Do-it-yourself vacuum pump for pumping liquid. Vacuum pump for pumping air - do it yourself. Refrigeration pump

Vacuum pumps are designed to remove air and gases from large volumes and have found application in everyday life relatively recently. With their help, you can organize the storage of products and things in vacuum packages, marinate meat products, pump out gas and steam, as well as liquid. Such an interesting mechanism can be bought, although it is quite expensive, but you can do it yourself. Consider the second option - how to make a vacuum pump with your own hands.

Such devices in everyday life are used to create a vacuum in plastic packaging for storing food and things. When air is sucked out, the volume of the container decreases, the shell tightly fits the product. With such storage, food does not spoil for a long time, and can be stored for some time without freezing.

When storing things or other soft textiles (blankets, pillows, blankets), a noticeable compaction occurs, things become compact, occupy less space. With this method of storage, things become inaccessible to moths or mold.

With the help of a vacuum pump, it is possible to laminate parts made of wood, plywood and other building materials with a laminating film.

Vacuum pump used for domestic removal of gases, steam and liquids, to restore tightness household appliances. And also in the split-systems of air conditioners and during the operation of brake systems in vehicles.

Cuff pump conversion

Any cuff pump is useful for alteration, you can even take a bicycle one. However, it is still preferable to have an automobile one, since there will be less hassle with its transformation.

The sequence of actions for upgrading with your own hands looks like this:

The car pump spins up.
The cuff is removed and turned vice versa.
Next, the device is assembled, the only difference is that the cuff is turned in the opposite direction.
At the inlet to the pump, where the hose through which the air will be pumped out is screwed, a check valve is screwed. The valve must operate, passing air from the container to the device, but not back. It can be bought or removed from an aquarium compressor. Blow into it before installation. The side that does not allow air to pass through is screwed to the pump, the other to the tube.

The power of such a mechanism is not enough to obtain deep vacuum conditions, however, it will be quite enough for domestic needs.

Compressor conversion

A larger vacuum pump is obtained from the compressors of household appliances, such as a refrigerator or air conditioner. For correct assembly Do-it-yourself device requires the following steps:

The compressor is freed from the condenser and evaporator. To do this, you need to have a bite to eat copper tubes that connect the devices.
Provide compressor correct connection to the network.
A fine air filter is attached to the compressor inlet, it can be purchased at a car dealership.
We attach a flexible hose of the appropriate diameter to the inlet of the device.
The compressor is connected to the network and begins to function as a sufficiently powerful vacuum pump.

It is impossible to pump out air with a high content of water vapor with such a pump, this is fraught with damage to the compressor. For such purposes, the apparatus is additionally equipped with a receiver and a sump, which together will serve as a drying device.

In the same way, with your own hands, you can convert a simple aquarium mechanism - a compressor, by disassembling it and dismantling the check valves, which have already been mentioned in connection with the conversion of a car pump. Swap the valves, then instead of forcing air, the compressor will pump it out.

medical syringe conversion

There are also reasons for such an invention - curious children or small volumes of liquid and gas that need to be pumped out. To make a device with your own hands, you will need the following set of parts:

Plastic tee.
A flexible plastic tube that matches the syringe inlet and tee holes in diameter.
Two aquarium check valves.
Medical syringe, the larger its volume, the more powerful the pump will be.

We cut the plastic tube into segments, 10 centimeters in size and attach to the tee. The tubing must fit snugly and tightly around the nose of the tee so as not to come off when working under pressure. Leave two opposite tubes alone. To the third, which is located at a right angle, we attach the nozzle of the syringe. Thus, the design is a tee with two sections of hoses assigned to different sides and a syringe located at right angles to the retracted ends.

The next step is the installation of check valves. Usually they have markings and an index arrow. We insert one of the valves so that the arrow points from the tee, the second so. So that the arrow points to the tee. In general, the system will resemble an entry-exit pointer.

The hand pump is ready. They can divert water from one vessel to another by immersing one valve in water and the other in a container where it is supposed to pump the liquid. In this case, the index arrows are guides. A valve with a pointer to the tee is immersed in the liquid. With the movements of the plunger of the syringe, we can make the system work.

Low vacuum pump

This pump works on the centrifugal principle. It is difficult to make it yourself, however, if you have a familiar welder and turner, it is quite possible. To create it, you need to have a cylindrical body into which a shaft with a paddle wheel is inserted. When the liquid is supplied, the rotation of the impeller begins and, under the influence of centrifugal force, a vacuum is inevitably created in the center of the device.

The mechanism is driven by an electric motor. The vane wheel is set off-center to allow gas to be pumped and pushed through the system. The disadvantage of the system is that the liquid with which the process is carried out (more often it is water) is constantly heated and has to be changed.

Such a pump is equipped with inlets through which water enters and outlets through which gas is discharged.

Mechanisms that function in this way are used in large enterprises, as well as in agriculture, to remove gases with a large amount of suspension in the form of dust and sand. For continuous operation, gas removal, a constant supply of water and a motor cooling system are provided.

The simplest vacuum pump

Since the simplest vacuum pump may be needed at any time, you can make it in the most elementary way from plastic bottles of different diameters. It will be a primitive vacuum pump, a homemade manual mechanism.

For manufacturing you will need:

Two bottles that fit easily into each other. One of them will be a piston, so you need to choose bottles that are not too different in diameter, otherwise you will have to make a serious layer of sealant on the inside.
Hose from a bicycle pump.

By the bottle larger diameter cut off the top. We make holes in the bottom of a bottle of smaller diameter. We insert the bottles into each other, on the inner bottle we make a seal from adhesive tape, if necessary. We screw the bicycle pump hose into a large bottle, in the opposite direction. So he will pump out air when the piston moves from a small bottle.

Main types of vacuum pumps:

Water ring devices- work is provided by immersion in the liquid of the mechanism, which, rotating, creates a vacuum in the center of the chamber of the vane mechanism.
Lamellar-rotary vacuum devices are usually two-chamber, and work on the principle of forcing gases from one chamber to another, which is ensured by the operation of the rotary mechanism.
Membrane-piston vacuum devices - vacuum is supplied by the operation of the piston system, when compressed, the gas is discharged outside the chamber through the valve, which ensures a decrease in pressure in the chamber and the flow of a new portion. Such piston pumps are among the most silent and versatile.

Vacuum pump at home

Vacuum pumps are designed to create a rarefied space in individual volumes. It can be either plastic bags in which you are going to store food or warm clothes, or Split-system air conditioners. The vacuum boost braking system in transport significantly increases the service life.

At first glance, it seems that there is no urgent need for vacuum systems in everyday life. And indeed it is. However, try to assemble the simplest vacuum pump with your own hands and you will be surprised how many ways it can be used.

Anyone knows what a pump is and has used it at least once. But the vacuum design is a completely different matter. Many people believe that such a device is used exclusively for production purposes, and it is not suitable for personal use. But they are wrong. The device is great for home use, but its price is high. Therefore, many are thinking about how to make a vacuum pump with their own hands.

What is a vacuum pump used for?

Before starting work on creating a vacuum cleaner, it is necessary to think and understand for what purposes such a unit will be used, since a lot of effort, energy, money and time will be spent in the process. Also, some people are interested in how the vacuum cleaner works.

As a rule, everyone knows what a vacuum chamber is. She looks like plastic bag with valve. Food is well stored in this container, they do not dry out and bacteria do not multiply inside. Vacuuming is proper storage food. The simplest vacuum packaging can be made by squeezing air out of it.

But more professional method is the use of a pump for such purposes. The device will allow you to pump out air from any bag, but it is necessary to ensure tightness. In this way, clothes can be stored. In a vacuum, it becomes much smaller, and this is especially important if necessary to accommodate a large number of things in a suitcase.

It's no secret that wood craftsmen, in order to make products more beautiful, process them with oil. To enhance this process, it is necessary to put the oil in a vacuum package. Thus, the wood will squeeze air out of itself, and the oil will draw in.

Varieties of homemade designs

There are many types of pumps. It depends on their intended purpose. The simplest vacuum sealer can rightfully be considered a medical syringe. But its disadvantage is that a vacuum can be created in small volumes. And even if there is no medical syringe at home, you can easily buy it at a pharmacy, you just need to pay attention to the size.

But in order to be able to pack large volumes, a car pump is well suited. It just needs to be reworked to the required parameters. Moreover, it will not be difficult to make a vacuum pump from a car compressor with your own hands.

You can also construct a vacuum pump from a compressor from a refrigerator, or remake fixtures from an aquarium.

Using a car pump

A homemade vacuum pump can be made from different starting materials. The most popular options are car and bicycle hand pumps.

And you can make it with the following steps:

Thus, it is possible to assemble an apparatus that creates a slight vacuum in containers with a small volume. But in addition to the vacuum pump, you also need to mount a valve.

Vacuum valve installation

In order to make a vacuum cleaner with your own hands, in any case, you will need a check valve. It can be easily found in a store that sells animals. Such a part is installed in the compressor from the aquarium. Alternatively, you can ask friends who have fish, perhaps they have such broken compressors. Therefore, the check valve will not be a pity, since it is already broken. It is ideal as a spare part for a vacuum cleaner.

Such a valve must be fixed in place of the opening of the future apparatus. A tube is attached to the valve, which will enter the container. It must also be placed on the correct side so that it draws air in towards you, and not lets it out. In order to check in which direction the valve works, it must be blown into it before installation. If the air does not pass, then this part must be attached to the base of the structure. In the event that the valve is of high quality and reliably sealed, then such an apparatus can create a pressure of 190 Mbar.

Compressor manufacturing

A small pump cannot perform all the functions that a modern housewife needs. For a more powerful device, you need to use additional devices. An electric motor is ideal for this. You can use an ordinary compressor or pump. Moreover, such work is absolutely not laborious.

You just need to mount the tube into the motor hole, but before that, remove the filter. After connecting the tube, the device is ready for use.

Sometimes foods that need to be vacuumed contain a lot of moisture. In order to avoid damage, you need to install an additional dryer, which consists of a receiver and a sump.

Vacuum pump from refrigerator motor

A household compressor can not always be found on the farm, so you should look for alternatives. Refrigerators, especially low-quality ones, can sometimes break down. Here you can make a vacuum cleaner from a motor from an old refrigerator. You can also use air conditioners.

Such a design is created according to the following algorithm:

First you need to cut off the refrigerator tubes connecting the compressor, evaporator and condenser. At this stage, you need to pay attention to how the compressor is connected to the network and the relay, since incorrect alteration and installation will not only lead to incorrect operation, but the design may also fail.
After that, it remains only to connect the hose and you can use it.

Although such a device will not have the power of factory analogues, it can perform all the basic functions that are needed in the kitchen very well.

Nevertheless, for all options for a home-made vacuum design, the following breakdowns can occur:

Breakdown of the electric motor or its unqualified connection to the network.
Inconsistency between the drive and the refrigerator motor shaft.
Jamming of the working element.
A scum is created.
Overheating of the vacuum cleaner and its parts.

With such a device, you can easily pump out air from a jar or bottle.

Repair at home

All people who were interested in how to create a vacuum at home, and those who have already made their first device, also need to know how to fix it, since it can often break down. In principle, any mechanism or motor can break down or start to work poorly:

Incorrect connection of the motor or its breakdown. Mostly this happens when the connection is wrong. desired scheme motor. First, the integrity of the wiring is checked, whether it is well insulated. A test indicator will help with this. If it lights up when connected, then the wiring is intact, and this is not the reason. Otherwise, the motor is broken and must be returned for repair.
Drive and shaft mismatch. Such difficulties in work, as a rule, are solved by installing a gasket under the engine or discharge element. When this does not give the desired result, you need to look for a problem in the clutch. She could move. If the situation is confirmed, the part must be replaced.
Motor jamming. As a rule, this problem is very common. It happens because of pumping dirty water. In this case, the motor must be disassembled and cleaned.
Bearing failure. The motor starts to hum and vibrate strongly. The reason for this is a broken bearing that needs to be replaced.
Scale in the motor. The problem often arises on liquid ring pumps, since they operate in a water environment. Repair is accompanied by cleaning with special solutions.
Overheating of the structure, as well as wear of certain parts. Devices break due to lack of lubrication. Even materials such as Teflon cannot compensate for the necessary lubrication. To avoid such breakdowns, you must follow the correct temperature regime. And when the motor overheats, the burnt parts will have to be replaced.
Leakage of the working environment. If the design has reduced performance, the pressure of the service fluid is checked. The reason for this could be its leakage. In this case, it is necessary to replace the seal in the hole.

If, after checking the seal, it turned out that it is in a satisfactory condition, the matter may be flange connections: gaskets need to be replaced.

Fluid may leak due to severe wear of parts. This usually happens with older pumps. It is necessary to check whether all the parts are outdated, since in certain cases the motor can no longer be repaired.

The device may fail due to high pressure or overheating. If it is set up correctly, then with the right temperature conditions, the structure will work for a long time.

User manual

For example, you can take the use of a pump for pumping water from an aquarium. But basically the operating procedure will be the same.

To get started, prepare:

pump core;
nozzle;
union;
tee.

First, the nozzle must be inserted into the hole of the tee. It can be made from suitable pipes. After that, the fitting is inserted onto the tap, which is equipped with a thread, and then you need to pull the hose onto it. Its length should not exceed more than 10 centimeters - to create good pressure.

Then the hose is connected to the outlet of the tee, and an aquarium siphon is connected at the end of the hose. It is not difficult to make such a design yourself. The main thing is to monitor its condition and the progress of work, and if necessary, repair it in time, replacing worn-out parts.

What is a pump and what it serves, many people know from personal experience, but for a vacuum device the situation is somewhat different. This specific equipment is manufactured industrially and a simple layman is not at all interested in where it is used. Nevertheless, he is able to serve well for personal purposes, but since high price such equipment would be inappropriate for use at home, then we will consider how to make a vacuum pump on our own, and for what purposes a home craftsman may need it.

Agree that the experiment just for the sake of the experiment is not too good activity. Therefore, when designing such a device, you need to know for what purposes you personally need it. So, why do you need to spend time, effort and money on creating this unit:

Many people are familiar with what vacuum packaging is. This resealable plastic pouch helps keep food fresh while protecting against drying out and bacteria. The most primitive package provides that the air will be squeezed out of it, while more complex ones come with a pump. Having made homemade unit, you can pump air out of any bag, you just need to manually ensure the tightness of the package.

It is good to store clothes in vacuum packaging, as they shrink in volume. This method is especially good when you need to pack a lot of things into a suitcase.

Those who work with wood products impregnate it with oil to give it an attractive look, but this process can be accelerated and made more efficient by keeping a container of oil in a vacuum chamber. In this case, the internal pressure of the wood will squeeze the air out of itself, absorbing the oil.
It is possible to pump out liquid, but not directly through the pump, but using a receiver and a liquid container for this.

What are homemade pumps

Depending on the purpose, they can be very different:

The simplest pump, designed to create a vacuum in small volumes, is very affordable, as it is an ordinary medical syringe. If it is not available, then you can buy a syringe at any pharmacy, choosing the required size.

You can remake an ordinary car pump.
A sufficiently large vacuum can be obtained using a compressor from a refrigerator.

There are times when more power is needed, so let's see how to do it. vacuum equipment with their own hands from improvised materials.

Making a vacuum pump

There are no problems with how to pump out air with a syringe, so let's move on to converting an ordinary pump into a vacuum one.

The method is simple, and irreversible actions do not need to be done. Having unscrewed the cylinder cover, remove the rod from it, unscrew the cuff, turn it 180 degrees and fix it in this position. Thus, instead of inflating, it will draw in air. However, one more detail is needed - a valve. In automobile and bicycle chambers, a spool serves as a valve to prevent air from escaping from it, and in a vacuum pump device, a valve is needed that will prevent air from returning to the evacuated reservoir.

This part must be purchased, and after cutting the hose, insert it and fix it well so that there is no air leakage.

The valve is single-acting and if it is installed incorrectly, it will not work to create a vacuum.

In order to understand how to put it, blow into it. The side from which the air passes is inserted into the second part of the hose going to where you want to create a vacuum.

If there is no desire to pump the pump, or if you need to do this for a long time, then you can use a compressor from an old refrigerator. To remove such a compressor the right way, carefully cut the copper tubes coming from it with a hacksaw.

Pay attention to how it is connected to the mains - there should be a relay on the compressor itself, or not far from it. When disconnecting it, remember how the wires are connected.

If you are not friends with electricity, then take a picture, because if the connection is wrong, the compressor will not work! Having done all these operations, turn it on to the network. A durite hose can be pulled onto the outlet of the suction tube and used.

If you need to achieve a higher rarefaction coefficient, then you can slightly alter a household compressor that is capable of pumping air under great pressure. To do this, you need to connect a hose instead of a filter. By running the compressor, you will get a fairly powerful suction.

Such a strong vacuum is necessary in order for liquids to boil at a lower temperature, however, one must take into account the fact that in this case steam will pass through the pump, and this is very undesirable. Therefore, you need to install a receiver and a sump - this will help dry the air.

Everything! The vacuum pump is ready!

Video

We invite you to watch the video, which is also devoted to the conversion of the compressor into a vacuum cleaner.

Vacuum has been used not only in industry, but also in domestic conditions. Almost everyone uses a conventional pump to inflate the wheels of a car or other vehicle, but a vacuum pump is not so often used yet, many consider it special and applicable only in industrial scale. Since the device is expensive for domestic use, many people want to make a homemade vacuum pump.

Before you make a device, you need to understand its operation. Almost all consumers deal with vacuum packaging on a daily basis and know what it is. They are presented in the form of a cellophane product, in which products are perfectly preserved without drying out. In the simplest packages, air is squeezed out manually, while more complex ones involve the use of a working mechanism. Thanks to homemade device you can create a vacuum in any package, although the package will need to be sealed.

Vacuum packaging is also used to store clothes, since the volume is reduced, and all things can be placed in a bag or suitcase. Especially common the use of the apparatus in industry for the following purposes:

Use for the production of bags and on packing tapes;
Chemical distillation, drying chemical drug and compression of a gaseous substance;
Fish or vegetable cleaning, food processing;
Printing uses compressors in printing and converting machinery;
Use in cleaning devices to clean up the environment:
In medical breathing apparatus and dental equipment.

The use of vacuum for wood processing and giving it aesthetics is common. For this wooden product impregnated with oil, and to speed up the process and greater efficiency, a wooden object is placed in the chamber, and air is pumped out. At the same time, the internal pressure of the wood pushes the air out and sucks in the oily substance.

Air extraction process

At detailed analysis process, it can be understood that the difference in the technology of injection and pumping out is insignificant, since it is worth deploying the air flow, and the injection pump will immediately become vacuum. The peculiarity lies in the more thorough sealing of the device when pumping air or liquid. An inlet valve filter may also be required to prevent debris from entering.

The overall operation of the mechanism can be described by two process cycles:

When air is sucked in, a vacuum is created in the chamber, while the intake valve opens and the exhaust valve is sealed. The sampling chamber achieves maximum air volume and low pressure.
During the return action of the mechanism, low pressure is maintained at the inlet stroke, the inlet valve closes, after which the exhaust valve opens and air is expelled. The pressure in the selection chamber is normalized.

This type of process applies only to reciprocating and membrane devices, and in rotary systems, air moves with the help of blades into the selection chamber, while the inlet and outlet valves open in stages.

Types and homemade analogues

There are many varieties of vacuum pumps and their analogues, but all pumps are divided according to the type of working part:

Lamellar-rotary (oil and dry).
Vortex.
Piston.
Membrane.

The most common are piston and membrane, as well as membrane-piston, which can be special efforts do at home.

For manufacturing from scratch, you will have to face many difficulties, however, you can simplify the task. For example, a vacuum pump from a car compressor is easy to do with your own hands. And there are other units suitable for rework. For this it can be used:

Refrigeration compressor;
Aquarium Air Compressor;
Manual bicycle pump.

It is necessary to choose and improve the design of the future device depending on the nature of the application.

Vacuum pump manufacturing

For quick production, you can use a medical syringe. Such a device is considered the simplest and budget option. The syringe is the most accessible item.

Creating a syringe

To create a device you will need:

Elastic band from a dropper - creating a compartment with a valve.
Syringe 50 cc - for use at home it will be more than enough.
A steel ball from a small bearing acts as a valve. The ball should fit freely inside the outlet constriction of the syringe, which is usually worn with a needle.
PVC tube - you need to choose a rigid, pressure-resistant one. The drip tube will not work.
Steel sewing needle.

To begin with, the plastic inserts are removed from the gum, and the gum itself is cut in half. Further, half the length is cut off from the narrow part of the gum. Now a piece of a narrow rubber product must be inserted into the nozzle of the syringe, and pushed with a long object until it is completely sealed. A ball is installed as an inlet valve and supported by a second piece of rubber with a narrow end so that the ball remains free to move.

Opposite the ball valve, a hole is burned with a heated needle, which will act as an exhaust valve. To complete the assembly, the remaining rubber ring is put on the spout so that it covers the outlet. It is better to fix the ring using superglue for this.

The do-it-yourself vacuum pump for pumping air is ready, and you can check it by putting one end of the tube on the nozzle of the syringe, and fixing the other in the lid plastic bottle using the plastic insert removed earlier.

Auto compressor tool

For the manufacture of the pump, the compressor can be redone, by doing the following:

Remove the sleeve cover and remove the stem on which the cuff is fixed;
Unscrewing the fixing screw, disconnect the cuffs;
Fasten the cuff, while turning it upside down;
Pre-prepared reverse plastic valve connect to the injection tube, which will now be used as a retractor;

When working, it is important to install the valve correctly so that it passes air. Further, a rigid tube is attached to the free part of the valve, which will withstand the influence low pressure. The device can be used for wrapping clothes or deflating food containers.

Refrigeration pump

The refrigerator compressor is great for a homemade vacuum cleaner, but to convert it into a full-fledged working device, it takes a little effort:

Cut off the upper part of the compressor cover with a hacksaw;
Inside is a motor connected to the housing by springs, which must be removed. Connect the inlet and outlet copper outlets with an oil-resistant tube.
Manufacture of a cover for the case. The new cover must be made of brass material. The diameter should be smaller than the diameter of the compressor housing, and it is also recommended to provide the cover with a piece of linoleum as soundproofing material. If the connection of the cover and the body is quite tight, then the pressure inside will be equal to atmospheric, but if desired, a breather can be installed.
The future vacuum pump from the compressor from the refrigerator will be like an oil pump, and the oil level will constantly decrease, as it will be sprayed and exit the discharge channel. Therefore, it is recommended to control the oil level, and therefore it is necessary to install a level gauge. As such a device, you can use the transparent shell of a ballpoint pen, which is connected to the compressor through a piece of oil-resistant tube. It is not necessary to completely screw the housing cap: air must pass through.
This type oil device should not be exposed to moisture from the inside, so you need to build a filter in front of the inlet. For this you can apply air filter car, but if the air humidity is very high, then it is necessary to install a receiver and a sump.
A filter is connected to the discharge channel - an oil catcher, in which there is a drain plug.

At the end of the work, a pressure relief valve is installed in front of the oil catcher. As such, an electro-pneumatic valve connected together with a motor can act.

Alteration of the aquarium compressor

An aquarium fixture is quite practical to make an air evacuator. The device for supplying air to the aquarium does not require major changes, but only a change in the valve system. For this you need:

Disassemble fasteners;
Dismantle check valves;
After dismantling, change the valves in places;
Fold the structure and fastening system.

To prevent moisture from entering the device, it is necessary to create a small hole in the case or install a dry filter.

Device water ring mechanism

This option is an inefficient type of equipment. It is based on a body and plates fixed in the rotor. Immersed in liquid, the plates displace it, and at the same time air is pumped out with an efficiency of up to 95%. When replacing a liquid with a higher density and providing cooling, the indicator increases.

One of the advantages of such a unit is a long service life, but there are some disadvantages:

It is necessary to dispose of or recycle the working fluid;
Constant consumption of working fluid and the need to replenish it;
The working fluid is heated, thereby increasing the vapor pressure. Therefore, the liquid must be cooled.

Assembly of the water ring apparatus can be done in several steps:

Preparation of a cylindrical billet for the body;
Install in the case Working wheel on the shaft. The wheel is equipped with blades, slightly smaller in diameter than the inner diameter of the body.
It is necessary to ensure the supply of water to the housing. Under the influence of water, a wheel with blades should rotate, as a result of which centrifugal force is formed and a vacuum is created in the device.

Such an installation can be used in agriculture, for a private home or in industry.

Changing the operation of a bicycle pump

From a simple cuff pump, you can quickly and easily make required device for air extraction. Such a device is widespread, as cyclists, car owners and motorcyclists use the pump. The peculiarity of use and the process of alteration remains practically unchanged, in comparison with cuff devices.

Step-by-step creation of a vacuum cleaner:

Unscrew the main nut and disassemble the pump;
Unscrew the fastening screw and turn the cuff in the opposite position;
Assemble the unit in reverse order;
Install valve between pump and hose.

After making such changes, you can pump out the air from the can or other container, and the valve of the aquarium compressor can be used as a valve.

During operation, malfunctions and various breakdowns may occur in the compressor, but when studying the design, you can independently carry out repairs without the involvement of specialists. When creating a degasser, it is necessary to have the source material, and the complexity of the work and the scope of the apparatus will depend on the type of material. Using complex structures vacuum pump, it is better to use sedimentation tanks and receivers to extend the life of the unit.

Our article is devoted to vacuum pumps, their types, as well as areas of application. This information will be useful for anyone who is thinking about whether it is possible to make such a device on their own.

Introduction

Everyone knows, and practically everyone has used it for personal purposes. But here the situation is a little different. Many consider it a specific device manufactured and used in industry. Therefore, for a simple layman, this information does not seem interesting. Despite this, a vacuum pump for pumping air serves very well for personal purposes, but such equipment costs a lot. For home use, such prices are inappropriate, so the question arises more and more often: how to make a vacuum pump for pumping air with your own hands?

What is a vacuum pump for?

Having taken up the manufacture of a vacuum pump, it is important to clearly understand why it is needed, because the manufacture of such a unit will take a lot of time, effort and money.

Many people know what vacuum packaging is. It looks like a plastic bag with a valve. With the help of it, food is well stored, the freshness of food is preserved, and the food does not dry out and bacteria do not multiply on them. From the most primitive vacuum packaging, air is simply squeezed out, and for more complex packaging, a vacuum pump is included in the kit. Thus, the manufacture homemade device will allow you to pump air out of any packages, but you will have to ensure the tightness of such packaging.

Vacuum packaging is also great for storing clothes, as it significantly reduces its volume. This is especially pleasing when you need to fit things in a suitcase or bag.

Those who make wood products know that to give it an attractive look, you need to impregnate it with oil. To speed up this process, as well as for its greater efficiency, you just need to place the oil in a vacuum chamber. Thus, the wood with its internal pressure will squeeze out the air and absorb the oil.

Also, the manual vacuum pump for air extraction can pump out the liquid, but not directly, but with additional use receiver and special container.

Types of homemade pumps

Pumps can be different, it all depends on their purpose.

The simplest pump is considered to be a medical syringe. True, it can be used to create a vacuum in very small volumes. But it is the most affordable, and if it is not at home, then you can buy it at any pharmacy without any problems, the main thing is to pay attention to the size.

Also, a household vacuum pump for pumping air can be made from a conventional automobile pump.

For greater vacuum, you can make a device from a refrigeration compressor. And for these purposes, a converted aquarium compressor is suitable.

Car pump conversion

A homemade vacuum pump for everyday use is easiest to make from car or bicycle pumps, which are probably available on farms.

These steps are extremely simple:

first you need to disassemble the pump, unscrew the threaded cover, which is at the top of the sleeve;
remove the piston and remove the sealing ring from the rod (to do this, unscrew the screw located in the middle);
turning the sealing ring over, screw it back to the stem;
assemble the pump.

With the help of such simple actions it turns out a device that creates a weak vacuum in containers with a small volume. But for the vacuum pump, you also need a check valve.

Valve installation

Check valves for homemade vacuum pumps can be purchased at a store that sells aquarium equipment. It's inexpensive plastic part installed in an aquarium compressor. Perhaps friends or acquaintances have such a non-working compressor. FROM check valve in this case, nothing happens (because there is nothing to break). Thus, it can be taken out and put in our homemade vacuum pump for pumping air.

The valve is fixed in a special hole in the device, and a tube is attached to it, which leads into the container. Of course, this element must be installed correctly - it is necessary for air to pass from the tank to the pump. To check the direction of operation of the valve, before installing it, you need to blow into it, while air should not pass, this will mean that this end of the valve is connected to the pump. If the part is of good quality and all manual connections are carefully sealed, a residual vacuum pressure of up to 200 Mbar can be achieved with a manual vacuum pump.

Making a vacuum pump with a compressor

A small vacuum pump for evacuating air is not able to solve all problems. In order to create a higher vacuum or pump out large volumes of air, the use of an electrically driven pump is suitable. To make it you need any household compressor.

At the same time, there is little work: the tube, with which air is sucked out, is attached to the inlet of the device (before that, you need to remove the filter). After the tube is connected, you can turn on the compressor.

When filling a container with liquid or products with a high moisture content, the air that is pumped out will contain water vapor in large quantities. Under such conditions, the compressor will not be able to work for a long time. In order to prevent a compressor breakdown, the system must have an additional drying package, which contains a receiver and a sump.

Vacuum pump for evacuating air, made from a refrigerator

A household compressor is not always at hand, so you can use a supercharger from broken refrigeration units or air conditioners.

Such a vacuum pump is made in the following way:

with a hacksaw, you need to cut the copper tubes with which the compressor is connected to the condenser and evaporator;
here you need to pay attention to how the compressor is connected correctly to the mains and relay, if the wires are connected incorrectly, then the compressor will not only not work, but may break;
after that, you need to put on a durite hose on the copper scrap and attach it to the container being evacuated;
Now you can connect the compressor to the network.

Of course, homemade from household compressor it will turn out not very powerful, but as a vacuum pump for pumping air out of bags it will fit perfectly, and it will perform the main household tasks.

How to remake an aquarium compressor

A vacuum pump for pumping air out of cans can be made from an aquarium compressor, which has already been mentioned above. This is enough practical option. This design does not need serious improvement, you just need to slightly change its appearance:

carefully inspect the compressor and take care of the fasteners;
having removed them, start dismantling the check valves;
after removing the valves, they need to be swapped;
assemble the product, attach the tube to the vacuum container and start working.

To prevent moisture from entering the compressor, condensate can be removed through small openings in the housing.

Possible breakdowns of the vacuum pump

Motor failure or wrong connection.

Violation of the consistency of the drive and the shaft of the injection mechanism.

Jamming of the working element in the discharge.

Breakage of bearings in support units.

The appearance of scale on the working elements.

Overheating of the pump and subsequent wear of parts.

Excessive or leaking media.

Troubleshooting

A vacuum pump for pumping air, like any other mechanism, can break or fail. We have listed the most common breakdowns above, and now we need to figure out how to fix them:

Motor failure or incorrect connection. The most common mistake is a broken wiring diagram. Initially, you need to check the power, that is, the integrity of the network wire. To do this, you need a probe indicator. If the probe lights up, and after power is applied, the motor rotates, then this is not the cause of the breakdown. If not, then this means a malfunction of the engine, it will have to be sent in for repair.
Violation of the consistency of the drive and the shaft of the injection mechanism. This problem is most often solved by installing a gasket under the engine or under the injection mechanism. If after that the operation of the pump has not resumed, then the coupling must be inspected for displacement or deformation. In this case, the part is installed in place or changed.
Jamming of the working element in the discharge mechanism. Usually this problem appears due to contamination of the pumped medium. To fix the problem, you need to disassemble the product and clean it.
Breakage of bearings in support units. This problem is accompanied by loud noise and strong vibration. This means that the bearing has failed and needs to be replaced.
The appearance of scale on the working elements. This problem usually appears on liquid ring pumps, in which the working medium is water. To resuscitate the unit, you need to get rid of salt deposits using a special composition.
Overheating of the pump and subsequent wear of parts. This problem is especially relevant for oil-free rotary vane units. Even the most modern materials, such as Teflon, are unable to fully compensate for the missing lubrication. Therefore, it is so important to observe the temperature regime. If, nevertheless, overheating occurs, then the damaged parts will have to be replaced.
Excessive or leaking media. If you have reduced your performance, you need to check the pressure of the service fluid. It could have fallen due to its leakage. The solution to the problem is in the hole.

If the seal is in a satisfactory condition, then the matter is in the flange connections - the gaskets must be replaced there.

Also, the intensity of fluid flow may be due to severe wear of parts. This usually happens when the pump has already served its purpose, and it needs to be replaced or the unit checked, perhaps it is still maintainable, and only the most worn parts are subject to replacement.

At high pressure service environment, due to its excess or overheating, the device may also break down. If set optimal values, the pump will work fine again. If the temperature regime is observed, then you need to reduce the water supply or close the valve on the pressure pipe.