Adjustment of the pressure switch of the pumping station whirlwind. How to properly adjust the water station. Setting up a pumping station in detail. Things to keep in mind before getting started

When organizing a water supply system at home, not only a pump is needed, but also automation to ensure its operation. One of the necessary devices is a water pressure switch. This small device turns on the pump when the pressure in the system drops and turns it off when the threshold is reached. The value of the on and off parameters can be adjusted. About how this device is arranged, how to connect it and how to regulate it - in the article.

Purpose and device

So that the water supply system of a private house is supported constant pressure, two devices are needed - a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch. Both of these devices are connected to the pump through the pipeline - the pressure switch is located in the middle between the pump and the accumulator. Most often it is located in the immediate vicinity of this tank, but some models can be installed on the pump housing (even submersible). Let's understand the purpose of these devices and how the system works.

A hydraulic accumulator is a container divided by an elastic pear or membrane into two halves. In one, air is under some pressure, in the second, water is pumped. The water pressure in the accumulator and the amount of water that can be pumped there is regulated by the amount of air pumped. The more air, the higher the pressure maintained in the system. But at the same time, less water can be pumped into the tank. Usually it is possible to pump no more than half of the volume into the container. That is, it will be possible to pump no more than 40-50 liters into a hydraulic accumulator with a volume of 100 liters.

For normal operation household appliances require a range of 1.4 atm - 2.8 atm. To support such a framework, a pressure switch is required. It has two operation limits - upper and lower. When the lower limit is reached, the relay starts the pump, it pumps water into the accumulator, and the pressure in it (and in the system) increases. When the pressure in the system reaches the upper limit, the relay turns off the pump.

In a circuit with a hydroaccumulator, for some time water is consumed from the tank. When enough flows out so that the pressure drops to the lower threshold, the pump will turn on. That's how this system works.

Pressure switch device

This device consists of two parts - electrical and hydraulic. The electrical part is a group of contacts that closes and opens on / off the pump. The hydraulic part is a membrane that exerts pressure on the metal base and springs (large and small) with which the pump on / off pressure can be changed.

The hydraulic outlet is located on the back of the relay. It could be the release external thread or with a nut like an American. The second option is more convenient during installation - in the first case, you either need to look for an adapter with a union nut right size or twist the device itself, winding it onto the thread, and this is not always possible.

The electrical inputs are also located on the back of the case, and the terminal block itself, where the wires are connected, is hidden under the cover.

Species and varieties

There are two types of water pressure switches: mechanical and electronic. Mechanical ones are much cheaper and usually prefer them, while electronic ones are mostly brought to order.

The difference in prices in different stores is more than significant. Although, as usual, when buying cheap copies, there is a risk of running into a fake.

Connecting the water pressure switch

The water pressure switch for the pump is connected immediately to two systems: to electricity and plumbing. It is installed permanently, since there is no need to move the device.

Electrical part

To connect a pressure switch, a dedicated line is not required, but desirable - there are more chances that the device will work longer. A cable with a solid copper core with a cross section of at least 2.5 square meters should go from the shield. mm. It is desirable to install a bunch of automatic + RCD or difavtomat. The parameters are selected according to the current and depend more on the characteristics of the pump, since the water pressure switch consumes very little current. The circuit must have grounding - the combination of water and electricity creates a zone of increased danger.

Scheme of connecting the water pressure switch to

Cables are brought into special inputs on the back side of the case. There is a terminal block under the cover. It has three pairs of contacts:

• grounding - the corresponding conductors coming from the shield and from the pump are connected;
• terminals line or "line" - for connecting phase and neutral wire from the shield;
• terminals for similar wires from the pump (usually on the block located above).

The connection is standard - the conductors are stripped of insulation, inserted into the connector, tightened with a clamping bolt. Pulling on the conductor, check whether it is securely clamped. After 30-60 minutes, the bolts can be tightened, since copper - soft material and contact may be weakened.

Pipe connection

There is different ways connection of the water pressure switch to plumbing system. Most convenient option- installation of a special adapter with all the required outlets - a five-pin fitting. The same system can be assembled from other fittings, just ready-made version always use flatter.

It is screwed onto a pipe on the back of the case, a hydraulic accumulator is connected to the other outlets, a supply hose from the pump and a line that goes into the house. You can also install a mud sump and a pressure gauge.

A pressure gauge is a necessary thing - to control the pressure in the system, to monitor the settings of the relay. Mudguard - too desired device, but it can be installed separately on the pipeline from the pump. There, in general, a whole is desirable

With this scheme, at a high flow rate, water is supplied directly to the system - bypassing the accumulator. It begins to fill up after all the taps in the house are closed.

Water pressure switch adjustment

Consider the process of adjusting the most popular instance - RDM-5. They let him out different factories. Adjustment limits vary, as different sizes of water pipes require different pressures. This device leaves the factory with a basic setting. Usually it is 1.4-1.5 atm - the lower threshold and 2.8-2.9 atm - the upper threshold. If some parameter does not suit you, you can reconfigure it as required. Such a procedure is usually necessary when installing a hot tub: a standard pressure of 2.5-2.9 atm is not enough for the desired effect. In most other cases, reconfiguration is not required.

The RDM-5 water pressure switch has two springs that regulate the pump off / on threshold. These springs differ in size and purpose:

• large regulates the limits (immediately upper and lower);
• a small one changes the delta - the gap between the upper and lower borders.

The parameters are changed when tightening or loosening the nuts on the springs. If you tighten the nuts, the pressure increases, if you loosen it, it drops. There is no need to turn the nuts strongly one turn - this is a change of about 0.6-0.8 atm, and this is usually a lot.

How to determine relay thresholds

The threshold for turning on the pump (and the lower pressure threshold on the water pressure switch) are related to the pressure in the air part of the accumulator - the minimum pressure in the system should be 0.1-0.2 atm higher. For example, if the pressure in the tank is 1.4 atm, the shutdown threshold is 1.6 atm. With these parameters, the tank membrane will last longer. But in order for the pump to work under normal conditions, look at its characteristics. It also has a lower pressure threshold. So, it should not be higher than the selected value (below or equal). Based on these three parameters, you select the switching threshold.

By the way, the pressure in the accumulator must be checked before setting - there are significant deviations from the declared parameters. Under removable lid(in different models it looks and is located in different places) the nipple is hidden. Through it, you can connect a pressure gauge (you can use a car or the one you have) and see the actual pressure. By the way, it can be adjusted through the same nipple - increase or decrease if necessary.

The upper threshold - pump shutdown - is set automatically during adjustment. The relay in the initial state is set to some kind of pressure difference (delta). This difference is usually 1.4-1.6 atm. So if you set the inclusion, for example, to 1.6 atm, the shutdown threshold will be automatically set to 3.0-3.2 atm (depending on the relay settings). If you need more high pressure(raise water to the second floor, for example, or the system has many draw-off points), you can increase the shutdown threshold. But there are limitations:

• The parameters of the relay itself. The upper limit is fixed and in household models usually does not exceed 4 atm. It just won't work anymore.
• The upper limit of the pump pressure. This parameter is also fixed and the pump must be turned off at least 0.2-0.4 atm before the declared characteristic. For example, the upper pressure threshold of the pump is 3.8 atm, the shutdown threshold on the water pressure switch should not be higher than 3.6 atm. But in order for the pump to work for a long time and without overloads, it is better to make a larger difference - overloads have a too bad effect on the life.

That's all for choosing the settings of the water pressure switch. In practice, when setting up the system, you have to adjust the selected parameters in one direction or another, because you need to choose everything so that all draw-off points work normally, including household appliances. Therefore, it is often said that the parameters are chosen by the “scientific poke” method.

Setting the water pressure switch for a pump or pumping station

To set up the system, you will need a reliable pressure gauge, the readings of which can be trusted. It is connected to the system near the pressure switch.

The adjustment process consists in twisting two springs: large and small. If you need to raise or lower the lower threshold (turn on the pump), turn the nut on the large spring. If you turn it clockwise, the pressure rises, counter-clockwise - it falls. Turn by a very small value - half a turn or so.

The sequence of actions is as follows:

• The system is started, the pressure gauge monitors at what pressure the pump turned on and turned off.
• Press or release the large spring.
• They turn on and check the parameters (at what pressure it turned on, at what pressure it turned off). Both values ​​are shifted by the same amount.
• If necessary, make adjustments (adjust the large spring again).
• After the lower threshold is set as you want to see it, proceed to adjust the pump shutdown threshold. To do this, press or lower a small spring. Do not turn the nut on it too much - half a turn is usually enough.
• Turn the system back on and look at the results. If everything suits, they stop there.

What else do you need to know about adjusting the water pressure switch? That not all models have the ability to change the delta, so look carefully when buying. There is a pressure switch for the pump in a moisture- and dust-proof housing. They can be placed in a pit, some models can be installed directly on the pump housing if it has such an outlet.

In some water pressure switches there is also an idle (dry) relay, in general this device is in a separate case, but there are also combined ones. Idling protection is necessary so that the pump does not break if suddenly there is no water in the well or well. Some pumps have built-in protection of this type, for others they buy and install relays separately.

Modern homes are provided with water through a complex pumping system. The pressure in it can reach enormous values, and if the pressure is too high, the system can be deformed.

To prevent such cases, there is a special device - the pressure switch of the pumping station.

1 Purpose

The pressure switch is a special device that controls a number of parameters in the system. It works after reaching the upper pressure level, after which the pump is turned off. The main working mechanism is a movable spring group.

Also, the device helps to regulate the level of pressure, lower or increase it. More advanced and expensive models have additional functions, such as: different kinds descent, connectors for connecting an additional pump, various indicators, your own pressure gauge, temperature control.

1.1 Working principle

The spring group, the main part, is subjected to a force. With too much pressure, the spring stretches, touches the electrical contact.

This contact is connected to a sensor that, when triggered, gives a signal to stop the pump. Spring tension is adjusted by special nuts that help set the upper and lower compression limits.

2 Scope

Now there are several types of such devices:

• water pressure switch for pumping system;
• air pressure switch for compressor;
• charging voltage relay for devices.

According to the principle of operation, the first two devices are exactly the same.

The first device is also called the water flow apparatus. The first type controls the compression of the water of the pumping system, thereby protecting it from excessive pressure. In such systems, it is connected to a hydraulic accumulator. A hydraulic accumulator is a special container where the pump pumps water, which then enters the water system under pressure. It is important to install the device close to the hydraulic accumulator for more correct and accurate operation. Without this component, autonomous operation of the pumping station is impossible.

Relay on air pump acts in a similar way, but it is attached to the compressor. Air pumps are powerful, and if not controlled, the system can break from the inside. In such a system, it is installed closer to the pump for better performance.

3 Installation in a water system

An incorrectly installed device does not turn the pump on and off. It is installed in front of the accumulator. This improves the accuracy of his work. To begin with, the device is connected to the pumping system, after which it is put into action. You need to connect tightly so that the setting is more accurate.

4 Installation instructions

You need to do the following:

5 Adjusting the water flow

Since water systems are popular in everyday life, it is important to know how to set up a water pressure switch. This will help to efficiently use the resources of the pumping system, as well as keep it in working condition for a long time. The following describes how to adjust the water pressure switch with your own hands.

The device has 2 main limiters: for upper and for lower pressure. The lower one is the indicator at which the pump turns on. Top - at which it turns off. These two indicators are regulated with the help of special nuts on the body of the device. screw bigger size responsible for the top, less - for the bottom.

When buying, it has standard settings, where the top is set at around 2.5 atmospheres, and the bottom is 1.5 atmospheres. However, these values ​​\u200b\u200bcan be changed by adjusting it to the individual characteristics of the pumping station with your own hands, because a factory-configured switch is not always suitable for the needs of the consumer.

By adjusting the device, air pressure should be created in the hydraulic accumulator of the pumping system. To do this, you can use a car pump. After the necessary parameters have been created, you can start setting up the water flow switch with your own hands.

When setting up a water level switch with your own hands, you need to remember the following points:

• to increase the pressure, the nuts must be rotated clockwise, to decrease - against;
• the hydraulic accumulator can burst if the pressure is too high. Do not exceed the upper pressure limit. This value can be found on the packaging of the accumulator;
• hoses and taps also have their own pressure limit;
• set the settings should be based on the capabilities of the pump. The pump may simply not be able to do its job;
• if the gap between high and low compression is large, then the accumulator will contain a lot of water, and the pump will turn on little. However, this option will create differences in water pressure;
• in the opposite situation, when the difference between high and low compression is small, the head will be constant. However, the pump will run continuously.

With proper configuration, the device will provide the entire system with a constant and uninterrupted pressure of water, save the pump's electricity. The correct setting ensures long service devices.

5.1 How to set the pressure switch? (video)

6 Malfunctions

During operation, the most common problems can be fixed by hand. These are problems from the category: “the pump does not turn on or off”, “does not work”, “does not turn off, turn off”, etc. Below are descriptions of these problems and how to solve them. If the device is not configured correctly, it may not work.

6.1 Problem: when the upper mark is reached, the pump does not turn off

There can be many reasons why the device does not turn off the pump. The main ones are:

1. Incorrect setting of the upper pressure regulator.
2. Top adjuster spring failure.
3. Unstable voltage in the network.
4. Depressurization of the hydraulic accumulator.
5. Breakdown of the electronic system.

In the first two cases, it is possible to repair the malfunction with your own hands, in the latter you need to give the device into the hands of a specialist or make a replacement.

If the upper pressure regulator is set incorrectly, when the pressure is set too high, the pump will work constantly. To correct this problem, you need to reset the machine.

The spring may break and the high pressure will not stretch it and therefore the contacts will not close. The mechanism that connects the nut and spring may also break. Fortunately, the spring has a simple design, unlike the electronic filling of the device, and it will not be difficult to replace it. Accessories can be purchased at hardware stores.

Since this is an electronic device, voltage drops affect it. They can cause arbitrary switching on and off of the pumping system. If you suspect a breakdown, check the stability of the voltage.

Depressurization of the accumulator leads to a loss of pressure in the system. The device does not turn off the pump, and it continues to pump water. To prevent this situation, carefully monitor the sealing of the pumping system.

The stuffing of the relay is quite complex device, which is designed to turn off the pump. When it breaks self repair impossible. In this case, the master must configure the relay. Replacement is also a good option, the relay is not very expensive. If you decide to replace the installed relay, pay attention to the RDM 5 pressure switch, whose cost does not exceed 1000 rubles. More cheap option– pressure switch RM 5.

6.2 Problem: The relay turns off the pump even when the pressure has not reached the highest level

The causes and solutions for this problem are the same as the previous one.

6.3 Problem: something constantly clicks in the water flow switch

There are only two reasons for this malfunction: there is not enough air pressure in the hydraulic tank or the membrane is torn.

If there is no pressure in the accumulator, it is necessary to re-inject air there, after adjusting the relay, as described above.

The membrane is installed in front of the hole where water from the system enters. When it breaks, the pressure of the water causes it to beat against the walls of the pipe, thereby making a click sound. It can be easily replaced by disassembling the device. After replacement, you need to configure the relay of the pumping station with your own hands. How to adjust the pressure switch, said above.

• carefully monitor the sealing of the water system;
• competent adjustment will ensure a constant pressure of water and energy savings;
• check the compression in the accumulator at least once every six months;
• use an accurate pressure gauge to set the pressure;
• do not pump the accumulator. The maximum pressure for it is written in the instructions;
• watch the insulation of electrical contacts, as they are near water;
• if you are not sure that you can set the pressure switch yourself, use the services of a professional. This will save you time and money.

8 DIY relay

If there is a need to make a water flow switch with your own hands, then it makes sense to use a flow switch from a gas column for this purpose. The rod must press the micro switch, which turns on the pump. But in order for the system to work for a long time and meet safety requirements, it is still better to purchase the device in a specialized store.

The water pump relay is a device that controls the pressure level and provides autonomous operation in the water system. That is why, with proper operation, its service life is significantly increased.

Setting up a pressure switch for a pumping station with your own hands is an important procedure. The correct setting ensures a stable water pressure and saves electricity, which is consumed to power the pump.

If there is a faulty contact, then the device should be replaced. Most of the common malfunctions can be fixed by hand without contacting the master. Repair of the pressure switch of the pumping station is easy to carry out at home.

The pressure switch is one of the important parts of the pumping station. It is responsible for the operation of the pump at certain pressure values. The relay needs to be adjusted periodically. To do this, you should know how it works, its principle of operation and technical characteristics.

Regardless of its small size, the relay significantly extends the life of the pump, and also ensures the high-quality operation of the pumping station.

Peculiarities

Buying pumping station, many want to immediately get acquainted with its device. Each element is important. Directly for turning off and on the pump when certain pressure values ​​\u200b\u200bin the hydraulic tank are reached, the pressure switch is responsible.

The pressure switch is an element that regulates the water supply in the system. The relay turns on and off the entire pumping system. It is the relay that regulates the water pressure.

According to the principle of operation, relays are divided into electronic and mechanical. It is easier to use electronic relays in terms of operation, but the service life of mechanical relays is longer. Therefore, mechanical relays are in great demand.

Relays can be either initially built into the pumping station, or go separately. Thus, according to the characteristics, you can easily select a relay for effective work pumping system.

Water inevitably contains foreign particles, and they are the main reason for the failure of electronic relays. Therefore, it is better to use a special separate filter for water purification. The main advantage of using an electronic relay is that it prevents the pumping station from running idle. After turning off the water supply, the electronic device continues to work for some time. In addition, such relays are easier to configure and install.

Often, pressure sensors immediately have factory settings. As a rule, they are set to 1.5-1.8 atmospheres to turn on, and 2.5-3 atmospheres to turn off. The maximum allowable pressure value for the relay is 5 atmospheres. However, not every system can withstand it. If the pressure is too high, it can cause leaks, wear of the pump diaphragm and other malfunctions.

The initial adjustment is not always suitable for certain operating conditions of the station, and then you have to adjust the relay yourself. Of course, for proper adjustment, it is best to become more familiar with what this small device is and how it works.

Device principle

The most common mechanical pressure switch of a pumping station is a metal plate with a contact group on top, two spring-loaded regulators and connection terminals. The membrane cover is installed on the bottom of the metal plate. It directly covers the membrane and the piston attached to it. And also on the lid threaded connection for installation on the adapter, which is located on the pumping equipment. All of the above construction details are covered with a plastic cover.

On the working part of the regulator, this cover is fixed with screws.

It can be removed if necessary using wrench or a screwdriver.

Relays can have a different configuration, shape, and even differ in the location of some elements or the connection diagram. There are relays with additional protective elements, which keep the device when running "dry" and allow you to protect the motor from overheating.

For the water supply of a private house, station designs are used in which RM-5 or its foreign analogues act as a pressure regulator. Such a model of the pressure switch inside has a movable plate and two springs on its opposite sides. The plate is moved by the water pressure in the system using a membrane. By turning the clamping nut of one or another spring block you can change up or down the limits at which the relay operates. The springs, as it were, help to ensure that the water pressure displaces the plate.

The mechanism is made in such a way that when the plate is displaced, several groups of contacts open or close. If we consider the scheme of work, then it will be as follows. When turned on, the pump supplies water to the accumulator. Power is supplied to the motor through the closed relay contacts. This increases the water pressure in the tank.

When the pressure reaches the value set by the upper limit springs, the mechanism is activated, the contact opens, and the pump is turned off. The liquid from the pipeline does not flow back into the well due to the check valve. As the water is used, the pear becomes empty, the pressure drops, and then the lower parameter spring is activated, which closes the contacts, including the pump. Then the cycle repeats.

During the operation of the entire pumping station, the operation of the pressure switch is as follows:

• a tap with water opens, and it comes from a filled hydraulic tank;
• in the system, the pressure begins to decrease, and the membrane presses on the piston;
• contacts close and the pump turns on;
• water enters the consumer, and when the tap closes, it fills the hydraulic tank;
• when water is drawn into the hydraulic tank, pressure rises, it acts on the membrane, and it, in turn, on the piston, and the contacts open,
• the pump stops working.

The relay settings also determine how often the pump will turn on, the water pressure, and the service life of the entire system as a whole. If the parameters are set incorrectly, the pump will not work correctly.

Training

The relay should only be adjusted after checking the air pressure in the accumulator. To do this, you should better understand how this very hydraulic accumulator (hydraulic tank) works. It is a hermetically sealed container. The main working part of the container is a rubber pear into which water is drawn. The other part is the metal case of the accumulator. The space between the body and the pear is filled with pressurized air.

The pear in which water accumulates is connected to the water supply system. Due to the air in the hydraulic tank, the pear with water is compressed, which allows you to maintain the pressure in the system at a certain level. Thus, when a tap with water is opened, it moves through the pipeline under pressure, while the pump does not turn on.

Before checking the air pressure in the hydraulic tank, it is necessary to disconnect the pumping station from the network, and drain all the water from the hydraulic accumulator tank. Next, open the side cover on the tank, find the nipple and use a bicycle or car pump with a pressure gauge to measure the pressure. Well, if its value is about 1.5 atmospheres.

In the event that the result obtained is of a lower value, then the pressure is raised to the desired value using the same pump. It is worth recalling that the air in the tank must always be under pressure.

For a hydraulic tank with a volume of 20-25 liters, it is better to set the pressure in the range of 1.4-1.7 atmospheres, with a volume of 50-100 liters - 1.7-1.9 atmospheres.

When using a pumping station, it is important to periodically check the air pressure in the hydraulic tank.(about once a month or at least every three months), and if necessary, pump it up. These manipulations will allow the accumulator membrane to work longer. But also, the tank should not be empty for too long without water, as this can lead to drying out of the walls.

After adjusting the pressure in the accumulator, it happens that the pumping station stops working in normal mode. This means that the pressure switch should be adjusted directly.

How to set up with your own hands?

When starting the well pump and station, the relay setting is very important. And it must be done correctly.

Despite the fact that the pressure switch immediately already comes with factory settings, the best option further checks and adjustments will be made. Before you start adjusting the relay, it is worth finding out what the values ​​recommended by the manufacturer are in order to set the allowable pressure values. However, it must be borne in mind that the failure of the pumping station due to incorrect settings is a non-warranty case.

When making calculations of the permissible values ​​​​of the pressure of operation and shutdown of automation, the manufacturer takes into account possible features operation. Moreover, this is done when developing parameters for the work.

When selecting them, the following data are taken into account:

• required pressure in the highest section of the water supply;
• the difference in height between the pump and the highest section of water extraction;
• possible pressure drop during water transfer.

Before adjusting, you need to prepare tools in the form of a set of screwdrivers and wrenches. Usually the relay cover is made black so that it does not merge with the entire accumulator. Under the cover are two springs that act as a regulator. Each spring has a nut.

It should be noted that the size of the upper spring is larger, and the nut on it regulates the shutdown pressure. It is also sometimes referred to as the letter "R". A small nut on the bottom spring allows you to adjust the pressure difference. The designation of a small nut is in the form of "ΔP" (delta P).

It is worth remembering that the accuracy of the settings made is best checked by the pressure gauge that is built into the system. To ensure more accurate settings, it is important to compare the obtained values ​​\u200b\u200bwith those indicated in the passport of the pumping station. Be careful not to exceed the maximum values.

To raise the pressure value at which the station will turn off, the “P” nut is tightened clockwise, and to decrease it, counterclockwise. Often, next to the nut, the designations in the form of "+" and "-" are affixed. The rotation of the nut must be carried out slowly, less than a turn at a time. It is useful to remember that with a larger value of "P" there will be more water in the pear, which means that the pump will turn on less often.

Before proceeding directly to setting up the relay, you should at least understand a little how the pumping station works as a whole. The hydraulic accumulator contains a rubber bulb and air. The pump pumps water from the well into the pear. It is filled with water, air is compressed, and pressure is created on the walls.

Adjusting the pressure switch allows you to independently set the tank filling limit, that is, the moment when the pump should turn off. The pressure in the system is displayed on the pressure gauge. It is worth noting that water will not flow into the well due to the check valve.

When the tap in the house opens, the water leaves the pear with a pressure equal to the set pressure. The water from the pear is consumed, and the pressure decreases, and when it reaches the lower threshold, the pump will turn on.

When assembling the pumping station, the pressure switch is connected between the outlet fitting of the hydraulic tank and check valve on the pipeline. When assembling, it is best to use a five-point fitting, which has a thread for the main parts, including a pressure gauge. Very important in right order install check valve and fitting. Otherwise, it will be difficult to adjust the pressure switch.

It is worth noting that the composition of the pumping station, in addition to the relay, may also include a "dry running" sensor, as well as frequency converter if necessary.

The air pressure in the hydraulic tank has been checked and has an optimal value, all filters in the system are new or replaced, which means that you can start setting up the pressure switch. First you need to turn off the pump, then drain the water from the pipeline by opening the lowest tap if possible. After using a wrench or screwdriver, you must remove plastic case with relay. Turn on the pump and let the system fill with water.

After the relay is activated and the pump is turned off, record the value displayed on the pressure gauge. It is this value that is the upper pressure limit. Next, you need to partially open the valve located at the highest possible section of the system. In the case of a single-level water extraction system, it is necessary to open the tap furthest from the pump.

When the pressure drops to a certain value, the pump will start. At this point, it is necessary to record the data using a pressure gauge. We get the value of the lower pressure. If we subtract it from the upper pressure recorded earlier, we get the value current difference relay pressure.

However, in addition to the pressure value, it is necessary to check whether sufficient water pressure is created in the highest and most distant tap of the system. If it is weak, then it is necessary to increase the value of the lower pressure. First, the device is disconnected from the mains, and then the nut, which is located on the larger spring, is tightened. In case of strong pressure, the nut is loosened to reduce it.

Now you can adjust the relay pressure difference found above. Usually, 1.4 atmospheres is considered the optimal value. With less, the water supply will be more uniform, but the pump will turn on more often, which reduces the life of the system.

With a relay pressure difference of more than 1.4 atmospheres, the system will not operate in such a strong wear mode, but the difference between the highest and lowest pressure will become very noticeable. To adjust it, turn the nut on the smaller spring. To increase the differential pressure value, turn the nut clockwise. If the spring is loosened, the result will be the opposite.

With completely weakened springs, the relay is configured in a slightly different way. First, the pumping station is started to pressurize the system. It is produced to a level until water flows at an acceptable pressure from the tap farthest from the pump. For example, in this moment the pressure gauge showed 1.5 atmospheres. This pressure is fixed by disconnecting the pump and the pumping station from the power supply.

Then the plastic case is removed from the relay and the nut, which is located on the larger spring, is tightened to a characteristic click, which indicates that the contacts are triggered. Next, the relay housing is installed in place, and the pumping equipment is started. The pressure is increased by 1.4 atmospheres.

After that, the device is again disconnected from the power supply, the relay housing is removed and the nut of the smaller spring is tightened until it clicks. This is a contact opening click. We get a pressure switch configured to operate at an upper pressure of 2.9 atmospheres and a lower pressure of 1.5 atmospheres. After completing the settings, return the plastic case of the relay to its place and connect the pumping station to the mains.

To continuously monitor the operation of a water pump (pump) and a pumping station, a special device is used - a pressure relay (machine, sensor). The device reacts to deviations from the established upper and lower limit values ​​of pressure in the pipeline: if it is exceeded, it opens the electrical circuit, and if it falls, it turns on the pump. Other names for the sensor are pressure switch, press control.

Appointment of the pressure switch.

Purpose and device

The water pressure switch for the pump turns it on when the fluid supply is weakened and turns it off during the hours when the consumption decreases and the pressure rises. This eliminates the need to monitor the operation of the pump, extends the service life. The device is suitable not only for central water supply systems, but also for a well. A pressure switch is not required only when using a fuel pump.

Pressure switch device

A simple pressure switch model consists of the following parts:

• case fixed with a screw;
• frame;
• branch pipe for connection to the pipeline;
• cable gland for electric cable;
• contact Group;
• springs with adjusting nuts for mechanical adjustments.

Required class of protection of the body of the automation device against penetration foreign bodies and liquids – minimum IP 44. Top Models sensors belong to the class IP 54 - IP 65.

The principle of operation of the relay is that the contact group opens and closes when the set pressure limits are reached. More complex models are called controllers. They are distinguished by the presence of a built-in pressure gauge, indicators, a reset button, a push-button regulator, etc.

Species and varieties

Two main types of pressure sensors for pumps - for domestic and industrial systems water supply. They differ from each other in the requirements for the parameters of the electrical network (220 or 380 V), the adjustment range.

The pressure switches have a threaded connection to the pipeline. On sale there are devices of two varieties: with external and internal threads. Connection dimensions different models also differ.

Most models of pressure switches are suitable for working with pumps of any type, but there are also devices for special purposes, for example, for a borehole pump (universal sensors are used to connect to a submersible pump).

Additional functions available for some pressure switches:

1. Dry running protection - pump operation without liquid. In this mode, overheating and deformation of the pump parts occur. AT standard scheme connection of the pump includes the installation of a special device -. Purchasing a pressure sensor with this feature saves time and money on installing a separate safety device.
2. Automatic restart after dry run protection. Models without this feature must be reconnected manually.

When choosing a relay, it is necessary to pay attention to the maximum temperature of the pumped water - for different models it ranges from +40 to +120°C. According to this indicator, devices for cold or hot water supply systems are distinguished.

Connecting the water pressure switch

It is recommended to entrust the installation of the pressure switch for the water pump and its maintenance to a specialist, but it is allowed to do it yourself. Before starting installation, you must carefully study the manufacturer's instructions and the connection diagram. The appliance must only be repaired by a professional. The water pressure automatic device is already included in the pumping station.

Electrical part

The sensor has 3 pairs of terminals for connecting wires:

• from the mains;
• from the pump;
• grounding.

The cable is needed with copper conductors with a cross section of 3x1.5 mm². If not included plug to connect to the network, you need to install it yourself. The plug must have a grounding contact. The pump control cable is equipped with a waterproof socket with grounding. The power cord from the pump is inserted into it.

Connection diagram for a pressure switch for a pump.

All work must be done with the power off. The installation of the socket, fuses, grounding can only be carried out by an electrician. Be sure to connect a circuit breaker and an RCD (30 mA) or a differential circuit breaker.

Pipe connection

Most models of pressure switches are connected only to systems with a hydraulic accumulator (expansion tank), only some devices can work without it.

Pressure switch installation procedure:

1. Drain water from the pipeline at the location selected for the relay.
2. Loosen the screw securing the sensor housing. Remove cover.
3. Connect the fitting on the pressure switch to the fitting on water pipe. Protect the joint from leaks with sanitary fluoroplastic tape or flax with sealant.

After connecting to the water supply, connect the wires from the network, ground and pump to the terminals on the relay. Then make adjustments (if necessary), put on the cover and fix it with a screw. Sometimes the pressure switch may not work due to an incorrectly chosen installation location for the check valve.

Water pressure switch adjustment

Already installed on the new sensor optimal values pressure limits:

• lower - from 1.3 bar;
• upper - up to 2.8 bar.

They can be changed. It is permissible to set the lower threshold for household models - from 1 bar, raise the upper threshold to 5.5 bar (for industrial models from 0.2 to 8 bar). You should not change the settings unnecessarily, because if the adjustment is incorrect, the pump will either stop turning off or will not turn on.

How to determine relay thresholds

The upper and lower pressure limits at which the pump turns on and off depend on the characteristics of the pump and expansion tank:

1. The minimum value should be 0.1-0.2 bar more than the pressure in the accumulator. For example, there is 1 bar in the tank, which means that a lower threshold of 1.2 bar must be set on the relay. When adjusting, it must be taken into account that the parameters stated in the accumulator passport may differ from the actual ones. It is recommended to first measure the pressure in the expansion tank with a pressure gauge.
2. The maximum value is set no more than 90% of the maximum allowable pressure pumped by the pump. The bigger the difference, the better.

If, after adjusting the operation of the relay and pump, problems remain, then suitable values upper and lower thresholds are selected experimentally.

Setting the water pressure switch for a pump or pumping station

The procedure for changing the settings of a simple pressure switch model:

1. Unscrew the screw on the case, remove the cover.
2. To adjust the value of the lower threshold, by turning the nut, the force of the spring tension is changed (see the device device in the instructions). Turn the nut clockwise to increase, counter-clockwise to decrease.
3. The relay has no upper threshold adjustment. The instrument is set to a range between maximum and minimum values pressure, for example 1.5 bar. That is, if the lower threshold is 1.2 bar, then the upper one is automatically set to 2.7. You can change the range, for this, rotate the second nut: to increase the difference clockwise, to decrease it counterclockwise.
4. After completing the adjustment, put on and fix the cover with a screw.

On more complex models, there are special buttons for setting up the device.

One of the working parts of the pumping station is the pressure switch. It is designed to turn on or off the electric motor of the unit, depending on the pressure in the system.

On new equipment, it is already adjusted to work at optimal loads, so it is better not to change these settings unless necessary. But it happens that intervention is not enough.

Expansion tank and pressure switch device

During intensive use in the operation of the equipment, there may be different kind malfunctions in which it becomes necessary to reset the pressure switch.

For example, situations often occur when the device simply stops turning on, or works without stopping for quite a long time. These are clear signs of a problem.

Usually this device is a small box with wires coming out of it. To get to the adjusting springs, it is necessary to unscrew plastic screw located on top.

Two springs are installed inside - one is larger, the second is smaller, as well as a contact group automation mechanism. A small spring is needed to adjust the pressure difference. Large - for adjusting the shutdown pressure.

If you do not correctly set the air pressure in the hydraulic tank, then the readings on the water pressure gauge will be incorrect. Therefore, the first step is to set the air pressure in the hydrophore.

For this procedure, it is necessary to de-energize the electrical part of the station and drain the water.

The hydrophore consists of only three parts:

• frame;
• nipple;
• rubber diaphragm.

The rubber bulb is attached to the body of the hydrophore with a check valve (nipple), through which pressure is either added or released.

You can measure pressure using a car pressure gauge used by motorists to measure tire pressure.

You can pressurize the receiver with a car or bicycle pump.

Depending on the volume of the expansion tank, the pressure is also selected. Normal air pressure is 10% less than the pressure at which the equipment turns on.

For example, if the pressure at which the electric motor starts to work is 2 bar, then the air pressure should be set to 1.9 bar, that is, the rubber bulb should be lowered or pumped up.

Masters advise: air pressure should be monitored even if you have not made any changes to the operation of the pressure switch.

How to properly adjust

Before proceeding with the adjustment, it is necessary to disconnect the pump motor from the power supply. It is not necessary to drain the water and dry the tank.

Setting the relay is to add or reduce the pressure of the spring on the contact group. Usually only a screw with a nut on a larger spring is adjusted. This screw is responsible for turning off the device.

If you want to add pressure, reaching which the pump should stop, then you need to tighten the nut, thereby clamping the spring. If you need to reduce the pressure, then the spring should be weakened, respectively, the nut must be unscrewed.

It is recommended to make half a turn, then turn on the equipment and check the pressure according to the pressure gauge. This procedure it is necessary to repeat until the moment when the unit begins to automatically turn off at the pressure that is required.

For optimal performance water supply systems small house it will be enough to maintain a pressure of 3 bar.

This value may vary depending on the appliances used connected to the water supply. Based on this, the cut-off pressure can be set to 2.5 - 3.5 bar.

The second (small) adjustment screw is erroneously referred to as the cut-in pressure regulator screw. In fact, it regulates the difference in cut-off and turn-on pressures.

So when you set the pressure off pumping equipment 3 bar, the cut-in pressure will automatically be set to 1.7 bar. If you are satisfied with this result, then you should not touch the settings.

If a different result is needed, then the adjustment is made in the same way as the shutdown screw. Turning the nut increases the value, releasing it decreases it.

Specialist suggestion: Record all pressure gauge readings. This will allow you not to get confused with the readings and set the necessary parameters.

Another point to consider is the installation of the cover in place. The fact is that during installation, the pin on which the spring is attached can move. A cover is also attached to this same pin, which can shift the adjustment, as a rule, in a larger direction.

Video: adjusting the water pressure switch

Properly installed and configured equipment will last much longer and save a lot of your money. Well, do not forget about the timely Maintenance pump.