How to properly insulate a frame house. How to properly insulate a frame house, step-by-step instructions Insulating the floor of a frame house with mineral wool diagram

A frame house is one of the fastest and available ways housing constructions. But there are many nuances here. After all, there is no structure on the walls that resists the impact environment. Therefore, the issue of thermal insulation in such buildings is acute.

For insulation frame houses Mineral wool is often chosen. Therefore, you need to figure out which type to choose and how to install it correctly.

This type of heat insulator is known, given, but not inferior in popularity and technical specifications modern technologies. At some points you can even be a step higher. If we compare the popular polystyrene foam or penoplex with mineral wool, then the second option is good at transmitting vapors that accumulate in the premises.

Some types of mineral wool are made from waste. For example, metallurgical waste is suitable for slag wool; glass wool is created from glass production residues or broken material.

In addition, insulation can be purchased at any hardware store. There are no special transportation conditions either, so you can use your own transport. The main thing is that the cotton wool does not get wet.

Advantages and disadvantages

Manufacturers establish a certain list of advantages and disadvantages of their material at the design stage. But since mineral wool is already used, consumers have added several of their own points. The undeniable advantages of insulation include:

Low heat conductivity, which means an excellent heat insulator. But pay attention to the hardness of the wool. Stiffer material holds better warm air.
Fire safety. All types of mineral wool are not capable of supporting combustion. This point is very important for frame house.
Duration of operation. This point is only possible if all rules for installing a heat insulator are observed.
Noise absorption. In addition to the fact that wool is a heat insulator, it can also reduce the amount of noise that can penetrate into the interior. Moreover, it works well both outside and inside.
Easy installation. Of course, there are several nuances, but the insulation does not cause any particular difficulties. The material can be easily adjusted to the desired size.

As for the shortcomings, there are only a few of them:

hygroscopicity - cotton wool quickly absorbs moisture and loses thermal insulation properties. Therefore, it is protected with special membranes on both sides;
high cost - when compared with polystyrene foam, the price is slightly higher;
the need to use a thicker layer of material to provide thermal insulation;
fragility of fibers - this is especially true for glass wool. Therefore, installation of insulation is carried out only in protective clothing using glasses and gloves.

If the owner is not satisfied with this balance of pros and cons, he has the right to choose another option. But before that, be sure to consult with professional craftsmen.

Types of mineral wool

As mentioned above, there are several types this insulation. Each has all the pros and cons that we have already become familiar with. The options differ in the raw materials used for production.

Slag

The main raw materials are metallurgical waste. At high temperatures ah components are fused and pulled into thin threads. This option is the cheapest of all types of cotton wool. But it also has a lot of disadvantages:

When wet, strong acids are formed that can even destroy metal.
Retains heat less efficiently.
Short service life.
Capable of withstanding loads up to 300 degrees Celsius.

Glass wool

To make this type of insulation, waste from the glass industry or the same materials as for glass melting (sand, borax, soda, limestone) are used. Everything is thoroughly mixed and, of course, fused. Next, thin threads are drawn out, from which the future insulator is formed.

Features of the material include:

the most brittle and prickly fibers of all types of mineral wool;
less hygroscopicity than the slag representative;
resists biological, mechanical and chemical influences;
gives less shrinkage;
withstands heating up to 450 degrees, after which it melts.

Basalt wool

For this option, rocks are chosen as raw materials, namely basalt and bentonite clays. That’s why there is another name for stone wool.

Some manufacturers also add urea resins. But all components are safe for human life and health. Temperature in production it is around 1500 degrees.

The material has a lower coefficient of moisture absorption, practically does not shrink, and can protect the house from exposure to temperatures in the range from – 180 to 700 degrees. The cost of this insulation is slightly higher than the previous two. But is it worth saving when it comes to your own comfort and coziness?

Insulation thickness

In order not to make a mistake when choosing the size of insulation, focus on the following points:

Climatic location of the site and the house. If you live in the northernmost part of the country, then you need to choose thicker insulation or several layers. The thickness of the thermal insulation should be 30 cm.
Heating method.
The height of ceilings in future premises.
The size of the windows, as well as their design (wood or plastic and the number of cameras).

Technology of thermal insulation of walls with mineral wool

In order for the cotton wool to fully perform the tasks assigned to it, it is necessary to adhere to all installation rules. Otherwise, within a few years the cold will begin to penetrate into the premises, and frame house will be covered with ice.

The owner will spend all his savings on heating at this time. Therefore, either carefully study all the intricacies of the installation and do everything yourself. Or take care of a professional team.

As for technology, you can work in two directions:

from interior spaces out. From the inside, the wall is covered with OSB board - vapor barrier - insulation - water barrier - again board - cladding;
from outside to inside. First, OSB - water barrier - insulation - vapor barrier - slab - interior finishing.

There are no differences in the amount of materials used, and in future operation too, the main thing is not to confuse where the vapor barrier is and where the hydrobarrier is.

Vapor barriers

Such a membrane is covered under insulation. On the side of the room, the wall will be covered with an OSB board. This layer will allow vapors to escape freely, but not accumulate in the insulation. We already know that mineral wool quickly absorbs moisture, so vapor barrier necessary element in the process of insulating a frame house.

The film must be laid with an overlap of 10–15 cm. You can move both horizontally and vertically. The joints must be taped to prevent moisture from seeping through these places.

Installation of mineral wool

The insulation is placed tightly between the frame posts. If the width of the material is 60 cm, then the distance between the elements is about 59 cm.

This is necessary to ensure that the mineral wool does not slip and even small cracks do not form. But you also need to make sure that the slabs do not bulge, otherwise complete insulation will not be possible.

Internal walls (interior) are also filled with mineral wool. In this case, it is used as a sound insulator. The installation process is identical, but there is no need to use a water barrier. It is better to lay a vapor barrier on both sides.

Installation of wind and moisture protection

This layer is laid in exactly the same way as the vapor barrier. The membrane is laid over the insulation, moving either from bottom to top or from left to right.

Be sure to make an overlap of 10-15 cm, which is glued with tape. Such a membrane will protect the insulation, and the entire frame, from atmospheric moisture and strong wind gusts.

Wall decoration

For external cladding frame walls wooden house You should not use heavy options. Vinyl or acrylic siding is perfect. To install it, a counter-lattice is placed on top of the windbreak. It is to these strips that the facing material is mounted.

Additional sheathing will create and ventilation gap, which means that the moisture that comes out of the rooms will leave the walls faster. The frame of the house will remain strong and reliable longer.

Required Tools

You don't need anything special. Everything that the owner has in the kit is suitable for installing mineral wool. Although some tools may not be at hand. Then we rent it or borrow it from someone.

Impregnation for wooden elements.
Roller or brush for applying impregnation.
Hammer or screwdriver.
Chisel.
Nail puller.
Jigsaw with blades for transverse and longitudinal cuts.
Construction knife - for cutting insulation.
Wood saw.

How to do everything yourself?

In a frame house, as in any other house, it is necessary to insulate not only the walls, but also the floor, ceiling, and even the roof. Such events will ensure that in the future residents will not freeze in the winter and swelter from the heat in the summer. Therefore, you should not lose sight of some elements of the structure.

Floors

Floor insulation begins with waterproofing. But the execution process will depend on the foundation on which the frame house stands. There are two options:

You can crawl under the house - pile-screw foundation. First, the wind-moisture-proof membrane is fixed. Be sure to overlap and glue the joints. Chipboard is nailed on top of it, but on the ground side. Next, they begin work on the premises. The insulation is tightly laid and covered with a vapor barrier. Then wood boards or boards are laid.
If it is not possible to get under the house, then first fix the chipboard and lay it on top protective film. And then they work the same way as in the previous version.

For ceiling insulation, there is also a choice:

from the side of the room;
from the attic side.

The first option is somewhat inconvenient. Mineral wool fibers break off and get into the eyes and respiratory tract. This is very unpleasant and can cause allergic reaction. But if it is not possible to use another option, then this one will also work.

The insulation is tied to the ceiling, covered with a vapor barrier, and then OSB or chipboard is used. After which you can begin finishing work.

In the second option, slabs will be used first, followed by insulation. After which the insulation is covered. Make sure everything is tight. The top of the mineral wool is covered with either boards or slab material.

Pitched roof

It is better to deal with roof insulation even before it is installed. roofing material. They work according to this plan:

Wood boards are fixed from the attic side.
Lay a vapor barrier.
Install mineral wool.
Provides wind and moisture protection.
Install roofing material.

If the roof is completely closed, then they work in the reverse order.

Thermal insulation with mineral wool

When starting to insulate walls, be sure to take into account the height of the walls. If this indicator is higher than 3 m, it is necessary to add horizontal frame elements on which the mineral wool will rest. In this case, the load on the lower layers of insulation is reduced, which means it will not sag.

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Classmates

Construction of a frame house is a sequential process phased creation all structural elements of the building.

Wherein the order of work is strictly defined, changing or disrupting the sequence of actions is impossible - all operations are interconnected and logically follow from one another.

Proper insulation of a frame house is not a separate event, carried out if possible or desired. This mandatory part technological process, one of the stages of construction.

Thermal insulation for the walls of a frame house is a fairly simple process, but responsible and requires a clear understanding of the physical meaning of the actions. Its peculiarity is that no small details that can be ignored are recognized - any shortcomings are equated to serious violations of technology, leading to the failure of many elements of the wall structure. Let's consider the issue in more detail.

Requirements

Insulation - component frame house wall systems. This is not an additional measure that enhances overall functionality, but a standard part of the design.

Little of, the walls of a frame house consist almost entirely of insulation- it accounts for 3/4 of the volume of all materials.

In addition, insulation is the main part of the wall; all other elements, in fact, solve the issues of structural rigidity and protecting the material from moisture and maintaining its working qualities. The importance and responsibility of the tasks performed are put forward to The insulation material has a number of requirements:

Low thermal conductivity.
Low density, light weight.
No reaction to the appearance of moisture, low (ideally no) hygroscopicity.
Constancy of shape, absence of shrinkage or swelling of the material.
No harmful emissions such as formaldehyde, phenol, etc.
The composition of the material should not encourage the appearance of insects or rodents.

In addition to the listed properties, important quality insulation is rigidity. Some types of materials are produced both in a rigid state (slabs) and in a liquid state, requiring special equipment for application, which significantly complicates the work process and requires experience and skills. For independent work much more convenient materials, which do not require the use of additional equipment.

Main types of insulation

The list of materials that are used for thermal insulation of frame walls is quite wide.

Available in the form of slabs, rolls, granules, powder.

Main groups of insulation by origin:

Mineral. Basically, these are various melts of minerals, slag or glass, technologically converted into wool - mineral wool, glass wool, slag wool, etc.
Natural. This group includes various modifications sawdust or shavings (wood concrete, chip concrete, etc.), wool, ecowool, reed mats, etc.
Synthetic. Various materials chemically produced, for example - polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, isofol, etc.

Typically in practice Most often, frame walls are insulated with mineral wool and polystyrene foam. For this they use Various types mineral wool, glass wool or synthetics - polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene, etc. They are reliable, lightweight and do not put too much strain on the wall frame; in addition, insulating the walls in a frame house with your own hands is quite a feasible task.

Tools and protective equipment

The method of installation of the material largely depends on its properties and form of release.

Some simply need to be precisely cut to the shape of the spaces between the step posts, while others require special equipment and protection.

For independent work, insulation materials are usually used, which allow installation with minimal use of equipment and protective equipment. However, if glass wool is used as insulation, basic protection will be required. For work you may need:

ABOUT sharp knife. Shoe material will not work, as the insulation can be up to 200 mm thick. You need a knife with a fairly long blade.
Polyurethane foam. An excellent means of sealing cracks and gaps.
Hammer, small nails, thick threads. All this is useful for temporarily fixing the insulation in the sockets.
Putty knife. It will help to tuck the material tightly into the cracks.
Latex gloves. When working with prickly materials such as glass wool, they are indispensable.
Respirator. Inhalation of dust and small particles of insulation can lead to various diseases, so respiratory protection will not hurt.

Often when working with insulating materials use a full protective suit, covering the entire body and face. The measure will not be unnecessary when using liquid spray materials that create a suspension in the air and can get on skin, hair or clothing.

Preliminary preparation

The insulation is installed on a wall frame that is fully prepared for this.

The following items should be ready at the time of installation:

1. Fully assembled - racks, and top harness, jibs and other elements.
2. Installed outer skin from OSB, chipboard, plywood or similar sheet materials.
3. Installed waterproofing membrane(or other waterproofing agent roll type), all joints are connected with tape, there are no gaps or cracks.

That is all operations that cannot be performed with installed insulation must be performed, and then the walls of the frame house will be insulated from the inside. If it is done using the platform method, i.e. in a lying state, then the insulation is attached only after lifting the wall and aligning it with the markings.

Technology

How to properly insulate the walls of a frame house? How to properly install insulation in frame walls? As mentioned above, there are several types of insulation. The insulation scheme for the walls of a frame house has its own characteristics for each of them.. Let's consider one representative from each species.

Mineral wool

Frame houses: insulating walls with mineral wool for such prefabricated structures is very common. It is best to choose basalt slab wool.

It has sufficient rigidity and does not lose its shape during installation. The thickness of the slab is selected so that it corresponds to the width of one or more layers.

Important! The insulation should not be thicker than the width of the studs!

Insulating the walls of a frame house mineral wool goes like this:

1. First of all, a waterproofing layer must be installed. Stripes roll material fastened in horizontal rows, starting from the bottom. The joints are insulated with special tape.

2. Mineral wool slabs are cut into pieces, exactly matching the width of the frame slots.

3. The cut parts are inserted into the sockets. If necessary, use a spatula to tuck the edges.

Attention! When working with a spatula or similar tools, be careful not to damage the waterproofing layer!

4. The installed parts of the insulation are fixed in place using thick threads, looped over small nails driven into the studs. If you don’t want to spoil the waterproofing layer with nails (and this is inevitable), then Insulation boards should be cut and installed as accurately and tightly as possible.

5. The joints of the pieces of material are glued with special tape. As an option - sealed polyurethane foam . There should be no gaps.

6. On top of fully installed insulation a vapor barrier layer is attached. Its installation is carried out similarly to waterproofing - horizontal rows, starting from the bottom, the rows are overlapped by at least 150 mm, the joints are reinforced with tape.

All layers of the cake must be sealed, without cracks, holes or other damage.

Important! Even a small hole or gap will definitely cause the materials to become wet and the wood to rot!

Styrofoam

First of all, it is necessary to select the thickness of the material slabs in order to ensure the most favorable ratio of the thickness of the insulation and the width of the racks.

If necessary, you can use a combination of several plates with different thicknesses.

Insulation of the walls of a frame house with foam plastic is done in the following order:

The first layer is roll waterproofing.
The material is cut to the size of the nests. It is better to cut with a fine-toothed hacksaw, being careful not to crumble the material.
Installing polystyrene foam into the nests. Keeping in mind the rather fragile structure, you should not use force to drive the piece into the nest; it is better to trim it. It can be temporarily fixed with small wedges.
All existing cracks and joints are filled with polyurethane foam.
After crystallization, excess foam is trimmed with a knife.

Sawdust

Sawdust - cheap and available material. They are mainly used as insulation as various connections with cement bonds.

In their pure form, they are too dangerous from a sanitary point of view; in addition, they are susceptible to rotting and easily absorb water.

In addition, the use of bulk materials for wall insulation is almost impossible, since it will not be possible to achieve the required density of filling the nests. The cavities that appear in the thickness of the sawdust will inevitably create cold bridges, which will completely disrupt the operation of the insulating cake and cause the frame and sawdust to get wet. That's why You can only use derivatives - wood concrete or other slab material.

Insulating the walls of a frame house with sawdust is done in the same way:

A waterproofing layer is installed.
The plates are cut into appropriate pieces and inserted into the slots.
The cracks, joints or gaps are filled with polyurethane foam, which is trimmed after crystallization.
A vapor barrier layer is installed.

Important! Using sawdust is a questionable decision because it is a breeding ground for insects or rodents, and it rots and absorbs water. The presence of such circumstances makes the use of sawdust the least good choice of all possible.

Useful video

How the walls of a frame house are insulated is additionally described in the video below:

conclusions

Self-installation of insulation usually occurs in conditions of limited tools and lack of proper experience and skills. Since it is very important to properly insulate frame walls, it is recommended to use the most successful types of materials that do not require equipment and do not have serious restrictions during the installation process. The simpler the material is to work with, the better the result and there will be no consequences.

Taking on a job without having the skills to handle insulation is a hasty decision. In any case, it is necessary to first study the technology, especially the physical meaning of the processes occurring in the thickness of the pie. Then the work can be beneficial and provide coziness and comfort in the home.

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A frame house is practical, durable and very a budget option construction. It has multiple advantages, especially in the area of ease of design and installation.

Insulation remains an unchanged nuance for a frame house; despite the basic insulation installed in the niches, it is necessary to additionally ensure heat retention.

The material of a frame house is wood or metal, more often they complement each other. Therefore it is used additional insulation either outside or inside.

Insulating walls in a frame house has long ceased to be a luxury; now it is more of a necessity. Since in Lately frame structures are becoming increasingly common in cold regions of the country, it is worth thinking about warmth and comfort in the house.

Each insulation option deserves its right to exist, since in some situations it shows better results. The advantages and disadvantages of each method should be analyzed point by point.

has a higher heat retention coefficient, thus energy costs will be minimal.

This is due to the fact that there is no need to warm up the walls; most of the air is retained directly in the room. The situation is twofold, since walls can also collapse due to a shift in the dew point. So the moisture from the cold air will be transformed into droplets almost in the room itself.

Comparison of insulation methods

Also internal option insulation is easier to install; you can reach the wall using a simple stepladder.

In contrast to this advantage, there is a nuance - this is a decrease in the variety of wall decor, that is, the insulation is less durable and fastening some structures can be difficult. It's logical that the construction of an additional layer on the walls leads to an overall reduction in the area of the house.

Using the method internal insulation walls, be sure to pay attention to the environmental friendliness of the material.

- this is more standard and safe way heat preservation. This type insulation has the following advantages:

The walls are protected from destruction and are less susceptible to weather conditions;
Does not take up space in the room;
Lower requirements for the environmental component of insulation;

List the main types of insulation and their brief description

Insulation materials are divided according to their properties and method of application, but today the variety of materials is so large that it is very difficult to describe all the options, so only the most popular methods will be discussed.

Comparison of thermal insulation

Stone wool

Stone wool is a material that is used everywhere, it is preferred by many development companies. The popularity of cotton wool is based on easy installation, since no special skills are required and you can get by with available tools.

NOTE!

It is used in frame houses that are built with one’s own hands, that is, not of a factory design. Thermal insulation is used to fill the openings between the beams of the frames.

Due to its distribution, cotton wool can be found in almost every major hardware store, and transportation is possible even to own car. The main requirement for installing wool is its installation density - there should be no gaps.

Stone wool

Styrofoam

- This is a cheaper and moisture-resistant insulation, but it is also quite fragile. Installation of foam plastic is somewhat more difficult and requires some experience in this area. Since the material does not absorb moisture, there is no need for moisture/vapor protective membranes, which reduces the cost of the project.

The performance characteristics of polystyrene foam somewhat repel many people, which is why serious disputes flare up around the material. As negative aspects, they note that the material is not at all environmentally friendly and people complain about a deterioration in their health after insulation.

Styrofoam

Mineral wool

Often used in construction due to its high thermal/sound insulating properties and minerals are increasingly gaining popularity in private construction.

Cotton wool has the form of fibers that are several times smaller than hair, and all this is in compressed form. The fiber length is 10-15cm.

Due to the presence of a huge number of air cavities, the material retains heat well, and along with it, sound. Installation of wool is as simple as possible due to the flexibility and elasticity of the blocks, and there is no tendency to deform. There is no risk of fire.

Mineral wool

There are many other types of insulation, such as:

Frame wall insulation pie - what elements does it consist of?

There are several main options for building a frame house, the first is a factory one, when you initially buy ready-made blocks, it is called frame-panel. Another method is to arrange and assemble the panels on site, essentially by hand.

Both options must contain several important layers, each of which has its own specific function. In fact, there are only 5 main layers:

So, naturally, he goes first façade cladding, this also includes external insulation, so the function is attractive design and protection against temperature changes;
Further windproof membrane protects the house from drafts, removes moisture and thereby retains heat;
The frame itself always contains some kind of insulation;
A vapor barrier layer protects the insulation from the penetration of water vapor, which in turn ensures the durability of the building;
Internal lining. There are no special standards here; you can use internal insulation, varied decor and everything that seems appropriate to the owner.

Insulation pie

Layers of vapor barrier and wind protection must be secured using lathing. It is a mesh, usually made of wooden blocks, which fixes the necessary films and internal insulation, preventing deformation of the structure.

Sealing cracks and preparing sheathing

Lathing is vital in insulating a frame house. The reason is that it is simply impossible to attach to mineral wool or any other filler, since they are not able to withstand loads.

Further work requires the presence of lathing; the material can serve as ordinary timber, and profile.

The sheathing itself additionally serves to seal the inner layer of insulation and provide additional ventilation.

Before preparing the sheathing All cracks must be sealed first, which can be formed due to a loose fit of the insulation.
It is necessary to fill the niches in the frame so that a slight pressure of the insulation is formed on the supports. This is done so that if the beams dry out, gaps do not form due to the filler, otherwise big losses heat guaranteed.
Various gaps that cannot be closed using the material simply blown with foam.
The sheathing itself is done as simply as possible. To install the sheathing, a board measuring 20x90mm is used. The sheathing is attached to wooden planks, which secure the insulation. You can fill the timber in absolutely any direction, it depends on the decor you choose.

Frame installation

Installation of sheathing

Proper insulation of the walls of a frame house with mineral wool - in detail and step by step

It is worth noting that mineral wool is very good material for insulation, but it still has several negative parameters, such as the release of harmful substances, which limits its use indoors.

It is also noted that the material is afraid of moisture and water vapor.

If the mineral wool is saturated by even a few percent, the insulation loses half of its heat-insulating properties.

Now you should highlight several basic steps for insulating walls with your own hands when using mineral wool:

First, it is necessary to sheathe the inside of the structure with a vapor barrier material;
Then sew up the inside of the frame, this is often done using OSB. In this way, niches are created for further sealing;
Usually niches are made to fit the size of mineral wool, but if necessary you will have to trim the sheet with a simple knife. It is worth considering that you should cut 5 mm more on each side than was measured, this creates additional protection against possible cracks;
Selecting the number of mineral wool sheets. Each is 5 cm thick, the calculation must be made based on the terrain, in normal cases 2 sheets are enough. Sometimes niches are made in several layers that intersect;
Now the frame is sheathed on the outside with wind protection;
The sheathing goes on top of the insulation.

Installation of mineral wool

Laying insulation

Insulation of frame walls with polystyrene foam - in detail and step by step

Despite the fact that mineral wool is a good material for insulation, it is worth disassembling internal methods heat preservation. Here the choice of material should be taken seriously, since one of the most important criteria, in addition to thermal conductivity, is the environmental friendliness of the product.

The best material for internal insulation, in all respects, is. It has low thermal conductivity, is lightweight, does not allow vapor to pass through and is thin, but alas, it is somewhat more expensive than other materials.

Installation of polystyrene foam is quite simple:

A layer of wind protection is laid;
The slats are attached and can be installed in a horizontal or vertical position;
The interior is filled with extruded polystyrene foam;
Usually there is also a vapor barrier, but with this material there is no need for it, so next comes lathing and drywall or any other finishing material.

Laying polystyrene foam

A few words about waterproofing and vapor barrier

Vapor barrier is a certain film that does not allow moisture to accumulate in the layer with insulation. In this way, the penetration of any vapor from the room into the various layers of insulation and back is blocked. Often used in conjunction with waterproofing.

Vapor barrier

Waterproofing helps to minimize the phenomenon of dew point. Blocks moisture from entering the insulation, usually used on the outside of the wall.

Waterproofing

Useful video

Insulation of frame walls using special technology:

Conclusion

Insulation brings comfort and coziness to the house, blocks the occurrence of harmful, destructive phenomena in the structure and at the same time retains heat.

It’s not for nothing that frame houses are often called thermoses, because if built correctly, the building can retain heat even in the cold season for several days. Also, do not forget about ventilation, since air circulation in the room is minimal.

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Laying thermal insulation in inter-wall voids.

The outer walls of a frame house are a structure made of thick wooden blocks covered on both sides with finishing, between which thermal insulation is laid. Insulating a frame house with mineral wool remains the safest and most profitable measure. The first step is to decide on the type of fiber insulation. It is made from basalt or glass industry residues. It is preferable to use glass wool, as it:

lighter;
does not generate dust and does not prick;
does not contain phenol formaldehyde;
has low thermal conductivity 0.036-0.042 W/m*K;
a little cheaper than .

Therefore, when insulating the walls of a frame house with mineral wool, vapor barrier films and diffusion membranes are laid. Vapor barrier is a material that does not allow moisture to pass through in all its forms (steam, liquid). Waterproofing is a breathable material that allows moisture to pass through in the form of steam, but retains it in liquid state. The main task is to create a vapor-permeable cake frame wall with mineral wool, while minimizing the amount of moisture absorbed into the thermal insulation from inside the room.

No vapor barrier protects the insulation from moisture getting into it 100%. A small part of the steam will still penetrate into the insulating cake.

Insulation of walls is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the insulation is laid into the voids of the frame in two layers with offset seams. At the second stage, mineral wool is laid with outside to close the racks wooden frame. The insulation is laid perpendicular to the inner wall layer. How to properly insulate a frame house with mineral wool:

internal lining;
vapor barrier;
mineral wool in two layers;
external sheathing made perpendicular to the frame beams;
a layer of thermal insulation covering the beams;
diffusion membrane or windbreak.

Mineral wool for a frame house is placed spaced between the guides, thanks to this it will not shrink over time. If the height of the walls is more than 3 meters, then you need to lay horizontal bars to reduce the load on the mineral wool. Frame structures usually have a ventilated façade. To do this, a counter-lattice is placed on top of the windbreak, and a vinyl siding, blockhouse or other decoration. There must be a gap between the wind barrier and the façade. The size of the gap depends on the height of the walls, but not less than 15 mm.

Insulation of horizontal floors in a frame house

As the density of mineral wool increases, the thermal conductivity coefficient also increases.

First, let’s decide which mineral wool to choose for the floor and ceiling of a frame house. We are talking about density, which should be about 35 kg/m. cube There is no point in taking denser and therefore heavier materials. Mineral wool for a frame house, the density of which exceeds the specified value, creates additional load on the beams, and this is an undesirable factor. The principle of thermal insulation of the floor and ceiling is the same, the only difference is the location of the waterproofing and vapor barrier. In this case, you need to adhere to the following algorithm:

between thermal insulation and zone high pressure(in a heated room) a vapor barrier is installed;
between thermal insulation and zone low pressure(in an unheated room or street) a diffusion membrane is laid.

In this case, some variations in the insulation method are possible. For example, if the subfloor is solid OSB slab or boards filled without gaps, then you can do without a diffusion membrane. You can also do without a membrane by insulating the ceiling, but only if the attic is absolutely dry.

Insulation of frame roof with mineral wool

Frame roof insulation scheme.

For the roof, thermal insulation of the same density is used as for insulating the walls of a frame house with mineral wool (55 kg/m3). It must be understood that the installation of fiber insulators must be carried out during the construction of the roof. Layers from the inside:

vapor barrier - can be laid on either side;
thermal insulation - preferably in two layers with offset joints;
diffusion membrane - fleecy side towards the insulation, smooth side with the logo up;
counter-lattice - absolutely necessary to create a ventilated gap;
roof finishing - tiles, slate, ondulin, corrugated sheets, etc.

Protective films are laid overlapping, and the joints are sealed. They should be tight, without sagging. The membrane is laid from the edge of the roof to the ridge to prevent moisture from entering the seam.

Results

The density of mineral wool for walls and roofs must be at least 55 kg/m. cube, and for horizontal floors 35 kg/m is enough. cube For work, you can use both stone wool and glass wool. In any case, the insulation is protected by films. The first, main task is to prevent steam from entering the mineral wool. For this purpose, a vapor barrier is laid between the warm room and the insulation. Second, no less important task- give the opportunity for the steam that did leak out to leave the insulation pie. To achieve this, the walls are covered with wind protection, and the roof, floor and ceiling diffusion membrane. The use of membranes on horizontal floors (except the roof) is more of a recommended measure than a mandatory one.

Insulation of a frame house- one of the most the most important stages construction, since the insulation layer serves as the only barrier to the penetration of cold into the home, as well as an insulator from wind and moisture.

AND up to 80% All frame houses are insulated with mineral wool or materials based on it.

Mineral wool- This is a vapor-permeable insulation, which is the most popular material for thermal insulation. Mineral wool is highly sound insulating and environmentally friendly. Throughout the entire period of use, the mineral wool remains in its original form.

Advantages and disadvantages

Main advantages mineral wool:

Low thermal conductivity. This coefficient depends on the density of mineral wool and can range from 0.032 to 0.039 W/(m*K). And the harder the wool, the less thermal conductivity it will have.
Durability. At correct installation insulation can last up to 70 years.
Easy to install. The material is easy to cut with a knife and convenient to process.
Fire safety. Mineral wool does not burn, but only melts under the influence of high temperatures, without emitting harmful substances into the atmosphere.

To the disadvantages insulation with mineral wool include:

High cost.
The need to protect the material from moisture using vapor and waterproofing films.
Installation of wool slabs must be carried out in a suit and a respirator to protect against harmful dust .

Types of mineral wool, their pros and cons

Happens 3 types:

Glass wool (the raw material is glass melts).
Stone (made from rocks).
Slag (made from slag).

Previously described advantages and disadvantages mineral wool is inherent in all its varieties; the distinctive pros and cons of each type are shown below.

Glass wool- This is a fibrous insulation, which is one of the types of mineral wool. The raw materials for its production are glass melts and binders - resins.

Pros of glass wool:

Breathability.
Frost resistance.
Chemical resistance.
Resistant to mold and fungal attack.

Disadvantages of insulation:

Short service life - up to 10 years.
Shrinkage up to 80%.

Stone (basalt) wool- this is a vapor-permeable insulation, which is one of the best sound and thermal insulation materials. It is made from rocks with the addition of urea resins and bentonite clay.

Advantages of stone wool:

High density.
Minimal shrinkage (about 5%).
Resistant to rot, mold and mildew.

To the disadvantages The high moisture absorption of stone wool can be attributed.

Important: cotton wool is produced in slabs and rolls and can have different densities - from 30 to 100 kg/m³.

Slag wool It is made from blast furnace slag, which is a waste product from metallurgical production.

Pros are slagging:

flexibility and elasticity (can be used for insulating round surfaces).
Low cost.

Disadvantages of insulation:

When water gets on cotton wool, acid is released, which destroys the metal.
The material does not tolerate temperature changes well.

The table shows that stone wool has the best technical indicators, plus it has minimal shrinkage. Slag wool is noticeably inferior to glass and stone wool in terms of thermal conductivity and has low noise insulation.

Technology for insulating the floor of a frame house

Floor insulation technology based on the type of foundation of the house. Majority frame structures They are placed on a pile-screw foundation, but regardless of the type of foundation of the house, the first layer of floor insulation should be waterproofing.

If the house is located high from the ground and you can climb under it, then first attach it under the joists with a stapler waterproofing film, and then nail the bottom sheathing boards.

They can be nailed close to each other or in increments of up to 40 cm. They will keep the mineral wool slabs and waterproofing film from falling down.

If you can’t crawl under the house, then boards are stuffed under the joists, and then a film is laid over the joists and boards from the inside. Mineral wool is placed tightly between the joists on the film . Distance between joists should be 58-59 cm, since standard width cotton wool slabs – 60 cm.

Average mineral wool layer thickness should be 15 cm, and the height of the logs should be slightly less. Each new layer of wool must overlap the joints of the previous one and have an overlap of at least 20 cm.

On top of mineral wool and lag attach vapor barrier film, the joints are taped with 2-sided tape. Sheets of plywood, OSB or boards are laid on the film, which will serve as the basis for finishing floors

Important: hydro- and vapor barrier films are laid so that their edges extend onto the walls. This will prevent moisture from getting between the wall and the floor of the frame house.

Scheme for insulating the walls of a frame house with mineral wool

The walls in a frame house are insulated and outside and inside. The materials used for this are the same.

Insulation of external walls

Wall insulation technology mineral wool from the outside includes several stages. First, the frame is sheathed on the outside with OSB boards with a distance between the boards of 2-3 mm. Then these cracks are filled with polyurethane foam.

Outside, a waterproofing film is stretched over the slabs to protect slabs and a layer of mineral wool against precipitation, the joints of the films are covered with double-sided tape.

WITH inside Mineral wool slabs are inserted between the frame beams. The joint of the second layer of wool should overlap the joint of the first by 15-20 cm.

Advice: it is best to take wool slabs with a density of at least 35-50 kg/m³ to insulate the walls of a frame dwelling. Such mineral wool will not sag or roll down.

After laying all the insulation must be filled out polyurethane foam all the cracks that appeared at the joints of boards and beams.

On top of a layer of mineral wool A vapor barrier film is stretched from the inside to protect the insulation from moisture coming from inside the room. Next, OSB sheets, plywood or boards are stuffed onto the film. In conclusion, finishing walls

Insulation of internal walls

Insulation of internal walls frame house is mainly carried out to ensure sound insulation. To do this, you can use mineral wool, another type of insulation, or special soundproofing materials.

The technology for insulating walls inside is similar to insulation external walls, while hydro- and heat-insulating films may not be used.

Ceiling insulation with mineral wool

Ceiling insulation is one of the most critical stages of home insulation technology. It is recommended to carry it out while the roof is not yet fully assembled, so that this does not interfere with the tight laying of mineral wool on top of the ceiling.

Firstly, on ceiling beams A vapor barrier film is attached from the inside. A board is nailed onto it 2.5 cm thick, plywood sheet or OSB board. Next, wool slabs are attached on top according to the same rules as for insulating walls and floors.

Attention: mineral wool is placed completely over the entire ceiling, plus an overlap over the entire width of the walls.

If the attic is not used for living, then lay membrane films no need. You can immediately sheathe it with plywood or boards for ease of movement. In cases where it is not possible to insulate the ceiling from above, it is used insulation from the inside. To do this, mineral wool slabs are tied to the ceiling. Then a vapor barrier film is sewn on and plywood sheets or boards.

Since warm air always rises to the top, then with improper insulation the ceiling will leave the room a large number of heat.

Insulation of the roof of a frame house

Roof insulation technology similar to ceiling insulation with one exception. A waterproofing film must be laid over the insulation layer to protect the mineral wool from external environment(rain, wind or snow).

After installation rafter system a vapor barrier film is hemmed underneath, onto which hemming boards or plywood sheets are stuffed from the inside.

Then sheets of insulation are laid on the outside, covering them waterproofing film. On film stuff the counter-lattice, then the sheathing under the roof and the roofing material itself.

Roof insulation more convenient to produce outside, so the cotton wool fibers will not fall on your face. If the roof is already assembled, then insulation can be done from the inside. But this is less convenient, since it will be necessary to temporarily fix the mineral wool slabs before installing the vapor barrier.

In conclusion, we can say that insulating a frame house with mineral wool will ensure minimal heat removal through the walls and will cut costs for heating in winter period. Mineral wool as insulation provides natural ventilation in the house and is an excellent sound insulator against noise from the street.

Look at the video for a diagram of insulating a frame house with mineral wool:

Watch the video for a master class on insulating the external walls of a frame house using URSA TERRA: