cheaper than real acrylic, and the quality is not much inferior to the original. Sometimes, to increase the elasticity index acrylic coating, latex is added to the paint, due to which there is an effective resistance to moisture.

Painted coatings can be safely washed with water without fear of spoiling the applied paint. Manufacturers in the technical characteristics of water-based paint indicate that it is able to withstand up to 5,000 washing cycles with water. When applying a double layer of acrylic-latex paint, cracks on the surface (up to 1 mm thick) can be masked. And they dry at room temperature in just a few hours.

Silicone water-based paints - ideal for rooms with high humidity

In silicone paints, silicone resins predominate in the composition. They are a universal coloring and masking agent for all surfaces, hiding two-millimeter gaps from prying eyes. Silicone paint is also different high cost, but it has a vapor-tight property, ideal for damp areas of the house, which are prone to moisture formation. Thus, the paint will also actively fight the fungus that has appeared, preventing its reappearance.

Water-based paints are a water-based material with polymer components. The composition contains emulsions of polymers such as styrene-butadiene, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate. Valued for technical properties, security, ease of use.

Description and features of water-based paint

(a kind of water-dispersion) is used mainly for interior decoration. These are emulsions obtained from particles of polymers, pigments and liquid.

The operational characteristics of such compositions allow them to be used in public spaces with high attendance, when the wear of the finish occurs quickly. Can be used for swimming pools, gyms, residential buildings.

The components in such materials are:

film formers;
fillers;
dyes;
various additives to improve performance - defoamers, stabilizers, plasticizers.

Dispersions can be obtained from any polymer, but polyvinyl acetate, acrylic and styrene-butadiene copolymers are more commonly used for the manufacture of paints.

Advantages and disadvantages

Allocate such advantages:

the solution can be given the desired shade by adding the desired pigment;
can be applied in several layers;
clear instructions for use;
paint without a specific smell, it is comfortable to work with it;
the application process does not cause difficulties, the tools are easily cleaned of paint;
drying occurs in 1.5-3 hours, depending on the conditions environment;
low consumption of coloring emulsion.

The downside is at what temperature you can paint. It is permissible to work with paint on condition of +5°С. Low frost resistance limits its use in the cold season. Some representatives water-based compositions require long drying - up to 24 hours, which the manufacturer indicates in the instructions.

Specifications

Water-based compositions different the following features and properties:

consumption - 150-200 ml / m² is consumed per 1 layer, the second layer is required depending on the absorbent properties and density of the material to be painted;
viscosity - determines the degree of dilution of the composition, should be 40-45 s, when using a special sprayer - 20-25;
specific gravity - 1.3 kg / l;
drying time - up to a day, depending on the humidity in the room and temperature, most brands are characterized by a high drying speed;
shelf life - 12 months in a tightly closed container at a temperature of +5°C;
fire hazard class - KM0-KM1.

Optimal conditions for drying - humidity 65%, temperature + 20 ° C.

Types of water-based paints and their scope

Types of paints and varnishes are distinguished by the polymers that make up the composition.

Types of water-based paint.

Water-based materials are of the following varieties:

polyvinyl acetate;
mineral;
silicate;
acrylic;
latex;
silicone.

According to the area of use, they are divided into soils, facade and for interior decoration.

Primers are used to increase the adhesion of the base to be painted, strengthen the substrate, and eliminate small defects.

Facade must be resistant to adverse external factors and abrasion, are not afraid of UV and microorganisms. To compositions for internal works there are special requirements, but their water resistance may be low.

Polyvinyl acetate

They were the first to be used for the manufacture of paints. At room temperature, this polymer is solid, and plasticizers provide flexibility to it. The composition additionally contains stabilizers and pigments. Sold as a ready-to-use one-component composition, which does not need to be prepared by mixing before starting work.

Aqueous emulsion is used more often for painting indoors. It contains no solvents. It dissolves well in water, forms an elastic coating, has good adhesion and does not have an unpleasant odor.

Water-based polyvinyl acetate paint.

Properties of polyvinyl acetate compounds:

increased resistance to wear factors;
not harmful;
fire safety;
shade durability;
you can hide defects up to 1 mm;
long operating period;
prevention of the formation of fungus and mold.

mineral

Mineral compounds contain cement or lime. Their advantage is the ability to use on any surface. They are well suited for walls and ceilings in the apartment. Can be applied outdoors. The disadvantage of this composition is a short period of service.

Pluses also highlight high strength, moisture resistance, resistance to mineral oils, fat. Such paint is not afraid of sunlight, does not peel off over time.

silicate

Silicate water emulsion is made from liquid glass with the addition of pigments. It has excellent air and steam impermeable properties and a long service life - up to 20 years. Well suited for buildings with unstable groundwater.

The consumption of the composition is small - up to 300 ml / m². The density depends on the method of application, for paint brush it is lower than for the atomizer. Used for façades interior decoration. The downside is how long such paint dries. This takes about a day.

Acrylic

Acrylic water-based paint.

Acrylic composition is the most common. The basis contains acrylic resins. Additionally, latex may be used. Can be glossy, matte for painting walls, ceilings.

Key Benefits:

quick drying, with the exception of the most budgetary types;
resistance to ultraviolet, mechanical factors of influence;
moisture resistance;
non-toxicity.

The product has good adhesion to a wide variety of substrates. Can be applied over old paint if it cannot be removed without compromising performance.

Acrylic emulsion is an alternative to waterless enamels. It is affordable, dries quickly, has a wide range of applications.

latex

Latex water-based paints and varnishes are widely used by maintaining the microclimate in the room. They comply with GOST standards, have good price are safe for indoor use.

Latex composition can be used to paint concrete, brick surfaces, wallpaper, plaster. Suitable for ceiling decoration. The paint creates a moisture-resistant coating that can be washed with water. Included in the class of safe non-combustible materials.

Disadvantages will be poor UV resistance, lack of protection against fungus, intolerance sub-zero temperatures. IN adverse conditions flakes off.

Silicone

Application of water-based silicone paint.

Water-based silicone paint - a mixture of resistant silicate and acrylic emulsions. It has improved characteristics due to the content of emulsified resin.

It is applied to the cement bases, a brick, the plastered surfaces, a stone, gypsum cardboard. Distinguish between interior and exterior views.

Silicone emulsions are waterproof, do not let steam through, and prevent the formation of mold and fungus.

During operation, they do not need to be treated with antiseptics. The disadvantage is the relatively high cost.

Which is better

For finishing the ceiling and walls, craftsmen often prefer acrylic emulsion. This is due to its durability, strength, fast drying, resistance to ultraviolet rays. Another advantage is that you can wash the surface with water, which is necessary for the kitchen and bathroom.

Acrylic emulsion fits well on popular surfaces - glass, brick, wood, concrete, metal, plaster. The paint does not wash off over time, the components of water-based paint qualitatively resist the effects of liquid. A double coat of paint can mask small imperfections.

Aqueous emulsions can be selected for indoor and outdoor coverage while maintaining environmental friendliness. Water-based paints and varnishes can be used in conditions of high humidity. They do not tolerate cold.

Most wanted water-based materials formulations are considered German manufacturers. Produced by Caparol, Dulux, Dufa. In Russia, a popular foreign brand is Tikkurila.

When choosing paint, you need to focus on the type of work being done, environmental conditions. The instructions for each composition indicate the scope and application rules.

In this article: the history of water-based paint; composition of water-dispersed paint; production technology; types and characteristics of polymers used in the production of water-based paints; performance characteristics WD paints; how to choose water-dispersed paint; recommendations for use.

At all times, a person wants his house to look neat and attractive. For this, regular cosmetic and overhauls, during which a fresh coat of paint is necessarily applied to the ceiling and walls. And among all existing types of paintwork materials for internal and exterior finish at home, water-based paint is in the lead, which is easy to work with and which does not leave an unpleasant odor in the premises, which is typical for working with other paints and varnishes.

Water-based paint - history

As is the case with a number of modern building materials, the appearance of water-dispersion paints was involuntarily promoted by two large-scale wars of the last century - the destroyed cities had to be restored, but there were not enough familiar building materials, and they were expensive.

The history of water-based paints began with the discovery by the German chemist Fritz Klatte in 1912 of polyvinyl acetate, better known to us as PVA glue. PVA dispersion became the basic basis for the first water-dispersion paints that appeared in the 1920s.

At the end of the 30s of the last century, synthetic rubber or styrene-butadiene was created in Germany, which became the second type of dispersion for water-based paints.

The last of the existing dispersions - acrylic - and paints based on it were originally developed for artwork. The first acrylic water-based paints were created in 1946-1949 and launched in the early 50s under the Magna paint brand by American artists Sam Golden and Leonard Boku. True, the paints of this brand were intended only for artists, packaged in small tubes and dissolved not with water, but with turpentine or white spirit. Completely water-soluble acrylic paint Boku created and released in 1960.

Styrene-butadiene and acrylic water-based paints entered the construction markets of the post-Soviet states in the 90s from abroad - in the USSR only polyvinyl acetate-based paints were produced and only for industrial needs.

According to its basic composition, it is formed by the smallest particles of polymers suspended in an aqueous medium. In addition, water-dispersion paint, depending on the brand and manufacturer, may contain about 10-15 different additives, including: antifreeze antifreeze; defoamers that reduce foaming; antiseptics (biocides); corrosion inhibitors; thickeners; additives that increase structural viscosity; preservatives; dispersants; plasticizers, etc.

As a percentage by weight, the composition of water-based paint is as follows: 50% - film former dissolved in water (50-60% aqueous dispersion); 37% - fillers and pigments; 7% - plasticizer; 6% - other additives.

Let's take a closer look at the components. Depending on the purpose of the paint, the film former (copolymer) in its composition will be polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, acrylate or versatate dispersions. Role white pigment perform titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, in the case of water-based paints of the lower price range - chalk. Filler - chalk, calcite, barite, talc, mica, most often several different minerals are used as a filler at the same time. The solvent in water-dispersed paints is demineralized (purified from mineral salts) water. I would like to note one of the components of such paints - a thickener, the role of which is most often played by carboxymethyl cellulose, which is also CMC glue.

The process of creating a water-dispersion paint consists of next steps: connection and mixing of an aqueous solution of a polymer dispersion with a filler and a pigment; dispersing the resulting pigment paste; introduction of a number of additives that bring the composition of the paint to the TU standard; filtration and packaging of the finished product.

Dispersion is a process in which liquid or solid bodies undergo fine grinding. The dispersion method produces suspensions, powders, aerosols and emulsions.

Mixing and dispersion of the components of water-based paints are carried out in bead and ball mills (dispersers). Grinding takes place in a horizontal or vertical working chamber of the mill, inside which there is a shaft with disks that accelerate metal beads (diameter - up to 4 mm) or balls (diameter from 30 mm) made of steel, aluminum oxide and zirconium. Dispersion is the more intense, the higher the hardness and specific gravity of the metal balls.

The pigment paste obtained as a result of dispersion is placed in a dissolver. In its container, having the shape of a torus, a frame mixer is installed, the rotation of which prevents thick and sticky components from settling on the walls and bottom of the dissolver, and the composition of the water-based paint is brought to standard characteristics.

The timing of mixing the components of a water-dispersed paint depends on the volume of the mixture, the initial characteristics of the components to be laid, the power of the dispersant and dissolver - as a rule, 20-30 minutes are enough for each of the operations.

At the final stage, the finished paint is passed through mesh filters and poured into containers. The entire cycle of paint production must take place at an air temperature of at least +5 °C.

The dependence of the characteristics of water-based paint on the binder polymer in their composition

Water-based paints produced today contain one of five types of binder, giving the water-based paint both positive traits, as well as disadvantages:

polyvinyl acetate, paint marking "VD-VA". In terms of quality, paints with this polymer binder are of the least quality - they turn yellow over time, a dense, opaque film forms on the surface, and the applied layer of paint is not waterproof. Weak characteristics do not justify low price, such paints have only a narrowly focused application;
butadiene-styrene, paint marking "VD-KCh". Possessing good water resistance and low price, water-based paints on this binder, as well as on PVA, form an excessively dense surface film and are not resistant to sunbeams. Paint brand "VD-KCh" can only be used for interior work;
styrene-acrylate, paint marking "VD-AK". According to the qualitative characteristics of the paint on this polymer, it is much better than those described above, they can be applied both on external and on internal surfaces. The coating formed by them is porous and, accordingly, vapor-permeable, resistant to solar radiation and atmospheric phenomena. The small particle size of the polymer, not exceeding 0.15 microns, provides high-quality adhesion to almost any surface, penetration into porous surfaces, which increases their strength;
acrylate, paint marking "VD-AK". This polymer is more expensive than styrene-acrylate, has higher quality characteristics in all respects - a more rigid coating gives high resistance to solar ultraviolet radiation. Such paints are widely used in facade work and for application to wooden surfaces;
versatat, marking of paint "VD-AK". The polymer versatat has been used in the composition of water-based paints not so long ago, in terms of the quality of the coating on this binder they are not inferior to acrylic paints, while their price is lower and approximately corresponds to the cost of paints on a styrene-acrylate binder.

Depending on the type and amount of polymer binder, these paints have the following positive qualities:

do not contain toxic components, practically odorless;
easy to apply on the surface, diluted with water;
able to bridge cracks up to 1 mm wide;
not combustible;
resistant to moisture (washout resistance);
elastic and durable, no chalking;
resistant to ultraviolet and atmospheric phenomena;
resistant to wear;
just tint in any color shade;
accidental drops of paint can be easily removed with a damp cloth;
vapor-permeable, which means that colonies of fungus and mold will not appear;
resistant to alkalis;
have high adhesion snug fit) to the base;
retain color, gloss and resistance to yellowing;
dry quickly, usually in 40 minutes;
a layer of water-based paint on the surfaces painted by them will last about 10-15 years.

Negative qualities of water-based paints, compared with alkyd and oil paints:

storage and painting work can only be produced at temperatures above +5 ° C. Painting at lower temperatures will lead to uneven distribution of paint, it will dry for a long time. If during storage the paint went through a cycle of freezing and thawing, it quality characteristics will be completely lost;
for painting exterior surfaces and surfaces wet rooms you can use only expensive water-dispersed paints, on acrylate and verstat binder;
high cost, exceeding the price of organically diluted coatings by 10-15% - manufacturers explain this by the complex composition of the paint. On the other hand, the room after painting VD AK is much easier to clean, because. no need to wipe stains with a rag with an unpleasantly smelling solvent;
before painting wooden surfaces with water-based paints, their careful preparation is required - the application of the first layer, its complete drying, then careful grinding and a new layer of paint, re-grinding. The fact is that the surface tension of a layer of water-dispersed paint is much higher than that of other paintwork materials - wood pile will be raised.

Application area. Water-dispersed paints are specialized according to the requirements for painted surfaces - for interior and external works, for dry and damp rooms. Accordingly, interior paint on exterior surfaces or dry interior paint on damp surfaces can be applied, but it will peel off after a few months, because it contains a smaller amount of film former and protective additives.

Appearance. Water-based paints are produced, giving a matte, glossy and silky-matte finish. Paints that form a matte and silky-matt surface are great for ceilings and for painting wallpapers, but, unlike glossy surfaces, they are less resistant to abrasion - they cannot be washed frequently.

Color. Water-based paints, most often, have White color- to get what you want colors they need to be tinted. Jars with colors and tables of color created by the color of a given color are present in every hardware store.

Quality indicators in appearance:

chromaticity. Open a can of paint, visually assess the degree of its whiteness - if the manufacturer used high-quality and expensive titanium dioxide, then the color will be exceptionally white, without any shades;
hiding power. It depends on the consumption of paint and the number of layers that must be applied to the surface to bring them into proper form. This indicator depends on the percentage and quality of the pigment, the density and density of the paint. There are two ways to reduce the cost of water-based paint production, popular among small manufacturers - 1) add water, lowering the density of the emulsion, 2) introduce more inexpensive filler, while increasing the density. You can estimate the hiding power without test painting if you weigh a 10-liter jar with water-dispersed paint - on average, its density should be 1.5 kg / l, i.e. quality paint in a 10-liter container will weigh about 15 kg ("+" or "-" 1 kg).

Marking on a can of paint. Water-based paint is marked with the letters "VD", which means "water-dispersed", further letter designation polymer, for example, "KCh" or butadiene-styrene. Then the numbers follow - the first one means the area of application of this paint, if it is “1”, then “for external work”, if “2”, then “for internal”. The numbers following the first indicate the catalog number - we do not need them. Make sure that there is an inscription on compliance with the conditions of GOST 28196-89, if TU is given instead - the quality of the paint may be low.

Manufacturer. On the local market, you will find a significant range of water-based paints from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. You can judge the quality of a particular brand by the reviews of your friends who have already used it in repairs and by the age of this manufacturing company - if it is younger than 3 years, it is better not to mess with its products. The fact is that the production of water-dispersed paints does not require any particularly large-scale production - according to by and large only a dispersant and a dissolver are required. Therefore, any more or less intelligent "small entrepreneur" can produce them, most often making paint "by eye" and having neither a laboratory nor a technologist in his staff. The larger the manufacturing company, the wider the range of its products, the better the product itself will be.

Price. It cannot be lower than one $1 (US) per liter - if you are offered paint at a lower price, then it is of poor quality. The cost of water-based paint is determined not by the territorial location of manufacturing plants and not by labor costs, but by the current price of the components that are introduced into its composition. Almost all world manufacturers of high-quality pigments and polymers are located in Europe, so the cost of a good water-dispersed paint will be almost the same in Europe and in Russia - Russian manufacturers pay quite high customs duties for the import of raw materials for the production of water-based paint from abroad. But the true reasons for the low cost are cheap raw materials and a violation of technology in production.

Before starting work on painting with water-based paint, the surfaces must be prepared: previously painted, cleaned of dirt and dust, successively washing it with water and washing powder and clean water; painted with chalk and lime to remove layers old paint; smooth out irregularities with a putty, after drying which sand and clean the surface from dust.

If painting work is carried out in the cold season, then the can of paint must be kept indoors for at least 24 hours, then opened, removed all visible inclusions and films, mixed thoroughly and added, when painting with a spray, 10% water. Paint consumption is indicated by the manufacturer on the container, on average it will be 150-250 g / m 2 with a two-layer application. Having calculated the approximate consumption, perform the tinting of the paint - it is necessary to tint a 10% larger volume than the one that you calculated by the average paint consumption. Reasons: the consumption will be higher in any case, and it will not be possible to “get into color” when trying to tint a new portion of paint - the color tone will be at least a little, but different.

To reduce the consumption of water-based paint, a preliminary application of a primer layer on the surface to be painted will help - it is much cheaper than paint.

Abdyuzhanov Rustam, rmnt.ru

At all times, paint has been used as a universal remedy for interior decoration. However, when working with oil formulations, the coating dries for a long time, and the mixture itself emits bad smell. What can not be said about water-based solutions. In this article we will describe what water-based paint is ( specifications, advantages and method of production of the composition).

Method for the production of water-based paint

The whole process can be conditionally divided into several stages. The first is the combination of a solution of an aqueous polymer dispersion with a pigment and a filler. The second - the resulting mixture undergoes dispersion (grinding of solid and liquid bodies). The third is the addition of additives that are necessary in accordance with the specifications. The fourth is the packaging of the finished material in cans.

Dispersion of ingredients is carried out in special dispersers (mills). These devices have several chambers, and they have a shaft with disks. It is with the help of it that grinding occurs. The resulting mixture is placed in the capacity of the dissolver (mixer). Thorough mixing takes place there, components are added according to specifications.

The timing of mixing all ingredients depends on the properties of each component, the total volume of the mixture, as well as the technical capacity of the dissolver and dispersant. As a rule, 30 minutes are enough for each operation. In this case, all work must be carried out at a temperature of +5 °C.

At the last stage, containers and strainers are prepared. It is through them that the finished paint will flow.

Advantages and disadvantages of water-based paint

Water-based paint for walls and ceilings has several advantages over oil-based paints. First, she dries faster. Sometimes, just a couple of hours is enough for the coating to dry. Secondly, absolutely safe and harmless to humans and the environment. This means that during painting work there is no need to urgently leave the premises.

Third, the paint does not have a strong odor, which usually lasts for several weeks after completion of work. Fourth, the coloring composition can be given almost any shade, while adding special pigments. For this, a special colorless composition is even sold. In hardware stores, as a rule, a catalog of colors and pigments suitable for them is offered.

Fifth, the process of applying paint is quite simple, and all tools are easily cleaned with plain water. You don't need to use any solvents. Of the shortcomings, only a few can be distinguished: work can only be done at a temperature of +5 ° C, the material is not cheap. For outdoor work, you need to choose the most expensive paint, because the conditions on the street are significantly different from those indoors.

Water-based paint: technical specifications

Water-based paint for ceilings and walls has the appropriate technical specifications. These include: composition, consumption, specific gravity, viscosity, storage conditions and shelf life. The composition of water-based paint: latex, thickener, fillers, antiseptic. Consumption on one layer about 150-200 ml/m 2 . The number of layers depends on the absorbency of the substrate.

Viscosity water-based paint is determined by a viscometer and should be equal to an average of 40-45 s (when applied with a brush), 20-25 (when using a paint sprayer). In fact, viscosity is an indicator that determines the degree of dilution of the paint with water. That is, water is added to the composition to a certain level, and then they are measured with a viscometer.

Specific gravity water-based paint is about 1.35 kg / l. Adhesion the average is 2.0 MPa. Drying time is from 2 to 24 hours. It all depends on the temperature and humidity of the air. The desired temperature is about + 20 ° C, and humidity - 65%. Keep the paint in a dark place (away from sunlight).

Water-based paint: technical characteristics and production method
Water-based paint, specifications - how do they affect the work process? What material parameters are important to know? About this in the video tutorial.

High-quality coloring is not only the result of the correct use of the coloring composition, but also the combination of certain material characteristics that determine solutions in this direction. When painting and varnishing, the key to success is the selection of such an indicator as the viscosity of the paint in DIN. Table optimal values presented in this article will help in this matter.

What depends on viscosity?

The very concept of viscosity hardly requires further explanation. But, here are some other characteristics that conditional viscosity itself can influence:

If the dye is too viscous, it is difficult to evenly distribute it over the entire surface. Excessive layer thickness will lead to the fact that it will take too long to dry. The final strength of the coating, on the contrary, decreases.

A solution that is thick in consistency will not fill the irregularities on the surface. This means that the adhesion deteriorates.

A large layer thickness is the reason for the formation of smudges and other similar defects.
An inexpensive spray gun, finally, simply cannot cope with materials that have too high a viscosity. Main principle work for pneumatic sprayers - low pressure in the air stream, suction of paint from the tank. They help those who are interested in how to determine the viscosity of the paint.

If the pressure drop is not enough, then the fixtures will have to be disassembled and then thoroughly washed. Harmful and paint, diluted with additional efforts. The number of layers required for high-quality processing increases. The time costs for this or that work are growing, including those in which the spray gun is involved.

Measurement Features

In what units?

For domestic manufacturers, it is typical to indicate this parameter in seconds. But imported materials suggest the use of a different designation - DIN. What is the meaning behind these combinations? And how is the characteristic measured?

They are only needed to indicate the time (in seconds) after which the composition passes through holes of a certain diameter, previously known. If the paint is more liquid, then it leaves the container faster. In the case of a thick composition, this takes longer. This does not affect how the viscometer is used.

About methods and tools

A viscometer is a special tool used when measuring liquid, a small funnel that strictly has a capacity of 100 milliliters. There is also a hole with a diameter of up to 4 millimeters. Devices with sufficient accuracy for effective use in everyday life cost from 200 to 500 rubles. They are used for the normal measurement of viscosity. Devices used in laboratories are much more expensive. Sometimes the cost reaches hundreds of thousands of rubles.

Instructions for using this device are as simple as possible:

First you need to fill the funnel by plugging the inlet with your finger.
The stopwatch starts as soon as the hole opens.
It remains only to record the time elapsed until the tank is completely empty. Individual drops are not taken into account for the ink viscosity in DIN, the table confirms this.

The temperature of both the paint itself and the surrounding air should not exceed 18-22 degrees. Any formulations will thicken at lower temperatures. And at elevated rates, on the contrary, it decreases. Because of this, the experiment about the viscosity for the paint will not be as effective.

What values are considered optimal?

The manufacturer usually writes on the packaging about which indicator is considered optimal in certain conditions. But information is easy to find on the official website, including for viscous liquids.

Definition of paint viscosity in DIN and table of recommended values
Viscosity paintwork material in DIN, shown in the table - a key parameter when carrying out repairs. What values are considered optimal?

Advantages of water-based paint

Water-based paint is in demand due to the following characteristics:

no peeling for a long period of operation,
no cracks and bad smell,
ease of application,
fast drying process
acceptable cost.

Besides, water-based paint allows you to get almost any shade by adding special pigments. Often, hardware stores provide a catalog of colors and corresponding pigments that match them.

The main disadvantages of water-based paints

Technical characteristics of water-based paint

Water-based paint has the following composition: latex, thickener, various fillers and antiseptic. The average consumption of water-based paint is 250 grams per square meter. The number of layers applied will directly depend on the absorbency of the surface to be painted. The viscosity of the paint is determined by a special device - a viscometer. This indicator should be within 45 s. (when using a brush), and 25 s. (using paint sprayer). By definition, viscosity is an indicator that characterizes the degree of dilution of the paint with water. The specific gravity of the paint is approximately 1.35 kg/l. Adhesion is 2.0 MPa, the final drying time is from 2 to 20 hours (depending on temperature conditions). It is necessary to store the paint in a dark and cool place (away from sunlight).

The main types of paints

Depending on the polymer present in the paint, there are four main types of water-based ( water-dispersion, latex or emulsion) colors:

Even among such a small variety, a potential consumer involuntarily raises a question: "So which water-based paint is better?". Let's take a closer look at the characteristics of each of them.

Acrylic water-based paints - quality first

This type of paint is most popular among both professional craftsmen and ordinary consumers who are trying to master the repair on their own.

The main disadvantage of such paints is the expensive cost. Therefore, analogue paints with acrylic copolymers have become widespread. Their price is much cheaper than real acrylic, and the quality is not much inferior to the original. Sometimes, to increase the elasticity of the acrylic coating, latex is added to the paint, which effectively resists moisture.

Silicone water-based paints - ideal for rooms with high humidity

In silicone paints, silicone resins predominate in the composition. They are a universal coloring and masking agent for all surfaces, hiding two-millimeter gaps from prying eyes. Silicone paint is also expensive, but it has a vapor barrier property, ideal for damp areas of the house that tend to form moisture. Thus, the paint will also actively fight the fungus that has appeared, preventing its reappearance.

Silicate water-based paint - an indicator of durability

Silicate water-based paint is a mixture of liquid glass, water with the possible addition of colored pigments. It is characterized by weather resistance and long service life (up to 20 years). But for excessively wet surfaces, it is better to use a different type of paint.

Mineral water-based paints

In the process of making mineral water-based paints, slaked lime or cement is added to their composition. They are used for any surfaces in the process of painting walls and ceilings. Their main purpose is painting with bricks and concrete surfaces which are subject to significant hydraulic loads. Distinctive feature Mineral paints have a short service life, so they gradually cease to be in demand.

Types of water-based paints: advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of water-based paint. The main disadvantages of water-based paints. The main types of colors Technical characteristics of water-based paint

Among the variety of repair materials, water-based paints are becoming more and more popular. Fire safety, a variety of shades and ease of application make water emulsion more and more popular. This type of paint does not have strong unpleasant odors, dries quickly after application and creates an even finish layer.

Types of water-based (water-dispersion) paint

Aqueous emulsion coating is an aqueous suspension of pigments, polymers and fillers. After its application, the water evaporates, and thanks to the polymers included in the composition, a thin coating is created. The properties and price of paint depends on the type of its main component.

By doing repair work paint is almost always used. Whether it is painting walls or floors, ceilings or facades, or maybe decorating individual elements.

All types of water-based paint are united by a common basis - an aqueous suspension. Depending on which polymer is included in the composition, the water emulsion is:

Silicone
Acrylic
silicate
Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)

PVA paint is a universal paint for interior work, which is made on the basis of PVA glue. It is suitable for painting ceilings, floors, walls. On the shelves of stores, this type of paint is one of the most budget options.

Advantages of polyvinyl acetate water emulsion:

paints porous surfaces well, such as: wood, plastered walls and concrete ceilings, cardboard products, etc., such paint is suitable for painting furniture;
safe to use, because it does not contain flammable and explosive components, does not require special storage conditions;
you can give gloss or create a matte surface with the help of additives, allows you to create interesting interior solutions;
low cost makes it in demand in the construction market, so it is easy to find it on store shelves;
suitable for rooms with high demands fire safety, especially this moment is important at enterprises where flammable things are stored (archives with documentation, a warehouse with things, chemicals, etc.);
a short drying time allows you to make repairs comfortably without additional ventilation of the room;
Works well on drywall walls.

Cons of polyvinyl acetate water-based paint:

unstable to moisture, used only for painting in dry rooms;
poorly withstand temperature extremes, not suitable for facades;
poor hiding power;
does not adhere to metal surfaces.

ATTENTION Paint consumption depends on the saturation of the shade. Darker shades are consumed less, as they paint over the surface immediately. For even application of bright and dark tones, 2 layers are enough. Approximately 150 g/m2 required Light bed tones are applied in more layers, for color uniformity, than increase the consumption to 250 g / sq.m.

Latex

The latex base makes water-based paints washable, able to withstand high humidity. This variety is suitable for painting walls in the bathroom and in the kitchen. It can be wiped with a damp cloth. Withstands up to 5000 brushing cycles. Water-based paint with a latex additive will last a long time on the walls of the bathroom and in the kitchen.

The cost of latex paint is more expensive than other types of water-dispersion coatings.

In addition to water-repellent properties, the latex "water emulsion" has good vapor permeability.

ATTENTION When using latex paint, it is not necessary to putty cracks up to 1 mm in advance, the paint has the ability to cover them, lying evenly on the surface.

Latex-based water-based paint dries as quickly as its subspecies, in just a few hours, making repairs comfortable and quick.

Acrylic (VDAK)

Acrylic paint is the highest quality, popular and expensive. The acrylic "water emulsion" is based on acrylic resins, which give it strength and elasticity. To reduce the cost of this type of coating, manufacturers produce styrene acrylic, vinyl acrylic and acrylic silicone, but the quality of the cheaper version is also significantly lower than the original.

Advantages:

it is used for all types of external and internal works;
it fits well on the plaster, after it has completely dried;
protects reinforced concrete from corrosion;
popular and always available from hardware stores.

Flaws:

Not suitable for application on damp walls with poor waterproofing
Expensive

Silicone

Silicone paint is similar to latex "water emulsion". The composition includes silicone resins, thanks to which small cracks on the surface turn into a smooth surface. Possesses water repellency(lotus effect). The surface becomes self-cleaning. The dust that settles on the facade is washed away by rain. Moss does not form on the surface, as antiseptic additives are present in the paint. The cost of this type of paint is as high as the quality. It is used in places of high humidity, for example, the basement of a building.

ATTENTION The components of silicone paint are not only resistant to moisture, but also successfully fight against the appearance of fungus and mold in these places.

If signs of mold were found on the walls, floors or ceilings before painting, this place must be cleaned and treated with hydrogen peroxide, then paint should be applied.

silicate

The most durable paint is a silicate water-based emulsion. It consists of liquid glass, a water base and other additives that make it resistant to various weather conditions and temperature extremes.

use this species paints for facades of buildings, which are washed away by ground and melt water, paint rooms with high humidity. High vapor and air permeability makes the walls breathable, preventing the effect of conservation.

How to dilute

Since the main component of the paint is water, it must be diluted with water. You can add no more than 10% of the total volume of paint.

The paint can be applied with a roller, brush or sprayer. For a sprayer, it is better to dilute the water-based emulsion with special thinners for acrylic paints. With the help of a thinner, you can correct the light reflection of the paint, that is, make it glossy or dull.

Heavily dried paints that have stood without use for a long time can also be reanimated. The quality of highly diluted paint deteriorates, but is suitable for touching up.

You can avoid quick drying of the paint by adding a little water to it after use and tightly close the lid. Store in a dark and cool place.

How to paint

The paint is applied to the prepared surface. Paint is applied with brushes, sponges, rollers and sprayers. With the help of special rollers or embossed sponges, various patterns and textures are created on the surface. large surface it is more convenient to paint with a roller, the paint lays down more evenly, and painting work is done faster. Narrow sections, corners, wall joints, transitions are more convenient to apply with a brush, and brushes of different widths can be used. To create a texture, sponges are often used, dipping them in a thick paint solution and wetting them on the surface. Creating a texture and applying patterns is not an easy task, it is better to experiment on small area, then it will not be necessary in the future, in case of an unsuccessful attempt, to repaint the entire surface.

Stages of staining with water-based paint:

Pour a small amount of paint into the roller tray. The tray is square shape with a small recess for paint and a place to squeeze the roller. The cost of trays in stores is cheap, but it is more convenient to work with it and paint consumption is less.
Dip a wide brush into the paint and walk along the perimeter of the wall or other surface, so the joints will be better painted over, and the transitions will be smoother.
It is good to saturate the roller with paint, scrolling it several times inside the tray so that excess paint is on the glass. The better the roller is impregnated, the more paint will be enough for a large quadrature.
Apply the paint evenly with a roller on the surface to be painted.

IMPORTANT It is better to start applying paint from above, then drops and smudges will not drain onto an already painted surface, but will be rolled out with a roller as you gradually move down.

Apply each subsequent layer of paint after drying the previous layer so that there is no dripping.

Consumption

An important factor is the paint consumption per square meter. Knowing these data, you can calculate the need for paint for work. If the paint is tinted, then the consumption must be taken into account with a margin, if there is not enough material, it can be difficult to achieve the same shade. Each manufacturer indicates information about paint consumption on its packaging (from 160 grams / m2), but these figures are averaged. Many factors affect the consumption: the type of tool, the material of the brush or roller, the number of layers, the ability to absorb the surface to be painted. In addition, each type of water-based paint has a different texture and density, respectively for painting various types water emulsion will need a different amount of paint.