Fireproof metal hatches according to GOST standards. Fire hatch: design, GOST, dimensions, installation. Design features of fire hatches

Unfortunately, private houses are in the first risk group in terms of fire safety. The reason for this is the common material for construction - wood.

Protect the lives of households in the event of a disaster – the most important task, which can be implemented design features Houses. One of them is fireproof hatches in the attic. If there is a threat of smoke or impossibility of access to rescue exits, this is The best decision in an emergency.

Fire hatch - how to install it yourself

The simplicity of the design - a metal frame sealed around the perimeter with non-flammable material and a steel door with automatic latching - also implies ease of installation. As a rule, such access to the attic is additionally equipped with a retractable staircase.

However, given the poor compatibility of wood and metal, a series of preparatory work, protecting the natural structure from negative influences steel, or, more precisely, the consequences of its use. So, how to install a fire hatch leading to the attic - instructions for home craftsmen:

First you need to choose the right factory design. You need to contact specialized companies related to fire safety products.

Specialists will offer the required options. Of these, those that best suit the technical regulations are selected:

Fire resistance limit from 30 – 60 minutes.
Steel thickness is from 0.8 – 2 mm. The coating can be specially selected to match the interior, so as not to create dissonance. Models covered with powder paint, like expensive metal doors.
The box is equipped with a non-flammable thermosetting seal, which, when heated, expands and blocks access to smoke and flame. In quiet times, such a seal will not give drafts the slightest chance - this is especially true if attic space not heated.
Inside the canvas there are mineral wool or fire-resistant boards. It is worth regularly monitoring the quality of the insulation - cotton mats can cake, then they need to be replaced, otherwise metal structure will become a bridge of cold.
Closers, handles, locks and other fittings must withstand open flame and not heat up, thereby making it impossible to use. It is possible to install an anti-panic system - a wide handrail with automatic opening and closing.
As for the issue of parameters - length-width, the fire hatch for the attic can have individual dimensions. You need to proceed from the fact that an adult can easily get into the under-roof space and what kind of staircase will be involved in this. The optimal rectangular shape is 1200 mm × 700 mm.

Separately purchased material for laying between wood and metal box. Well, the corresponding tool is a screwdriver, Circular Saw, fasteners

Next, markings. Contours should be outlined with allowances of 5-6 cm more exact dimensions. Such gaps will serve as compensation for the continuous shrinkage of the house, which can jam even metal and at the same time crack under its resistance.

It is enough to drive in four nails or fix the screws in such a way that the tip comes out on the other side. There is no need to outline contours on two surfaces at once and then adjust what is needed - then curvature cannot be avoided.

Then, the freed wood is removed and the resulting hole is put in order. What does it mean?

Like cutting window opening, and the hatch, square or rectangle is processed protective compounds for damage, for opposite sides select grooves and seal them with jute. The bare wood is previously covered with a vapor barrier.

Now they are constructing the box - the fire hatches to the attic are first disassembled into their component parts. A beam with a cross section of 50 mm is installed in the selected groove. You can add several small blocks under the short planks - the resulting compensation gaps must be foamed with a mounting substance.

Then the long parts of the box are attached, followed by the short ones. You should not screw the box tightly - shrinkage will go more smoothly if there are no obstacles to it.

Next, install the hinges and screw the door, having previously attached fittings to it - a handle or an anti-panic system. All that remains is to foam the expansion gaps and carefully cut off the sloppy protrusions. After this, decorative trims are fixed.

The entire structure is checked by repeated opening and closing, all interfaces and mechanical parts are immediately lubricated. For this they use silicone grease– it will not allow moisture to penetrate into the moving parts in case of condensation. The material needs to be constantly updated.

The hatch is ready. However, to reach the attic space you will need a ladder. It can be folded, placed on the hatch door, so that in case of danger it can be quickly brought into working condition.

But not to shy away from design and interior wooden house You can make a twisted or straight design. How – more on that below.

Making a simple wooden staircase leading to the attic

You will need the following materials and tools:

Support beam 150 mm wide and up to 5 cm thick – 2 pcs.
The steps are 2.5 cm thick, the number depends on the height of the ceilings and the roll of 45⁰.
Fasteners - self-tapping screws, anchors.
Varnishes or other glazing compounds.

The appearance of such a structure will be determined by the steps, so you need to work hard on creating them. They can be asymmetrical protrusions, oval or pedal-shaped.

They are pre-drilled in the right places for fastening, processed and varnished, but they cannot be made slippery. Exist special pads, sticking to the surface of the wood and thereby preventing misfortune. Branded models are equipped with special notches.

The fastening of steps has its own rules - the distance from one to another does not exceed 19 cm. Each step should be fixed in two places to prevent unnecessary load on the area.

For work and beauty appearance use anchors made of yellow metal - a shade similar or close to wood. Install the steps strictly parallel to the floor.

The supports should be installed so that in the event of an emergency, they will not budge even under a load of 150 kg - the optimal weight that a home-made ladder must bear. The ends should not rest directly on the fire hatch of the attic exit - they should be secured to the ceiling. They, like all wood, must be processed and, in order not to deviate from the intended interior, varnished.

Railings or other guardrails on the attic stairs leading up to the fire hatch into the attic should not be pretentious or too bulky. They are created only for the convenience of use by elderly people or children. In case of an emergency, they will speed up the ascent process. The railing supports are fastened frequently - every two pairs of steps.

The rescue of drowning people is the work of the drowning people themselves. This popular expression is fully concerned with ensuring one's own safety. The main threat wooden house is still fire.

It is based on a metal frame, which is made of high-quality steel sheet 2 mm thick, which is bent into a complex profile.

From the inside, the profile cavity is filled with a special insulating material.

Using reliable hinges, the canvas, which is equipped with a lock, is hung on the frame. A special thermal sealing tape is attached around the perimeter of the box for sealing.

An important part is the cold smoke seal, which is placed in the groove of the profile.

The surface is treated with a primer or powder coated. The customer chooses optimal color coatings from the RAL catalog.

How to order fire hatches

The products are presented in several versions. Whatever product you choose, its quality is confirmed by certificates and documents with test data.

The company "Steel Group" has a license to install fire protection structures. By entrusting the installation to the company’s experienced specialists, the client can be confident that the installation will be carried out professionally.

All metal structures can be ordered on the company’s website. Delivery and installation of the hatch will be scheduled at a time convenient for the buyer.

Product Description

Among our products we offer fire-resistant hatches various options execution. It is advisable to install them in rooms with increased safety requirements, where the possibility of spontaneous combustion is highest. They are installed in ventilation chambers, elevator shafts, electrical switchboard rooms, and in exits that lead to the attic or, conversely, to the basement, to various niches, channels, other communication points where their presence is necessary, and to warehouses of combustible materials.
All models comply with modern standards and provisions of SNiP 21-01-97. Fire resistance EI 60.
The kit necessarily contains documents that contain test data and their results regarding maximum resistance to heat. In addition, each model is marked for inspection. All products have quality certificates. In addition, we are licensed to install. By contacting us, you receive high-quality equipment that guarantees your safety, and professional installation services.
LPM-1 are intended for filling openings in walls, partitions, on evacuation routes, as well as in industrial, public, residential buildings and structures where there is a need to protect the facility from the spread of fire.

Fire hatches of various modifications of standard designs and according to individual measurements are produced by the STROYSTALINVEST company. Fire hatches from our production have been supplied to the market in Moscow and the Moscow region for more than 15 years. We install fireproof metal structures only of the highest quality. Our production is equipped with last word equipment and we can process both one-time orders from private buyers and large orders from our partners (construction contracting companies, wholesale purchasing companies).

Production of fire hatches EI 60

The production of EI 60 hatches (LPM 60) in our company involves the use of special thermal insulation materials, with which the fire hatch is filled from the inside. It is thanks to the heat insulator that the structure effectively prevents the spread of fire and also retains heat indoors. Each model has its own fire resistance limit - the time during which the structure can withstand flames. By regulatory requirements this time limit is 30-60 minutes. During this time, firefighters usually arrive at the scene of the incident.

Manufacturing to order from the company "STROYSTALINVEST"

The design can be made to standard or custom sizes. For finishing, such reliable and practical coatings as powder coating and nitro enamel are used.

You can also order installation from our company. Qualified STROYSTALINVEST specialists will carry out the installation quickly and accurately upon prior request. Installation is available for an additional fee. The cost of installation includes delivery. You can check the price for additional services and purchase details by calling our managers.

High premises in the workshop of an industrial enterprise or production, warehouse area in a public building; division by implies the construction of barriers in the path of fire/smoke - walls, ceilings, partitions with fire-resistant doors, hatches in building openings.

Fire doors - this is the most common type of filling them, but not always acceptable due to cramped conditions; location, for example, in the interfloor ceiling industrial building for servicing technological equipment or the upper floor of a residential building for communication with the attic.

In such situations/cases the best option is the device of a fire hatch that performs all the main functions of a door, but is more compact and fits into the dimensions of the installation site.

Design

It consists of several parts/elements. The first is the canvas:

It is the main element of fire hatches/doors. Most often, manufacturers choose the material for their manufacture steel sheets 0.8–2 mm thick, depending on the purpose of the upcoming installation sites, fire resistance. For example, for floor hatches, where the load can be significant, or for products with high strength, resistance to flame, heat, the maximum sheet thickness is selected. We should also not forget that, in addition to the functions of limiting/containing the spread of fire, such hatches/doors often protect premises from unauthorized entry; which means they must be durable and resistant to break-ins.
In addition to metal, hatch panels can be partially used in the design wooden elements, which allows carried out. Looking ahead a little, it should be said that the product of any manufacturer must have a certificate of conformity obtained on the basis of fire tests, which gives customers/consumers a guarantee of compliance of the design, workmanship with the declared technical indicators of the fire hatch in general, and the materials used in it in particular.
Filling the hatch space between the outer surfaces, frame, internal frame elements, and stiffeners is usually done with mineral wool in the form of slabs or rolls. For example, it is often used for this, which is quite suitable for this purpose.
The final finish of fire hatches is, as a rule, painted gray/white, as they are most often installed to serve technical floors/premises and various technological/engineering communications. Less commonly – finishing with decorative film or veneer for use in rooms where requirements are placed on the design of the finishing.
The standard hatch panel does not have glazing, but it can be made to order.
Most hatches have one panel; double-layer fireproof products are quite rarely made.
The design of the fire hatch turns out to be quite weighty, which is not surprising, because the thickness of the canvas is 50–100 mm; and the mass is 1 square. m. depending on the materials, fire resistance ranges from 25 to 40 kg.

Box:

It can be corner, having a platband with outside. This is a universal and common type of PL box, allowing it to be mounted in almost any construction/technological opening. It should be noted that when installed in the ceiling, this is most convenient.
Less common are internal or end, as well as covering on both sides, types of boxes.
The PL box is made of steel angle, sheet, often galvanized, as well as steel profile square/rectangular section. The higher the resistance limit of a product, the greater the thickness of the metal used.
A thermally active seal, often called a hot smoke tape, is fixed around the entire perimeter of the box; as well as a rubber profile that protects against the penetration of cold air/smoke. This compaction can be made in either one or two rows.

Hinges, handles, locks, closers:

Hinges - standard for metal doors. There are no fire resistance requirements for them, because they are located inside the submarine structure.
Locks and latching handles, installed depending on the need on one or both sides, have a different attitude - they must be made of fire-resistant steel; with a design that prevents jamming when the mechanism is overheated. To protect the lock during installation, fire-resistant linings are often used, which increases the reliability of unhindered opening/closing.
Since most hatches, much more often fire doors, are used in a closed state, closers are not included in the standard equipment from the manufacturer. If, according to technological regulations, everyday/situational needs, the submarine must be in an open state, then it must be equipped with an automatic closing device in the event of a fire.

A rather rare type of design of a certified submarine is a combination of the use of fire-resistant glass and steel/aluminum alloys for the canvas frame and fire hatch box.

Select submarine suitable design, size, appearance, or ordering it to meet current requirements during construction, reconstruction or operation of a building is not particularly difficult. Dozens of manufacturers in Russia produce fireproof hatches and doors.

Metal hatches for vertical openings

Such fire hatches are installed in fire walls/partitions separating shafts, elevator rooms, electrical panels, and ventilation chambers; engineering, technological galleries, tunnels and other communications as buildings/structures industrial enterprises, as well as public and residential facilities.

The selected dimensions of submarines depend on whether it is necessary for service personnel to penetrate through them into adjacent rooms/communication shafts/niches or not. Although, according to the norms/rules of industrial safety, they are not always taken into account, in practice, it is quite possible to use most of them in order to leave the premises in case of an emergency.

Hatches to the attic

However, if the height of residential or public buildings does not exceed 15 m, then it is permissible to provide access to the attic or directly to the roof of the building from the staircase through a type 2 submarine. It must be at least 0.6 by 0.8 m, with a steel vertical ladder attached to the wall or floor/ceiling.

In real life, seeing fire hatches in the attic is a sure sign that this is happening on the 5th floor of a five-story residential building. True, often such a hatch has little in common with a submarine; it is made only of metal, if the house is new, or of wood covered with sheet iron, if it is a Khrushchev-era building.

Metal floor hatches

Such fire protection structures are installed in industrial and public buildings for access to basements, technical floors, corridors, cable tunnels, transport galleries, and overpasses. Basically, the most durable and fire-resistant type 1 submarines are installed, providing protection not lower than EI 60.

Type 2 hatches

The fire resistance limit of such a submarine is EI 30 - it must withstand fire/heat exposure for 30 minutes without loss of strength, integrity, without allowing flame, heat and smoke from the fire source to enter the room next room, adjacent floor.

Many manufacturers produce and use on site fire hatches of type 2 on the roof, which are somewhat different from other types of submarines:

Its presence in residential attics, public buildings regulated by SP 4.13130.2013.
It must be no less than 0.6 by 0.8 m so that it is convenient to use for roof maintenance and work with external telecommunications equipment.
A stationary staircase should lead to it.
The hatch must be completely sealed and equipped with drainage to prevent freezing from blocking opening.

You can find such hatches in multi-story buildings. residential buildings mass development is very rare, but in modern public buildings they are used quite often.

LPM hatches

Such products, LPM, differ from their “bigger brothers” - fireproof metal doors DPM - only in smaller sizes - from 500 x 700 to 900 x 1200 mm. As the name suggests, the main elements of their design are the frame, sheet covering, stiffeners and frame are made of metal alloys with non-flammable mineral filling.

Technical hatches

Such fairly common fire-technical products are characterized by small sizes and are intended for installation in the enclosing structures of engineering/technological shafts, niches, chambers, boxes, and other communications to allow them to be inspected without service personnel entering inside.

Fire resistance type table

It is shown in table 24 Federal Law RF No. 123-FZ, many joint ventures concerning fire resistance limits of buildings, ensuring the non-propagation of fire, safe evacuation, and indicates that submarines can be of three types with minimum limits fire resistance:

1 – EI 60;
2 – EI 30;
3 – EI 15.

On practice, fire resistance of fire hatch There are many more types of type 1 if, for example, it is to be installed in a fire wall. Such designs are made only to order and can be up to EI 120.

Installation Features

Depending on the type of installation, there are wall, ceiling (attic) and floor hatches. The installation of fire hatches of various types/types is almost the same, but there are some features:

Installation of ceiling and floor fire hatches is only possible with hinges facing outward, so that it opens upward, and the box of such a submarine is angular.
When installing the internal PL box, as well as products with an external frame of another type, if the integrity of the edges of the construction/technological opening is damaged, it is necessary to seal the junction along the entire perimeter.
PL and fire doors can be equipped with electromechanical locks with automated/manual control from a surveillance console or fire station.

Only employees of an enterprise/organization with a valid license from the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations for this type of work have the right to carry out work on the installation of submarines.

The attic is not the most visited room in the house, but easy access it won't hurt him

The attic of a residential building is often used as storage for old or seasonal items. In order to easily access the attic, you need to carefully consider the lifting options and choose the most suitable one for your home. An attic hatch will be an excellent solution for unhindered access to the storage area.

The most common are the following two methods of installing an attic hatch.

The first method of arrangement is pediment. It is necessary to make an opening on the gable for the attic door. An attached or stationary ladder is connected to the hatch from below. Dignity this method is that no holes are made in the ceiling.

Pediment entry to the attic

The second method is the simplest and cheapest - creating an opening directly in the ceiling.

Attic hatch built into the ceiling with folding ladder

Hatch design options and purpose

An attic hatch is a door panel that opens and closes and is built into the ceiling to provide access to attic storage. In addition to equipping the attic with a hatch, you need to consider the type staircase design. Attic stairs come in various types of attached and folding variations. Folding ladders mounted in the hatch door are very ergonomic to use.

Hatch and ladder variations:

The most common solution for attic access is an opening hatch door with hinges. It is equipped with a latch, which opens after the built-in ladder is completely unfolded. You can also open the latch using a cord while standing on the floor. These models are easy to insulate.
Sliding attic hatch - the cover moves to the side, freeing up the passage. This design complicates the insulation procedure, but makes opening easier. This hatch model is equipped with an electric drive so that you do not have to move it manually.
The hatch cover is equipped with a locking mechanism. From the simplest - a latch, to the more complex - a thin cable with which you can open the latch while standing on the floor.

Wooden four-section beech staircase with hatch to the attic

The manhole cover is easy to install yourself. Plywood, OSB sheets, and MDF are suitable for it. You can also install metal or wooden structure. All these materials are quite affordable.

Features and types of hatches

Depending on the location, the attic hatch is:

horizontal;
vertical;
corner.

Horizontal arrangement - the location of the attic opening in the ceiling. These are the most common and simple designs. They are distinguished by ease of use and ease of manufacture and installation.Vertical structures are a kind of attic crawl space.Corner structures are mounted mainly in attic rooms under a sloping roof.

The main materials for door production are: wood, metal, plastic.

Horizontal arrangement attic hatch

Hatch characteristics:

easy installation;
ergonomics;
universal design in harmony with the surroundings;
thermal insulation layer.

Manufacture and installation of a hatch

Hatch to the attic interfloor ceilings reinforced concrete must be installed at the junction. This technique will evenly distribute the load between the two slabs and eliminate the possibility of weakening and sagging of the structure.

Important!

When cutting out an opening, you must use a grinder equipped with a metal disc, a hammer drill, or a crowbar with a sledgehammer.

Attic opening in concrete ceiling

To arrange access to the attic of a house with insulation, you must comply with the following: step-by-step recommendations:

Carefully measure the dimensions of the opening, draw a drawing, taking into account the shape and detail of the structure.
Build a frame from boards 200mm thick. The predominant shape is rectangular.
The attic hatch is usually available in standard sizes: 600*1200mm. But they may well be individual. The size of the opening depends on the type of purpose and use of the attic.
Prepare an opening on the ceiling according to the drawings and verified dimensions. It is also necessary to take into account that the hole in the ceiling is cut 50mm larger than the size of the hatch. The lining of the opening must be additionally reinforced with a frame.

Advice!

If the ceiling is lined with wood, then in order to save money, the hatch cover can be made from the remnants of the material that was used for the ceiling. In other cases, the material will have to be purchased additionally.

Strengthen the hinges to the hatch and to the opening.
Install a diagonal spacer on the cover using self-tapping screws and an angle to give it additional rigidity and strength.
Standard is used as a heat insulator. thermal insulation material. Will do mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam.
To avoid moisture collection, it is necessary to equip the bottom with a vapor barrier.
Install the fittings: door closer, latch and handle.
Cover the frame with platband.
If necessary, install a ladder.

Insulating the attic hatch with foam plastic

Installation of a finished hatch structure with a built-in ladder

Ready-made attic exits are distinguished by their variety in type and materials of manufacture. A metal hatch to the attic is slightly more expensive than a wooden one.

Before purchasing a product, it is necessary to determine the location of the hatch and take careful measurements. Very often, ready-made hatches are already equipped with folding metal ladders.

Advantages of finished products:

compactness;
multifunctional design;
universal design;
easy installation.

After purchasing, you should make an opening in ceiling, in accordance with the dimensions indicated in technical specifications products.

Metal hatch to the attic with built-in stairs

Installation sequence:

Raise the product to the attic floor.
Install 2 safety boards from below and support the structure on them.
Install the product using spacers and a hydraulic level.
Secure the front and rear frames with screws.
Polyurethane foam fill the voids.
Remove the auxiliary mounting boards.
Check the stability of the structure by disassembling and reassembling the ladder and loosening the bolts.
If necessary, straighten the structure and tighten the bolts.

Ready-made hatches are easy to install and fit almost any interior design.

Today you can buy an attic ladder with a hatch from the world's best manufacturers

The advantage of ready-made sliding stairs for attic openings is:

compactness;
versatility in use;
ease of installation;
design.

When using sliding attic stairs no extra effort required. This is why purchased products are common and more reliable than homemade designs. Two people are enough to install the attic exit. One performs work directly in the attic and lifts the structure upstairs.

Installation of an attic ladder with a hatch

Fire exit to the attic

The fire-resistant hatch is designed for timely evacuation of residents from the house during a fire. A fire exit is installed if the building is located in a fire hazardous area.

The fire hatch must comply with technological standards and markings.

Important!

Before purchasing, you must carefully read the technical documentation of the product. Study information about the tests carried out and the fire resistance of the material, which must be at least 6 minutes.

Metal is the most practical fire exit. It is equipped with heat insulators and seals, which prevents evaporation during fires.

Fireproof attic hatch with drop-down ladder

Schematically, a fire hatch consists of a frame of two profiles that simultaneously form a platband. The frame is made of steel. The internal cavities are filled with fire-resistant heat-insulating agents.

The vertical stand is equipped with a latch, which is fixed to the ceiling and fastens it to the hatch door.Thermal sealing tape is laid around the perimeter. During a fire, it expands and fills the gaps between the box and the canvas.

Hatch surface options:

Tin plates.
Treatment chemical composition, which does not respond to elevated temperatures.
Glazed.
Single leaf.
Bivalve.

The standard fire resistance requirement for a door is 30 minutes. A single-leaf exit with these characteristics is available.The double-leaf exit is equipped with closers, making it easier to open and close the doors. Such hatches can withstand temperature attack for an hour.

Ceiling fire hatch in the attic

The horizontal fire exit from the house must meet additional requirements:

the door opens upward;
the hinges and frame are additionally strengthened;
minimum size of installation gaps;
equipping the hatch with a folding compact heat-resistant ladder.

Important!

The ladder must withstand a load of 250 kg.

The attic exit also serves protective structure equipped with latches. This is a durable, reliable device.If necessary, the latch can be easily unlocked from the inside.The exit door is also equipped with a fireproof lock, which has the ability to self-lock, so in the event of a fire the room is hermetically sealed.

In relation to the roof, the attic exit must be located taking into account the required space.Based on the regulations and requirements, the dimensions of the hatch must be at least 200*200mm and no more than 1500*1500mm. It is best to use average values. They are the most compact and allow you to move around.The frame should be positioned strictly at an angle of 90 degrees. Door thickness – 1mm. Door height – 1200mm, width – 1000mm. These are the most common average values.

Fire hatch for access to the roof

Fire hatches are sold in specialized stores, or are made to order from manufacturers.The choice of fire exits must be taken very responsibly, having first studied the rules and requirements for a certain type of room.To avoid unpredictable situations, you need to take your choice seriously and purchase a quality product.

Manufacturing an emergency, insulated hatch to the attic