Installation of fire alarm systems. Security and fire alarm in the apartment: device, diagram, connection yourself. Installation of fire detectors

If you are trying to protect yourself and your property from possible fires and fires, then installing a fire alarm system (FSA) is exactly the solution that will provide effective solution this task. Modern systems fire extinguishing systems include many innovative developments and solutions that will allow you to timely identify the source of fire, report a starting fire in fire service, as well as independently do everything possible to extinguish the fire and minimize its impact on the property in the room.

4 reasons to buy OPS

The principle of fire alarm operation provides for the possibility of early fire detection by characteristic features: increase in room temperature, smoke, presence open flame. Installing a fire alarm system will allow you to ensure in the event of a fire:

notification and management of personnel evacuation;
shutdown of operating process equipment;
turning off air conditioning systems and supply ventilation;
launch of fire extinguishing systems, smoke absorption and other fire protection systems.

Features of installation of fire systems

Installation of fire alarm systems involves a whole range of works, including:

selection of appropriate equipment for the project;
installation of the necessary sensors;
equipment setup and commissioning.

Installation of fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems can be carried out in any premises except landings and premises with high humidity and moisture condensation (bathtubs, showers, toilets, etc.). A fire alarm can be installed both in an office and in a residential building, or on.

Fire alarm installation. Prices are minimal, quality is maximum

Our company has many years of experience work in the installation of various fire systems. We offer a wide range of fire protection systems that can reliably protect your property from fire. Professional installation fire alarm system in Moscow is carried out quickly, efficiently and in accordance with established technical standards by our qualified team.

The cost of installing a fire alarm will depend on the type of system being installed. Traditional threshold systems fire alarms, which are installed mainly in offices or enterprises, have a lower price. And here automatic system addressable analog type will cost much more, but their operating efficiency is an order of magnitude higher. The prices for the services offered can be found in detail in our price list.

If you require the installation of a fire and security alarm system, the price of which is minimal in the region, and the quality of the work is consistent highest level– contact Pozhtekhmontazh LLC, we will definitely help.

Installation of fire alarm systems is one of the main stages of installation of fire protection systems in premises. This stage involves installing the necessary sensors and appropriate devices that will allow you to quickly and effectively identify the source of fire, notify about it and try to localize the fire, preventing the fire from breaking out in other places and spreading over large areas.

Installation of fire alarms has several purposes - notifying people about impending danger, transmitting a signal for help to the relevant special services, performing actions to eliminate the source of fire in the area. early stage.

Basic nuances of installing fire systems

After creating a project for a future alarm system and agreeing it with the customer, fire alarm installers begin directly to carry out work related to the installation of the appropriate equipment. At the initial stage, laying is carried out network cables, with the help of which power is supplied to alarm devices, signals are exchanged between sensors and signal-reading controllers, as well as the central control computer.

At the next stage, the installation of fire alarm systems involves the installation of appropriate sensors (temperature, smoke, open flame) and detectors associated with them. Next is the installation of the equipment primary fire extinguishing and smoke removal.

At the final stage, the installation of a fire alarm includes work on setting up the equipment, performing commissioning work and testing the operation of the system.

Fire alarm installation cost

The Pozhtekhmontazh company is ready to offer its clients installation of fire alarms in Moscow on mutually beneficial terms. A qualified team can perform installation work of any complexity. All work is carried out in strict accordance with established technical standards and GOSTs.

We install fire alarm systems in any premises, be it an industrial facility or a residential building, educational institution or warehouse space. To create fire alarms, only modern, high-quality equipment is used, which allows us to reliably protect the customer’s property from a possible fire. At the client's choice, we offer fire alarm installation, the cost of which may vary depending on the chosen equipment option. Threshold alarm will cost less, and analogue addressable systems have a slightly higher cost. All prices for installation of fire alarms by our specialists can be found in the price list of Pozhtekhmontazh LLC.

Pozhtekhmontazh LLC is ready to install a security and fire alarm system in a short time, the price of which will be minimal in the region. We guarantee high quality of all work!

To clarify questions regarding the installation of a fire extinguishing system at your facility, contact the manager.

An example of the cost of installing a fire alarm (non-addressable) for a room with an area of no more than 50 m2

Total cost including installation: 19,800 rubles (excluding VAT)
		2 pcs
	Manual fire detector	1 PC
	Light annunciator	1 PC
	Sound annunciator	1 PC
	Control and reception device	1 PC
	Battery	1 PC
	Fire resistant cable	35 m
	Fire-resistant power cable	5 m
	Corrugated pipe	28 m
	Single channel box	6 m

Example of the cost of installing a fire alarm (non-addressable) for an object with an area of 100 m2

Total cost including installation: 33,800 rubles (excluding VAT)
	Fire smoke detector	10 pieces
	Manual fire detector	1 PC
	Light annunciator	1 PC
	Sound annunciator	1 PC
	Control and reception device	1 PC
	Battery	1 PC
	Fire resistant cable	115 m
	Fire-resistant power cable	10 m
	Corrugated pipe	92 m
	Single channel box	14 m

Fire alarm installation must be carried out in strict accordance following rules and standards. In another case, the device may not fulfill its main purpose - not to warn you in time about a fire and a threat to human life/health.

Fire alarm: installation according to the rules

According to the List of buildings subject to protection by fire extinguishing installations and fire alarms (NPB 11003, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated June 18, 2003 No. 315), in administrative and residential buildings public purpose V mandatory Automatic fire alarms must be installed.

Some rooms (from 24 m² in area) must be equipped automatic installation fire extinguishing The need to install a fire alarm and notify about a fire in an apartment is not prescribed by law.

Figure 1 - Installation diagram of an alarm system in a private house

Fire safety systems: basic requirements

The main document defining system requirements automatic fire extinguishing, as well as fire alarm systems is the Federal Law “Technical Regulations on Requirements fire safety"(Art. 83).

Among others, the following requirements apply to fire alarm systems:

installation of the ATP must be carried out in full accordance with appropriately developed and approved project documentation;
ATP systems must automatically detect a fire or ignition, send control signals to the warning and evacuation control system, as well as to control devices for the operation of fire extinguishing installations, to the smoke protection system and other technical means;
It is necessary to place fire detection equipment in a protected room, from which, however, determining the occurrence of a fire at any point in the room will not become problematic.

Besides Federal Law, the requirements for the ATP are also established by the following documents:

SP 5.13130.2009. Set of rules. Systems fire protection. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design standards and rules approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated March 25, 2009 N 175;
SP 3.13130.2009. Set of rules. Fire protection systems. Warning and management system for evacuation of people in case of fire. Fire safety requirements approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated March 25, 2009 N 173;
NPB 58 97. Fire safety standards. Fire alarm systems are addressable. Are common technical requirements. Test methods approved by Order of the Main Directorate for State Traffic Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 1996 N 64.

IMPORTANT! As reference material you can also use the corresponding OKDP.

Figure 2 - Project OPS

Types of fire alarms

There are three types of fire alarms:

threshold;
targeted survey;
addressable analog.

Threshold

The principle of the threshold fire alarm device is that each fire detector (sensor) has a built-in response threshold. Thus, the thermal sensor will work when a certain temperature threshold is reached, set individually for it.

The threshold system is designed in such a way that in the center of the so-called “star” there is a control panel with control loops (beams) extending from it, in each of which a a certain amount of sensors (in most cases there are no more than 30). If one of these sensors is triggered, the entire device loop will also trigger. But you must further search for the localization of the fire with your own hands - the automation of the system is limited to this.

System advantages: the equipment is inexpensive.

Flaws: low information content of the system, as well as the inability to monitor the state of the sensor at any time.

Manufacturers: POLON-ALFA IGNIS 1030, IP 101/435-1-A1/2 “Expert”.

Targeted survey

If at threshold fire protection system The control panel monitors changes in the loop parameter, then the addressable polling system independently generates requests about the state of system elements, sent to the sensors. In address-interrogation signaling, the sensors are connected by a loop into a ring. The system can generate "Normal", "Fire" and "Fault" messages.

System advantages: greater information content, constant monitoring of the status of sensors. Also this type alarm system corresponds to the price-quality combination.

Flaws: The system reacts to a fire or fire later than the addressable analogue PS.

Manufacturer: Polon-Alfa Polon 4100 or Polon 4900.

Addressable analogue alarm system

This is the best PS so far. Not only does it have everything technical advantages previous types of PS, but also a number of its impressive advantages. The main difference between the system design is that the decision about an alarm signal is made not by the sensor itself, but by the control panel, which received a signal different from the norm.

There is a continuous connection between the control panel and the sensors, due to which the panel constantly receives changes in the monitored parameters and analyzes any changes.

System advantages: fire detection at an early stage, less material consumption during installation, less installation work, implementation of continuous monitoring of sensor performance.

Flaws: Quite a price.

Manufacturers: Bosh FPA-1200.

Fire alarm installation standards

All necessary rules Fire alarm installations are set out in the publicly available document SP 5.13130.2009. Set of rules. Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic.

This document should not be understood as a guide to installing ATP yourself. Work must be carried out exclusively by certified companies and with the approval of the installation project by higher authorities.

We will give an example of rules for installing a water or foam fire extinguishing device.

The first group of premises includes book depositories, libraries, circuses, shops, office buildings, hotels and hospitals.

The irrigation intensity of the protected area in them should be at least 0.08 l/(s*m²), and the water flow rate should be at least 10 l/sec. In the event of a fire, the water supply should be at least 30 minutes, and the maximum distance between sprinklers should not exceed 4 m.

If the height of the protected room is up to 3.5 m, one detector can monitor up to 85 m² of such area. In this case, the distance when installing the detector to the wall must be at least 4.5 m.

Installation of a security and fire alarm system can be carried out when:

room temperature +20°C;
organization of supply and exhaust ventilation;
relative air humidity up to 60%;
noise level not higher than 65 dB.

The cost of installing a fire alarm is approximately calculated taking into account the area of the protected room, as well as the system option.

So, for example, for a room area of up to 150 m², the price will be from $12 to $20 per square meter.

When installing an addressable fire alarm, the coefficient will be 0.7-1.2.

To calculate the cost of work, it is necessary to multiply the area of the room in need of protection by the price, and then by the coefficient.

So, with a room area of 45 m², the minimum cost of work will be $378.

This price will also include warranty service of the ATP by the installer company.

$ Cost of work

Kyiv - from 100 UAH/m² (including a correction factor of 1);
Moscow - from 350 rubles/m² (including a correction factor of 0.7).

Fire alarm installation. VIDEO

The basis of the kit technical means, used to notify about a fire or illegal entry into a facility, are made up of special sensors or detectors placed in all premises. The installation of a security and fire alarm system has only one goal - to protect a person in the course of his work activities, wherever he is in the world. this moment time.

In order for such equipment to work normally, you must adhere to strict rules regarding the order of its design, subsequent installation, ongoing operation and maintenance.

Principle of operation

A modern security and fire alarm system (FS), installed on site, is a technical complex consisting of a whole set of special devices. Their main purpose is to provide conditions for early warning of danger.

Thanks to these devices, in most cases it is possible to secure premises, and also protect from fire not only the buildings themselves, but also the material assets stored in them.

The fire and security alarm system consists of two interconnected parts. The first part is a set of sensors mounted directly indoors or outdoors. They can react to temperature, smoke, movement, broken glass, carbon monoxide release.

The second mandatory part of the security and fire alarm system is the executive (dispatcher) part, designed to collect and register information received from sensors.

The dispatcher's console contains indicators that indicate the status of sensors located on objects, which allows you to receive a signal about a fire or unauthorized entry on the floor plan of a specific room.

In semi-automatic security mode, after receiving an alarm message at the control panel, the operator manually turns on the warning system, activating voice and visual information transmission channels.

After confirming the danger of fire, an alarm signal is transmitted to the access control system, which puts all structures of the organization into evacuation mode. The same signal is sent to the addresses utility networks, temporarily blocking them.

Functions

IN automatic mode professionally installed fire and security alarm The OPS is capable of performing the following functions:

determining the exact location of the fire;
identification of the lesion after duplication of the initial signal;
identification of damage in the network caused by a short circuit or broken cable (with reference to the layout of the facility);
detecting the location of a fire at its very initial stage;
control of processing units for incoming information with output of results to the control panel.

With the help of security and fire alarms, you can monitor the status of objects on plans of varying degrees of detail. Information is displayed on the remote control not only in text, but also in graphic format.

Project preparation and calculations

Design complex systems security and fire alarm system represents the first stage of installation and involves the implementation of a whole complex technical events. The effectiveness of the fire and security alarm systems depends on their quality.

The development of the project should be carried out exclusively by professionals who are capable of making complex calculations of the operating modes of a large group of firefighters and security devices taking into account their specific location.

Since the individual components of the security and fire alarm system (sensors and control panel) are combined through a loop, the main attention in the design is paid to marking the route for its installation.

During the installation process, additional protection should be provided for cables and wires, which, according to the project, should be laid in pipes (or in a special protective corrugation).

When developing technical equipment, the design features of this object must also be taken into account, the elements of which are usually used to install connecting lines (loop). To do this, you should carefully study the layout of the facility and prepare an expert assessment containing the following mandatory sections:

level of design complexity;
dimensions of office premises and rooms;
planning features.

When designing security and fire system especially close attention should be given to areas of high fire hazard, which are particularly highlighted in the general plan.

Preparation project documentation for the installation of a security and fire alarm system includes the preparation of technical specifications that take into account the customer’s requirements.

The layout and design features of a building or object are studied. An estimate is prepared, confirmed by special calculations. Specially agreed upon important points design work with the customer, after which the final signing of the prepared documents takes place.

Before installation work begins, appropriate calculations are made to allow the selection of the optimal system architecture, the installation of which will require a minimum of costs. Taking these factors into account significantly affects the final cost of the security kit fire fighting equipment.

A properly calculated system must make do with a minimum number of sensors and detectors, determined taking into account the height of the room, and also have optimal length connecting cable.

It is also necessary to clarify the required cross-section of the signal conductors and determine the capacity of the independent power source (battery).

Installation and connection

Installation and connection of security and fire alarm equipment at the protected object is carried out in compliance with the following standards and rules.

The number of firefighters obtained based on the calculation and security detectors must be evenly distributed over the ceiling surface.

In accordance with the requirements of the regulations, at least two fire detectors must be installed when the height of the room is more than 3.5 meters and the area is about 80 square meters.

During installation, you must ensure that they are not located close to the ceiling surface, but are fixed with a small gap specified in the instructions.

During the installation process, it is necessary to focus on pre-designated points at which the devices are first carefully secured and then connected via a two-wire line to the power source (battery) and the remote control.

They are all connected to each other in series (that is, by a loop), and the limiting resistor is mounted in the block of the last device in the chain.

Upon completion of installation work, it is necessary to check the loop for operability, for which a lit match is brought to one of the sensors and the activation of the corresponding indicator on the control panel is recorded.

If any deviations in the operation of the alarm are detected, it must be configured according to the instructions.

Fire detector locations

According to the requirements of regulations, the locations of fire and security alarm detectors are selected as follows.

The distance from the sensor installation site to the wall should not be less than 4.5 meters with a gap between them of about 9 meters. These standards are valid for single-level ceilings whose height does not exceed 3.5 meters.

In cases where alarm sensors are mounted on walls, the distance between them should be within 0.2 meters, which is quite enough to eliminate false alarms due to accidental smoke.

Operating principle of the warning system

When a fire occurs, the detectors instantly react to heat or smoke and automatically transmit a signal to the remote control, initiating an audio alert.

The security unit operates in a similar manner, recording the fact of a break-in or entry into the premises, and sounding an alarm. In terms of its structure and method of informing about a fire, such alarms can be local or centralized.

Local or autonomous devices are part of an independent fire and burglary registration unit with built-in storage modules and conversion of information received from the sensor.

When using them, the presence of a central control panel with a set of sound and light warning devices is not provided.

Centralized systems operate in both semi-automatic and automatic modes and provide for the generation of alerts and their distribution over pre-designated zones.

To implement the notification function in centralized systems Security and fire alarms use special input and output interfaces that provide information output in an easy-to-read form.

Possible faults

Installation and repair of security and fire alarm systems are carried out by personnel specially trained for this purpose, who are capable of not only competently organizing the installation, but also restoring functionality in the event of a malfunction.

To avoid alarming until necessary overhaul When servicing it, preventative maintenance is regularly carried out, which consists of cleaning smoke sensors from dust and small particles of debris.

During a control inspection of a damaged system, it is not uncommon to discover a broken cable or an accidental error made during installation.

When using them, the following problems occur:

damage or breakage of the cable;
systemic power outages;
problems in electrical diagram control panel;
discharge of auxiliary power sources (batteries).

Maintenance of fire and security systems is mandatory as part of the ongoing on-site preventive measures. Only if this requirement is met is it possible to extend the trouble-free operation of security equipment.

The price for installing an automatic fire alarm starts from 18,000 rubles and depends on:

Fire alarm type (analog, addressable, wireless)
Type of sound warning system (siren, voice notification)
Type of object (warehouse, shopping mall, school, office, store, gym, complex of buildings and structures)
Interior decoration of the facility, Special attention focused on ceilings (Armstrong tiles, concrete, wood, metal)
Ceiling height
Area of the facility and number of rooms, including corridors, vestibules
Transport accessibility

What else needs to be done after installing a fire alarm?

After completing the installation of an automatic fire alarm (AFS), according to the article 61 And 63 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 390 of April 25, 2012 "ABOUT fire mode» the owner of the premises or the tenant (the person responsible for fire safety is specified in the lease agreement) must conclude a contract for fire alarm maintenance with an organization that has the right to perform this type works on the basis of a license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

A set of fire safety documents, what does it consist of, how can I prepare it myself?

Your site must have set of fire safety documents, when checking the Ministry of Emergency Situations, you will be asked to provide it partially or completely. Learn more about what documents it includes, how to prepare them yourself, and fine amount for their absence, you can find out in our article:

Is it necessary to install fire detectors behind a suspended ceiling (false ceiling, Armstrong, suspended ceiling, plasterboard, etc.)? Those same 40 cm.

According to points 13.3.8, 13.3.11, 13.3.16 Set of rules No. 5, if the distance from the false ceiling to the ceiling more than 40 cm., then the ceiling space must be monitored by fire detectors, which must be accessible for maintenance and repair. Fire alarm detectors are also installed on the suspended ceiling itself (false ceiling).

What to do if the suspended ceiling (false ceiling) is perforated (with holes)? Where is the sensor placed, on the ceiling or perforated parts of the ceiling?

According to paragraph 13.3.16 Set of rules No. 5, if all 4 points are met:

perforation (holes, cells) have a uniform structure
the area of these holes is more than 40 percent of the false ceiling area
hole diameter or cell size greater than 10 mm
the thickness of the suspended perforated ceiling is less than three times that of minimum size holes, cells

then fire alarm detectors are installed on the ceiling, above the false ceiling. It is assumed that smoke will freely pass through the cells of the perforated suspended ceiling and will be monitored by a fire detector on the ceiling.

Accordingly, if at least one point is not observed, fire alarm detectors are installed on suspended ceiling and on the ceiling, if it is more than 40 cm from the false ceiling.

Where and why is the IPR manual call point installed?

Manual call point (IPR) of fire alarm according to paragraph 13.13 Code of Practice No. 5 is established to allow people to be notified of a fire if the fire was noticed before the fire alarm went off. The person who noticed the fire first begins to evacuate and, running out into the street, activates the manual call point, which turns on the fire warning system. Accordingly, manual call points are installed immediately before the exits from the building, from the floor to the stairs, on escape routes at a height of 150 cm. The distance between manual call points inside the building should not exceed 50 meters.

How to turn off (press the button) the IPR manual fire call point?

When a manual fire alarm call point is activated, the button goes down so that people are notified of the fire without stopping, in case of a false fire signal or accidental pressing of the manual call point button it must be turned off (press the button) using a special key. The key is supplied with the IPR and is kept by the person responsible for operating the fire alarm. In some IPR models, when activated, the glass on the front panel breaks and to turn it off you need to replace glass.

Is it necessary to install an “EXIT” light sign and where is it installed?

According to paragraph 5 Set of rules No. 3, the “EXIT” light sign is installed in rooms where more than fifty people can be present at the same time, as well as in exhibition and showrooms, cinemas, etc. regardless of the number of people. Installation of the “EXIT” light board is carried out immediately before going out onto the street, from the floor to the stairs or to a safe area. The “EXIT” sign must be lit constantly and have a backup power supply, which will ensure the operation of the “EXIT” sign during a power outage.

But, designers and our engineers strongly recommend installing “EXIT” light signs when installing a fire alarm in all rooms before going out onto the street, stairs, where there are workplaces, because it is inexpensive, and in case of smoke, its help during evacuation is priceless.

In what cases is it necessary to install a voice warning system, and when is a siren sufficient?

Is it necessary to duplicate the signal from the fire alarm to the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the fire department or to the monitoring console of private organizations?

Installing a fire alarm is necessary, first of all, to notify people of a fire or smoke in the room. The time remaining to fight the fire and evacuate people and only then to save property depends on the timeliness of the fire alarm, so duplicate the fire alarm signal to the monitoring console of third-party organizations or the Ministry of Emergency Situations not necessary, with the exception of buildings of functional classes fire danger F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2 according to Article 83 paragraph 7 Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”, and in Article 32 paragraph 1 The same Federal Law states which buildings belong to these classes:

F1.1— buildings of preschool educational organizations, specialized homes for the elderly and disabled (non-residential), hospitals, dormitory buildings of educational organizations with the presence of a boarding school and children's organizations
F1.2- hotels, hostels, dormitories of sanatoriums and holiday homes general type, campsites, motels and boarding houses
F4.1— buildings of educational institutions, organizations additional education children, professional educational organizations
F4.2— buildings of educational organizations higher education, organizations of additional professional education

In these buildings and structures, according to Article 83 paragraph 7 it is said that duplication of the signal about a fire should occur without intermediaries, i.e. no one can do this private organization, but should happen directly to the Ministry of Emergency Situations console, for example using PAK "Strelets-monitoring".

In all other buildings and structures, they can optionally duplicate the signal from the fire alarm to the Ministry of Emergency Situations using the Strelets-Monitoring software package or in other ways to the remote control of a third-party monitoring organization, but by law do not do this not obliged.

Who is responsible for violating fire safety requirements?

Regulated Art. 38 Federal Law of December 21, 1994 No. 69-FZ “On Fire Safety”