Fire extinguishing facilities. Primary fire extinguishing tools and their use

Fire is an unpredictable phenomenon that may occur at any time. The consequences of his terrible for the life and health of people. Scares that there are no absolutely safe places that would be fenced from fire. In this regard, strict requirements for compliance with the rules have been established. fire safety and equipping buildings of any purpose by means of fire extinguishing. To cope with the element of fire, you should have specific knowledge about its properties and methods of liquidation, as well as know which extension means exist. Classification and their application will be discussed in the article.

General characteristics and varieties

The fire technique of modern civilization is diverse. It is represented by models for professional extinguishing major fire spheres, automatic installations Combating only in the framework of the fire, as well as simple in the use of primary means. Characterized by them, separating into groups, depending on the design and application area.

Classification technical means Fire extinguishing on the principle of their placement is as follows:

• Mobiles are used for professional fire extinguishing. This method is based on the use of specialists. vehicle (helicopters, vessel, cars). Their action is directed to the supply of water or substance that is quenched, under pressure to the place of ignition.
• Semi-stationary allow you to extinguish the fire, moving around the territory for minor distances.
• Stationary - pipelines filled with water, foam or steam, reacting to the room temperature. There are such installations in automatic or manual mode. After their launch, pumps are turned on, which serves a fire extinguishing agent. Are usually installed on ships, in production shops and shopping and entertainment centers.
• Primary - means to combat small fires and just begun by fire. They are mobile and easy to use.

Fire extinguishing, classification and their use should be studied as part of the safety equipment by each employee of the enterprise, regardless of its direction.

What do the flame do?

The simplest means to extinguish the fire is water. it affordable methodwhich allows you to reduce the temperature of the flame and thus reduce the focus of fire. Water is the first thing that comes to mind in a critical situation. However, do not forget that it is compatible with all kinds of fires. It cannot be used for chemical substances Large density (gasoline, toluene, kerosene), as well as to eliminate electrical ignition. In extinguishing any chemicals, it is worth considering the fact that water can enter into a reaction with some alkalis, as a result of which toxic and explosive gases are formed. That is why fire extinguishing products, classification and their use should be especially carefully studied by the employees of the industrial sector.

For professional extinguishing of fires arising in closed rooms, up to 500 cubic meters effective way Will applying water vapor. For a short time, the room is completely filled with them, the temperature inside is heated to 85 degrees Celsius. This contributes to a decrease in oxygen concentration in air, which directly adjusts the flame intensity. The combustion process is depressing, and the flame fades pretty quickly.

Primary means Fire extinguishing on a par with mobile technology can be filled with air-mechanical foam, which is used to extinguish solid materials and combustible fluids. It consists of water, air (90%) and surfactant - the foaming agent. The contents of extinguishing agents may consist of a foam generator powder that contributes to the formation of a chemical foam, which oppresses the combustion processes.

Often when steaming fires use flue gases, carbon dioxide or nitrogen. They act like a water pair, reducing oxygen concentration in the air, damping the fire of the source of continuation of the combustion process.

Characteristics of specialized means of extinguishing

Mobile fire extinguishing installations are designed to combat small and large fires In any conditions. They provide specialists moving and supplying a substance with different distance. The main number of specialized funds consists of transport: cars, trains, helicopters, ship. Their design is based on the use of a motor-compartment consisting of an engine and a pump that allow you to supply liquid from a container into hoses or sprayers, directed to the fire. Modern fire extinguishing transportation systems allow you to transport an additional inventory, as well as the personnel of the fire station. To prevent fires in the city, cars are usually used, with large incidents - helicopters.

Fire trains are used to eliminate fires and fighting fire not far from the railway tracks and are mainly used when steaming fires due to accidents or natural elements. Helicopters are perfectly coping with global fire foci. They are widely used during periods forest fires Or with any major incidents. The vessel is applied in cases of ignition of other water transport or industrial installations.

Primary Fire Extinguishing Means: Classification and Application

Primary call special devices, tools or materials that are used in the elimination of the initial stages of fire. These devices are most correct to call the means of fire extinguishes, as they are able to cope with the flame, but can not put out the emerging fire. They are created to prevent fire and primary struggle with fire. With their help, any person can cope with the situation, at least a little knowledgeable principle of device and use. If you failed to prevent fire, and the fire does not go out, you should immediately leave the room and leave attempts to combat it. Immediately you need to call the appropriate service. Elimination of the fire is not under the humanities without special equipment and training.

Primary fire extinguishing tools can be found in any building. They are located in a prominent place, and the staff is instructed and clearly knows how to use them in an emergency. The fire arsenal of "primary" means consists of:

• fire extinguishers;
• inventory (shovel, bugs, scrap, axes);
• sand, cat;
• water tanks;
• fire cranes.

The necessary means of fire extinguishing are located in special cabinets, bedside tables or boxes. They are usually painted in red to make them easy to find. The contents of the cabinets are formed depending on the classification of instruments and their type. Places of placement of primary fire extinguishing means are chosen on the basis of their availability and possible region ignition.

Operation of fire crane

Fire Crane - one of the simplest methods effective struggle With fire when caring water. The safety measure is used in the premises of the most different purposes: from residential and household to industrial and economic. The device, in fact, provides water supply with the ability to adjust the value of its stream and the power of the jet. This is peculiar connecting link between fire hydrant or plumbing network and room.

Created a lot of requirements and standards of installation, which regulate the procedure for placing cranes, rules of operation and planned inspections. The fire crane is driven by two people: one holds the sleeve, and the second opens the valve. All elements of the compound and configuration should be the same type and freely operate.

Fire sleeve is recommended to save dry. It must be folded in the form of a harmonica or a double rut. It is unacceptable to use the fire crane to ensure economic and household needs. They are placed in special cabinets, built-in or mounted having holes for airing, as well as inspection and seal without opening. On the cabinet door, the letter index "PC" is indicated, the number of the sequence crane and phone data fire service and guard.

Checking fire extinguishing facilities in the form of a fire crane is performed at least once every six months by visual inspection and bringing working condition For evaluating performance.

Sand and materials

A common method of dealing with fire after water is sand. It is inexpensive, it is easy to store and use it. Sand is used to effectively extinguishing oils, liquid combustible substances or eliminate small focus of solid materials. Despite the ease of use and acquisition, the fire-fighting inventory of this type should be stored under certain conditions in compliance with the requirements, including:

• accommodation in 10,3 cubic meters with a wide lid, providing free access to content;
• installing containers in places inaccessible to moisture;
• check fitness material 2 times a year.

When extinguishing flammable liquids, sand should be poured not to the burning center (it will spray), but on the boundaries of the ignition. Fire inventory (shovel, buckets) is located along with sand in the fire shield.

Protect the means of fire extinguishing, as well as cope with small fires, you can use the cat, felt or asbestos canvas. The area of \u200b\u200bsuch materials should be a meter per meter, and they themselves are impregnated with antipirens. The canvas are stored with minimized in metal boxes inaccessible to moisture.

Auxiliary tools

When dealing with fire, additional tools may be needed, which are located in the available places indoors. These are peculiar attached or built-in wardrobes, the contents of which are clearly visible - fire shields. In addition to useful items, they contain information about telephone numbers of the fire service and protection, inventory of the content, the data of the person responsible for operation and the sequence number of the shield with the PSH index. Usually there are fire-fighting equipment to extinguish water and sand (buckets, shovels), as well as tools for separating burning structures or opening of the room: axes, crowds, baggers.

The cabinet doors or other closing elements are seal, but so that they can be easily discovered in an emergency. When installing any inventory and fire equipment It must be remembered that the requirements for fire extinguishing equipment primarily concern their availability.

Fire extinguishers

What does the universal type fire extinguishing agent? Of course - fire extinguishers. It does not require much space for storage, and the application is not of great difficulty. They contain substances that contribute to handling of different types ignition. In an emergency, it will not be necessary to remember whether it is worthwhile to water the focus with water or sprinkle with sand, will not be worse from it. The fire extinguisher of a suitable type will also help with electrical ignition, drying solid materials, metals and liquids of different origin.

According to the composition distinguish:

The use of primary fire extinguishing means in the form of a fire extinguisher may differ slightly. but general principle Actions are usually similar:

• Remove the seal and remove the safety check.
• Provide access to the button or lever of the fire extinguisher.
• Send to the focus of ignition with a stream of substance with the help of a hose or trocery hose.

Cylinders have visible and accessible places nearby with evacuation outputs At an altitude of no more than 1.5 meters from the floor. Fire extinguishers allowed to operate have inventory rooms, tags and labeling on the housing, as well as seated. The use of a cylinder or damage to the seal should follow the direction of the fire extinguisher on maintenance In order to verify service and recharge.

Automatic fire extinguishing

Automatic installations are universal method Preventing fire and alerts about the event of people in the premises. Equipment determines the first signs of the occurrence of fire and gives a signal about the renewal fire alarm. The APS (automatic fire alarm system) systems react to smoke or temperature increase and operate around the clock. When a threat is detected automatic fire extinguishing By spraying or feeding substances in the form of liquid, foam or gas. The installation of a type of APS is made depending on the location of the system and the nature of the alleged threat.

The APS requires monthly testing and conducting planning and preventive diagnostic and repair work. Regular maintenance of the APS is the key to its proper functioning and security.

Control over primary fire extinguishing

The procedure for placing, quantities and use of funds for the fight against fire and small foci of fire are governed by regulatory documents (FZ-315, FZ-123, NPB 110-03, SNiP 21-01-97, GOST). Responsible for the organization, control and use of funds engineer fire safety. The main document containing the rules for the use of fire extinguishing and their storage is the same name of fire safety instruction. The engineer is developing instructions and trains staff according to them, leads a fire safety log, conducts inspection of fire extinguishing.

The developed fire extinguishing algorithm allows you to effectively cope with the fires of ignition and ensure the safety of people nearby. The abundance of technical means of fire extinguishes provides any premises. necessary equipment For primary flame deal. Fire prevention is the work of specialists with the use of more serious technology, so if you cannot cope with fire with gearmatic means, it is worth thinking about your own security and convey the work of professionals.

If you have a fire, what to do? We must try to put out the fire until he flared out thoroughly. But how to do that? To do this, at hand should always be special means. And it is about them that will be discussed in this review.

What do the primary means imply?

What is the primary fire extinguishing agents? Under them it is necessary to understand the mechanized hand type tool, substances with materials and products that are necessary in order to localize and eliminate the focus of ignition at the initial stage. In other words, these are fire extinguishers, fire cranes, cats, sand, buckets, etc. These items should always be kept at hand. Summing up the above, it is necessary to allocate that the primary means of fire extinguishing are those tools and substances with which the fire can be extinguished.

Do not get carried away when steaming a fire!

It is necessary to understand that it is impossible to resist the fire with the help of them. It will be extremely dangerous for life. Professionals should be engaged in steaming. But everyone can fight him at the very initial stage of his occurrence. It is necessary to remember that the primary means of fire extinguishing are used to counteract precisely ignitions, and not fires that require special means that protect the respiratory bodies, head and body.

If unauthorized burning arises or fire will be detected, it will be necessary to immediately call fire protection. This should be done even when the fire managed to eliminate on its own. It should be understood that the fire is able to remain unnoticed in hidden places. For example, in the voids of partitions or in the attic. Accordingly, after a while, the burning can begin again. This can happen even in a few hours.

When is the use of girlfriend tools useless?

Do not try to put out the fire using primary fire extinguishing tools, if it began to spread to furniture items, filling at this room smoke. Once again, it is necessary to repeat that it is possible to easily extinguish the sunbathing if the fire was seen at an early stage and when there is confidence in own power. However, if it was not possible to eliminate the fire for a few minutes, then it will be not only possible to resist fire, but it is extremely dangerous for life.

Popular tool for eliminating fire

Water is the almost most common primary fire extinguishing agent. Its fire extinguishing properties are mainly consisting of cooling the burning object, in reducing the temperature of the ignition. Water is electrically conductive. For this reason, it is impossible to use it if extinguished electrical networks and installations. It is necessary to take into account that if the water falls on the wires, then a short circuit may occur. If the combustion of electrical wiring was found, first of all it will be necessary to deraid the power grid in the apartment. To do this, turn off the shared switch located on the input shield. The use of primary fire extinguishing means, such as water, fire extinguisher and sand, is possible only after this action.

It is impossible to try to slightly burning gasoline, butter, kerosene or other any flammable means in a residential building, a barn or garage. Liquid data lighter than water. For this reason, they float onto her surface, continuing to burn. But at the same time, the fire area significantly increases, since the water has a property spread. In this situation, it is most preferable to use such a primary means of fire extinguishing like a fire extinguisher. No less good option considered sand, earth, soda, tight fabrics, coat and wool blanket. The last three means should be coated previously water.

What substances can be used when extinguishing flammable liquids?

The use of primary fire extinguishing tools, such as earth and sand, most effectively if the burning center is not too big. These materials are also suitable for bottling flammable liquids (gasoline, resin, kerosene, etc.). If you have a fire, sand or land it is necessary to bring in a bucket or in Sovkov's shovel to the hearth. Mainly the material should be poured on the outer edge of the burning area. It should be tried to create a kind of barrier that will prevent the navigation of the burning fluid. After that, with the help of the shovel, it will take to cover the surface of the ignition by sand or ground. These means absorb liquid. When it turns out to knock down the fire from the burning substance, immediately should begin to eliminate the flame from the surrounding items. Instead, shovels can be used, for example, a piece of plywood or a frying pan. These rules for using the primary means of fire extinguishing should be remembered.

What do not need to extinguish the fire?

The cat is necessary in order to isolate the burning area from the air. This method is quite effective, but is used only if the focus of the ignition is no different big sizes. Do not use synthetic fabrics in order to put out the fire. They will melt and decompose under the influence of fire. Toxic gases will be released. Synthetic decomposition products themselves are combustible materials. They can entail a sudden flare of fire.

Rules for using a special crane

The inner fire crane is necessary in order to put out the ignition of different objects. It is impossible to use marine elimination with electrical installationswhich are under voltage. Located a crane in a special cabinet. Complete with it there is a trunk and sleeve. They are connected to each other and with the valve. What are the rules for the use of primary fire extinguishing means to know in this situation? If ignition occurred, you will need to break the seal from the cabinet or get a special key from the storage location on the door and open it. After that, it is necessary to remove the sleeve that connects with the fire barrel, and send to the side where the fire occurred. By turning the flywheel of the valve as much as possible, it is necessary to put water and start eliminating the fire. Use the fire crane is best together. One person will make the start of water, and the second is to direct a jet from the trunk to the fire region.

Instructions for primary fire extinguishing means implies that it is impossible to use fire cranes when performing those works that are not related to fire extinguishing or with special training.

What are the means for extinguishing?

Each separately taken building should be provided by primary means to extinguish fire. In order to place them, special fire shields are applied. It is on them that such instruments like a fire extinguisher, fire scrap, Baggore, ax and buckets are attached. Near the shield should be installed a box in which sand and shovels will be located. Water barrel is also needed, the capacity of which is 200 liters.

An important element that should be in any room

Fire extinguishers include fire extinguishers. It is necessary to use if the focus of ignition arose. At any enterprise, regardless of its organizational and legal form, there must be funds by which the fire can be extended at the initial stage of its occurrence. It is recommended to each owner of an apartment, garage, cottages, at home to have a fire extinguisher.

What fire extinguishers can be used?

The use of primary fire extinguishing means, such as fire extinguishers, will depend on their type. On the modern stage Available a large number of Value for its own properties and field of application of the means of this species. But to use in everyday life in order to eliminate small fires, the best powder fire extinguishers. In order to bring them into action, it is required to break the seal first. After that, you need to pull the blocking retainer, which acts as a safety check. Then it is necessary to approach the hearth fire, send a fire extinguisher's nozzle and click on the launcher.

What should be known when extinguishing the hearth?

If you need to eliminate the fire outside the room, then the use of primary fire extinguishing agents, such as fire extinguishers, implies that it follows from the windward side. The distance from the fire to the person does not have to be less than the minimum length characteristic of a jet of the fire extinguishing agent. It should be noted that the wind can prevent fire elimination. He demolines the burning and fire extinguishing agent.

Impact on the focus of ignition is required, starting with the periphery, moving to the center. It follows quickly, not forgetting that the powder charge is limited.

Selection and placement of fire extinguishers in public buildings

The norms of primary fire extinguishing facilities that are associated with the choice and placement of fire extinguishers should be given. The main rules for public structures are as follows:

It is very important to understand that the appointment of primary fire extinguishing facilities, such as fire extinguishers, is not related to the economic needs that do not imply the elimination of foci of fire.

Selection and placement of fire extinguishers in vehicles

The primary means to extinguish fires are necessary for the protection of vehicles, which is capable of lighting up. Choosing such a kind of tools, you need to remember some basic rules.

Availability of fire extinguishing agents.

This article covered the main nuances that should be remembered. It is very important not only for the presence, but also the correct content of the primary means of fire extinguishing. From this will depend so much. After all, if at the time of lighting at hand it will not be, for example, a fire extinguisher, then you can incur not only material losses. It also arises a sufficiently serious danger to the life and health of people. We hope that this review helped to figure out what the primary means necessary for extinguishing fires are represented.

Primary fire extinguishing means - These are devices, tools and materials intended for localization and (or) elimination of sunbathing at the initial stage (fire extinguishers, inner fire crane, water, sand, cat, asbestos, bucket, shovel, etc.). These funds should always be ready and, as they say, at hand.

Water - The most common means for extinguishing fire. Fire extinguishing properties It is in the ability to cool the burning item, reduce the temperature of the flame. Being submitted on the burning center from above, the unfortunate part of the water wets and cools the surface of the burning item and, staining down, makes it difficult to sunbathe it, not covered by fire, parts.

Water electrically conductive, so it cannot be used to extinguish networks and stress settings.

It is forbidden to extinguish with water burning gasoline, kerosene, oils and other flammable and combustible fluids in a residential building, a garage or a barn. These liquids, being lighter than water, float to its surface and continue to burn, increasing the area of \u200b\u200bburning when water spreading. Therefore, for their extinguishing, except for fire extinguishers, sand, earth, soda, as well as use dense fabrics, wool blankets, coats moistened with water should be used.

Sand and earth It is successfully used to extinguish small foci of burning, including straits of combustible liquids (kerosene, gasoline, oil, resin, etc.). Using sand (land) to extinguish, you need to bring it in a bucket or on a shovel to the place of burning. Falling the sand mainly on the outer edge of the burning area, try to surround the place of burning, preventing further spreading fluid. Then, with the help of a shovel, you need to cover the burning surface of the sand layer, which absorbs the liquid. After the fire with a burning fluid is shot down, you need to immediately begin the cargo of burning surrounding items. As a last resort, instead of a shovel or a scoop, you can use a piece of plywood, baggage, pan, bucket for the sand fence.

Fire Shit.

Fire shield - Designed to accommodate primary fire extinguishing facilities, neverthent tools and fire equipment in production and warehousesnot equipped with internal fireproof water supply and automatic fire extinguishing installations. In the territory of enterprises (organizations), which do not have an outer fireproof water supply, or when removing buildings (structures), outdoor technological installations These enterprises are over a distance of more than 100 m from the outer firefighters, fire shields should be equipped. PSS is completed according to PPB 01-03, depending on the type of shield and a fire class.

Koshma Designed to insulate the focus of burning from air access. This method is very effective, but applies only with a small burning area.

It is impossible to use synthetic fabrics to extinguish the air, which are easily melted and decomposed under the influence of fire, highlighting toxic gases. Synthetic decomposition products are usually combustible and capable of sudden outbreak.

Inner fire faucet It is designed to extinguish the signbosses of substances and materials, except for electrical installations under voltage.

It is placed in a special locker, equipped with a barrel and sleeve connected to the crane. If you occur to air, you need to break the seal, or get the key from the storage location on the locker door, open the door, roll out the fire sleeve, after which it is connected to the barrel, sleeves and crane, if not done. Then with the maximum turn of the valve of the crane to put water into the sleeve and begin to extinguish the sunbathing. When entering the fire crane, it is recommended to operate together. While one person makes a start of water, the second leads the fire sleeve with a barrel to the location of the burning.

It is strictly forbidden to use internal fire cranes, as well as sleeves and trunks for work that are not related to the extinguishing of lighting and conducting training sessions.

Fire extinguisher - Portable or mobile device to extinguish fire foci due to release fire extinguishing substance. The manual fire extinguisher is usually a red-cylindrical balloon with a nozzle or tube. When the fire extinguisher is introduced from its nozzle under large pressure A substance begins to go out, able to put out the fire. Such a substance may be foam, water, any chemical compound as a powder, as well as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and other chemically inert gases. Fire extinguishers in Russia must be in all production rooms, and rules road Many countries oblige to keep the fire extinguisher in every car.

Fire extinguishers differ according to the principle of influence on the focus of the fire:

· Gas (carbon dioxide),

· Foam (chemical, chemical air-foam, air-foam, air-emulsion),

· Powder,

· Water.

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishersin which liquefied carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) is used as a fire extinguishing agent. Consist of a steel high-strength cylinder, in the neck of which a valve or pistol type, a siphon tube, which serves to supply carbon dioxide from the cylinder to the shut-off-building, and the sockets of the snowstavoring agent, are screwed down. Designed to extinguish various substances, except for those whose burning occurs without air access, as well as electrical installations under voltage up to 380 V.

To actuate the carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-2, OU-5, OU-8, it is necessary to send a society-snow-based society to the fire center and replete to the failure of the flywheel or press the locking and starting device lever. When moving carbon dioxide from liquid state In the gaseous volume there is an increase in its volume of 400-500 times, accompanied by a sharp cooling to the temperature of -72 ° C and partial crystallization; In order to avoid frostbite, it is impossible to touch the metal squabble. The flame effect effect is achieved in two ways: a decrease in the temperature of the focus of ignition below the point of ignition and the displacement of oxygen from the combustion zone by non-combustible carbon dioxide.

Powder fire extinguishers (OP-1, OP-2, OP-3, OP-4, OP-8) are charged with fire extinguishing powder and are injected with inert gas (this may be nitrogen, carbon dioxide) or air under pressure of approximately 16 atm. This type of fire extinguisher is quenched: if the type of powder BUT, In, s, e - burning solids, burning liquids, flammable gases, electrical wiring under low voltage up to 1000 V, if the type of powder B, C - small fires of liquids and gases in easily accessible places. To actuate the powder fire extinguisher, you must click on the starting lever and direct the stream of the powder to the focus of burning through a vykutka, releasing the handle, stop its feed.

Advantage this type The fire extinguisher is an internal pressure indicator mounted on a fire extinguisher head and showing its performance (green sector scale) in contrast to all other types of fire extinguishers.

Fire extinguishers, internal fire cranes, fire shields with inventory and sandboxes are the primary means of fire extinguishing. The use of these means to extinguish the fire is allowed only when knowledge and compliance with fire safety instructions.

Fire extinguishers

Powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, about 3 l. Will help to cope with open flame and with the fire of electrical appliances under stress.

Fire crane

Fire cranes are designed to extinguish a fire and sunbathing in the initial stage of occurrence, as well as to extinguish developing fires as an aid in addition to jets supplied from fire engines. It is placed in a special locker, equipped with a barrel, a sleeve connected to the crane.

Water

Water is the most common means for extinguishing fire. Its fire extinguishing properties are mainly in the ability to cool the burning object, reduce the temperature of the flame. Being submitted to the focus of burning from above, the unfortunate part of the water wets and cools the surface of the burning object and, staining down, it makes it difficult to sunbathe it with the rest, unwrapped with fire parts.

Soda and washing powder

The food soda is part of the powder used in fire extinguishing powder systems. It penshes oxygen from the burning focus to the extracted carbon dioxide. The washing powder and salt isolate ignition from oxygen, thereby contributing to the attenuation.

Floral pot

Sand and land are successfully used to extinguish small foci of burning, including spills of combustible liquids (kerosene, gasoline, oil, resin, etc.). Extinguish the ignition at home you can use the ground from flower pot, especially if it is wet.

Woolen Plaid

A dense instextic cloth also acts as a cat. Shelled to fire it localizes burning in the initial stage of the fire, by overlapping the access of oxygen.

The faster the fire was found and extended, the greater the chances of preventing serious consequences of the fire. With a slight fire in the initial stage, you can cope with a glass of water, lemonade, juice. To exit the critical situation, it is important to think in advance its actions, to know which of the remedies you can take advantage of fire extinguishing.

• Water for a long time is used to extinguish fires. It is also available inexpensive. When water falls on a burning item, it cools it, and the resulting steam prevents oxygen to the burning area. But it is necessary to remember that water can not be tested under stress. You can only start the water to be completely de-energized the devices. It is also impossible to extinguish with water burning flammable liquids as their density is less than the density of water. Gasoline, oil, kerosene float to the surface of the water and continuing to burn dissolve the area of \u200b\u200bfire. And splitting burning splashes can apply to you serious burns.
• Soda part of the charge powder fire extinguishers There are almost every kitchen. If it gets into the fire, it highlights carbon dioxide, displacing oxygen from the place of ignition. Soda can be extinguished by electrical appliances.
• Cooking salt and washing powder when burning on a burning item will help isolate it from oxygen to help put out fire.
• Earth Is flower Gorshkov Correct with a little fire in the apartment. Sand and land are often used to extinguish the fires of the sheds of the sheds, therefore sandboxes are mandatory with the equipment of gas stations and garage cooperatives.
• Dense fabric, non-content plaid with an embroicement to the fire will block the oxygen access to the hearth and helps to put out. If clothes on a person caught fire, then the covering of its cloth can be knocked down the flame. It should be remembered that in such cases should not cover the person with a cloth with a head.

Primary fire extinguishing means

The primary fire safety facilities include fire extinguishers, inner fire cranes, fire shields with inventors and sandboxes. The use of primary fire extinguishing tools is allowed only when knowledge and compliance with fire safety instructions.

Features of the use of fire extinguishers when extinguishing fires

For effective use Fire extinguishers need not only to comply with the requirements of the instruction for this type of fire extinguisher, but also soberly assess the situation for a particular type of fire. In advance, examine the instructions for the fire extinguisher. The types of fire extinguishers are determined on the basis of the places of their installation and types of materials and substances that may be exposed to fire.

It is necessary to approach the hearth ignition so as not to get under the influence of fire and smoke. With windy weather, it is necessary to fit with the windward side.

The stream of fire extinguishing agent from the fire extinguisher must be sent not to the languages \u200b\u200bof the flame, but on the burning substance.

When the firefish is located in hard to reach place, It is necessary to direct the stream from the fire extinguisher so that it does not disseminate obstacles. Assessing the situation, you can use a hanging wall or a thick pipe as a "screen", which allows spraying the fire extinguishing agent throughout the area of \u200b\u200bfire focus.

If the focus of ignition has large square and there are several fire extinguishers, then if you have necessary number People are more efficient to use several fire extinguishers at once, and not to use them in turn.

It should be remembered that when the flame can be broken again. It is necessary to extinguish the hearth to complete termination.

After use, all fire extinguishers are subject to replacement or recharge.

Fire crane

Internal fire cranes are installed in residential, production, administrative buildings. It is necessary to monitor their safety, as the lives of people often depend on this. A configuration of the fire crane is often unplaced with non-ferrous metal hunters, teens.

Fire taps are used not only to extinguish fires at an early stage of development, but in addition to the jets of water supplied from fire brigades.

The fire crane located in the cabinet includes a valve connected to a fire sleeve and fire trunk.

If the fire occurs, you need to cut a seal or get the key from the window on the door, open the cabinet, roll out the sleeve. Check the connection of the crane with the sleeve and barrel and then open the valve, turning it counterclockwise until it stops.

For the convenience of using the fire crane, it is recommended to operate together. One opens the cabinet door. The second taking the trunk in leftAnd the right holding the fire sleeve runs to the fire hearth. After laying the sleeves, the first person opens the fire crane and includes a pump button (if it is available), launching water to the fire hearth.

Working with the trunk, it is necessary to take a position that allows you to see the focus of ignition. It should be advisable to spread fire. A stream of water is sent to the fire center. Burning vertical surfaces extinguished from top to bottom.

If one person's fire crane will work, then you first need to pave the sleeve to the place of fire, then return to the crane and open it. Then quickly return to the heart rate and start quenching.

Fire cranes are subject to technical inspection immediately before acceptance and no less often than 1 time per year are checked on the performance of water start. The result of the inspection fits into the log.

Fire shield

On the fire shield are placed primary means of fire extinguishing and inventory. Just like fire cabinets need to be protected from unstashes. It is forbidden to take the inventory from the fire shield for use not by appointment.

Standard equipment of the fire shield includes scrap, shovel, Baggore, two conical buckets and two fire extinguishers.

Fire bars and scrap are used when steaming fires for disassembling roofing, walls, rafters, partitions and other parts of buildings, as well as for the popping of burning materials from the fireplace.

Fireman shovel is used to extinguish or localize weak stall fires By falling asleep the focus of fire with soil or sand, as well as for clearing the fire seats and dragging the burning materials.

Fire cone bucket is intended for delivery by hand or sand to the place of ignition.

The fireproof (cat) canvas is intended for localization of fires in the initial stage, by overlapping the access of oxygen. Wrapped the cloth around the victim, ensures the extinguishing of the body and man's clothing. Provides combustible structures and equipment when conducting fireworks. Gently folded fiberglass panels are packaged into a red or other color container. Containers are hanging on a fire shield. The cat is quickly driven by a working status, for which it is necessary to open the valve at the bottom of the container and for two sewn knobs pull and open the cloth.

A box with sand is installed next to the fire shield.

Fire shields should be placed in industrial and warehouses that are not equipped with internal fire fighting water supply and automatic fire extinguishing installations. Garage cooperative, car parking and garden partnerships should also be equipped with a fire shield.

Primary fire extinguishing means are those tools that will help cope with the initial staging of fire. To use them, you do not need to have special skills or undergo training. Of course, if the element was swirling, it is not necessary to hope that it will be possible to do only on our own and alone remedies. And yet, if you have noticed a starting fire in time, you can try to use these funds on its liquidation or suspension before the arrival of firefighters.

Requirements for placement

Primary fire extinguishing means are located in, fire shields and fire stands. All public institutions, offices, hospitals must be equipped with them.

The primary means of fire extinguishing include fire extinguishers, a cat, and also various shovels, baccor, scrap. And they can be divided into the following categories:

• fire extinguishes;
• fire extinguishing materials;
• fire inventory and fire equipment.

In determining the number of necessary fire extinguishing tools, it is based on the settlement of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the properties of combustible materials. Therefore, in each particular case, an individual calculation is performed.

Fire extinguishes

The most popular of stewing substances are water and sand. Water at its evaporation is well cooled by the focus of fire, as well as, absorbing into the surface, can prevent the promotion of fire. Therefore, water can be extinguished with almost any substance that does not interact with it. And on this principle was developed for extinguishing simple types of fire.

But there are also substances that react with water. These include alkaline earth metals of type sodium and potassium. When entering into cooperation, they begin to highlight explosive hydrogen, which increases their burning. Therefore, other types of fire extinguisher are used to extinguish such metals.

In addition, it is impossible to extinguish objects under voltage, because it does good electric current. When wiring and getting wiring and hitting it, a short circuit is possible. Since the jet reduces the resistance and can close, become a current conductor. Such fires belong to the Framework E and for their extinguishing, carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers are used.

Also, all flammable liquids is prohibited to extinguish water. On the surface of the water, these liquids form oily stains that will continue to burn and spread along with water, covering the increasing area. But to extinguish the flammable liquids, the Earth or Sand is suitable. Fire Shields SHP-B and SHP-E (for Class B and E Fire categories) Compounded Box with sand.

For effective extinguishing, there is an oily liquid (gasoline, kerosene, etc.), first surround the perimeter of sand, so that the fire does not move to neighboring sites. After that, the center of the fireplace should be carefully filled with sand, which will help to block oxygen access and absorb liquid.

Fire extinguishing materials

A cat, coarse cloth helps limit the hearth ignition. The size of the canvase is usually 1 m 2, so its application will be useful if the fire focus will not have a large area. For premises where the flammable liquids are stored, the size of the web can be enlarged.

Store the canvas in metal cases, and ventilate, cleaned from dust and dried 1 time in 3 months.

Fire Tools and Inventory

Fire instrument and inventory include those things that you can find on fire stands and shields. These include Bagg, scrap, shovel, ax, bucket, etc.

This tool helps to disassemble a smoldering design during a fire or open the door, thus save someone's life. And as inventory, objects that help in the delivery of the fire extinguishing agent can perform. It is installed next to the bench. It can be a sandbox, a barrel with water.

Fire equipment

The fire equipment can be attributed to the fire equipment, consisting of fire crane, fire sleeves and fire trunk. When fire, it is necessary from the fire cabinet to consistently disconnect the fire barrel, fire sleeve and turn the valve of the crane. This design can help eliminate both small fire and to become a significant assistant on the inner fireproof water supply.

In addition, there is an opportunity to extinguish a fire with a fire extinguisher. This is a device that is equipped with a certain margin of fire extinguishing agent. There are several types of fire extinguisher, which can be charged with carbon dioxide, powder, foam or other chemical compound. And how to bring some particular type of device into action is indicated on the label.