Lighting in an apartment building at whose expense. Maintenance of street lighting on poles. Outdoor garden lighting

When it starts to get dark outside, a feeling of discomfort appears. Unlit places are dangerous. You may trip, hit an obstacle, or get injured. In the dark, the risk of being attacked or stolen increases. Therefore, there is a need for street lighting at night. But often we are faced with the fact that in the yard or on the street there are no lights or no lights at all. This happens especially often in areas of new buildings or residential complexes, multi-apartment buildings in residential areas.

Street lighting on poles - who maintains it? What to do if there is no lighting near residential buildings? Where to go or where to call in this case? Let's try to understand these issues.

Scope of activity of the service dealing with outdoor lighting

The street lighting service performs maintenance, maintenance and repair of structures, namely:

prevention and maintenance of structures;
changing lamps, monitoring the health of equipment and electrical networks;
inspection of distribution devices and regular cleaning;
inspection of telemechanical control devices, street lighting installations, checking all structural elements;
cleaning reflectors and reflectors. Minor repairs of contact connections and fasteners;
painting of metal surfaces of devices, taking into account the fact that restoration of coatings is necessary once every 3 years;
current repairs with a range of measures;
major repair work.

In the case of manual control of the lighting system, schedules are drawn up for turning on and off devices.

Procedure for solving street lighting problems

State and municipal executive authorities are supposed to control street lighting. They are authorized to enter into contracts with organizations servicing street lighting devices. First you need to contact your local office to clarify the main points:

information about the customer who entered into a lighting maintenance contract;
a specific lighting service area is under federal or municipal jurisdiction;
Which organization is responsible for providing lighting for the street in question?

It is better to submit your request in writing, indicating the area with missing lighting and requesting that the problem be corrected.

Having received the necessary information, you need to make two complaints: to the customer and to the service organization. And only if measures are not taken after the expiration of the 30-day period, contact a higher authority. Read more about general principles local government organizations in Russian Federation and the city lighting system can be read in Art. 16 of the Federal Law of October 6, 2003. No. 131-FZ.

The permissible number of non-working street lamps, according to the rules of sanitary maintenance, is no more than 10% in the underground passage and 5% in the lighting of the local area.

If there is no light in the courtyard of the house, the management company is responsible for street lighting, its serviceability and availability. First, you need to draw up an act in which you set out all the known information about the fact of lack of lighting: address, house number, date and signatures of neighbors or the elder in the house, indicating his phone number and other data. The act must be drawn up in two copies in order to receive a date stamp on your copy and responsible person who received the document.

If possible, supplement your request to eliminate the problem with photographs of the area where there is no necessary lighting or it does not meet lighting standards. According to Art. 314 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, an authorized representative of the company, within 7 working days, will have to check the data set out in the application act, answer the question about eliminating the breakdown of the device or the possibility of replacement or installation, if there is none at all.

If the management company ignores your requirements, there will be grounds for recalculating the amount of payment for maintaining the house and filing a complaint with the municipal administration or the prosecutor's office. It is better if the appeal is collective, including the signatures of all adult residents of the house or houses located in an unlit area. If after 30 days no response is received, and no one will take care of the coverage, then you can submit documents to the court.

Lighting in villages and rural settlements

In rural life, the issue of illumination of the territory is almost always acute. Even if there are a sufficient number of devices, as a rule, they do not light up at night or are turned on only for a few hours. SNiP 05/23/95 regulates the lighting standards for village squares, according to which at least 8/10 of the territory must be illuminated. The only exceptions are very small settlements, where the standard establishes the presence of two street lights: at the entrance and exit.

Financing rural areas provided by the Federal Treasury. The money is distributed by the administration, which makes decisions about the installation and operation of the lighting. The local municipality, in accordance with Law No. 131-FZ, is responsible for the maintenance and provision of lighting.

However, there is always a shortage of money; there is nothing to pay energy sales departments for repairs or other technical work. Therefore, today the problem of lighting in rural areas is still not solved, however, like many other issues of the development of villages and agriculture in general.

Street lighting standards

To ensure the proper level of illumination, there are SNiP standards that define standards for streets, roads and other external areas, and instructions for designing outdoor lighting in populated areas.

Conventionally, settlement territories are divided into 3 types:

local roads and streets;
streets and roads of regional significance;
express roads.

Average illumination levels depend on traffic intensity:

adjacent areas should have an illumination of 4 lux;
squares, roads, streets with traffic up to 500 people per hour - the illumination standard is 6 lux;
from 500 – 8 lux;
from 550 to 1000 - at least 10 lux;
District streets and highways with a traffic volume of 1000 people or more require 15 lux;
when 3,000 people or more pass through, a luminous flux of 20 lux must be provided;
According to standards, bridges, interchanges, road overpasses and city squares require an illumination level of 20 or 25 lux.

Types of pillars and rules for their installation

To provide a sufficient level of light to the maximum area, it is necessary to install the lamps at a certain height. For this purpose, special supports are used - pillars, which are made of various materials:

Tree. For lighting fixtures wood is used coniferous species. Such poles are inexpensive, light in weight and easy to install. They are also quite safe in emergency situations. The disadvantages include their fragility, they require special treatment against rotting and do not have a good appearance.

Concrete. The supports have no high cost. They are easy to use and quite durable. Disadvantages of designs - rough appearance and fear of the proximity of groundwater.
Reinforced concrete. Posts of this type are durable, not sensitive to corrosion, and inexpensive. Disadvantages: high cost of installation and maintenance during operation. The appearance is the same as that of concrete supports.
Metal (steel or aluminum). Such supports are durable, strong, stable and quite decorative. Disadvantages include high cost and the need for periodic painting.

When installing lighting poles, due consideration must be given to the foundation. . When installing lawns, the depth must be at least 80 cm. For other types of installation of poles, immersion in the ground must be done to a depth of 160 cm.

Other requirements include the following standards:

the distance between supports is at least 60 cm;
lining up pillars in one row;
lining up in two rows with a rectangular or checkerboard pattern.

The distance of the devices from the road curb depends on the traffic intensity:

roads on which freight transport does not travel – 0.3 m;
secondary roads – 0.6 m;
highways – 1 m.

Types of outdoor lighting lamps and advantages of LED lamps

Various lamps are used in street lighting:

mercury;
sodium;
metal halide lamps;
LED

IN recent years More and more city streets are filled with LED lights. A number of undeniable advantages of lamps of this type allows prudent and wise officials to turn a blind eye to the fairly high cost. Distinctive features LED street fixtures are:

durability;
strength;
high resistance to vibration, humidity, temperature changes, dust;
efficiency;
emission of even and bright light that does not blind drivers and pedestrians.

The importance and necessity of street lighting on poles is undeniable: for safety traffic, for the convenience of pedestrians, for a feeling of security and comfort in the dark.

Every owner strives to organize the lighting of his yard in the optimal way to make it beautiful and convenient. At the same time, energy consumption should be minimal. This is not an easy task, but it is quite realistic. This work can be done independently, if you have basic knowledge and skills in electrical engineering. In order to properly perform lighting in the yard, it is necessary to take into account some features.

Lighting in the yard is divided into types

Yard lighting includes several separate lighting areas. The electrical circuits of these sections are independent of each other and are switched on separately. To properly develop a yard lighting scheme, you need to decide in advance where the lamps will be located, and in what places it is best to place them, as well as determine the electrical supply diagram and methods for controlling the lighting system.

General lighting

First of all, you need to think about lighting general purpose. The name speaks for itself. This light is needed for general overview area in the dark. For this purpose, high lanterns, wall lamps, and floodlights are used. They are installed near the house, on the outskirts of the site, in access and utility areas.

Marking lighting

This type of lighting is intended not so much to illuminate as to indicate zones. They are allocated different zones of the site and paths. To do this, use small lamps that can be located on the ground or mounted directly into paving slabs.

Another option are pillar lamps . They are not made too high, otherwise they will blind you when you pass by. And you will have difficulty seeing everything that is hidden behind them. Also, do not place them too close to each other.

When placing lamps on the site, you must remember that the distance between them should be from 7 to 10 meters with a height of 1-1.2 meters. If the lamps are lower, then you can install them more often. In any case, you need to ensure that the smooth curves and lines of the area are emphasized by lamps.

If there are lamps, it is very small size, they can be built anywhere, it depends on your imagination: in benches, in retaining walls, etc.

Some examples of marking lighting:

Near the entrance to the gate Most often, several lamps are installed that work constantly throughout the night. For this type of lighting, several are installed. In this case, the light can be turned off while being near the gate or in the house.
Access road lighting . Lights more than 1 meter high are installed from the garage to the gate. It depends on the light intensity. The areas of illuminated areas between adjacent lamps must overlap each other. This will provide more uniform lighting and safe access.
Lighting of stairs and paths ensures safe night travel. To do this, install the lights at a low height of about 50 cm or lower. The distance between such lanterns should be no more than the diameter of the illuminated circle with slight overlap.

Security Lighting

For this purpose, powerful spotlights are most often used, capable of illuminating important areas, the entrance to the house, utility rooms and the garage. Such lighting in the yard is usually not turned on for continuous operation. In important areas, they are installed, which are triggered when any movement occurs in the sensor sensitivity zone.

If intruders enter this area, the sensors will go off and turn on the security lighting. It should also be possible to turn on this system from inside the house in case of sensor malfunction. An important point is to adjust the sensitivity of the light sensors. They can work on birds, dogs or cats. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust their sensitivity so that the light turns on only when a person appears.

Decorative (architectural) lighting in the yard

Of course, first of all, it is necessary to ensure the safety and security of the territory at night, as well as lighting for moving along dark paths. But lighting in the yard can also provide an attractive appearance to the local area, and advantageously highlight beautiful objects in the yard. When choosing night lights and their location, it is necessary to ensure the creation of the best decorative effect.

It is advisable to illuminate places such as bushes, pools, gazebos, and some parts of the house building. This is a directional light that helps to place accents. This is what is often called the most effective landscaping technique. Decorative lighting of water bodies: ponds, pools, fountains deserves special attention. The following rule applies here: either the surface of the water must be illuminated, or separate element its design. There is no need to illuminate the entire object. When one element is highlighted, everything else mysteriously hides in the twilight.

The color of the lighting also affects the decorativeness of the lighting. Warm light adds comfort and coziness, and also visually reduces the volume of space. Cold light visually increases the space of the area.

Features of yard lighting

The lighting cable to the lamp is laid at a depth of 70 cm in a protective pipe, which protects it from possible damage. Usually used plastic pipe. It is elastic and bends well. However, such a pipe is easy to damage, for example, with a shovel. If you use a metal-plastic pipe, it will serve for a long time and protect the cable from mechanical damage.

All lighting must be thought out in advance, during the planning of the site and construction of the house. At this time, lighting and electrical diagrams are drawn up, taking into account cable routing and insulation. Electrical networks must be laid before tree planting. In a yard with planted trees, you can use it for lighting. It is fire and electrical safe, since the cable transmits not electricity, but light. The fiber optic cable itself does not need to be laid in the ground, but simply decorated with plants or other elements.

IN lately lighting in the yard is often done using. They are ideal for contour lighting of a house, paths, small architectural forms, ponds, and can operate from autonomous power sources for more than 10 years.

You can make lighting in your yard independent of electricity using. Such autonomous lamps can be easily moved to different places. However, the lighting efficiency of such lamps is very low, so they are most often used as additional lighting to the main electric lighting of the yard.

Each lamp has its own level of protection against external factors, that is . This parameter characterizes the resistance of the lamp to the penetration of dust, moisture and dirt. To illuminate the yard, it is necessary to use lamps with good protection from the external environment.

The yard lighting system is quite complex, so organizing street lighting yourself is a difficult task. Knowing how to correctly combine these types, you can create a harmonious and complete lighting ensemble in your garden.

Ways to control yard lighting

We must not forget about the convenience of controlling yard lighting. Let's look at the main popular ways to control courtyard lighting.

Manual control

The most popular option is manual control. It is better to place switches as close to the house as possible for convenient control. Such a system is more reliable and does not require large financial costs, except for the purchase of switches or circuit breakers. The light turns off and on as you wish. However, this type of lighting control is convenient only when the owners are constantly in the house.

Automatic system

If you sometimes have to leave the house unattended, or return home late, then manual method lighting control is not suitable. This problem is solved by using an automatic system.

Lighting in the yard can work automatically using:

(light sensitive element).

Such sensitive elements are connected in a series circuit. In the normal state, the contacts of these elements are open, and no voltage is supplied to the lighting. When triggered, the contacts close and power is supplied to the lighting devices.

Sensing elements are installed in places depending on their principle of operation. For example, it is better to install a time relay inside the house, and motion and light sensors should be placed outside, preferably closer to the lamp.

It is advisable to install light and motion sensors on the driveway. Illumination of stairs and paths can work with the same sensors, however, this option is inconvenient due to periodic adjustments when the season changes.

Technical requirements for organizing courtyard lighting

For lighting the yard, a separate power line is allocated with protective devices, and division into sections.
Cables are laid in the ground or in the air. Air laying is simpler, but does not have protection against wire theft. Earth laying is more expensive, but more reliable. The depth of the soil laying must be at least 70 cm.
Cables for yard lighting with air laying are recommended to be used with double rubber insulation, and in the ground - armored.
The insulation of the cable connections must be very reliable, or preferably double, using.

Where might is right, right is powerless

Japanese proverb

For some reason in our country the idea of hanging everything on more weak side relations, including financial ones, comes to the minds of those in power, and not only those (also those who are financially stronger) constantly. Yes, and the courts supervisory authorities states are not lagging behind them in this regard.

Regular innovations in legislation always involve some costs: time, financial, etc. However, changes to laws often do not indicate sources of funding for their “improvements.” It is supposed that they are paid for by the performers in the person of entrepreneurs and ordinary citizens - after all, it was for them that the authorities came up with these improvements: after all, they think about the good of the people...

It is very sad that easing the tax and supervisory burden for small and medium-sized businesses, improving life and raising its standard for citizens are just proclaimed slogans in our country. In fact, we see the opposite. At the very least, innovations in legislation and law enforcement practice do not contribute to the implementation of these slogans and do not correspond to them.

So in the housing and communal services sector, all improvements for owners always require financing by management organizations (MAs). No one is interested in the fact that the owners do not want to take part in general meetings, where payments for everything should be approved compulsory work on the maintenance of the house. And in general, the owners do not want to raise this fee in 99% of cases. There is no legal liability for failure to fulfill their obligations by owners in this matter.

Although the norms of housing legislation directly state the imperative rule that all necessary legal requirements for the maintenance of a house are provided through economically justified financing from the owners of the premises in apartment building(hereinafter referred to as MKD).

All responsibility and blame went to the management organizations, who are guilty, however, as always: they work poorly and were unable to hold a meeting so that the owners approved new tariff for its services, naturally, with an increase (after all, a decrease in prices for anything occurred in our country only during the times of the USSR).

This is only for resource supply organizations(RSO) tariffs are accepted at the state level with all of them included necessary costs. And then they try to gain some additional preferences for themselves, successfully lobbying their interests in legislative and judicial bodies.

So, some local government bodies (LGUs) are trying to make the lighting of the local area and intra-block passages (hereinafter referred to as street lighting) the responsibility of the management organization. I have repeatedly seen responses from local self-government bodies addressed to management organizations, where this responsibility of the management was directly pointed out by the “smart heads” of representatives of the municipal government. Not to mention the fact that the standards for the maintenance of common property for electricity and other resources are constantly being cut and do not ensure that these costs, which include lighting of common areas of apartment buildings, are fully transferred to the owners of the premises apartment building. And management organizations are to blame themselves, “entrepreneurial risks”, so to speak...

It is encouraging that, for the most part, the courts and the Prosecutor's Office in this matter do not agree with this opinion of local self-government bodies in all regions. And this fact allows managing organizations to avoid imposing an additional financial burden, which is already considerable, thanks to the smart legislative initiatives of the Ministry of Construction and deputies of various professions.

In accordance with Part 1 of Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Housing Code of the Russian Federation), the owners of premises in an apartment building own, by the right of common shared ownership, the common property in the apartment building.

According to Part 3 of Article 39 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the rules of maintenance common property in an apartment building (MKD) are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 13, 2006 No. 491 approved the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building (hereinafter referred to as Rules No. 491), which regulate relations regarding the maintenance of common property owned by the right of common shared ownership to the owners of premises in an apartment building.

The composition of common property in an apartment building is determined by part 1 of article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, as well as paragraph 2 of Rules No. 491 and is exhaustive.

External lighting networks in the local area are not included in the common property of an apartment building. That is, the obligation of owners of premises in apartment buildings to bear the costs of street lighting in the residential complex of the Russian Federation is not directly contained in Rules No. 491.

In accordance with clause 19 of part 1 and part 3 of article 14 and clause 25 of part 1 of article 16 of the Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter referred to as the Law on LSG) to issues of local importance of urban, rural settlements, urban districts organization of improvement of the territory of an urban, rural settlement, urban district(in particular, street lighting).

In accordance with Part 2 of Article 18 of the Law on LSG, financial obligations arising in connection with the resolution of issues of local importance, executed at the expense of local budgets(with the exception of subventions provided to local budgets from federal budget and budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation).

In accordance with clause 4, part 2, art. 45.1 of the Law on Local Self-Government, issues of organizing lighting of the territory of the municipality, including architectural lighting of buildings, structures, structures may be regulated by the Rules for the improvement of the territory of the municipality.

Ministry of Construction of Russia in Letter dated September 18, 2017 No. 33418-ACh/04“On organizing the repair of street (yard) lighting” notes that in accordance with clause 19, part 1 and part 3 of Art. 14 and paragraph 25, part 1, art. 16 of the Law on Local Self-Government, issues of local importance of an urban, rural settlement, urban district include the organization of improvement of the territory of an urban, rural settlement, urban district (in particular, street lighting). In this regard, the organization and repair of street (yard) lighting falls within the competence of local governments.

Only possible case the imposition of such responsibilities and expenses for street lighting will be cases when all the following conditions coincide in the aggregate:

land plot the adjacent territory has been formed and is owned by the owners of the apartment building premises;

street lighting included project documentation and utility networks were built at the expense of participants in the shared construction of this apartment building and transferred to the owners as part of the general property of the apartment building;

the specified street lighting performs the functions of illuminating the local area of only one apartment building.

Thus, based on the literal interpretation of the law, if the elements of street lighting are not part of the common property of the apartment building, that is, in the absence of the above conditions, assigning the costs of street lighting to the apartment building to the owners, read the management organization, is contrary to the law. Although there is also reverse law enforcement practice of the courts, which does not guarantee a decision in favor of the MA in a particular case.

Judicial practice on disputes regarding the assignment of responsibilities for street lighting in apartment buildings is as follows.

Decision of the Orenburg Regional Court (upheld by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated October 3, 2018 No. 47-APG18-4): “From the systematic interpretation of the stated norms, it follows that the land plot on which the apartment building is located and the boundaries of which are determined on the basis of state cadastral registration data, with elements of landscaping and landscaping, facades, entrances, buildings and address tables (index of street name, number houses, apartment entrances) on houses in the evening must be illuminated and compliance with the established requirements must be borne by the property owners.

Letter No. 33418-ACh/04 of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2017 cannot become the basis for satisfying the demands of the administrative plaintiff, since from the meaning of this letter it follows that local governments are entrusted with the responsibility for organizing street lighting, then There is lighting for places that are not in the shared ownership of the owners of the premises of an apartment building.

At the same time, clause 5.5.8 of the contested Landscaping Rules provides for the obligation of the owners and managers of the company to provide external lighting for “yard areas”.

Clause 2.23 of the Rules defines “designated territory” as a part of the city territory provided in accordance with the established procedure to legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and citizens on the right of ownership, lease, or other right of use

Clause 2.32 of the Rules contains a definition of the concept of “domestic territory” - the territory allocated in accordance with the established procedure for a residential building (building, structure), including those included in technical passport residential building (buildings, structures), and associated economic and technical structures, and including: the territory under residential building(building, structure); driveways and sidewalks; green areas; playgrounds for children; recreation areas; sports grounds; areas for temporary parking of vehicles; sites for economic purposes; sites equipped for the collection of solid municipal waste; other territories related to the maintenance and operation of a residential building (building, structure) (clause 2.31).

Clause 2.32 defines what refers to the “adjacent territory” - the territory directly adjacent to the boundaries of a land plot, building, structure, residential building, fence, construction site, retail facilities (stationary, non-stationary), public catering facilities, engineering networks and other objects owned, possessed, used by legal or individuals, individual entrepreneurs, with lawns, small architectural forms, other landscaping and landscaping facilities (clause 2.32).

The Housing Code of the Russian Federation in paragraph 4 of part 1 of Article 36 classifies as the common property of the owners of an apartment building the land plot on which the house is located, with elements of landscaping and landscaping, other objects intended for the maintenance, operation and improvement of this house and located on the specified land plot . The boundaries and size of the land plot on which the apartment building is located are determined in accordance with the requirements of land legislation and legislation on urban planning.

Thus, neither the Land Code of the Russian Federation, nor the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, nor the Housing Code of the Russian Federation contains the concept of “yard territory”, nor is this concept given a definition in the Landscaping Rules approved by the appealed decision.

The lack of a clear definition of which land plot belongs to the “yard territory” does not meet the criterion of formal certainty legal norm, allows for ambiguous interpretation of legal concepts, and therefore allows for a free (broad) interpretation of this term, and, as a result, imposing on the owners the obligation to organize lighting of the territory that does not belong to them.”

The impression from the above court decision is twofold. It seems that the norms of the municipal regulatory act did not comply with the higher law and contained ambiguities in the interpretation. However, the court did not dare to say that these responsibilities should be assigned to local self-government bodies by force of law, but preferred to floridly justify that this was not the reason for the decision on the illegality of legal acts. And the Letter from the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, precisely based on the norms of housing legislation, was dismissed out of hand in the decision. That is, both ours - it seems, and yours... Okay, at least the illegal norms of the Landscaping Rules were abolished - and thank you for that.

Appeal ruling of the RF Supreme Court in the case: “Guided by the position set forth in the Resolutions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 1995 No. 3-P, dated July 15, 1999 No. 11-P, dated November 11, 2003 No. 16-P and dated January 21, 2010 No. 1-P , the explanations contained in paragraph 25 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated November 29, 2007 No. 48 “On the practice of courts considering cases challenging normative legal acts in whole or in part,” the court of first instance came to the reasonable conclusion that in the absence Without a clear definition of which particular plot of land belongs to the courtyard area, it is impossible to draw an unambiguous conclusion that the external lighting networks of the courtyard area are part of the common property of an apartment building, therefore, the burden of organizing the lighting of the courtyard area and maintaining the property necessary for this will be placed on persons to whom this territory and property do not belong.”

Appeal ruling of the Sverdlovsk Regional Court dated October 26, 2017 in case No. 33-18622/2017: “At the same time, having established that the Zonalnoye HOA has the main type of activity indicated in the extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, “management of the operation of the housing stock for a fee or on a contractual basis,” the court of first instance came to the incorrect conclusion that the HOA’s responsibilities include carrying out work on the organization of lighting of the intra-block territory. At the same time, the court did not take into account the provisions of subsection. “b” and “h” clause 11 of the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 No. 491, by which the maintenance of common property includes ensuring the readiness of in-house engineering power supply systems and electrical equipment included in common property to be provided public services electricity supply; as well as their current and major repairs.

The erroneousness of the court’s conclusions is directly indicated by subparagraph “e” of paragraph 2 of the said Resolution, according to which the land plot on which the apartment building is located is included in the common property, and the boundaries of which are determined on the basis of state cadastral registration data, with elements of landscaping and landscaping.”

By the specified case a new decision was made, which satisfied the claims prosecutor of the Dzerzhinsky district of the city of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk region, in the interests of an indefinite number of persons, to the Administration of the city of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk region, to assign responsibility for organizing street lighting near the apartment building.

However, judicial acts on claims of RSO against local self-government bodies for the recovery of expenses for street lighting in municipalities are mainly negative for RSO. In principle, this is not a problem for management organizations; after all, bumps must sometimes fall on RSO, but they still cannot collect the cream without any losses. After all, our laws (adopted not without increased influence from nearby RSO forces) allow them to do just that...

As I said famous actor Bruce Willis: “When things get tough, you have two options: submit or walk through the fire.” If we apply this expression to relations in housing and communal services, then management organizations, when trying to pin these costs (and not only) on them, have two options: submit or sue all the ideas of local self-government bodies and others like them that do not comply with the law, up to Supreme Court RF.

The company "Burmistr.ru" has launched the "Tests" service, with which you can test your knowledge in the field of housing and communal services. The website provides more than just a qualifying test. On this resource you can test your knowledge on more than 35 topics, and topics are constantly being added. You can take the tests.

Sincerely, Ilmira Nosik.

You can discuss the article and ask questions on or use the form below.

In the infrastructure of any city, street lighting plays an important role not only of roads and parks, but also of the local area. It is this illumination that plays an important role in the life of the city to create safe conditions movement.

Lighting of the local area

At the same time, it is local residents who often have questions regarding how correctly their yard lighting was organized and who should monitor it. This and other issues will be discussed in this article.

Why is house lighting necessary?

Creating high-quality lighting in the local area is an important part of the infrastructure of every district of the city. Illumination near the house performs the following tasks, which become necessary with the arrival of evening and night:

creates sufficient illumination of the roadway, which is located in the courtyard of the house. Thanks to it, all irregularities and features of the road surface, as well as the surrounding area, are clearly visible even at night;
ensuring good visibility both for vehicles entering parking spaces and for pedestrians who are walking around the yard at this time;
allows people and vehicles to navigate well in space, which minimizes the risk of injury or accident;
increases safety in yards, since, according to statistics, robbers do not attack their victims in well-lit areas.

Pay attention! High-quality lighting of the house and the surrounding area can improve the crime situation in the area.

Night yard lighting

But in order for the night lighting of an apartment building and courtyard to perform its assigned functions, it must be organized in a certain way, necessarily based on established standards.

Courtyard lighting - how to properly illuminate

Any actions that relate to the organization of lighting in a house, on the street or in any public or industrial structure must be based on specific norms, rules and requirements. Many today think that the requirement is relevant only for premises where people do their work or relax. But this is a misconception, since improperly organized street lighting can cause no less harm to people’s lives and health than indoor lighting.
All standards that relate to what kind of lighting should be provided for an apartment building and the surrounding area are specified in the regulatory documentation - SNIP. At the same time, a big role here is given to the level of illumination, which must be organized in each specific situation. Below is a table that shows the illumination standards for certain moments of external lighting in the local area.

Standards for illumination of the local area

It is these lighting standards that should be relied upon by organizations involved in creating street lighting for houses and the surrounding area.

Pay attention! The illumination standards given in SNIP are advisory in nature and may be slightly modified (but not lower than the established values) when certain parameters change. At the same time, we must strive to ensure that these standards are met as accurately as possible. Indeed, if there is a significant deviation from them, the quality of street lighting will decrease.

At the same time, cities and villages have their own lighting standards, dictated by various parameters and features. settlement.
For example, to influence the calculation that will be carried out to calculate the illumination standard for a particular case, it should be based not only on the instructions of SNIP, but also on:

the area of the house, as well as the territory adjacent to it;
the number of lighting fixtures that will be included in the outdoor lighting system, as well as their type;

Pay attention! House lighting can be implemented various types lighting devices: lanterns, spotlights, wall lamps, etc. Moreover, each type of illumination will be characterized by its own technical parameters work.

House lighting fixtures

type of light source screwed into street-type lamps. Today, incandescent lamps, on the basis of which illumination standards were calculated for various rooms and areas of the street, are becoming a thing of the past. Instead, LED, halogen and fluorescent light sources are increasingly being used. Each type of light bulb has its own operating parameters (power, etc.), which must be taken into account when making the necessary calculations.

All these manipulations and calculations, which are necessary for high-quality lighting of the house and the surrounding area, must be carried out by qualified specialists and regulated by government agencies responsible for street lighting.

Responsible for light

If the relevant documentation is responsible for the norms and rules for organizing street lighting, then people who work in government agencies are fully responsible for their implementation.
In addition to SNIP, documents of federal, regional or local significance may contain standards for illumination levels and various additional recommendations. For example, in the Russian Federation it is accepted Federal Law No. 131-ФЗ dated October 6, 2003 (as amended on July 21, 2007), which assigns the responsibility of the authorities for the creation of street lighting on the territory of the municipality. According to this law, as well as a number of other legislative documents, local authorities must monitor not only proper organization street lighting, but also maintaining the system in working order.

Home lighting

In fact, the external lighting of the house must be monitored civil service Housing and communal services (its individual divisions), as well as divisions of energy companies for the implementation of technical aspects of street lighting. The territorial administration must pay for their work. Other organizations with which an appropriate agreement has been concluded, or companies whose balance sheets include engineering system specific locality.
It is these organizations that determine the following parameters for street lighting in the local area:

duration of operation of lighting devices at night;
the number of lights that will be installed near the house and the surrounding area;
What time will the lights turn on?

Therefore, if for some reason there is no lighting on the street, you need to contact the above-mentioned organizations and companies, which will differ for each individual area of the settlement. Of course, the question “where to go or complain if there is no light in the yard of the house” can be answered in different ways. After all, each division will be responsible only for a certain area of the organization of the street lighting system. For example, the city district administration is responsible for the lighting schedule in the evening and night hours, according to Article 16. But the responsibility for maintaining the lighting system usually rests with the owners of buildings.

Who receives complaints

If a malfunction of the lighting system of the house and the surrounding area has been noticed (for example, there is no light at night and in the evening, one lamp is faulty, etc.), you must contact the appropriate institution with a complaint or statement.

Proper yard lighting

But, since it is not always clear where to go, you need to contact your housing and communal services department in order to find out more detailed information about those responsible.

Pay attention! Every resident of any locality has the right to know how the budget is spent, what funds are allocated to support street lighting of houses and surrounding areas, and other issues related to such lighting.

To change the situation when there is no light in the yard, you need to do the following manipulations:

write a written application;
contact your local executive authority.

After these steps, the organization that accepted the application must take a number of appropriate actions depending on the reason for the submission of the document by a resident of the area:

send a repair team to find out the cause of a particular situation (no light, various system breakdowns);
within the time frame specified by the local executive authority, repair work must be carried out to eliminate the identified violations.

If this organization does not carry out the above-described manipulations, then it must answer the following questions:

who manages lighting maintenance in the specified territory;
who acts as the customer under the concluded contract for maintenance of the lighting system;
Which organization is assigned to maintain lighting in a specific location?

This information will allow you to competently and correctly draw up a complaint and submit it to the right organization. If there is no response to the submitted complaint, then it is necessary to submit it to a higher executive authority.

Options for organizing courtyard lighting

Today, lighting of the local area can be done in several ways.
The first option for organizing yard lighting involves placing wall lamp above the entrance canopy.

Entrance lighting

Any type of lamp, as well as light source (LED, fluorescent, etc.) can be used here. Recently, economical light sources have begun to be used for these purposes, which allow saving energy, which is very important for this type of lighting.
This lighting option allows you to illuminate only the area in front of the entrance. Therefore it is rarely used. Usually it comes in combination with other lighting options.
The second option for lighting the yard involves placing a wall-mounted street lamp above the canopy at approximately a height of 8.5 meters from ground level.

Second lighting option

In this case, the lamps should be located at an angle of 25 degrees to the horizon. This lighting option provides a much larger area of illumination for the yard, which will cover not only the area in front of the entrance, but part of the roadway.
The third option for courtyard lighting. It involves the use of both types of lighting devices described in the previous versions.

Third option for courtyard lighting

In addition, floor lamps are used to illuminate the local area. The distance between them is also regulated regulatory documents, as well as lighting standards. With the help of such lighting devices placed along the road, it is possible to provide high-quality illumination of the roadway, as well as playgrounds and parking lots located in the courtyard of an apartment building.

Yard lighting with lanterns

The most in an efficient way illumination of the local area is the use of both lanterns and lamps placed above front door to the entrance.

The installation of street lighting in a summer cottage or in the courtyard of a private house is very important task, which requires a comprehensive solution. Unlike the apartment in multi-storey building, the situation outside of which is not entirely of interest to the owner, owners of their own houses need to control the area around it. Yes and much more better in the evening take a walk around fresh air along the illuminated paths of your yard.

At first glance, installing a street lighting system for the courtyard of a house seems simple. However, for the entire complex of equipment to operate normally, it must be correctly selected and installed. How to make lighting on personal plot- further.

Types of courtyard lighting in a private house

Lighting in a summer cottage or garden plot performs three functions:

Technical. It consists of illuminating the area to ensure safety of movement around the area in the dark. For this purpose, buy regular halogen or LED lights. They are placed along the paths.
Decorative. Such lighting is part of the landscape design and serves to highlight with the help of light all the beauty of the flora of the garden plot. Especially often, many owners highlight alpine coaster, mini-pools, flower beds. To provide decorative lighting, colored lanterns of a wide palette are used. To make the picture pleasing to the eye, some decorative lighting systems are controlled by special computers that create real color shows. However, it is worth noting that they are quite expensive and should only be installed by specialists.
Security feature. An illuminated garden plot does not attract petty thieves who are constantly trying to steal from the yard everything that is “badly lying”. Even if the owners are not at home, the illuminated area will make thieves wonder whether it’s worth going there. Sometimes lighting with motion sensors works better than a security alarm.

Planning lighting for a private yard

No installation of a lighting system is possible without detailed planning. Ideally, a plan should be drawn up for the placement of light sources, indicating their type, connection features, types and sizes of wires, placement of poles, etc. Thanks to this planning, installing lighting on a personal plot will be much easier.

The main place where mandatory installation of lighting fixtures is necessary is the porch of the house and its gate (wicket). At night, the owner of the estate must control everything that happens at his gate. As a rule, lamps that illuminate the area in front of the gate are equipped with motion sensors. In this case, the light will turn on when a person approaches the gate. This is very convenient and also allows you to significantly save energy. Typically, LED spotlights are used as a lighting device for such cases, which have excellent light output with low power consumption. Another undeniable advantage of LED lights is their long term service in comparison with other types of lighting devices.

If there are recreational areas on the site (barbecue area, children's playground, bathhouse with adjacent territory), both it and the paths that lead to it are highlighted. For ease of parking at night, the parking area should be illuminated.

When planning the entire lighting system, it is necessary to clearly understand how they will be connected electric cable. The cable can be routed along overhead line between lighting poles or through an underground tunnel. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Installing an overhead line is much simpler and cheaper. However, for this operation it is necessary to buy a special cable that will not be subject to stretching under the influence of wind. Also, to hang it, you need to use a special wire that will hold it in the canopy. In addition, when strong hurricanes there is a high probability of the cable breaking due to strong winds.

When the cable is located underground, it can last for several decades, because external forces do not act on it. True, the cable laid in the trench must be hidden in a metal sleeve, which adds costs to the overall estimate.

Installing lighting poles in a private yard

If there are natural supports for installing lighting fixtures, the task of installing the entire system is greatly simplified. The wall of any building or its roof, etc. can serve as a natural support. For objective reasons, it is undesirable to use tree trunks.

If there are no supports, you must build them yourself. Lighting poles are made from hollow steel pipes and installed on concrete foundation. To equip it, holes are dug 0.4x0.4 m in size and 0.5 m deep. A layer of sand or crushed stone is laid on its bottom, and formwork is installed. A hole is made in the formwork through which the corrugation is inserted. It is taken upstairs to lay the flashlight connection cable along it. Next, several pieces of reinforcement or thick wire are installed inside the formwork as a reinforcing belt. Then the formwork is installed inside anchor bolts, to which the pole will be screwed. After this, the formwork is filled with concrete. Concrete is prepared on the basis cement-sand mixture in a ratio of 1 part cement to 3 parts sand. When the places for installing the pillars are ready, the pillars are installed in a vertical position with mandatory leveling. The adjustment is made using metal spacers.

The wires are laid in a trench at least 0.7 m deep. Distance from power cable the distance to the nearest building must be at least 0.5 m. The bottom of the trench is filled with sand or screenings. The cable is placed in a protective metal sleeve. After the cable is laid, the entire system is connected. The lantern wiring is connected to the main cable using special terminals. Twisting of wires in this case is unacceptable.

When installing a courtyard lighting system, special attention must be paid to the choice of power cable. It must have a safety margin of at least 25% of the current consumed by all lighting fixtures. For example, if all the lamps in the system operate at a current of 10A, that is, they consume approximately 2 kW, then the wiring should be designed for a current of 13-14A. If you plan to install additional light sources on the site, then it is better to lay the route with a reserve. It is better to choose a cable that is double insulated, so it will be better protected. An aluminum cable is quite suitable for such work; it costs much less than its copper counterparts.

The entire lighting system is assembled on one panel, on which automatic switches are installed to turn off each branch. It is better to make lighting from several branches, as this will make it possible to turn off only one of them for repairs.

Choosing yard lighting fixtures

Currently, the choice of outdoor lighting devices is very large, which makes it possible to assemble a system to suit your requirements. All lamps are divided into several groups. Basically, the division occurs depending on the lamp that is used in it.

Halogen lamps. The glow of halogen lamps occurs due to transmission electric current through a flask with vapors of substances - halogens, such as iodine, bromine, fluorine, etc. Such lamps are not too sensitive to voltage fluctuations and harsh operating conditions. Therefore, their service life is much longer compared to incandescent lamps. They are also much more efficient than “Ilyich bulbs”, since with the same light output they consume much less electricity. Such lamps are not too expensive.
Sodium. The principle of operation of such lamps is almost identical to halogen lamps. Sodium vapor glows in the bulb of such a lamp. Their glow has a warm, gentle tint, which allows them to be used to create various lighting effects. Another positive aspect in the operation of sodium lamps is their service life, which reaches 30 thousand hours.
LED lamps. Most modern views lighting fixtures. Characterized by low energy consumption, for a long time service, low sensitivity to voltage changes. LED luminaires can be built on the basis of one extremely bright LED or large quantity parts of lower power. Since the LED lamp is a high-tech product that has a special voltage controller, the prices for these products are still quite high. However, it is worth noting that they are decreasing every year.

Autonomous lamps for lighting the courtyard of a private house

Many owners of areas where frequent outages occur prefer to assemble a system external lighting based on autonomous lamps. The principle of their operation is to be powered by a rechargeable battery installed inside. The latter is charged during daylight hours from a solar cell.

Advantages of autonomous lamps:

Mobility. Since there is no need for wiring when installing stand-alone luminaires, they can be installed and dismantled in a short time. This allows you to remove the system from your summer cottage to winter period, if the dacha is not used.
Low costs for installation work. Some lamps just need to be stuck into the ground, and they will work in no time. right time. There is no need for electrical installation or excavation work.
Low power consumption. Basically, autonomous lamps are built on the basis of LED lamps, which allows reducing energy consumption several times.