What is cement waterproofing, main types: coating, polymer, methods of application. Waterproofing and diffusion polymer membranes: correct selection and installation. Polymer waterproofing Advantages of polymer waterproofing

Polymer waterproofing is represented by compositions based on polymers (primarily polyurethanes), which are ideal for carrying out work to protect objects for various purposes from the destructive effects of moisture. Waterproofing polymer materials differs in ease of application both on horizontal and on vertical surfaces. It effectively fills seams and joints and provides them reliable protection from moisture penetration.

Polymer waterproofing of a foundation or other building elements involves polymerization of the applied composition upon contact with air. As a result, a plastic and very durable membrane is formed that can become a barrier to moisture.

Application

Polymer waterproofing materials are rightfully considered universal. They can be used for waterproofing:

• residential and industrial premises;
• structures made of concrete and reinforced concrete;
• interfloor floor slabs;
• rooms with high levels of humidity (toilets, showers, bathrooms, saunas, swimming pools).

Polymer waterproofing of floors and other objects is allowed on bases made of the following materials:

• concrete;
• brick;
• plaster;
• glass;
• tree;
• drywall;
• zinc coated steel;
• Styrofoam;
• tiles.

Advantages

Polymer waterproofing for roofing and other building elements has good adhesion to plaster compounds and various adhesives for tiling. It can also be used before laying linoleum and laminate. Of course, these are not all the advantages of polymer waterproofing. The rest are as follows:

• excellent adhesion to different types of bases;
• high plasticity, allowing to withstand deformations and distortions of building elements;
• immunity to ultraviolet rays and temperature changes;
• long service life, which ranges from 25 to 50 years;
• ease of application, possibility of application both manually and with special equipment.

Cement waterproofing provides protection various designs from exposure to moisture. Materials of this group are often used due to many advantages. Proper mixing of components ensures high reliability and increases the service life of the coating. There are different types of cement-based mixtures. When choosing, their composition and properties are taken into account.

Peculiarities

Waterproofing mixtures are used to protect various surfaces from water: floors, walls and ceilings, seams, etc. Cement-based materials have become widespread. This is due to its reasonable price and relatively simple use.

Although cement absorbs some moisture, mixtures containing this component provide high protection against water. At the same time, there are no contradictions in properties, since in the manufacture of cement-based waterproofing, special additives are used that repeatedly improve the characteristics of the material.

For waterproofing surfaces, compositions containing prestressing cement are used. It is distinguished by increased strength and resistance to cracking. Compared to other brands, this cement absorbs moisture minimally. The use of hydrophobic additives and plasticizers helps to increase resistance to water and enhance reliability by increasing the plasticity of the mixture.

Waterproofing is applied in a layer of significant thickness, due to which the structure being treated is better protected. The principle of application is similar to the method of use plaster mixtures. Thanks to the waterproofing layer, condensation does not form, which gradually destroys the structure and cladding. As a result, the fenced surfaces retain their attractiveness longer and also last a long time.

Advantages and disadvantages

Positive traits:

• wide range of applications: protection of foundations, fencing of single-story and multi-story buildings, waterproofing of swimming pools and tanks in contact with water, preparation for cladding of bathrooms, balconies, application to structures that are exposed to a significant load of water under pressure, when premises are flooded;
• high degree of protection from moisture, cement-based waterproofing can be used in any conditions, even the most difficult;
• simple principle of application;
• the possibility of application to a moistened surface, which is due to the presence of cement in the composition, the adhesion of which only increases if the humidity of the enclosed surface is first increased;
• providing protection against corrosion;
• absence chemical reaction in contact with aggressive environments;
• resistance to impact low temperatures;
• vapor permeability;
• absence of harmful components.

Such mixtures have few disadvantages. They note the possibility of application only to structures that have already gained strength. In addition, cement-based waterproofing materials provide a high degree of protection, provided that several layers of material are applied to the enclosed structure.

Varieties by composition

When choosing, take into account the type of components and the structure of the mixture. The material is selected taking into account the intended purpose of the enclosed structure and operating conditions. Waterproofing must comply temperature conditions, at which it will be applied and serve in the future. Violation of this condition will lead to the gradual destruction of the protective layer.

Cement-sand waterproofing

The composition is produced in the form of a dry mixture. This is the simplest type of waterproofing in terms of properties, which is due to the use of cement as the main component. The mixture is quite hard during the drying process protective covering should be moisturized frequently - up to 3 times a day for 2 weeks.

For application, it is recommended to use the method of spraying the composition using special equipment. Main purpose cement-sand mixture— protection of the monolithic foundation of objects. If you plan to apply waterproofing yourself, you need to add special additives to increase the density of the composition. Without them, the service life of the waterproofing will be shortened, and the coating will not perform its functions.

The mixture is applied sequentially several times. When the work is completed, it is recommended to protect the enclosed structure from possible damage while it dries.

However, the surface of the waterproofing layer can still be deformed. In this case, moisture evaporates unevenly, which leads to a change in volume with different intensities.

With added latex

This composition ensures the plasticity of the material. Latex increases the resistance of waterproofing to cracking. The material withstands the effects of temperature changes and low values ​​of this parameter much better. As a result, the cement mixture resembles liquid rubber By appearance and properties. After applying the material, an impermeable coating is obtained that reliably protects the enclosed structure from moisture.

You can add latex to the cement mixture yourself, observing the proportions. However, it is much easier to use a ready-made mixture.

• using the shotcrete or spraying method on a surface that has previously been carefully prepared;
• the mixture should be hot.

The result is a seamless coating that does not allow moisture to pass through, does not crack, is resistant to mechanical stress and lasts a long time, and also withstands high temperatures.

With liquid glass

This component is added to the cement mixture, which improves the properties of hard concrete. cement-sand mortar. Most often the material is used to protect the foundation, ground floors, for the formation of fire-resistant coatings.

• protection from high temperatures;
• high adhesion;
• manifestation of antiseptic properties;
• absence of toxic components in the composition.

• liquid glass applied to seams, joints, cracks, this option is used as an auxiliary measure; after applying waterproofing of this type, roll material is also used;
• liquid glass is used as the main component cement mixture, intended for pouring the foundation.

Cement-polymer

The composition includes Portland cement, sand, plasticizers. Cement-polymer waterproofing has improved properties. The main advantage of this material is considered to be high resistance to tensile and tearing loads. This is due to the formation of molecular bonds when combining polymer components and cement. As a result, the enclosed structure tolerates dynamic loads well and is resistant to cracking.

There are different types of polymer cement mixtures:

• waterproofing glue;
• waterproofing.

There are one- and two-component formulations. Moreover, the second option is more common. It consists of acrylic emulsion and microfiber. This material is used when it is noted high risk exposure to deformation loads (cracks of more than 1 mm are formed). In other cases, dry one-component mixtures can be used.

Types of compositions by method of application

The materials differ in structure and method of application. The choice is made taking into account the condition of the enclosed structure. Penetrating compounds are preferable for use on surfaces that are porous. Coating-type cement waterproofing, plaster and elastic coating mixture are applied to the surface. Selected species materials are intended only for repair of objects.

Coating

This is the most common mixture; it is used to protect various surfaces during construction and at the renovation stage: floors, walls, ceilings, balconies, bathrooms, foundations, water tanks. Coating waterproofing allows you to create an impermeable layer on the enclosed surface that thoroughly protects from water.

Used for a long period, fills the smallest cracks. This composition can be applied to surfaces made of different materials: drywall, metal, brick, wood, concrete, etc.

Elastic coating

This group includes materials containing plasticizers. These are auxiliary components that are used to increase the elasticity of the cement composition. This type of mixture is recommended to be used to protect surfaces of complex configurations that are prone to the formation of small spider-like cracks up to 0.5 mm wide.

The advantages of elastic waterproofing include increased strength. It is permissible to apply it on the surfaces of: swimming pool, terrace, balcony, water tank. It differs from classic coating-type waterproofing in its high price.

Plastering

This version of the material is susceptible to cracking, so it is not recommended to use it under increased dynamic loads. The surface of the enclosed structure should not be deformed, then a significant duration of waterproofing service is ensured. To improve the properties, it is allowed to add auxiliary components, for example, liquid glass. This type of material has the advantage of being able to level curved surfaces and at the same time provide protection from moisture.

Penetrating

Waterproofing of this type can only be used to protect structures made of concrete and reinforced concrete. This is due to the fact that the composition provides effectiveness provided that the enclosed surface is porous. Waterproofing penetrates into the structure of concrete, upon contact with moisture contained in such material, it crystallizes, clogging the pores.

This prevents the risk of moisture penetration. This composition is used when it is not possible to protect the outer surfaces of the structure using external waterproofing.

Repair compounds

They have a high drying speed. This type of material is recommended for filling seams and cracks. It can be used on different surfaces, including when restoring the foundation. The advantages of this mixture include the absence of shrinkage upon drying.

Water plug

The material is used when it is necessary to quickly restore the integrity of concrete pressure structures. Used for repairing objects made of stone, concrete, reinforced concrete. Available in dry form. Upon contact with water, when a deformed area in the thickness of a concrete or stone structure is blocked by the mixture, the cement composition instantly hardens, forming an impenetrable barrier to water. The advantage of the water plug is its high adhesion to the enclosed surface. It is used even if there is a leak.

Application technology

Instructions:

1. If the base is old, it is repaired: the top layer is removed, cleaned, and leveled using special mixtures.
2. Before use cement compositions the surface is moistened.
3. When the excess moisture has evaporated and the enclosed structure is slightly moistened, waterproofing is applied.
4. The work uses a spatula or special equipment to spray the mixture.
5. The material is applied several times. After the first layer is formed, you need to wait 2-3 days, during this period the surface is moistened.
6. For 3 days, until the first layer has dried, apply the next one, and then another. Cement based waterproofing should not be allowed to cover a dry surface.

Manufacturers

To purchase high-quality certified material, consider products from common brands. It should be taken into account that prices vary in Moscow and the regions.

Ceresit CR 65

This is a cement-based rigid waterproofing material. Application area:

• internal and external surfaces;
• structures buried in the soil;
• bath pool and other reservoirs;
• protection of walls, floors and ceilings in rooms with high humidity;
• waterproofing of hydraulic engineering and wastewater treatment facilities;
• protection of various objects from destruction and exposure to low temperatures.

On deformable objects, an elasticizer is added before using the mixture.

Bergauf Hydrostop

Waterproofing belongs to the group of coating-type materials. This is a one-component mixture, applied with a thickness of 1-5 mm. It gains strength after 28 days and is resistant to bending and compression loads. The composition can be used in conditions of high and low temperatures: -50…+70°C.

Cement NC

Tensile cement belongs to a separate group of materials, because it has a high linear expansion rate, does not shrink, and does not deform. This is the most durable substance, and also outperforms Portland cement in terms of moisture resistance. The material contains almost no pores, so it protects well from moisture.

The greatest danger to many building materials is water and its evaporation, which accelerates their aging and destruction. To avoid this and extend the life of building materials and buildings made from them, waterproofing is widely used.

There is a wide variety of modern waterproofing materials, each of which has its own characteristics. One of them, widely known in Lately, is a polymer waterproofing. In most cases, it is based on polyurethane, to which furan, phenol-formaldehyde, urea and other resins are added.

Features of polymer waterproofing:

The scope of application of such waterproofing is very wide. It is used to protect above-ground and underground buildings and structures, hydraulic installations, roofing and floor coverings, walls, foundations, etc.

Moreover, all polymer waterproofing is divided into several categories:

Consistency

It can be liquid or semi-liquid, and according to its component composition – cement-polymer or bitumen-polymer.

Purpose

• Directions for use

The first contains Portland cement and synthetic resins, additives and fillers. The finished composition is a fairly plastic mass, similar to plasticine. One of the conditions for the durability of a waterproofing coating made of this material is the absence of particles of dust and debris (this must be carefully monitored during work).

The second is produced on the basis of oxidized bitumen with an organic solvent. In addition, the mixture is added various substances, increasing waterproofing characteristics. It is produced in the form of mastic, which is associated with some of the features of this waterproofing material. So, when drying, it forms an uneven surface, which must be covered on top with a screed (if the floor is insulated) or sheathed finishing material(on the walls).

Application of polymer waterproofing:

Most often, polymer waterproofing materials are used to treat dry surfaces, but there are also those that can be safely applied to wet ones.

However, most formulations are sold in dry form and must be prepared immediately before application. The main condition for this is compliance correct proportions and quick application of the compositions, since the “lifetime” of many of them is only a few hours (and sometimes minutes).

In addition, polymer waterproofing is, as a rule, very toxic and fire hazardous. Therefore, when working with them, it is important to strictly follow safety rules. True, at present, manufacturers are already producing practically harmless compounds that can be worked with in enclosed spaces.

Advantages of polymer waterproofing:

The indisputable advantages of this waterproofing material include the fact that it forms a continuous, seamless fabric with high water-repellent properties.

It is durable (warranty is 25 years, but in practice this period is much longer). At the same time, the waterproofing layer does not thin out over time, and remains as smooth and durable as just after application. By the way, the service life of a cement-polymer coating is much longer than a bitumen-polymer coating.

Another advantage is that it is equally suitable for any structure - it can be easily applied even to complex and small, convex and concave elements. The type of surface on which the waterproofing is applied does not matter. It will go well with concrete, block, metal, wood and other types of coating.

Polymer waterproofing is not afraid of ultraviolet radiation, temperature changes, chemical effects of substances and mechanical damage (impacts, scratches, etc.).

It is also important that applying this material is quite simple. This does not require special qualifications or extensive experience. There is also a wide palette of colors.

The only drawback is most often the price of this type of waterproofing. However, as you know, the stingy has to pay more.

Rules for applying polymer waterproofing:

In order for waterproofing to fully demonstrate its advantages, it is necessary to first follow all the rules for its application.

Before starting waterproofing work, it is necessary to prepare the surface by removing all contaminants from it and eliminating unevenness. Some solutions and mastics also require preliminary wetting of the surface with water (these requirements, along with mixing proportions, should be indicated on the packaging). Only after everything preparatory work completed, you can start mixing the ingredients.

It is necessary to coat the surface evenly, paying Special attention“wet” places (where the greatest exposure to steam or water is expected). After applying the first layer, you need to let the insulation dry and then repeat the procedure.

Polymer waterproofing video:

Moisture is the main threat to building structures from any material. It is for protection against moisture that modern waterproofing materials are used. We will consider everything existing species waterproofing and will help you choose the best option.

Read in the article

Why is waterproofing needed and the basic requirements for it?

Water has the ability to penetrate almost everything Construction Materials and destroy them. The components of the solutions lose their bonds, the wood swells and rots. Freeze and thaw cycles also play a role. The strongest ice breaks. That is why it is so important to protect structures from atmospheric and ground moisture. Waterproofing materials are fabrics and compounds to prevent the penetration of moisture.

Waterproofing materials must meet several basic requirements:

• do not let or absorb water;
• do not form condensation;
• have high strength and elasticity;
• be resistant to high and low temperatures;
• don't be afraid of straight lines sun rays and other natural influences.

Almost all modern waterproofing products meet these requirements; all that remains is to choose them correctly in accordance with the specifics of the design.

Types and properties of modern waterproofing materials

Builders classify waterproofing according to several criteria. Depending on the place of application, protection can be external or internal. The external one is placed on and on the outer part of the building, respectively, on internal surfaces walls and partitions.

Another gradation is for a specific purpose. There are anti-pressure insulation and non-pressure insulation. Anti-pressure is used for covering, protecting walls and against groundwater. Gravity, for example, protects buildings from the inside.

Waterproofing can be different in composition: bitumen, polymer, tar, rubber and mineral.

Types of waterproofing materials are distinguished by their installation technology. They are divided into adhesive (and canvas), and coating, injection.

It is difficult to say definitively which type of waterproofing is better than others. let's consider different technologies their application, in most cases this factor is decisive when choosing.

Rolled roofing waterproofing material and the advantages of its use

For the manufacture of roll materials They take a base - fiberglass or non-woven polyester - and apply natural or polymer bitumen to it. The waterproofing fabric is sprinkled with fine sand on top, and the sticky layer is protected with film on the bottom.

This coating can be used under or as a finishing layer.

Advantages and disadvantages of waterproofing in rolls:

Properties of bitumen-polymer waterproofing

Bitumen-polymer waterproofing is almost more popular than roll waterproofing. It is represented by various mastics and sludges, applied in several layers. It is used to protect the building, pouring flat roofs and, as well as sealing cracks in walls.

Coated polymer waterproofing: exceptional tightness

Polymer-based waterproofing materials, in principle, differ from bitumen only in composition. They additionally include latex, polyurethane, acrylic and other polymer components. Unlike the bitumen composition, the polymer composition is characterized by high elasticity and a wide temperature range of operation.

Features of penetrating materials for waterproofing

To isolate cracks and holes in concrete, special silicate sand is used.

Why are liquid waterproofing materials attractive?

Liquid waterproofing is applied by spraying and forms a coating without seams or folds.

Geotextile materials for waterproofing

A bentonite mat is a two-layer mat with a layer of bentonite clay between the layers.

Modern injection-type waterproofing materials

The principle of installation of this type of waterproofing is based on the process of injecting a hydrophobic gel between the soil and the structural parts.

Membrane moisture protection

At the peak of development now new technology- usage membrane materials.

Production of waterproofing materials: who should you trust?

For your own peace of mind and confidence in the quality of the material, use products from well-known brands. The high quality of this is guaranteed many years of experience applications and numerous examinations. The editors of the site have selected for you several manufacturers who deserve highly appreciated from construction professionals:

Not a single construction of a residential building or institution, not a single interior design is complete without the use of waterproofing. A wide range of of the proposed waterproofing compounds will allow you to easily choose what you need. One of the widely used compositions is polymer waterproofing.

Peculiarities

Polymer waterproofing mostly consists of a bitumen emulsion, which includes latex particles. Choosing this waterproofing solution on counters construction stores huge. Composition may vary. The contents of the composition are directly influenced by the manufacturer and purpose of the solution.

Don't forget that certain temperature air can affect insulating compounds. This provokes polymerization. As a result, a strong and viscous membrane is formed. Its characteristics satisfy all requirements in the process construction work.

Advantages and disadvantages

Use as insulation polymer base has many advantages. By correctly selecting the waterproofing composition and the specifics of its application, you will receive a surface with moisture-repellent properties.

In addition, there are a number positive aspects that are worth considering in more detail:

• Today, up to 400% elasticity can be achieved from a polymer base.
• The service life of the resulting waterproofing surface can range from 25 to 50 years.
• Guaranteeing the possible ingress of water eliminates the formation of monolithic coatings in which there are no joints.
• This material makes it possible to use it for any type of structure, including a complex or non-standard configuration, and even in the presence of relief.
• Polymer waterproofing is one of the most durable compounds, which is unshakable to any kind of mechanical, chemical, ultraviolet and temperature (from -60 to +110 degrees) influences.

• High wear resistance of the composition. The polymer base is characterized by the creation of a layer that subsequently does not become thinner, while remaining a reliable and uniform coating regardless of the conditions and period of operation.
• Economical consumption of material is achieved due to the insignificant thickness of the coating polymer composition. This is quite enough to create durable waterproofing.
• Creating adhesion with different materials such as concrete, metal or wood, as well as many different types finishing coating.
• This waterproofing composition is easy to apply. In this case, it is possible to choose necessary technology application depending on the presence or absence of certain skills and knowledge.
• The time required for the waterproofing composition to harden is minimal, which has a beneficial effect on the overall progress of construction work.
• The absence of toxic fumes and toxic substances in the composition guarantees the safety and harmlessness of the polymer base.

• The insulating coating is highly repairable. In other words, if any defect occurs on the surface of the polymer composition, it is quite easy to restore it. To do this, you will need to apply an additional layer to the existing one around the entire perimeter or in the required area.
• The polymer composition has vapor permeability, which is one of the fundamental qualities in order to create a comfortable microclimate and protect certain building materials from the adverse effects of water.
• A huge range of color shades of the polymer composition will allow you to use this composition as a finishing decorative material.

Like any product, a polymer waterproofing composition has disadvantages, of which we can especially highlight it high cost. The composition is much more expensive than its analogues, such as roofing felt and bitumen. But it is worth noting that the quality of the resulting coating fully justifies the high cost.

Recognizing the advantages and benefits of this option will allow reducing financial costs for additional renovation work and replacement of lower quality waterproofing coating.

Types and selection rules

A wide range of waterproofing polymer bases can confuse consumers, and therefore it is recommended to familiarize yourself in advance with the variety of insulating compositions offered by manufacturers.

There are several criteria to help you choose required material, meeting all your requirements and wishes:

• Density. The consistency of waterproofing, which is based on a polymer solution, is usually divided into liquid and semi-liquid composition. It is worth noting that there is an alternative in the roll membrane format, which is not inferior to liquid bases, but it is in little demand among consumers.
• Function. Today the manufacturer is developing a huge the lineup for its signature line. Each product is necessarily produced with recommendations for application and an indication of the specific structural element the structure for which it is intended (roof, floor surface, foundation or metal structures).
• Components included. The elements used and their combination divide the polymer waterproofing composition into several types. The most popular today are cement-polymer and bitumen-polymer compositions.

• Application technology. The application technology is influenced by several aspects, including the availability of experience with waterproofing work, the available time frame for completing the work, as well as the presence or absence of the necessary tools. In this connection, it is customary to divide it into the following types of composition: coating polymer waterproofing, liquid, solution homemade(which is based on epoxy resin). Waterproofing polymer compositions produced for self-preparation require strict adherence to the recipe specified by the manufacturer. Also, do not forget that it is necessary to strictly follow the deadlines for working with the polymer composition, otherwise there is a high probability that the composition will harden while still in the preparation container. Such quick-hardening compositions will cost you less if the work is carried out by a person with special skills and knowledge necessary equipment. For self-execution For construction work, it is recommended to purchase a more expensive and ready-made waterproofing composition.

Waterproofing work using a polymer base is not limited to its intended purpose. For example, it is often used for above-ground and underground structures, hydraulic installations, as well as wet areas. Elastic polymer-cement two-component waterproofing most often performed with mixtures. Sprayed waterproofing also has good reviews.

Specifics of application

As when working with other waterproofing compounds, the process of applying polymers is carried out in several stages:

• decide on the type of polymer composition that meets all your wishes and requirements;
• make sure you have purchased the required amount of the mixture;
• prepare the surface for further finishing work;
• treat all necessary structural elements with a polymer composition, following the manufacturer’s recommendations;
• wait until the surface hardens completely.

Before proceeding with the actual waterproofing procedures, it is recommended to choose for yourself optimal technology application. To do this, it is necessary to assess the availability of experience or knowledge, budget, technical equipment and other factors characteristic of construction work.

So, there are two ways to apply polymer waterproofing:

• coloring– to carry out this procedure, it is recommended to purchase in advance paint brush and roller;
• atomization– this technology will require an airless pumping unit.

The first application option is designed to perform waterproofing works for a spacious room or large structure.

When deciding to carry out the waterproofing process as quickly as possible, spraying technology will suit you. For correct execution process you need to follow a simple algorithm:

1. Prepare the airless pumping unit. Make sure the equipment is complete.
2. Prepare non-concentrated calcium chloride. If you purchased a ready-made solution, fill the container with it.
3. Connect the container to the airless pump unit.
4. Also connect a container with a polymer composition for waterproofing.
5. Next, spray the mixture onto necessary elements structures or surface.
6. Make sure that when spraying, two containers are working simultaneously, since the compositions must be mixed.
7. Ultimately, you should get an even layer, the thickness of which will be from 2 to 4 millimeters (depending on the design configuration), so try to direct the stream in such a way as to achieve this result.

Budget option waterproofing will become coating technology application. Using a similar method, you have the opportunity to perform high-quality waterproofing of a small space or individual elements design, while the consumption of the polymer composition will be minimal.

Let's take a closer look at the stages of waterproofing work:

1. Purchase and prepare the necessary tools. The choice in favor of a fine-pile paint roller or wide brushes will depend on what type of structure you are processing.
2. Dab the lint of the roller or brush into the waterproofing polymer compound.
3. Color everything required areas, trying to cover the surface so that the coating is two to four millimeters thick.
4. Wait until the surface is completely dry.
5. Repeat the procedure by applying another layer.

If it is important for you to obtain uniform and smooth surface, the construction level will help check the quality of the work done. Thanks to it, you will be able to identify all the defects that have arisen.

When using any material and, in particular, waterproofing composition, it is recommended to prepare the base – surface in advance. To do this, you will need to mark areas that are more susceptible to moisture. It is worth noting that waterproofing is applied to the lower area of ​​the wall surface and floor. They should be cleaned in advance of dust, cracked plaster and large irregularities, which are recommended to be smoothed before applying the polymer base.