Sewerage installation for a private house. Sewage diagram in a private house. Installation of internal sewerage in a private house

Sewerage laying – important stage in the construction of a private house. If there is no public sewerage system, then in order to equip a completely autonomous drainage system, you need to lay a network delivering wastewater from sanitary and household appliances to the collection well. Installing a sewer system for a private home is not a quick task, but when independent execution there should not be any serious difficulties. The help of specialists may be required only in the most difficult sections of the pipeline.

The drainage system of a private house consists of internal and external sewerage and a collection well. In cottages with more than two floors with their own bathrooms, the sewer network is additionally equipped with a drain pipe.

Water supply and sewerage systems are usually designed and installed simultaneously, since the same plumbing and household equipment are connected to them.

The procedure for laying the sewer network:

• Prepare a pipeline design taking into account all the devices connected to it, a slope of 2-3 cm per linear meter, and calculate the amount of required building materials.
• Purchase pipes, connecting elements and fittings.
• Cut the pipes into lengths in accordance with the project.
• Carry out internal wiring and bring the sewer pipe outside.
• Install the drain pipe.
• Lay external drainage.
• Build a collection well and connect a pipeline to it.

Internal wiring

The indoor sewage system is assembled in such a way that its lowest point is where the pipeline exits to the outside. In order not to make a mistake with the angle of inclination, you can start assembly from this point.

If you have a project, the connection order is not important, but you must strictly follow the rules for performing internal wiring:

• Each device and functional area pipeline requires a pipe of the appropriate diameter: for the riser and toilet - 11 cm, for showers, bathtubs, kitchen sink - 5 cm, for everything else 3.2 cm is enough, but if several devices are connected to one pipe at the same time, its diameter must be not less than 7.5 cm.
• Since wastewater moves through the pipes by gravity, a pipeline slope of 2-3 cm per linear meter is required.
• The connection of the pipes must be sealed and not impede the free flow of liquid: the pipes are connected along the flow, and there should be no roughness or burrs at the junction.
• Right angles should be avoided, as this is where blockages most often form. To perform a turn, it is better to use several elbows with smaller angles.
• It is necessary to prevent backflow from the sewer and the penetration of unpleasant odors into the house. To do this, install a siphon or S-shape on the pipe of each plumbing fixture curved pipe, performing the function of a water seal.
• If the house has several floors and each of them has plumbing, a common riser should be installed.
• Toilets are installed closer to other household and plumbing fixtures to the riser.
• Pipeline units cannot be installed in areas where walls or ceilings pass through.
• Holes for passing pipes through walls and ceilings are cut with a margin; it is advisable to insert special sleeves or sections of wider pipes into them.
• The connection points to the riser and pipeline turns are equipped with a tee with an inspection window closed with a plug. Through these windows, pipes will be cleaned in the future if they become clogged.
• The riser is located as close as possible to the place where the sewage system is discharged to the outside.

Installing a sewer system in a private home with your own hands requires special care and responsibility. The degree of comfort during living and the ease of operation of the structures depend on how accurately all the conditions and established rules are met (the absence of constantly occurring blockages, freezing of communications, unpleasant odors and loud sounds in room).

Sewage systems for country house- This complex circuits collection, disposal and treatment Wastewater. As a rule, there are two types of sewage systems in a house.

• Household is the collection of wastewater from the toilet, bathroom, kitchen sink and water-consuming household appliances(dishwashers and washing machines).
• designed to collect rain and melt water. It prevents flooding of cellars and basements, damage to the foundation, excessive soil moisture and rotting of the roots of cultivated plants.

Since there are no oil and oil products in the storm drains of a private house, it is possible to combine storm and domestic sewers into one system, however, such a solution will require a larger volume of receiver (local treatment plant, septic tank or cesspool) and the associated high costs of equipment , therefore, the feasibility of such a combination is decided by each homeowner individually.

Composition of the sewer system

Any sewer system can be divided into three main parts:

• intra-house communications, representing the combination of wastewater from each point into a single collector,
• external (or external) pipelines connecting the point where the collector exits the house (in some cases, discharge pipes from the bathhouse or are cut into the pipeline) and the receiving device,
• actually receiver.

When setting up a wastewater receiver, this is the most important issue.

And for installing a storm drain important element are, the types of which are described in a separate article.

You may also need 50 mm for risers for subsequent wiring.

The receiving device can be a storage facility or a purification facility.

• carries out partial soil filtration of wastewater, however, bacteria living in the soil are able to process inclusions only if the amount of wastewater does not exceed one cubic meter per day. As well as sealed models with bottom, requiring pumping out the contents using a sewer truck, this design is more suitable for a summer residence than for a home with permanent residence.
  
• Ready septic tanks famous manufacturers– these are carefully designed and field-tested structures that require cleaning much less frequently than more simple devices. You can save money by building.
  
• Local wastewater treatment plants (WTP)– quite expensive and require connection to the electrical network complex devices, which at the same time are capable of removing and processing up to 98% of impurities from wastewater, forming water and sludge suitable for irrigation, which can be used as an organic, environmentally friendly fertilizer.
  

Selecting the location of the wastewater receiver and its parameters

Regardless of the type of receiver (processing device or storage device), it the volume must be at least three times the daily water consumption for everyone living in the house. Existing standards determine the average value per person - 200 liters, based on which the volume of the tank is calculated as 600 liters (200x3), multiplied by the number of people. When using treatment facilities with several tanks connected in series, their total volume is taken into account.

The installation location of the receiver is determined taking into account certain requirements.

• The structure is installed in the lowest place of the site, if the latter has complex terrain.
• Distances to important objects must comply with accepted standards:

- to the source drinking water– up to 50 meters (depending on the type of receiving device, level groundwater),

- to the road - at least 5 m,

— to a reservoir or other open body of water – 30 m,

- to a residential building - 5 m.

Drawing up a diagram

It is best to take care of the sewerage diagram at the design stage of the house. At that time We try to place rooms with water drainage in one sector in such a way as to reduce the length of pipes. This makes it possible to purchase less pipes. In addition, the short length and fewer connections simplify the circuit and reduce the likelihood of operational problems.

In order for the sewerage diagram in a private house, drawn up with your own hands, to fully comply with the requirements, and during its development, no important points, you should use ready-made plan at home or draw it on a piece of graph paper.

• The first step in drawing up a diagram is to plot all the drain points on the plan. If there is more than one floor, a plan with the location of plumbing fixtures is drawn up floor by floor.
• After this, the location of the common riser is marked on the diagram. Since the toilet outlet diameter is usually 110 mm and the riser has similar parameters, the latter is most often located in the toilet. This allows one more condition to be met - the length of the outlet from the toilet to the collector should not be more than 1000 mm. It is recommended, if possible, to locate the drain points closer to the riser, the larger their outlet.
• The diagram shows the line of the collector pipeline to the point of exit from the house, which during the construction stage is installed in the foundation of the building and is equipped with a protective sleeve (a piece of pipe whose diameter is so much larger than the diameter of the collector to ensure its free entry and the presence of gaps).
• Sewage supply lines are drawn from each drain point to the collector. Branches located nearby (for example, from a bathtub and a washbasin) can be combined into one line. The exception is the drain line from the toilet, which under any conditions should not have tie-ins from other drain points.

It is important to remember that the sewerage system in a private house must be done with a certain slope (3% for pipes with a diameter of 50 mm, 2% for pipes with a diameter of 110 mm).

• In addition to the pipelines for transporting wastewater, the installation location is indicated on the diagram.
• A diagram of the external sewerage system is similarly applied to the site plan, taking into account the location of buildings and trees (optimally communications should pass at a distance of at least 3 meters from them). For every 10-15 meters of the highway, as well as in places where additional lines turn and tie in, an inspection well is installed.

Features of choosing pipes and fittings

The main aspect of pipe selection is the type of material. Despite the strength of cast iron products, sewer systems for private homes are increasingly less often made from this material due to their heavy weight, which makes transportation and installation difficult. Preferred are modern polymer materials.

• Flexible and durable polypropylene tolerates well high temperatures drains, therefore excellent for internal sewerage. Typically these pipes are painted grey.
• Polyvinyl chloride is not so resistant to high temperatures, but has high strength. Orange pipes made of this material are easily visible in the ground; they are used for external sewerage, and gray ones for internal sewerage.

Installation of internal sewerage

It is recommended to start installing a sewer system with your own hands in a private house with the installation of internal sewerage and ventilation for it.

When organizing sewerage with your own hands in country house, the laying of pipes, including the riser, can be hidden or open. In the first case, communications are located in walls, niches or boxes. IN mandatory must arrange inspection hatches for inspection and repair. The pipes are attached to the walls using special devices (hangers, clamps, etc.). During installation, the above-mentioned principles for choosing the parameters of system elements are observed (pipelines 110 mm for the manifold and toilet outlet, 50 mm for sinks, showers and bathtubs, oblique tees and crosses at the joints), however, experts also recommend installing manifolds larger diameter(100-110 mm) at the junction of outlets (for example, sinks and bathtubs).

Pipes of different diameters are connected using adapters. For each drain point install water seals preventing entry into the premises unpleasant odors. Throughout all communications inside the house, special inspection tees are installed at each pipe turn.

Tip: To reduce the risk of blockages, it is recommended that when installing turns, use not one 90° fitting, but two 45° or three 30°.

For those for whom it is important to find the most complete answer to the question of how to install sewerage in a private house , information about ventilation device.

Installation of external sewer pipes shown in the video.

Sewage in the house must be collected and directed to the central sewer system or to or to.

This task is performed by a system of pipelines inside and outside the house - internal and external sewerage.

How to properly lay sewer pipes in a private house

The sewer diagram shows two vertical pipes, crossing the house from the base to the roof - these are sewer risers, which collect wastewater from nearby sanitary fixtures.

Drains from sanitary fixtures move by gravity to sewer risers, and from there to horizontal sewer pipes and then to the outlet external sewerage.

Features of the movement of wastewater through sewer pipes

When developing a sewerage scheme, consider the following.

When water is discharged in one burst through the toilet, a portion of water fills the entire, or almost all, section of the sewer pipe, moving along the pipe and acts like a piston. Behind the flow of water in the pipe a vacuum is created, which, if there is no ventilation, sucks water from the siphons of sanitary fixtures connected to the pipe behind the flow.

A pressure is created ahead of the water flow, which pushes water out of the siphons of sanitary fixtures connected ahead along the flow.

The effect of increasing pressure in the pipe is usually less noticeable because the sewer pipe at the front end usually has an open outlet. Vacuum in the pipes due to improper sewerage in the house often leads to the suction of water from the siphons of sanitary appliances and the appearance of an odor in the house.

Similar processes in sewer pipes can occur:

• When emptying the bathtub or draining water from washing machine under the pressure created by the pump.
• In very long pipes there are connections from sanitary fixtures to the riser.
• If there is a large difference in height between the beginning and end of the supply pipe.

Rules for laying sewerage in the house

When developing a sewerage scheme for a private house, the following rules are observed:

1. The toilet must have a separate connection to the riser. No other sanitary fixtures should be connected to the pipe between the toilet and the riser. Failure to comply with this rule can lead to the fact that when flushing the toilet, water will be sucked out of the siphons of other sanitary appliances along the full cross-section of the pipe.

2. The connection of other sanitary fixtures to the riser on the floor should not be lower than the connection point of the toilet. Otherwise, when flushing the toilet, waste water may appear in the drain hole of neighboring appliances.

Other sanitary fixtures, except the toilet, may have one common supply pipe to the riser.

3. When choosing the diameter of the pipes, they are guided by the rule - the diameter of the supply pipe to the riser should not be less than the diameter of the drain pipe of the sanitary fixture. If several devices are connected to one supply pipe, then the diameter of the pipe is taken according to the largest cross-section of the pipe of the connected devices.

The diameter of the riser pipe should not be less than the diameter of the toilet drain pipe - 100 mm.; or 50 mm.- for a riser without a toilet.

4. The length of the supply pipe to the riser from the toilet should be no more than 1 m. The length of pipes for connections from other sanitary fixtures is no more than 3 m. For longer lines (up to 5 meters), it is necessary to increase the pipe diameter to 70-75 mm. Eyeliners longer than 5 m made from pipes with a diameter of 100-110 mm. There is no need to increase the diameter of the liner pipes if the upper ends of the liner are ventilated using an aeration vacuum valve or by connecting the liner with ventilation pipe boner The length of the toilet line can be increased provided that the end connected to the toilet is ventilated.

5. The slope of the pipes for effective self-cleaning should be within 2 - 15% (2 - 15 cm. per meter of length). The height difference between the beginning and end of the supply line to the toilet should not exceed 1 m. For other eyeliners - no more than 3 m. If the height difference is greater, then ventilation of the upper end of the liner is necessary.

6. Installation of corner fittings with an angle of 90 degrees should be avoided at pipe bends. The angles of rotation and connection of pipes must be formed smoothly, from standard parts with an angle of 135 degrees along the flow of liquid.

7. Sewer pipes are laid with a socket in the direction opposite to the flow.

8. Be sure to ventilate the risers. To do this, the riser pipes are brought up, at least 0.5 m. above the roof surface. Lack of ventilation leads to the appearance of vacuum in the pipes when draining water, emptying of siphons of sanitary appliances and the appearance of a sewer smell in the house and on the site. Ventilation sewer riser should not be associated with channels natural ventilation premises.

9. To ventilate risers and connections, in the cases indicated above, an aeration vacuum valve is installed at the upper end of the room. The aeration valve allows air only into the pipe, but does not release gases outside. The operation of the valve prevents the occurrence of vacuum in the pipe, which leads to the emptying of siphons of sanitary appliances. If an aeration valve is installed, such a riser does not need to be ventilated. But ventilation of at least one riser in the house should be done.

10. It is necessary to provide sound insulation of sewer risers. To do this, it is better to place the risers in wall niches, cover them with a layer of mineral wool, and cover the niches with plasterboard.

11. The riser pipe at the ceiling level is fixed rigidly. On the floor, between the floors, the pipes are connected and secured in such a way as to ensure movement during temperature deformations. On the lower floor of the house, in an accessible place, a hatch is installed in the riser - an inspection.

12. Horizontal pipes connecting the risers and the outlet of the external sewerage system are laid in the basement of the house along the walls, in the ground under the floor. Every 15 m. and at each turn an inspection hatch is installed in the pipes.

13. Diameter horizontal pipes must be no less than the diameter of the riser pipes. The angles of rotation and connection of pipes are made at an angle of no more than 60 degrees. Pipes laid in the unheated part of the house are insulated.

A device for laying sewer pipes in a vertical niche in the wall, to the entire height of the floor, or in a horizontal groove, leads to a weakening of the strength of the wall. You should not make niches and grooves anywhere, at your own peril and risk. Niches and grooves with a depth of more than 3 cm. for laying communications in the walls must be provided for in the house design.

It is allowed, without agreement with the designer, to install vertical grooves in the lower part of the wall to a height of no more than 1/3 of the floor height.

External sewer outlet

Sewer outlet - an external section of pipe from the house, connected to the well of the central sewerage system of the village (if there is one), or to a drainless storage septic tank for removal of wastewater by a sewage disposal machine, or to the septic tank of local treatment facilities on the site.

It is recommended to install an inspection well on the exhaust pipe outside, directly next to the house. In a well, it is recommended to install in a pipe check valve. The valve will prevent flooding of the underground part of the building (for example, when a septic tank overflows) and prevent rodents from entering the house through sewer pipes.

The outer pipe at the exit from the inspection well is connected to the central sewerage system or to a septic tank autonomous system sewerage of a private house.

The outer pipe to the septic tank is laid with a slope of 2.5 - 3%, at a depth of about 0.4 m. If the release length is more than 5 m., then the pipe along its entire length is insulated with a shell made of polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam.

The outlet pipe should not be buried- otherwise, this will lead to the need to install a septic tank at great depth, which will cost more and complicate the operation of the septic tank.

Siphon in the sewer

The drain pipe of each sanitary fixture is connected to the supply pipe through a siphon. The siphon is a U-shaped elbow, in the lower part of which there is always a layer of drained liquid.

Some sanitary fixtures, such as toilets, have a built-in siphon. The layer of water in the siphon serves as a barrier for gases, preventing them from escaping from the sewer pipe into the room.

The siphon of a sanitary fixture may not be filled with water and allow gases to enter the room in the following cases:

1. If the sanitary appliance is not used for a long time, the water in the siphon dries out. During periods of inactivity (more than two weeks), it is recommended to close the drain holes of sanitary appliances.
2. When water is sucked out of a siphon as a result of the vacuum created in the pipes. The risk of water being sucked out of siphons increases with increasing length and decreasing diameter of the supply pipe, as well as in the absence of ventilation of risers and long supply pipes.

Sewage pumps with grinder for home

Effluent moves in sewer pipes by gravity, due to the laying of pipes with a slope.

However, situations sometimes arise in the house when it is difficult to create the necessary slope of pipes from sanitary fixtures. For example, if sanitary room installed in the basement of the house. Or it is necessary to move the drains a considerable distance (from the bathhouse), but it is not possible to create the required slope of the pipes.

To receive and forcefully move wastewater, special electric sewage pumps are installed. The fecal pump has a device for grinding the contents of wastewater and pumping it into higher-lying pipes of the sewer system.

A pump for forced movement of wastewater is installed after each sanitary fixture or for pumping wastewater from a group of closely located sanitary fixtures.

A fecal pump can lift wastewater to a height of up to 10 meters and move it several tens of meters.

Air flow into sewer pipes for ventilation occurs through the open end of the pipe in the septic tank or the receiving well of the central sewer system. The outlet of the sewer pipe through which wastewater flows from the house to the septic tank, should always be above the level of wastewater in it.

About the processes occurring during the movement of wastewater through sewer pipes, about the structure and correct use aeration valve watch this video:

Sewage options - drainage of wastewater from a private home

What to do with wastewater in a private house if there is no central sewerage system nearby?!

There are two sewer options- drainage of wastewater from a private house:

1. Drain water into drainage storage septic tank(storage tank, cesspool) with periodic, as it fills, pumping and removal of wastewater by a sewage truck to the treatment facilities of the nearest populated area.
2. Construction of local treatment facilities on the site and discharge of purified water into the natural environment - into the ground or onto the terrain.

The first method ensures the minimum construction cost sewerage, but the annual operating costs (removal of wastewater) can be significant.

The sewerage option with local treatment facilities is more expensive to construct, but can provide lower ongoing costs for maintaining the system.

Methods for cleaning sewer drains from a private home

Local wastewater treatment plants use a biological method to remove contaminants from wastewater. Wastewater treatment is carried out by microorganisms capable of decomposing organic pollutants. the main task biological treatment- removal of organic substances from wastewater. Biochemical reactions occurring during biological treatment are partially removed from wastewater and many chemical elements, reducing their concentration in wastewater.

Distinguish anaerobic(bacteria without oxygen access) and aerobic(bacteria in the presence of oxygen) biological treatment processes.

Two types of local sewage treatment facilities for a private home

To treat wastewater from a private home, use:

1. Anaerobic septic tanks, supplemented by ground treatment facilities with filter drainage through the soil layer. In soil filters, the process of post-treatment of wastewater occurs using aerobic bacteria.
2. Active septic tanks - cleaning devices, in which the process of intensive biological wastewater treatment using aerobic bacteria has been established. Treated wastewater from an active septic tank is usually discharged into the ground or onto the terrain.

First option, anaerobic septic tank with wastewater drainage into the ground, as a rule, cheaper to set up and operate. Here, in treatment facilities, conditions close to natural are created for the life of microorganisms. A simple device ensures long-term and reliable operation of the sewer system.

The second option with an active septic tank- more expensive and difficult to operate. An active septic tank is a high-tech factory-made apparatus in which artificial conditions for the vital activity of aerobic microorganisms, which can significantly speed up the cleaning process.

Sewage of a private house with an active septic tank provides the highest degree of wastewater treatment. Treated wastewater from an active septic tank is directed into the ground through drainage system. If the soils on the site are impermeable, wastewater is discharged onto the terrain, into a ditch.

An active septic tank requires connection to the electrical network, does not tolerate long interruptions in the supply of wastewater, is sensitive to power outages, and requires constant monitoring of operation, as well as timely repairs and maintenance.

Advantages - small dimensions, quick installation, independence from soil conditions on the site. For an economy-class house, it makes sense to use an active septic tank if there is not enough space on the site to accommodate ground filter drainage or when high level groundwater.

Cleaning sewer drains from a private house in an active septic tank Topas

Autonomous sewage system Topas - efficient and rational decision for the private sector, country and country estates, where there is a connection to central system sewerage is impossible. Many consumers have already managed to evaluate the presented system and characterize it with the best side, but what is it?

The Topas septic tank is a system for accumulating and treating wastewater, resulting in the cleanest water being brought to the surface. process water. The range of such devices is very wide - each buyer can choose the optimal product that can serve as a separate a private house, and a small cottage village.

The essence of autonomous sewage system Topas

In the production of Topas septic tanks, foamed polypropylene is used; additionally, storage chambers are equipped with stiffeners. This production technology makes it possible to achieve the following device parameters:

• High strength characteristics.
• Installation of the system in any weather conditions.
• System operation even in winter period time.
• Independence of soil type and groundwater level.

Let's note some advantages of autonomous sewerage:

• high level of water purification;
• there is no need to develop additional aeration areas;
• long service life;
• compact size, which allows you to install a septic tank in a minimum space;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of maintenance with a minimum of labor and financial costs and does not require calling out special equipment;
• secondary processing products can be used as fertilizer, and purified water for watering plantings;
• no foreign odors or noise;
• absolute tightness of the structure.

It is worth noting cons of the system, although it’s hard to call it a disadvantage:

• dependence on electricity;
• high cost of the product, but over time the costs will pay off;
• For installation, you will need to call a team of specialists, although independent installation is possible.

The principle of operation of an active septic tank

The operating principle of an autonomous sewage system can be divided into several stages:

1. Wastewater enters the receiving chamber, where it is purified from impurities and heavy contaminants. The filling level of the chamber is regulated; after filling, the wastewater enters the aeration tank.
2. An aeration process occurs, as a result of which the sewage is treated with oxygen and special bacteria.
3. Treated wastewater accumulates in a settling tank, from where the sludge that settles at the bottom is subsequently pumped out.
4. Process water goes into a stabilizer, from where it can be disposed of in the ground or used, for example, for irrigation.

Rules for operating an active septic tank Topas

Any Topas septic tank model is equipped with detailed instructions manual, but we will highlight a few rules that must be followed:

1. During a power outage, try to limit the flow of wastewater into the collection chamber to avoid overflow.
2. Do not allow aggressive chemicals, alkalis, acids, etc. to enter the system. – they will destroy the beneficial microorganisms of the device.
3. Do not throw garbage that is not intended for it into the sewer - leftover food, bags, plastic, etc. solid household waste.
4. Sludge cleaning takes place twice a year.
5. Some parts of the device must be replaced, for example, Air Mac compressor membranes - once every 2 years, aeration elements - once every 12 years.

Installation of an active septic tank Topas

Installing an autonomous sewer system will not cause any particular difficulties; the whole process is divided into several stages:

1. Finding a place where the septic tank will be installed - a distance of at least 5 meters must be maintained from the foundation of the buildings, while it is worth remembering about the trenches, pit, and drainage area that need to be dug.
2. Digging a pit, the dimensions of which vary depending on the size of the station. If the soil type is unstable, formwork will have to be installed.
3. Laying a sand or concrete cushion to prevent the station from floating. For small models, a sand cushion is provided, and for stations designed for maintenance large quantity users - made of concrete.
4. Installation of the station in a pit - manual or automatic method.
5. Laying sewer pipes.
6. Sealing sewer pipes at their connection to the device. A special polypropylene cord is used, which is included with the station.
7. Connecting the power cord that runs underground in a corrugated pipe.
8. Backfilling with soil is the last stage, in which water is simultaneously poured into the pit to a depth of 35 cm and covered with sand. The station must be completely immersed in the ground, otherwise there will be no normalization of external pressure.

Selecting an autonomous station model

When choosing a Topas septic tank, you should consider the following factors:

• number of future users;
• depth of the sewer pipe;
• Method of release of treated wastewater - forced or free.

Any Topas septic tank model will last a long time if the operating and installation rules are followed. It is worth turning to professionals who will not only quickly and competently provide all services for the selection and installation of an autonomous station, but will also provide a warranty for all installation work.

How to make an anaerobic septic tank and ground treatment facilities for autonomous sewerage in a private house with your own hands

More articles on this topic:

Where to direct sewer drains in a private house

The installation of a sewer system requires the most scrupulous attitude to all stages of the process, including depth, slope, and reliability of connections. Each of these factors has big influence on the quality of operation of the entire system. Negligence is unacceptable here; if you do not have confidence in your abilities, it is better to turn to professionals.

Laying depth of the sewer system

Modern sewer systems significantly improve the standard of living in a private home. If in previous years a toilet on the street was perceived as an unpleasant necessity, inseparable from a private home, today it is a sign of laziness of the owners or their extremely low income. Moreover, in the first case, you can get out of the situation by hiring professionals who will do absolutely all the work.

The depth of the pipeline depends on the depth of the septic tank.

Advice! The pipe laid between the building and the septic tank must be straight. Knees and turns will cause blockages.

Before installing a sewer system, it is worth finding out what the average freezing depth is in your region. The pipes need to be laid a little lower than these figures. Typically, the depth at which sewer pipes are located in a private house in the south is more than 50 cm. In the central part of the country, where the climate is harsher, the depth of sewer pipes in a private house is at least 70 cm. These figures are especially significant if sewer pipes are located under platforms or under paths, which are cleared of snow in winter.

Features of laying sewer pipes

Laying of sewer pipes must be carried out in accordance with the following rules:

• you need to use pipes of the required diameter;
• it is necessary to observe the standard slope norm (about 0.03 m per 1 linear meter of pipe);
• it is permissible to use pipes from different materials, but in one pipeline the pipes must match in material.

The depth of the pipeline can be determined based on the following points:

• the nature of the site (its topography, soil features);
• The point where the sewer pipe exits the house.

The angle of inclination is needed so that the wastewater flows by gravity, in this case there is no need to install a pump, and excess dirt will not accumulate inside the pipe, which can cause blockages. For the same purpose outer part the system is performed without turning. Inside the premises, the sewerage installation scheme in a private house allows for pipe rotations; this will not become a serious obstacle to the functionality of the system. If you allow the outer part of the sewer system to turn, you will definitely have to tear off these pipes. Consequently, neglecting these rules can create very serious problems that cannot always be solved quickly.

Advice! If it is impossible to lay a sewer pipe without turning, you need to make a well at the turning point, into which you can always penetrate and remove the blockage in this area. This technique allows you to lay a sewer pipeline in any area.

Why is laying depth important?

The main reason for the need to be overly careful about the depth of pipe laying is the possibility of freezing. If this happens in the middle of winter, residents of the house will be left without the ability to use the sewer system until warmer days when the ice melts. Even minimal ice build-up inside the pipes will lead to blockages and a decrease or complete cessation of permeability. This is a natural result of narrowing the lumen of the pipe. Getting rid of blockages in places where pipes turn in external system wells contribute.

This convenient device allows you to monitor the operation of the sewer system and eliminate emerging problems in a timely manner. It is not very difficult to make, but it brings a lot of comfort to the process of operation.

Taking into account the depth of soil freezing is a fundamental requirement. In order not to spend money on constructing deeper trenches than necessary, you need to have a clear understanding of the depth of soil freezing in a given area. Below is a table that will help you navigate this issue.

How to properly install thermal insulation?

In cold regions, it is recommended to supplement the sewer pipeline with thermal insulation. This technique allows you to extend the service life and eliminate the possibility of freezing at very low temperatures. Most often, polyurethane foam is used for this purpose. If you wrap the pipe in polyurethane foam and make a polyethylene shell on top, the pipe will not be afraid of frost.

If you lay pipes below the possible freezing point, the pipes will never freeze. In this case, additional protection is provided in case of extreme cold. When performing thermal insulation Special attention pay attention to joints and turning points. It is these zones that tolerate the effects of cold rather poorly. So insulation of turning points is mandatory.

In Europe, a more technologically advanced method is used. An electric cable is placed next to the pipeline; if necessary, it acts as a heater for the pipe. For many residents of our country, this method is too expensive, because paying for energy is not the smallest expense item. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the depth of pipe laying. In the central regions, it is better to choose a depth of 1 m. And in the northern regions, it is advisable to dig deeper trenches and carry out high-quality thermal insulation. For this you can either use fiberglass. If the pipes are located above the ground, they are also insulated similar materials. Since they can be filled with water, .

Video - Installation of external sewerage and insulation

The interior of the sewer system of a private house

For uninterrupted operation of the sewerage system, the following pipe diameter requirements must be observed:

• toilet, shower, bath, swimming pool – 10 – 11 cm;
• sink – 5 cm;
• riser – 10 – 11 cm.

Video - Correct installation of sewer pipes

External part of the sewer system of a private house

The main requirement is to ensure proper slope. Only correct drain– gravity flow. Too much low speed will lead to blockages. Moving wastewater too quickly will accelerate the destruction of pipes.

The scheme for laying sewerage in a private house includes a description of the characteristics of the pipe exiting the premises. The rules for removing the pipe from the house depend on the type of foundation. At strip foundation the output is located on the side. For slab installations, the pipe is laid from top to bottom; for this, a section of pipe and a 45° elbow are used. To install a sewer system, a sleeve pipe is laid in the foundation in advance, through which the main pipeline is then routed. Such a base is needed to protect the pipeline from excessive pressure and potential destruction.

In the photo - Standard depth for laying a sewer pipe.

In order not to make a mistake about the depth of pipe installation, you need to find out how things are going with your neighbors who have already installed a drain for themselves. If they have problems with pipe freezing, you will need to bury your pipe further. No matter how deep the pipe lies, a slope is required in any case. Usually make 2 - 3 cm per linear meter.

1. You should do this first detailed diagram piping inside the house. This will reduce time and financial costs by providing all the best options.
2. The pipes are routed towards the riser or septic tank, sharp corners are excluded.
3. The riser on each floor must be equipped with a tee designed to service the sewer system for quick cleaning.

Separate design section engineering communications– planning of the sewerage system. Owners of cottages and country houses Often you have to independently draw up a diagram and install equipment, so knowing the nuances of organizing work is simply necessary.

The efficiency of the system largely depends on whether the sewerage installation in a private house is done correctly - internal system pipes and equipment connected to them. For competent design, it is important to take into account everything: from the choice of components to the material of manufacture individual elements. And we will tell you how to do it correctly.

Unlike electricity, gas, and water supply systems, which are installed in accordance with documentation certified by certain authorities, sewerage is on its own plot of land and it is allowed to equip the house without permits.

However, one cannot do without a project, as it will protect against errors associated with violation of generally accepted requirements.

For example, one of the common violations is failure to respect the boundaries of the sanitary zone when installing drain hole. The supply and drain systems must not come into contact with each other.

Option for arranging communications in a private one-story house– external plumbing and sewer system located according to different sides from the building

The installation of internal wiring is often associated with errors in the organization of ventilation, incorrect choice of pipe diameter or angle of inclination.

The construction of an axonometric diagram is usually carried out by specialists. They also perform hydraulic calculations internal network and the highway located with outside building. Now there are more interesting option– creation of a sewerage model in 3D format.

3D modeling programs allow you to create an accurate and complete project that simplifies the selection of pipes, fittings, fasteners, and installation methods as much as possible.

They turn to specialists for a project when they want to reduce risks. But there is another option - study sanitary and technical standards, familiarize yourself with internal wiring diagrams, learn to understand the quality plumbing equipment and create a project yourself.

Placement of important system components

The peculiarity of an autonomous sewerage system is that the principles of its arrangement depend on each component in common system.

For example, the criterion for choosing a wastewater storage tank is not only the number of people living in the cottage, but also the number of connected drainage sources for technical and domestic waters– from the house, garage, bathhouse, summer kitchen.

Work planning and scheme selection

The installation of sewer pipes is usually carried out together with the installation of a water supply system; accordingly, it is better to design these two systems together.

If we summarize all the documents that make up the project and try to act according to the rules, we will get the following list:

1. General data – description and conditions for installation of water supply and sanitation systems based on regulatory documents.
2. Explication of the premises (explanation of the diagram) indicating wet areas and the method of waterproofing them.
3. Calculation of water consumption and wastewater disposal volumes taking into account standards.
4. Floor plan for the location of the water supply system and axonometric diagram.
5. Floor plan for sewerage location.
6. Specification - listing all constituent elements indicating the quantity or footage.

You can refuse to install additional ventilation equipment, but provided that the private house is not higher than 2 floors, and the load on sewer network minimal.

If many people live in the building, the number of bathrooms is more than 2, the wastewater is discharged into treatment plant, then installation fan pipe required. Thanks to it, the atmosphere in the house will be healthy, and the water from the water seals will not disappear anywhere due to the pressure difference in the network.

Features of wiring in a multi-storey building

The number of risers does not increase due to the presence of the 2nd or 3rd floors, but the connection diagram becomes more complicated, since branches are present on all floors. For multi-storey buildings there is a “code” set out in SNiP documents.