PPR for scaffolding. Work project for the installation of scaffolding - file n1.rtf PPR for the installation of scaffolding example

In fact, scaffolding is a universal equipment with the help of which different kinds works Be it easy redecorating or masonry, the use of these installations will be relevant in any case.

If you decide to purchase such equipment, first of all you should study the PPR for scaffolding. Using this document, you can effectively plan and organize work and accurately position the structure. Error-free installation requires the following: positive points:

— the efficiency of work performed is significantly increased;

— time resources for their implementation are saved;

— ensuring the safety of workers.

Therefore, the PPR for installation scaffolding Should be used by both novice and experienced builders.

Also, the versatility of scaffolding lies in the possibility of using it on various types construction sites. Their use is relevant in the construction of small private buildings, as well as in the construction of large objects. Scaffolding is often used when performing facade works multi-storey buildings. Thus, the equipment itself becomes a large structure that is tightly adjacent to the construction site. Thus, it becomes necessary to develop a project for the creation and installation of scaffolding. A carefully thought-out layout will make it possible to position the structure as correctly and accurately as possible, saving money on their purchase and installation.

There are several options for developing such a document. Most optimal solution is its independent preparation. Specialists who know all the intricacies of planning can also help in this matter. It is especially important to turn to professionals when it is necessary to work with complex facades. And if future work is not specific, you can easily download a free PPR for scaffolding on the Internet. However, this option also has its own nuances. Poor workmanship that contains errors can result in a scaffolding project that is not only ineffective, but also dangerous. Therefore, before downloading a project online, you must first carefully study existing options PPR for scaffolding. The sample must be properly designed and comply with all standardized rules and requirements. It's also better to check if it was actually implemented. It is you, and not the first developer of the PPR for the installation of scaffolding, who will be responsible for the result obtained.

From the above it follows that the most ideal option there will be an appeal to professionals who will prepare a personal project corresponding upcoming works. This will guarantee the correct installation of the scaffolding and safe work of people.

If you will independently prepare a work permit for the installation of scaffolding, you will need to download several options. When carefully studying the documents, you should take into account the huge number of subtleties and details that need to be understood. For example, what should be the distance between the wall of the structure and the scaffolding. It is also necessary to have information regarding permissible height differences on scaffolding. You can download the PPR for scaffolding on the websites of scaffolding manufacturers like ours. However, only experienced specialists can know such clarifications.

By turning to professionals, the PPR will be developed with high quality and in the shortest possible time. After which, you can confidently begin to carry out work. Without this document, activity is in principle impossible, or rather, even illegal. After all, documentary evidence of correct installation and safety is the basis of any construction activity. Only after confirming this with existing standards is it possible to begin installing scaffolding. PPR for installation auxiliary structures are an integral part of organizational and technological documents and are necessary when preparing permits for any construction works.

In Moscow and the region last years There has been an increase in the volume of construction and installation work using scaffolding, which is due to their small share of cost in the total cost of the building and the availability of cheap labor.

Scaffolding is used to accommodate workers, tools and materials when performing construction and repair work on the facades of buildings, including during their insulation, finishing, and installation facade systems.

Scaffolding is installed on buildings and structures with a variety of architectural, planning and constructive solutions, configuration, height and length.

Scaffolding is indispensable in the cramped conditions of Moscow urban development, where they can be used not only as universal remedy scaffolding, but also as protective screen.

The PPR for scaffolding is an organizational and technological document and is in demand by local government supervision authorities when preparing permits for façade work.

Scaffolding is a spatial multi-tiered and multi-sectional structure that allows you to organize workplaces at height, in various horizontal and vertical surfaces.

Currently, in Moscow and the region, rack-mounted scaffolding attached to a building or structure is widely used.

Rack-mounted attached scaffolding is used to perform the following work:
1) Construction of stone and facing small-sized materials (bricks, blocks, slabs, etc.) masonry during the construction of buildings and structures.
2) Repair and reconstruction of building facades, including replacement window frames, insulation device.
3) Plastering, painting and other facade finishing works.

Attached scaffolding is attached to the facade of the building with plugs (dowels) of various systems.

Scaffolding consists of steel pipes: vertical posts, horizontal longitudinal crossbars, transverse and diagonal braces (braces), which determine the rigidity of the spatial structure.

Scaffolding structures - inventory, lightweight, collapsible, reusable. Scaffolding turnover is at least 60 times, and its service life is at least 5 years.

According to the degree of prefabricability, that is, reducing the labor intensity and time of installation and dismantling, attached rack-mount scaffolding can be made and assembled from single tubular, flat frame or volumetric frame elements.

By design node connections(during installation and dismantling) rack-mount tubular scaffolding is divided into types: those connected using bolted or wedge clamps and connected using hook or wedge clamps. Racks and frame elements are joined using pipes.

A wooden panel flooring is laid on crossbars or cross braces perpendicularly (parallel) to the wall.

Ladders for climbing to tiers are suspended from cross braces and supported on flooring panels.

Rack-mounted scaffolding is installed on support shoes. The load of the scaffolding is transferred to the shoes and then through wooden pads to the ground.

Scaffolding is equipped with safety equipment. To prevent people and objects from falling from a height, fences are installed, and to protect against atmospheric discharges, lightning rods and grounding are installed.

Scaffolding is installed on a leveled and compacted ground surface, with a drainage device.

Under the shoes of each pair of racks, pads made of boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm are laid in the transverse direction. The lining should be ensured to be horizontal, but without the help of bricks, stones or scraps of boards.

The scaffolding is equipped with adjustable screw supports to ensure horizontality. The horizontal position of scaffolding can be ensured by installing a special temporary support structure. Vertical elements of scaffolding (racks and frames) are installed plumb, and horizontal elements (braces and flooring) are installed level. When building racks and frames from pipes onto pipes, the gap between the pipes and pipes should not exceed 3 mm. When installing hollow (tubular) structures, it is necessary to take measures against the ingress and accumulation of water in them.

Scaffolding installed near the passage of vehicles is protected with fender bars so that they are located at a distance of at least 0.6 meters from the vehicle dimensions.

When laying wooden flooring, the strength of the fastening and the absence of the possibility of shifting are checked. The gaps between the flooring boards are no more than 5 mm. The protrusions of the boards beyond the surface of the board should not exceed 3 mm. The flooring panels can be overlapped along the length, the joints are placed on the support and overlap it by at least 200 mm in each direction, the thresholds are beveled (from straight to an angle of 30 degrees). The deck must be equipped with a side fence with a height of at least 150 mm.

Scaffolding must be equipped with a fence with a railing height of at least 1.1 m, the fence must have an intermediate horizontal support or mesh.

Places for attaching scaffolding to the facade of the building are indicated in the PPR. As a rule, fastening is carried out with anchors (dowels) at least through one tier for the outer racks, through two spans for the upper tier and one fastening every 50 square meters projections of the scaffolding surface onto the façade of the building. If the attachment points coincide with the openings of the building (windows, stained glass windows, etc.), the scaffolding is attached to load-bearing structures(walls, columns, ceilings) with inside buildings using various devices and devices. Scaffolding should not be attached to balconies, eaves or parapets.

The gap between the building wall and the flooring is set to no more than 50 mm for stone and 150 mm for finishing works. Scaffolding is equipped with ladders with non-slip supports to move workers between tiers. Stairs are installed at an angle of 70-75 degrees to the horizontal.

Scaffolding must be equipped with lightning protection. The grounding resistance of scaffolding should be no more than 15 Ohms. During the installation and dismantling of scaffolding electric wires, located closer than 5 meters from the scaffolding must be de-energized.

During a thunderstorm and wind force of more than 6 points, installation and dismantling of scaffolding is prohibited.

Scaffolding is allowed for use after testing. When testing scaffolding with standard loads, their strength and stability, the reliability of the flooring and fences, and grounding are assessed.

Scaffolding must be under control load for at least 2 hours. The fencing railings must withstand a concentrated static load of 70 kgf applied in the middle. All load-bearing horizontal connections must withstand a concentrated static load of 130 kgf applied in the middle.

Dismantling of scaffolding is carried out in the reverse order of installation. The dismantled parts are lowered by crane or using lifting devices.

During the dismantling of scaffolding, all doorways on the first floor and exits to the balconies of all floors must be closed.

PPR for forests in difficult conditions

Under difficult conditions is understood:
1) Installation of scaffolding during the construction of high-rise (30 floors and above) monolithic residential and public buildings;
2) Installation of scaffolding during the construction or repair of building facades that have a complex shape in plan (polygonal, oval and other complex outlines of the building’s outer walls in plan);
3) Installation of scaffolding on buildings with protruding elements (canopies, overhanging parts, balconies, loggias, etc.).

In Moscow, the volume of construction of high-rise buildings is growing every year. Also, buildings in plan can have a complex shape with rectangular and oval outlines. Often, window and other openings in these buildings allow support devices to be installed in them to install scaffolding at height.

Different types of scaffolding allow the use various schemes installation of scaffolding on buildings in great height or with a complex wall configuration, as well as other local conditions. For example, LRSPKh clamp scaffolding on high-rise buildings is installed using double racks, as a rule, up to a height of 80 meters, and above (up to 160 meters) - single racks. The distance between double racks is usually taken to be 300 mm. Installation of tiers of scaffolding is carried out in the usual way, in accordance with the developed PPR.

Scaffolding is attached to the building using factory-made metal plugs or polymer dowels, as well as through openings (windows, doors, balconies). When the place where the scaffolding is attached to the building falls into the opening, the fastening is done using an inventory device. Inventory fastening of scaffolding to the window opening of a building is made, as a rule, from the same tubular elements as the scaffolding. Elongated transverse braces of the scaffolding are inserted into the opening, then longitudinal pipes are laid on them close to the wall. Fastening of connections and pipes is carried out using clamps or another method.

If the complex configuration of the building walls does not allow the use of the usual scaffolding installation scheme with the shoes resting on the ground, then the scaffolding can be installed on supporting devices at a height. Supporting devices are mounted on the ceiling using cantilever beams or on the wall using brackets. The beams are laid on the floor through sheet metal supports so that the length of their cantilever part allows the installation of scaffolding at a distance of 600 mm from the wall to the axis of the internal post. Then, racks with a screw mechanism are installed on the opposite ends of the beams. Upper strut supports with wooden spacers lead to the ceiling. Using screw mechanisms with a tightening torque of at least 5 kgf*m, the racks rest against the ceiling and beams, pressing them against the ceiling and at the same time securing the support device in the opening. To secure the scaffolding to the support device, loops welded to the beams are used. Metal channels can be used as cantilever beams based on calculations in the PPR for the installation of scaffolding. Telescopic mounting posts with a screw mechanism for adjusting the height of the supports can be used as spacer posts.

Another option for cantilever installation of scaffolding at a height (without supporting the shoes on the ground) is the use of a support device mounted on a reinforced concrete wall using a special bracket. To install the bracket, a hole is made in the reinforced concrete wall into which a pin is installed. A stand is hung on the stud, which has an eye at the top and bottom for hinged mounting of the brace and beam on the studs. Standard shoes are welded to the beam, into which scaffolding posts are inserted and the scaffolding is installed. Bracket parts are made from rolled steel profiles depending on the load of the scaffolding. The point of attachment of the brace on the beam, from the condition of equality of bending moments (the economical cross-section of the beam and the least weight), should be located at a distance of 4/5 of the length of the beam from the wall. A stud for attaching the bracket to the wall is usually used at least M18. The studs in the bracket hinges can be structurally identical with a diameter in the unthreaded section of at least 28 mm. Each bracket usually withstands a load of at least 2400 kgf from two scaffolding posts.

When installing scaffolding on a building with balconies (loggias), an installation scheme is used taking into account the ledge of the building wall. The outrigger is mounted on the scaffolding using diagonal rods. Installation of scaffolding in this case is usually carried out using at least three diagonal rods. Bolted clamps are used as nodal connections during installation. The racks are joined using pipes. A wooden panel flooring is laid on the crossbars (or cross braces) perpendicularly (parallel) to the wall. The strength and stability of scaffolding with this design is ensured by following the installation rules in accordance with the PPR and must be maintained during the operation of the scaffolding. Under these conditions, there are no horizontal components from the load on the scaffolding, and forces of separation of the scaffolding from the wall do not arise. In order to increase the stability of the scaffolding (unloading the assembly of the scaffolding to the wall), the shoe with the stand is loaded foundation block FBS type.

Methodological documentation in construction

MDS 12-40.2008

Moscow 2008

INTRODUCTION

1 EXPLANATORY NOTE

Table 1

2 LIST OF DOCUMENTS USED

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

3.1 Preparatory work

Rice. 1. Fragment of the construction site plan

3.1.2 Inspection, control and assessment of the technical condition of the components of the erected scaffolding is carried out. The names of the components are given in Table 1. Damaged components are subject to rejection. 3.1.3 Preparation for operation, installation and startup is carried out lifting mechanisms(roof crane or winch) for lifting and lowering scaffolding components. These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers of lifting mechanisms. 3.1.4 Mechanization equipment (hand-held drilling machines, hammer drills, rammers, etc.) and tools are prepared, their completeness and readiness for work is checked. 3.1.5 For the installation of scaffolding, a planned and compacted platform is prepared, from which water drainage must be arranged, or a platform with asphalt concrete pavement. If the soil is wet, then compaction is carried out with the addition of crushed stone, broken bricks, concrete. Due to the difference in heights of up to 400 mm, the area for scaffolding along the facade in axes 1-12 is leveled horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions. To level out height differences of up to 500 mm, standard concrete slabs and boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm are used. 3.1.6 The scope of work is divided into three sections with a length of 24 m along the facade of the building and a height of no higher than 40 m, starting with the section in axes 12-8. In this case, one set of scaffolding LSPR-200 is used (960 m 2 with dimensions 40 × 24 m). The location of the scaffolding on the first grip on the wall of the building in axes 12-8 is shown in Fig. 2. The length of the scaffolding support platform is 24 m, the width is at least 1.5 m. The height difference of up to 400 mm in the longitudinal direction is leveled by laying concrete slabs and boards.

Rice. 2. Location of scaffolding on the first capture

3.1.7 Marking of installation points for anchor plugs on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the working drawing for the wall (see Fig. 2) or “in situ”. At the initial stage, beacon points for marking the wall are determined so that the points do not coincide with the window openings. If the attachment point coincides with the opening in the wall, the scaffolding is attached to load-bearing structures (walls, columns, floors) from the inside of the building using fastening devices and devices; It is not allowed to attach scaffolding to balconies, cornices, or parapets. The distance from the installation point of the anchor plug to the opening must be at least 150-200 mm. Horizontal extreme points determined using a level, the points are marked with indelible paint. At two extreme points using laser level and a tape measure, determine and mark with paint intermediate points for installing anchor plugs. Then vertical lines are determined at the extreme points of the horizontal line. Use indelible paint to mark the installation points of the anchor plugs on the outermost vertical lines.

3.2 Basic work

Rice. 3. Installation of shoes

Two adjacent frames of the first tier are inserted into the shoes and connected with ties. Next, other adjacent frames are installed in the same way, every 3 m, and this operation is repeated until the length of the scaffolding is equal to the length of the grip. Then the crossbars with decking are installed on the first two sections on the right and left sides of the scaffolding. The assembly of the first tier of scaffolding is shown in Fig. 4.

Rice. 4. Assembly of the first tier of scaffolding

The joints of the flooring are placed on the support and overlap it by at least 200 mm in each direction, while the thresholds are beveled from straight to an angle of 30°. The flooring is equipped with a side fence 150 mm high. Installation of the second tier of scaffolding. A second tier of scaffolding is installed on the first tier, and the diagonal ties are positioned in such a way that they are installed in a checkerboard pattern. Crossbars with decking are installed in the second and third spans (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Assembly of the second tier of scaffolding

Rice. 6. Scheme of attaching scaffolding to the wall

3.2.4 Dismantling of scaffolding for its relocation to a new grip is carried out in the reverse order of their installation, that is, starting from the top tier. Remains of façade cladding parts, equipment and tools are removed from the decking. The lowering of the dismantled scaffolding components is carried out using a winch or roof crane.

4 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

table 2

5 NEED FOR MECHANIZATION, TOOLS, INVENTORY AND DEVICES

Table 3

6 SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Application
DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING PLUG JAMING FORCES

Device for monitoring jammed plugs

The assembly of the device is carried out in the following sequence. A clamp 1 with bracket 4 and a block is secured to the internal scaffolding post opposite the plug with the anchor. Below, at a distance of about 400 mm, clamp 2 is secured with crossbar 3. Sling 5 is put on the anchor hook, thrown over the block and secured with a “noose” on the crossbar. Sling 6 is hung on the loop of the crossbar. Clamp 2 is adjusted and secured so that the crossbar takes a horizontal position and rotates freely in the hinge. A control weight of 32 kg is suspended from the free end of the sling 6, which by means of a lever (taking into account the efficiency coefficients in the hinge and block) creates a pulling force of 300 kgf on the anchor hook. Under the influence of this force, the plug should not be pulled out of the wall. Dimensions of the device: length - 1240, width - 175 and height - 1200 mm. Weight does not exceed 8 kg. Using this device, you can not only control, but also measure the force that pulls the plug out of the wall if a dynamometer is inserted between crossbar 3 and sling 6.

MDS 12-57.2010

Moscow 2010

INTRODUCTION

In Russian megacities, there is an increase in the construction of high-rise (from 30 floors and above) monolithic reinforced concrete residential and public buildings. Various works are carried out on the facades of these buildings using scaffolding: finishing, insulation and others.

Scaffolding is applicable for buildings with a variety of architectural, planning and design parameters, configuration, height and length.

Scaffolding is indispensable in cramped urban conditions, where they are used as a universal means of scaffolding, as well as for placing building materials and facade structures.

The labor intensity of scaffolding installation does not, as a rule, exceed 0.6 man-hours per 1 m2 of façade area.

Projects for the execution of works for the installation of scaffolding are part of the main organizational and technological documents for construction and are in demand by local government supervision authorities when issuing permits for construction work.

The document is directly applicable to the installation of the most widely used scaffolding, manufactured according to the technical specifications of GOST 27321-87. In this work project, tubular, clamp scaffolding is used, the racks of which are joined using pipes.

The work production project consists of text and graphic parts. The graphic part is represented by diagrams of components, installation sequence, fastening of the scaffolding to the wall, and the supporting device of the scaffolding on the floor of the building.

This methodological document is intended to assist design, engineering and construction organizations in developing a project for the installation of high-rise scaffolding.

The methodological document is based on the results of the work of ZAO TsNIIOMTP and other design and technological institutes, as well as a generalization of the practical experience of scaffolding installation by REMSTROYSERVIS-R LLC and other Moscow construction organizations.

1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING AND SCAFFOLDING

The monolithic reinforced concrete residential building has a complex shape in plan with rectangular and oval outlines of the walls, overall dimensions: length along the facade is not less than 50 m, width - 30 m, height - up to 160 m. The thickness of the walls and interfloor ceilings is not less than 200 mm, window and other openings allow the installation of support devices for installing scaffolding at height.

The project for the installation of scaffolding was developed on the basis of a contract, technical specifications and the submitted initial data. The technical specifications and initial data include: working documentation for construction work on the facade, passport and instructions for installing scaffolding, drawings for the building (to the extent necessary for installing scaffolding).

This work project was developed using the following initial data.

The design of clamp scaffolding is inventory, lightweight, collapsible, reusable. Scaffold turnover is at least 60 times, and service life is at least 5 years.

Scaffolding, for example: LSPKH-200-60 from Metakon, rack-mounted attached clamps in accordance with GOST 27321. The height of the tier is 2 m, the pitch of the racks along the wall is 2.5 m, the width of the passage between the racks is 1.25 m. Panels floorings can be laid on all tiers at the same time. Standard load is no more than 200 kgf/m2. The maximum height of the scaffolding is 60 m.

The scaffolding is mounted from tubular elements - racks and half-posts with a diameter of 60 mm, installed in support shoes with wooden linings, from longitudinal links with a diameter of 48 mm, connected to the racks using clamps, crossbars, securing the scaffolding to the wall using metal or polymer plugs (dowels) . On the outer sections of the scaffolding, diagonal connections are installed using rotary clamps.

Racks and half-racks are joined using pipes.

The links are connected to each other using bolts.

The plugs are inserted into holes drilled in the wall. Hooks are screwed into the plugs, and the plugs are wedged out. The eyes of the crossbars are put on the hooks, after which the crossbars are secured with clamps to the racks.

A non-rotating clamp connects posts and half-posts with crossbars and railings at right angles. A rotary clamp connects posts with diagonal braces at an acute or obtuse angle.

The outer rows of racks are fastened through one tier in height, the inner rows of racks are fastened in a checkerboard pattern through two tiers in height and through two racks horizontally.

When using scaffolding in accordance with GOST 27321, for example, type LSPH-200-60 from Metakon, for installation on high-rise buildings, a number of measures based on calculations are performed that are not provided for by the manufacturer.

To increase the load-bearing capacity of high-rise scaffolding, so-called double racks made of pipes with an outer diameter of 60 mm are used, which are the main element of high-rise scaffolding and the main condition for installing standard scaffolding on high-rise buildings. The bearing capacity of the rack must be checked by calculation; the load on the rack should not exceed 3 tf. The actual load on the most loaded racks should be selectively determined experimentally, using instruments, such as special scales, and recorded in the work log.

In addition to this main event, the following activities are also carried out.

Thus, the standard load on forests is not set at 200 kgf/m2, but reduced, for example, no more than 100 kgf/m2.

To reduce the load on the scaffolding, according to the calculation, the number of working and protective flooring is reduced. In this case, flooring panels can not be laid on all tiers at the same time, but one by one and staggered.

Depending on local conditions, it may be necessary to change the pitch of the racks along the wall: for example, not 2.5 m, but 2.6 m or 2.4 m.

The width of the passage between the racks can be taken not 1.25 m, but, for example, 1.31 m.

The scheme for attaching the scaffolding to the wall, specified in the manufacturer's operating instructions, may be changed.

Scaffolding can be mounted not on an unpaved site (without or with an asphalt concrete surface), but at a height - on supporting devices made of cantilever beams.

With simple architectural and construction solutions for a building, one or two of the above activities are carried out. Modern architectural and construction solutions for buildings are complex, which requires the development of almost all or all of the above measures and their corresponding reflection in the scaffolding installation project.

All of these measures, as stated, must be justified by calculations and agreed with the manufacturer.

The implementation of the above measures allows the use of various installation schemes for high-rise scaffolding, depending on the configuration of the walls, the height of the building and other local conditions.

The project outlines the provisions for the organization and technology of scaffolding installation, requirements for the quality and acceptance of work, determines the need for mechanization, tools, equipment and devices, and specifies safety and labor protection requirements.

When developing the project, the regulatory, methodological and reference documents specified in the List of Used Documents were used.

2 LIST OF DOCUMENTS USED

SNiP 3.03.01-87. Load-bearing and enclosing structures.

SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction.

SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements.

SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

GOST 12.1.004-91. SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements.

GOST 12.1.019-79. SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection.

GOST 12.1.030-81. SSBT. Electrical safety. Protective grounding, grounding.

GOST 12.1.046-85. SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites.

GOST 12.4.011-89. SSBT. Protective equipment for workers. General requirements and classification.

GOST R 12.4.026-2001. SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings.

GOST 12.4.059-89. SSBT. Construction. Inventory protective fences. General technical conditions.

GOST 7502-98. Metal measuring tapes. Technical conditions.

GOST 7948-80. Steel plumb lines for construction. Technical conditions.

GOST 8240-97. Hot-rolled steel channels. Assortment.

GOST 23407-78. Inventory fencing for construction sites and construction sites. Technical conditions.

GOST 24258-88. Scaffolding means. General technical conditions.

GOST 26887-86. Platforms and stairs for construction and installation work. General technical conditions.

GOST 27321-87. Rack-mounted, attached scaffolding for construction and installation work. Technical conditions.

PPB-01-03. Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation.

POT R M-016-2001. Interindustry rules on labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations.

MDS 12-25.2006. Scaffolding. Installation, calculation, operation. - M.: JSC "TsPP", 2006.

MDS 12-41.2008. Assembly equipment for temporary fastening of prefabricated elements of erected and dismantled buildings. - M.: JSC "TsPP", 2008.

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

3.1 Preparatory work

3.1.1 Before the start of installation work, the following preparatory work is carried out:

The scaffolding installation area (as well as approaches to it and nearby areas) is exempt from building structures, materials, mechanisms and construction waste and is fenced in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03. Fences must meet the requirements of GOST 23407; warning signs are installed in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026;

Installation workers are instructed on the procedure, techniques and rules for assembling and attaching scaffolding to the wall.

The plan for the scaffolding installation area is given in the work production project on sheets, usually in A2 (420×594) or A3 (297×420) format. In Fig. 1 shows as an example a fragment of a plan for the scaffolding installation area on an area corresponding to the factory set of scaffolding. Symbols according to RD-11-06 show scaffolding, the boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from a scaffolding layer, and temporary fencing of the installation area.

The boundary of the danger zone is established by calculation according to RD-11-06, depending on the height of the scaffold layer.

LEGEND:

Rice. 1

3.1.2 Inspection, control and assessment of the technical condition of the components of the erected scaffolding are carried out. Damaged components must be discarded.

The components sorted by detail are laid along the walls.

3.1.3 Preparations for work are carried out, installation and launch of lifting mechanisms (roof crane, jib crane, winch) for lifting and lowering scaffolding components. These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the factories that manufacture lifting mechanisms.

3.1.4 Mechanization equipment (hand-held drilling machines, hammer drills, rammers, etc.) and tools are prepared, their completeness and readiness for work are checked.

3.1.5 To support the scaffolding along the facade, a platform with a width of at least 3 m with an asphalt concrete surface or a leveled and compacted dirt platform is prepared. The bearing capacity of the sites is checked by calculation. Water drainage must be arranged from the site. If the soil is wet, then compaction is carried out with the addition of crushed stone, broken brick, and concrete.

If there is a difference in height, then the scaffolding area along the facade is leveled horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions. To level out the difference in height, standard concrete slabs and boards with a thickness of at least 40 - 50 mm can be used.

3.1.6 Marking of installation points for anchor plugs on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the working drawing for the wall or “in situ”.

At the initial stage, beacon points for marking the wall are determined so that the points do not coincide with the window openings. If the attachment point coincides with the opening in the wall, the scaffolding is attached to load-bearing structures (walls, columns, floors) from the inside of the building using fastening devices and devices; It is not allowed to attach scaffolding to balconies, cornices, or parapets.

The distance from the installation point of the anchor plug to the opening must be at least 150 - 200 mm. The horizontality of the extreme points is determined using a level, the points are marked with indelible paint. At the two extreme points, using a laser level and tape measure, determine and mark with paint the intermediate points for installing the anchor plugs. Then, at the extreme points of the horizontal line, vertical lines are determined. Use indelible paint to mark the installation points of the anchor plugs on the outermost vertical lines.

3.2 Basic work

3.2.1 Installation work with zero mark are made by grippers, taking into account, as a rule, the use of one set of scaffolding supplied by the manufacturer for gripping. The volume of the scaffold is usually set to no more than 50 m along the façade of the building and a height of no higher than 60 m. When installing scaffolding from an elevation of 60 m and above, the height of the scaffold is taken to be no higher than 20 m.

To speed up the installation of scaffolding (if there are several sets of scaffolding), work can be carried out with several parallel grips.

Independent parallel gripping can be organized when installing scaffolding on a support device made of cantilever beams, which is installed on the interfloor ceiling at a height, usually above 60 m.

3.2.2 When using double racks up to a height of 80 m, and above - single scaffolding is mounted at a height of up to 160 m. The distance between double racks is usually taken to be 300 mm (Fig. 2).

If the configuration of the wall does not allow the use of such a scheme, then the scaffolding is installed on the above support devices on the floor of the building. The height of the grip is assumed to be no higher than 20 m.

Rice. 2

3.2.3 Installation of scaffolding is carried out, according to the manufacturer’s instructions, in tiers for the length of the grip.

The technological installation process consists of assembling the first, second, third and other tiers, attaching scaffolding to the building and installing supporting devices at height.

3.2.4 The scaffold tiers are assembled as follows. Shoes with screw height adjustment are installed on a prepared platform that is level in the horizontal plane (see Section 3.1).

The height difference in the direction along the wall is leveled by laying concrete slabs and board linings.

Under the shoes of each pair of racks, a lining made of boards with a thickness of at least 40 - 50 mm is laid in the transverse direction. Installation of shoes is shown in Fig. 3, a.

The main parts of the tiers are assembled in the following sequence.

Double racks of the inner and outer rows of scaffolding are installed in the shoes (Fig. 3, b).

Transverse and longitudinal connections are installed on the internal and external rows of racks for the supports of the first assembly tier (Fig. 3, c).

At each rack, panels are laid on the longitudinal supports-supports of the first assembly tier.

From the platforms of the first assembly tier, longitudinal braces of the first working tier are installed and holes are drilled in the wall for plugs (dowels) for fastening the transverse braces of the first working tier.

Plugs (dowels) are inserted into the holes and cross braces are attached to the wall.

From the platforms of the first assembly tier, fences of the first working tier are installed, corner posts, transfer the panels of the assembly tier to the flooring of the first tier. The flooring is equipped with a side fence 150 mm high.

Racks are built up from the flooring of the first tier, a second mounting tier is installed, from which the second working tier is assembled.

The assembly operations of subsequent tiers are repeated.

Rice. 3

3.2.5 The scaffolding is attached to the building to a reinforced concrete wall with a thickness of at least 200 mm using factory-made metal plugs or polymer dowels and through openings (windows, doors, balconies).

Fastening scaffolding using dowels is shown in Fig. 4.

Rice. 4

Dowels, for example type MGD 14×100, with a MUNGO MGV 12×350 bolt with a ring are secured in the wall four meters apart in a checkerboard pattern according to the intended fastening points. The diameter and depth of the hole in the wall must correspond to the values ​​​​specified in the factory instructions.

The strength of the fastening of the dowels in the wall is checked by calculation and must be tested selectively using a device (device) for pulling the plug out of the wall. The pulling force from concrete must be provided at least 300 kgf.

If a hole is drilled by mistake in the wrong place and a new one needs to be drilled, then the latter must be located at least one depth of the drilled hole from the mistaken one. This rule is not necessary if the erroneous hole is pre-concreted or filled with a polymer composition of similar strength.

Cleaning the holes from drilling waste (dust) is done with compressed air.

The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and hammered down with a mounting hammer.

Attaching scaffolding to the wall through a window opening is shown in Fig. 5.

Rice. 5

The inventory fastening device is made, as a rule, from the same tubular elements as the scaffolding.

Elongated transverse scaffolding links are inserted into the opening, then longitudinal pipes are laid on them close to the wall. Fastening of connections and pipes is carried out using clamps or another method.

3.2.6 The supporting device at height is mounted from two cantilever beams and spacer posts. The beams are laid on the floor through sheet metal supports so that the length of their cantilever part allows the scaffolding to be installed at a distance of 600 mm from the wall to the axis of the internal rack. Then racks with screw mechanisms are installed on the opposite ends of the beams. The upper supports of the racks with wooden spacers are brought to the ceiling. Using screw mechanisms with a tightening torque of at least 5 kgf m, the racks rest against the ceiling and beams, pressing them against the ceiling and at the same time securing the support device in the opening.

To secure the scaffolding to the supporting device, loops welded to the beams are used.

A channel according to GOST 8240 is most often used as cantilever beams. The number of the channel (from No. 12 and more) is selected by calculation depending on the load from the scaffolding, which is determined by direct summation of the weight of the scaffolding parts (no more than 20 m in height) and the working load. The weight of the cantilever beam should not exceed 140 - 150 kgf, provided that the installation team performs installation operations manually. Therefore, the channel number must correspond to the minimum allowable safety factor of the cantilever beam.

For spacer posts, mounting posts of a telescopic design with a screw mechanism for adjusting the height of the supports are used. The main parameters of the racks: height up to 3100 mm, thrust force from 3000 to 5000 kgf (see MDS 12-41).

The values ​​of thrust forces from the racks transmitted to the interfloor floors must be determined by calculation and selectively tested experimentally. The values ​​and places of application of these forces from the racks must be agreed upon with the organization that designed the building and entered into the work log. If temporary reinforcement of floors is necessary, mounting telescopic racks are installed on the underlying floors.

3.2.7 Lifting scaffolding components to the installation horizon is carried out using winches installed on the ground, roof cranes and cantilever cranes installed on interfloor ceilings in building openings.

The speed of movement of the cargo rope must be at least 50 m/min. To eliminate dynamic loads during acceleration and deceleration of the load, the speed of movement of the cargo rope must have a smooth frequency control.

Rice. 6

Dismantling of scaffolding for its rearrangement to a new grip is carried out in the reverse order of their installation, that is, starting from the upper tier. Remains of building materials, equipment and tools are removed from the floorings. The lowering of the dismantled scaffolding components is carried out using the above winches and cranes.

4 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

4.1 The quality of scaffolding installation is ensured by ongoing monitoring of technological operations of preparatory and main work, as well as during acceptance of work. Based on the results of the current control of technological operations, inspection reports for hidden work are drawn up: for the strength of fastening plugs for scaffolding anchors in the wall, for the stability and strength of fastening of scaffolding support devices at height.

4.2 During the preparatory work, check:

Readiness of the wall and structural elements of the building, mechanization equipment and tools for installation work;

Condition of scaffolding parts (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of scaffolding parts);

Condition of parts of supporting devices (absence of defects in cantilever beams and racks, reliability of beam hinges);

Evenness and equal strength of the base points on which the shoes are installed.

4.3 During installation work, check:

Wall marking accuracy;

Correct and reliable installation of scaffold shoes on the base;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for anchor plugs;

Strength of anchor fastening;

Verticality of racks and horizontality of connections, scaffolding.

The horizontality of the scaffolding in the longitudinal and transverse directions is ensured by level, verticality - by plumb.

When assembling the scaffolding, it is necessary to ensure that the racks fit into the pipes to the designed length.

When laying the flooring, the strength of the fastening and the absence of the possibility of shifts are checked.

4.4 When accepting work, the acceptance committee inspects the assembled scaffolding as a whole and especially carefully the places of fastening and interfaces.

The horizontality and verticality of forests are checked using geodetic instruments.

Defects found during inspection are eliminated.

Scaffolding is subject to a standard load test for two hours in the presence of the acceptance committee. At the same time, their strength and stability, reliability of fastening to the wall and to supporting devices, flooring and fences, and grounding are assessed.

The railings of the fence must withstand a concentrated load of 70 kgf applied to them in the middle and perpendicularly.

Bearing horizontal connections must withstand a concentrated load of 130 kgf applied in the middle.

4.5 Acceptance of assembled scaffolding is documented in a work acceptance certificate. Certificates of inspection of hidden work are attached to the work acceptance certificate (under clause 4.1).

4.6 The quality of scaffolding installation is assessed by the degree of compliance of the actual parameters and characteristics with the design ones specified in the design and normative-technical documentation.

The main controlled parameters and characteristics, methods of their measurement and evaluation are given in Table 1.

Table 1

5 NEED FOR MECHANIZATION, TOOLS, INVENTORY AND DEVICES

The need for fixed mechanization equipment, tools, equipment and accessories is shown in Table 2.

table 2

6 SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

6.1 When organizing and carrying out work on the installation of scaffolding, the requirements of SNiP 12-03, SNiP 12-04, GOST 12.4.011 must be met.

The scaffolding must be posted with a layout diagram and the magnitude of the permissible loads. The gathering of three or more people on the scaffolding floor is not allowed.

Workers who have the right to work at height are allowed to install scaffolding. Installers must be provided with safety belts.

6.2 Fire safety in workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the rules of PPB-01.

6.3 Electrical safety at workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.1.030, POT R M-016.

6.4 When organizing work in the installation area, a danger zone is established from falling objects from the height of the scaffolding. The dangerous zone is indicated by safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026.

In each specific case, the work design must include measures so that the danger zone does not extend beyond the fenced scaffolding installation area.

A protective net can be hung on the scaffolding. The danger zone may not be indicated.

The location and design of the installation area fencing must be adopted in accordance with GOST 23407.

6.5 Warehousing and storage of scaffolding components, materials, products and equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or technical specifications for scaffolding, materials, products and equipment, as well as SNiP 12-03.

6.6 When working at night, the installation area, scaffolding, passages and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance with GOST 12.1.046. Illumination should be uniform, without glare from lighting fixtures.

6.7 Scaffolding stairs must be equipped in accordance with GOST 26887. The slope of the stairs to the horizon should be no more than 75°. Stairs must have non-slip steps.

6.8 Loads are lifted onto scaffolding using a winch or roof crane. Lifting loads onto scaffolding tower cranes unacceptable.

6.9 Lightning protection of scaffolding must be arranged with a grounding resistance of no more than 15 Ohms.

6.10 During the installation and dismantling of scaffolding, electrical wires located closer than 5 m from the scaffolding are de-energized.

During thunderstorms, snowfall and wind speeds of more than 6 m/s, scaffolding cannot be installed or dismantled.

6.11 The technical condition of scaffolding is monitored before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days.

Particular attention should be paid to measuring and monitoring the actual loads on the posts and shoes, pulling out the forces of the anchors from the wall. At the same time, the deformation of the posts and wooden shoes, cross members and anchors and their relative movement must be measured and assessed.

If the scaffolding has not been used for a month, then it is allowed to be used after acceptance by the commission. The results of acceptance and inspection are noted in the logbook in accordance with GOST 24258.

Scaffolding is subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which can reduce the bearing capacity of the foundation.

In our company you can order a PPR for the installation of scaffolding and scaffolding; We always meet deadlines, and our specialists have extensive experience in preparing project planning orders.

The PPR for the installation of scaffolding is a package of documents that includes diagrams and technological instructions for performing various processes at the facility being constructed/repaired. Scaffolding is an auxiliary structure with the help of which facade, installation and other dangerous work is carried out at height. Therefore, preparing a work permit for their installation is a mandatory measure that regulates the procedure for carrying out all engineering work, establishes construction deadlines, and also describes existing risks and methods for ensuring safety at the construction site.

The price for preparing a project for scaffolding is from 30,000 rubles

The financial issue of developing project documentation depends on the specifics of the source data and wishes that the customer will indicate in the technical specifications. Main factors influencing cost:

• TEP (technical and economic indicators);
• complexity installation processes(difficult development, a large number of floors, the presence of overhanging or protruding parts of the structure, the need to arrange multi-post scaffolding, etc.);
• development urgency requirements.

Starting information for the project

When drawing up the PPR for the installation of scaffolding, the type of development, as well as the specifics of the planned work, are taken into account. The design of this auxiliary device includes many tiers and sections for organizing several workplaces at a height, located both in the vertical and horizontal planes. Scaffolding is indispensable in the construction and reconstruction of multi-story buildings. The most functional is the rack-mounted attached type of scaffolding, which is used for:

• stone and facing masonry using small-sized materials (bricks, small-sized blocks, etc.);
• repair and insulation work;
• reconstruction of facades;
• painting, plastering and other finishing processes.

The type of scaffolding is selected based on the technical characteristics of the facility being serviced and economic feasibility. The main parameters of auxiliary structures are their maximum height and permissible level flooring loads. The PPR for forests must also indicate:

• number of mounting elements used;
• permissible weight individual parts designs;
• cost of work;
• complexity of installation.

Documents for PPR

The PPR for scaffolding is created on the basis of available working documentation. The effectiveness of installation work and safe operation auxiliary structures. To begin creating a PPR, the following documents are required:

• technical specifications from the customer;
• POS (construction organization project);
• data on the building layout and façade characteristics;
• site plan with its topographic and engineering parameters.

PPR sections

To install scaffolding, the work project must be agreed upon with the relevant authorities. The PPR includes the following mandatory sections:

• scheduling;
• construction master plan;
• technical maps of scaffolding installation works;
• safety and labor protection standards;
• basic instructions for carrying out work;
• measures for food safety and environmental protection.

The PPR for scaffolding installation includes textual and graphic part. The latter contains drawings and diagrams that accurately depict the stages of installation of auxiliary building structures. The developer indicates areas for attaching scaffolding to the building and dangerous areas where reliable fixation or safe stay of workers is impossible. Composition of the graphic part:

• construction master plan;
• scaffolding installation plan;
• facade diagrams with marked places for fastening structures.

The text part is an explanatory note that regulates:

• standards for installation and dismantling of construction scaffolding;
• organizational and technological parameters of work execution;
• requirements for quality and acceptance of work;
• safety and labor protection rules at the site;
• scroll necessary equipment, tools, special devices and mechanization equipment.

Thanks to our extensive experience in this field, our company guarantees the prompt preparation of a work permit for the installation of scaffolding and scaffolding in full compliance with existing standards.