How to make an electric oven with your own hands. Homemade electric furnace for melting metals. Do-it-yourself electric heater construction and connection
According to the tacit distribution of responsibilities, the cooking process is considered the responsibility of the hostess. And in this regard, a woman cannot be reproached, since every day, in any conditions, she tries to please her household with something special.
In Russian folklore, we see the chanting of bread as a symbol of prosperity, the fertility of the earth, the care of mother nature. Today, bread is obtained in a mechanized, even automated way, so rarely does anyone think about the hard work of a grain grower when buying a loaf or a long loaf in a store. But through genetic memory, we were given a love for the aroma and taste of fresh pastries, so the most favorite way to pamper a family is baking bread, pies, pies.
Bread baking process
Masterpiece abilities must be applied even at the test preparation stage. This is where they come into play old recipes and all sorts of tricks. But the key role is played by a good oven, which ensures uniform baking of products throughout the volume. It should immediately be noted that the gas oven is far from leadership in this regard, since a peculiar action open flame leads to the inevitable burning of products. If not considered industrial production, then an electric oven for the kitchen will be the most suitable device that allows you to cook almost any dish and bake bread
Classification
The classification will help to recreate a picture of the distribution of features and functions among the wide variety of all oven models presented, as well as make a choice when buying for certain purposes. However, there is no single classification, and no one sets the goal of its creation. But according to some specific features, there is an elementary division of models into subspecies. It should be noted in advance that we will be interested in electric ovens for the home, in which you can bake bread.
Depending on the scale of cooking and on the configuration, all kitchen ovens are divided into stationary electric stoves with ovens, ovens and mini ovens. There are also separate hobs, but they are irrelevant in this question.
- The mini oven is universal device, which you can take with you to the country during the season. Among other functions, it has the ability to bake flour products. For these purposes, heating elements are built into the oven. The presence of heating from above and below is just an indicator that pies can be cooked in such an oven. However, their number is limited by the dimensions of the oven.
Small versatile device
- The oven is not intended for transport. It can be made as a single structure with a plate or separately installed as a mortise device. Inside, the heating elements are more powerful than in compact models, since more energy is required to warm up a large space. On a baking sheet oven can accommodate a huge pie, pizza, a dozen pies. We can say that the dimensions are hallmark division of ovens into types.
Classic oven option
How else can you divide electric furnaces into types:
- Classification by volume. Even electric ovens belonging to the same type differ from each other in the volume of the oven. It can range from 9 to 45 liters in compact ovens. This parameter is selected based on the size of the family. Ovens up to 15 liters will meet the needs of two adults. The composition of the family, increased to 3-4 persons, will require the purchase of an electric baking oven with a volume of at least 20 liters. It is not difficult to guess who the larger models are designed for.
- Power classification. You should immediately cut off such false truth, which establishes the proportionality of quality and power. Great importance in some cases, it can play a cruel joke when cooking. For baking bread, a sharp rise in temperature is important, but subsequently it should gradually decrease. An oven that bakes bread warms up quickly, but then difficulties arise at the stage when the product must languish, since it is difficult to adjust the temperature. When choosing a power value for a future furnace, consider its dimensions. For the smallest values, a power consumption of 800 watts is suitable. The stationary electric oven for the kitchen is equipped with heating elements with a total power of 1.5 to 2.5 kW.
- The number of heating elements. The operating mode of the oven depends on the number of included heating elements. They are connected individually or in combination with each other. Any electric oven for baking at home must have at least two heating elements located in the upper and lower parts of the chamber. Only them teamwork lead to quality results. This secret was known even during the use of the Russian stove. Its vault is made in such a way that heat is evenly concentrated in the area where the bread is “planted”.
Mass baking of buns
- Temperature regulation. Most simple models the ovens did not even contain a temperature controller. Theoretically, it was possible to bake pies in such an oven, but how inconvenient it was to put it into practice. I had to change the baking sheets in places, rotate them, turn off the power. Such models did not last long, since the circuit of an elementary regulator is quite simple. You can set the temperature required in the recipe and the thermostat will take care of keeping it constant.
- presence of convection. Electric ovens, inside which forced convection is provided, are more adapted for baking flour products. It is the movement of air that ensures the distribution of heat throughout the volume, and this, in turn, is the main requirement for baking.
- Other functions. The following classification points are not so interesting to us, because they do not affect the baking process itself, but only provide convenient handling of the device. The timer automatically switches off the oven after a certain time. Some recipes are based on strict adherence to the time of the temperature, so this function is relevant when baking biscuits, meringues and other culinary masterpieces. The camera illumination provides visual control over the process. It implies the presence of a glass window or a glass door. Furnaces are also distributed according to the method of control. Instances with mechanical parameter adjustment knobs are considered more reliable. Electronic control complements the device with many small options.
In the previous article, we dealt with a home-made one, now let's talk about a blowing stove that consumes only 500 watts of power from the network, but as promised, we will not use mains energy, but we will power the electric stove from a converter, a detailed description of which we will consider in the next article.
For the electric stove, a spiral with a power of 500 watts was used - from an electric coffee maker. The motor used is a 3 watt motor from a record player made in the Soviet Union.
Microwave fan. The frame is made of plastic and glued with silicone and epoxy resin. In an electric stove, everything is very simple - the engine and the spiral are connected in parallel, the spiral heats up, and the fan blows on the spiral, as a result we get a powerful heat flow.
The spiral is installed or wound on any refractory material, I used clay holders. The stove has legs 5 centimeters long. In general, you can use a more powerful motor with a fan, as well as a powerful coil to obtain a more powerful heat flow. You will learn about the design of the converter and how and with what you can charge powerful batteries that can power an electric oven in our next articles, but for now, see you friends, especially for you - AKA.
Discuss the article HOME-MADE ELECTRIC STOVE
Manufacturing electric oven for a do-it-yourself bath is not such a complicated process. It is assembled simply and without the use of expensive materials, does not require the construction of a chimney and cleaning from combustion products.
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About the future design
The device of a homemade electric sauna stove
The simplest model of an electric furnace consists of a box-shaped body, inside which is placed a tank with a door on the neck for adding water and several heating elements welded together. Stones are laid out above and between them. Heating up the stones give thermal energy in the steam room, raising the temperature in it to the optimum level.
For metal structural elements stainless steel is used, which does not corrode in water, does not burn out under the influence of high temperatures and does not emit harmful substances.
If possible, the device is controlled by an electronic remote control, which should be located outside the steam room. It is connected to the heating unit of the oven with an electric cable.
The heating system is activated by turning on the timer. Maximum allowable level heating heating elements - 650ºС. If the temperature drops to 600ºС, the sensor is triggered and the “Heating” lamp lights up. Warming up of the stones occurs when the timer is in standby mode.
As soon as the top layer of stones heats up to 550ºС, the timer is activated and the light turns on in the “Ready” position.
Stones can also be laid out on top of the body above the heating elements on a metal grate welded from reinforcement and, during bathing procedures, pour them with water or infusion of herbs to generate steam.
materials
To make an electric sauna stove with your own hands, you will need to purchase the following materials:
several electric heating elements (3-4 pieces);
sheets of stainless steel not less than 3 mm thick;
reinforcement with a diameter of 6 - 10 mm;
power cable;
rheostat regulating power;
temperature sensor;
asbestos-cement slab;
a can of heat-resistant paint;
backfill of stone.
Instruments
The set of tools should consist of:
tape measure and square;
grinders;
welding machine with a set of electrodes with a diameter of 3 mm;
cutting wheels for metal;
file;
hammer, pliers.
You need to take care of the funds in advance personal protection during welding work:
protective mask;
overalls made of dense material;
closed shoes;
rubber (dielectric) gloves.
Power calculation
When calculating the power of an electric furnace, the thermal conductivity of the material from which the building was erected and its geometric parameters are taken into account:
- So for log cabins, the total power of heating elements should be in the range of 1.4 - 1.8 kW per 1 m³ of internal space.
- For brick and panel baths the power of the device is calculated based on the ratio of 0.6 - 0.8 kW per 1 m³.
Manufacturing instructions
Production of an electric furnace for a sauna closed type do-it-yourself consists of the following:
Development of a detailed drawing on paper with the determination of the optimal dimensions required for heating the power, the location of the future device. Usually the body of the electric furnace is made small in volume, the main space in their design is occupied by a basket for stone backfill. The shape of the body can be any, but a rectangular oven will be more convenient during operation. It is more stable, able to maintain its shape for a long period of time. Due to the fact that its corner zones almost never become hot, the balance of heat flows and the uniformity of heating of the room are maintained. 
Calculation of the number of heating elements for the furnace, based on the power of one element. 
Markups on steel sheet body parts and cutting off the necessary parts.
Connections of heating elements in one design using metal strips. 
Fixing heating elements on one side. They are mounted to one of the sides of the furnace - side or bottom, using bolts or welding. Distance from heating elements to metal walls the body must be such that a sheet of asbestos can fit into this gap. Its heat transfer coefficient is minimal, therefore, no heating of the body directly by heating elements will occur.
Furnace body assembly. Sheet steel parts are fastened by welding or bolted. 
Welding of legs made of fittings from the bottom of the furnace body for installation on the floor.
Laying stones in dense layers, without gaps and large cracks. Larger stones are placed below, and then smaller fractions. There should be a small gap between the heating elements and the filler for air convection, its last row should completely cover the heating element, but not be higher than 8 cm. When laying stones, the heating elements must be held.
Production of a protective casing of the furnace from sheet steel or fireclay bricks.
Installation of power tools in the furnace. For this furnace, a simple circuit diagram is taken as a basis: the voltage from the network is supplied to the terminals of the controller of the remote control, and the wires coming from the heater are connected to the output terminals.
Installation of the furnace control panel. The steam room is supported high level temperature and humidity, so the remote control must be installed on the wall in another room where the temperature is not higher than 25 - 28 degrees. The wires from the remote control must be connected to a separate circuit breaker in the electrical panel and laid in protective corrugated sleeves. Previously, special strobes are punched under the wiring in the walls, which, after the installation of the wires, are sealed with non-combustible building materials, for example, a cement-sand mixture.
Installation of temperature and humidity control sensors for an electric furnace. For their connection, heat-resistant cables are used, solid in length, without joints. Usually they are mounted on top of the unit, above the shelves or above the front door to the steam room.
Ground loop devices. The electric oven must be connected to its own grounding loop, which is recommended to be laid in the ground at the construction stage of the sauna. It is brought to the furnace using protective cable channels. If at one time they didn’t worry about grounding, then the grounding cable of the furnace must be connected to the zero terminal of the electrical panel.
Installation of a thermostat. It is installed inside the structure and is used to measure and adjust the heating temperature of the stones. 
Refinement of the appearance of the furnace. The body parts are cleaned with sandpaper, degreased with gasoline or acetone, primed and painted with two layers of heat-resistant paint;
Checking the operation of the furnace, the safety of installation and connection.
Installation Requirements
The safest place to place an electric oven is the nearest front door injection. You can also install in the center, but be sure to comply with the following requirements:
the presence of a gap between the hot planes of the furnace and the walls of the steam room;
flammable surfaces are protected with a special screen;
protective fences are installed with a gap between them and the oven measuring 7 cm or more, which will help to avoid severe burns on the skin in case of accidental contact;
there should be an inlet of the ventilation system at the back of the oven. It should be through and located at a height of 7 - 10 cm from the floor level. The size of the hole depends on the power of the furnace, on average its diameter is 15 - 25 cm;
massive support under such heater not needed, however, several layers of fireclay bricks must still be put under the installation of the product. For these purposes, a thick sheet of metal with a substrate of heat-insulating material, such as extruded polystyrene foam boards or fiberglass wool, is also suitable;
for a small electric furnace, it is enough to put an asbestos-cement slab or ceramic products on the floor.
Operating rules
Do-it-yourself electric furnace must be operated in a room with reliable ventilation system. The electrical wiring must be in good condition, its energy capabilities allow it to withstand the load from this electrical appliance, eliminating the risk of a short circuit.
In addition, there are a number of other rules that must be followed:
- Do not connect the appliance to the power supply without sufficient water in the appliance.
- Before the first furnace and periodically during operation, measure the resistance from the network, which should not exceed 3 - 5 ohm.
- To prevent damage to the heating elements due to scale, pour water softened with vinegar or citric acid into the device.
- With a frequency of once every six months, the stones in the electric furnace are moved and cleaned of dust and cracked elements.
- If the bathhouse is not heated regularly in winter, then after each visit to the bathhouse, the water from the stove must be drained, as it can expand when it freezes and break the connecting seams of the body.
Conclusion
Making an electric stove for a bath is not such a difficult process for self assembly. It is assembled simply and without the use of expensive materials, does not require the construction of a chimney and cleaning from combustion products.
←Previous article Next article →Here is such a powerful electric stove, which was used for cooking and not only, most of the population of Soviet people in the twentieth century, you can do it yourself in about one hour.
Although this is already a relic of the old, but who knows, maybe someone else will come in handy. Thanks to open spiral high power and a minimum gap to the heated surface, heating and boiling occurs in sufficient a short time, and this is already a kind of energy savings.
Paragraph 1. Necessary materials and tools.
Materials:
- Two fireclay bricks.
- Profile metal galvanized П — figurative.
- Helix or nichrome wire D = 0.5-1 mm.
- Small grinder, diamond disc and metal disc.
- Homemade small chisel, hammer.
- Drill, drilled with a drill D=3-5 mm., drill for metal D=3.3 mm.
- Riveter with rivets.
- Wire with plug.
- Diode for 20-50A 400v. (optional).
Item 2. Helix.
For the heating element, we need a ready-made nichrome wire filament spiral, you can buy it on the market, hardware stores, 1000 little things, or make it yourself if you have nichrome wire (-). The finished spiral should be 1.5-2.5 kW.
Point 3 . Labyrinth drawing.
The incandescent spiral must be evenly placed on a platform of two bricks, for this we first draw a drawing of the labyrinth on paper and paint over the part where the spiral itself will lie.
Then two fireclay bricks are taken, if they are not new and dirty, they must be cleaned, washed with a brush.
We place two bricks on flat surface, put a paper sample of the tracks on top, press it with your hand and bend the edges of the sheet one by one, mark all the corners of the labyrinth on the bricks.
We remove the paper and with a pencil we completely draw the labyrinth as on paper.
In order not to get confused while working with a grinder and not to cut through the wrong cut, we additionally paint over the labyrinth with chalk, now it is visible very well.
Item 4. Brick processing.
We put on goggles or a mask, take a grinder with diamond disc and we make cuts along the lines, 1 cm deep, we try not to go beyond the intersection of the corner lines.
After a complete passage of the contour of the labyrinth tracks, we begin sampling the core of the tracks, moving the disk from cut to cut, gradually deepening and expanding the grooves to the bottom of 1 cm.
In 15-20 minutes the whole labyrinth will be ready, we will chamfer the edge of the bricks with the sidewall of the disk. Now we need to remove the core corner plots, where the grinder did not get it. To do this, you need a thin home-made chisel, made for example from a fragment of a drill D = 10 mm.
Not with strong hammer blows on the chisel, with small chips, we gradually crumble the brick, the main thing is not to overdo it and not split the brick.
All this is not difficult, the material is quite easy to process and the time will take no more than 10-15 minutes.
Now you can try on the spiral in place, if necessary, modify the tracks.
To output the ends of the spiral, drill two holes. Pobeditovoy drill at low speeds (without vibration), with abundant watering water and very frequent removal of the drill to wet the entire channel with water, we drill through holes.
After drilling the holes, rinse the bricks well with a stream of water and leave them to dry.
Item 5. Base-stand.
For the manufacture of the base-stand we use metallic profile, one meter will be enough, we dissolve it to its full length along to get two identical corners.
We measure the width brick construction, add 5 mm. on each side, and transfer these dimensions to the segment of the corner. We make cuts according to the marks and bend all four sides 90 degrees.
You should get a square into which both bricks are easily inserted.
We use rivets to fasten the corners and give rigidity. We drill in the corners with a drill D = 3.3 mm. holes and fasten with a riveter.
It is desirable to use the minimum length of the rivets, or with the help of a hammer and an anvil, we additionally flatten them.
It remains to attach the legs, mark four 10 cm segments on the remaining corner, immediately drill one hole for the rivets and cut them off.
We put the legs in place and drill holes for the rivets in the frame. We rivet all four legs on one rivet.
We put the platform on our already legs and adjusting exactly each leg, we drill through the second hole for the rivet, install the second rivets.
Additionally, we flatten the rivets with a hammer, now everything is rigid and evenly standing on its own feet.
You can lay bricks inside, if the rivets still interfere a little, we grind the sides of the bricks with a grinder to a small wedge down and put them in place.
Point 6. Installing the spiral.
We straighten the ends of the spiral by 10 cm and put it into the holes.
From the bottom we attach a wire with a plug with a cross section of at least 2.5 mm2.
Evenly stretching the spiral and distributing it in the maze, you should get a slight stretch of the spiral.
Item 7. Switching on and testing.
We connect the stove to the outlet, the wiring and the circuit breaker must be in good condition and rated for a power of at least 3 kW.
After full warm-up, we look at the intensity of the heating of the spirals, it should not be very bright, but in the region of dark orange-red. If the glow is bright orange-yellow, then you need to lower the current, this can be done using one 20-50A diode, which will cut off one period of voltage, which is quite enough for us.
Scheme of lowering the incandescence of the spiral.
I did not have a suitable diode, so I put two parallel 10A each, which gave 20A. In principle, the radiator is not needed, the heating of the diodes is only 10 gr. more environment.
The circuit must be hidden inside an insulated case with ventilation holes.
Now, when it's too lazy to light a fire in the brazier in the gazebo, I use such a tile and quickly prepare a snack!
Giving preference to the stove-heater, it is necessary to choose the right place for it, as well as think over its appearance. At this stage, it is recommended to determine the main advantages of such sauna stoves .
Do-it-yourself electric heater
Modern electric ovens for a sauna can be made in compact sizes, which allows them to fit into saunas, small in size. Implement installation work such heating equipment is possible without additional expensive materials. When constructing a heater, you should not think for a long time about how to equip additional ventilation. In addition, modern electric heaters do not require a strategic supply of fuel for heating the room and heating the bathroom. Such ovens also do not need regular cleaning. That is why it is possible to more clearly highlight the advantages of the electric heater:
- compactness;
- installation speed;
- does not require ventilation;
- do not need fuel;
- do not need cleaning.
People who save energy often refuse such stoves. However, even with relatively high energy costs, sauna heaters are considered profitable and attractive in their appearance. If you properly make an electric stove-heater, then it will perform various functions, with the help of which every vacationer will be comfortable in the sauna.
Do-it-yourself electric furnace, materials for creating
Many owners of future baths purchase an electric stove-heater in ready-made. However, in this case, a situation may occur when the power of the stove does not fit the dimensions of the sauna, or vice versa. Not always ready-made electric heaters are produced in compact sizes. Alternatively, it is better to make such equipment with my own hands. Before proceeding with the construction of the electric heater with your own hands, it is necessary to provide for the presence the right tools. Additionally, with tools, you should purchase the necessary building materials with which you can make an electric stove-heater.
Of the materials and tools for creating an electric furnace, we can distinguish:
- Metal sheet;
- electric heaters;
- electrical wire;
- rheostat;
- electric welding;
- temperature sensor;
- grinder;
- paint;
- stones;
- asbestos sheets.
When working with such materials and tools, do not forget about safety. Correct use necessary tools will allow you to quickly make an electric oven stove and provide the sauna with warmth and comfort.
Electric furnace power
planning furnace construction heaters with electric heating, it is necessary to choose its power correctly. To do this, calculate the volume of the steam room and purchase right amount heating elements. For a small wooden bath sufficient furnace power of 1 kW per 1 square meter. To build a brick sauna electric heater, a less powerful stove may be needed. It will be enough to purchase heating elements with a capacity of 0.8 kW. A convenient connection can be considered a mains voltage of 220 V. With this voltage, all heating elements for an electric heater heater must be connected in parallel.
At the initial stage, you need to take a metal sheet, which will serve as the furnace body. In such a case, you need to correctly, and most importantly, evenly place the heating elements. It does not matter at all how the heating elements will be located. The placement of such heating elements can be vertical or horizontal. In the case of vertical placement of heating elements, they must be placed along the walls of the metal case. When placing the heating elements horizontally, they must be securely fixed at the bottom of the housing. The second option is considered more suitable and can be built much faster. If the heating elements are located in the lower part of the body, then it is possible to achieve a high thermal conductivity of the stone, which will allow heating the entire room quickly enough.
Carrying out the installation of heating elements, it is necessary to treat them with the utmost care. Between the metal case and the heating elements, a gasket made of sheet asbestos should be placed. This material has a low heat transfer coefficient, due to which the case does not heat up at all. Experts recommend over heating elements to make a lattice of metal, on which they fit bath stones. This grating can be made of rebar or thick wire. Due to the strength of such a lattice, it is possible to lay out on it a large number of stones.
It should be noted that it is better not to mount or weld anything in the upper part of the electric heater stove. It should be as open as possible. The beauty of this stove is that the stones are visible, but the heating elements are not. Quite often you can see a variant of an electric heater with a special basket for stones. It is not at all necessary to specifically order a container for stones. It can be any lattice made by one's own hands, in order to save Money. To give the grate an aesthetic appearance, it can be finished with forging, which will give the entire oven a uniqueness and originality. As forged elements, you can choose leaves, curls, flowers. In this matter, it is important to correctly perform their combination. It does not matter at all how many leaves will be on the basket with stones, the main thing is that they look beautiful. It is best to choose stones that are flat in shape, since they can be stacked quite tightly, thereby increasing heat transfer.
Create Furnace Guards
To stove-heater electric type was attractive appearance, it must be cleaned with fine-grained sandpaper. It is advisable to pre-treat the entire surface with acetone, which will degrease it. Then the body should be coated with a special primer. Only after the primer has dried should the stove be painted with heat-resistant paint, which, even under the influence of high temperature will not peel and fade. The oven must be placed carefully at the installation site, and it is advisable to provide for the installation of a fence around it. This must be done in order to prevent burns of varying degrees. Handrails for such a stove can be made of durable treated wood.
Connections for an electric stove
Before proceeding with the connection of the furnace, you need to choose the right one power cable. Such a cable must be powerful, since the power of the furnace itself is large. Thanks to the reliable insulation of the power cable, you can not worry about safety. Furnace connection must be done through a thermostat. If there is almost always dry steam in the steam room, then you can install the thermostat directly in the steam room. It is more preferable to install a thermostat in the dressing room. The furnace body must be grounded. This will avoid short circuits and sudden fires in the steam room.
By building an electric heater in the sauna, you can steam at any time. Steaming not only cleanses the skin, but also allows you to relax after a hard day's work.
