How long can a balcony slab withstand in a monolithic house. What are the permissible loads on the loggia? Materials and their weight

Thanks to everyone, especially bc----!
Hello, your link didn't open for me... :-(
Now here's what. It turns out that the data is given about the NORMATIVE loads, and not about the maximum allowable ones (these are those, immediately after which the material will begin to float along the strength mat, and then crunch). Now fine.
A balcony railing is an external self-supporting slab that protects a person on it from falling. Do I understand correctly?
Now. The loggia must endure a uniform band load in a section 0.8 m wide along the fence - 400 kilograms of force per square meter. It is clear why: when people go out to the balcony, they do not stand in the center of it.
The question is, does this include fencing? Based on the wording of the specified SNiP - no. Since the specified load should be distributed along in the presence of a loggia fence by default.
But in any case, a continuous uniform load over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe loggia should not exceed 200 kgf / sq.m.
It is also desirable that any load on the loggia be evenly distributed.
These loads are also taken into account when calculating the load-bearing structures of loggias and wall sections where they are pinched (see below in SNiP). Consequently, the consoles, if everything is within the normal range, will withstand a uniform weight of a total of 600 kgf / sq.m + fencing (see clause 3. under the table: the structures supporting the loggia will withstand everything).
Now in my case in numbers. Plate.
195 kg. we distribute 2.8x1.2m over the loggia (the plate will still be a little larger).
195 / (2.8 * 1.2) \u003d 195 / 3.36 \u003d 58 kgf / sq.m.
This load actually occurs evenly (strip), in a section of 0.073 m along the balcony railing, which does not at all correspond to 0.8 meters of uniform load. Having made a simple proportion, we get that the uniform standard load according to SNiP at a site of 0.073 m from the fence should be 0.073*400/0.8=36.5 kgf/sq.m before advising and then erecting their own constructions in people). If we take the entire strip of 0.8 meters, then the constant load is 58 kgf / sq. m in total is 6.9 times less than the standard for the specified area.
It seems that my situation is still leaning towards the successful maintenance of all the elements mounted on it by the loggia. However, one should not be surprised if over time (long) the slab begins to crack slightly in some places, since the load in the area of 0.073 m exceeds the calculated standard by about 1.6 times (58 / 36.5 \u003d 1.59). Or will it be distributed in some other way? So far, the full picture I still do not converge.
And another question: when a double-glazed window is attached to any underlying elements, these elements bear the weight of the double-glazed window completely, or is the double-glazed window also attached at the top so that the weight of the double-glazed window does not completely press on the underlying supports (i.e., how is the load of the double-glazed window in the vertical plane distributed? on the load-bearing elements- completely or not completely)?
Thanks again to everyone for participating! Shall we continue? The question is very interesting and relevant. Special thanks to the site administrator for not hiding my message in a similar topic last year.

The balcony is a decoration of any home, as well as an excellent area for relaxing and doing small chores. Strengthening and repair of the balcony slab on the wall structure of the building has its own characteristics and depends on the material of the building itself.

Features of fixing balcony slabs

People who are ignorant of construction believe that balcony slab is the protrusion of the floor slab. This is far from true. In construction, a wide variety of methods for attaching a balcony slab are used:

clamping or pinching in the structure of the outer wall of the building;
the use of cantilever floor slabs;
leaning on consoles of columns or consoles internal walls(in frame buildings);
suspension of a balcony slab to internal load-bearing transverse walls or to a ceiling;
leaning on attached reinforced concrete, steel or wooden structures.

AT brick buildings strengthening of the balcony slab is carried out by pinching. Reinforced concrete overhead and underlay elements are immured into the outer wall of the building, which form a niche for the balcony slab. adjacent to outer wall the edge of the plate must be thickened. In cases with brick houses, the entry of the balcony slab into the wall is quite large. The slab must be welded to reinforced concrete elements using steel anchors.

In panel-type houses, balcony slabs are supported by reinforced concrete structures using overlays. Strengthening the balcony slab in frame buildings is carried out using beam technology. In this case, there is no load on the wall of the building, since the balcony slab rests on the column consoles.

Why not a solid slab?

It would seem, is it really impossible to produce floor slabs immediately with a ledge under the balcony? After all, a whole product is always stronger. But this method will reduce the life of not only the balcony, but the whole house. Corrosion of the reinforcement will penetrate deep into the slab, the overlap will lose strength. This threatens with an emergency condition and the demolition of the house.

And if you skip the balcony slab through the wall?

It seems that the support area in this case will be larger. But building construction do not withstand long-term multidirectional loads. If the balcony slab is passed through the wall, then its inner edge will put pressure on the wall, trying to lift it. This position threatens sudden catastrophic destruction.

In what cases is it necessary to repair a balcony slab?

There are several types of repair of balcony slabs:

small;
average;
emergency;
capital.

Important: Remember, it is difficult for an ignorant person to determine how destroyed the balcony slab is. Defects should be assessed by professionals.

If cracks appear on the surface of the balcony slab, do not cover them with mortar. In this case, it is necessary to find out the degree of corrosive destruction of the reinforcement. Cracks can be very deep, which will not be noticeable from outside. If small damages turn out to be shallow, then small and medium repairs can be done independently.

The need for overhaul of the balcony slab is visible to the naked eye. This is indicated by the destructive appearance and large cracks throughout the slab. Overhaul or emergency repairs of the balcony should only be carried out by professionals.

The following signs testify to the emergency condition of the balcony and its slabs:

exposed armature;
the appearance of deep cracks at the junction of the slab with the wall;
destruction of concrete on top of the slab and its delamination from the bottom of the slab;
collapse of slab fragments.

In this case, to repair the emergency balcony, you will need more than one unit of special equipment and a team of qualified installers. Such a plate, most likely, will have to be broken out of bearing wall.

Who is responsible for repairing balconies?

None normative document and the law is not clearly spelled out: the balcony is part of load-bearing structure or living space? In this regard, the question may arise as to if the balcony is in disrepair, where to go and what to do? In theory, the management company should repair the balcony slab, and the owner of the apartment should repair the parapet, railings, gratings. But some confusion in the legislation does not give an exact answer to this question. On this basis, disagreements often arise between homeowners and utilities.

Conclusion: Do not bring the balcony to an emergency state. Any search for the truth will not restore the balcony slab. To avoid emergencies, repair the balcony slab with your own hands.

If you notice signs of destruction of the balcony slab, it is necessary to as soon as possible notify the utility in writing this fact. The document is certified by a housing office specialist and registered in the appropriate journal. It makes sense to attach several photographs of the collapsing balcony slab to the document. Your neighbors below must put their signatures on this document.

Then you can proceed as follows: perform the restoration of the balcony slab on your own, but with guarantees of recalculating the rent. Or wait patiently for repairs to be taken. utility services. If none of the options suits you, feel free to contact the court.

How are balconies repaired?

The main cause of damage to balcony slabs is moisture. Penetrating inside the plate, water can activate the corrosion of the reinforcement. In old houses, the protection of concrete from moisture is reduced, water easily penetrates to the reinforcement. Corroded reinforcement loses bearing capacity, expands and destroys concrete.

Restoration of a balcony slab involves several working steps:

Repair begins with cleaning the balcony: everything superfluous is taken out, garbage is removed, crumbled concrete is carefully removed.
Bare fittings are cleaned of rust. The top layer of rust is easily peeled off. Next, the reinforcement bars must be processed special tool from rust.
Welded reinforcing mesh is laid on the surface of the slab and fixed with special dowels. It must be completely recessed into the concrete screed. To do this, a gap is left between the plate and the grid.
Formwork boards are attached around the perimeter.
A solution of sand and cement is poured onto the reinforcing mesh and "ferrified" (the screed is covered with dry cement and rubbed).
The lower surface of the balcony slab must be plastered, having previously treated the surface with a primer.

Please note that the thickness concrete screed must exceed the thickness reinforcing mesh twice or even more.

For severe corrosion reinforcing cage reinforcement of the balcony slab will be required - this is a larger-scale work:

Rolled steel beams are installed on the sides of the balcony slab and cantilevered to the wall.
The reinforcing mesh is welded to the beams.
Then the concrete pouring work described above begins.

When the reconstruction of the balcony slab is completed, it the surface needs to be waterproofed which is mandatory if the balcony is open. For this, various waterproofing materials roll or coating type. In particular, Penetron penetrating waterproofing has proven itself well. It is applied on a pre-moistened surface in two layers, after which the surface must remain moist for three days, and mechanical effects and temperatures below 0 degrees are not allowed.

Installation of balcony railings

Of course, the old fence can still be strong enough. But the overhaul of the balcony slab already implies the installation of a new enclosing structure. In addition, if in the future it is planned to glaze the balcony and insulate it, then it does not hurt to think over a quality basis in advance.

When installing fences without welding work not enough. On a compact inventory welding machine, which works from the network, even a beginner can work. But there are two more options:

invite a qualified welder;
fix the balcony railing with anchors, in this case welding is not required.

The frame of the new fence is made of rectangular profile pipe. This fence is easy to install and will have an attractive appearance. Next, an ebb of galvanized steel is attached around the entire perimeter of the balcony slab. This will protect the edge of the plate from precipitation. screed on the balcony and what is needed for this.

Balconies with takeaway

Residents of city apartments with balconies have a unique opportunity not only to insulate and glaze this area, but also to increase the area of their housing. Now you can install a fence under the glazing with the removal. What does it mean?

When installing the fencing frame, using a professional trick, you can take out the glazing for the parapet by about 30 cm. If you consider that this action is performed on three sides of the balcony slab, then the increase in space will be significant. This option is especially ideal for owners of very small balconies.

Advantages of balconies with removal:

Increasing space by expanding the area of the balcony slab.
Getting a wide window sill.
Strengthening the load-bearing structures of the balcony slab.

Residents of multi-storey buildings are often interested in such questions: how to use the balcony correctly and what is the permissible load on the loggia? According to the rules, all work related to the arrangement or redevelopment of the loggia must comply with SNIP. These norms predetermine safe operation structures and are established depending on the type of structure. Depending on the composition of the building: brick or panels, balcony slabs may vary.

Operating rules

According to the established rules, it is not allowed to store heavy objects or blockages on the balcony. Unauthorized building of space between balconies is also prohibited. To prevent leakage or freezing through the box, high-quality sealing and insulation must be performed. This can be done using foam rubber, felt or tow. To maintain sufficient temperature and humidity, the openings should be equipped with special polyurethane foam gaskets, which will need to be replaced after at least 5 years.

Appearance

Everything that serves as a decor: various fences, water drains, as well as flower boxes, should be updated periodically. It is worth painting them with paints that are resistant to atmospheric phenomena. The color of the paint must be selected in such a way that it matches the shade of the facade. The form, as well as the location of the florist, must comply with the legal architectural project the buildings. They must be installed on special pallets, maintaining a gap from the wall of approximately 0.5 m.

In some apartment buildings loggias have an external staircase that connects the balconies in stages and is an emergency loophole.

Doors leading to these stairs must not contain any latches on the outside. Loggias through which evacuation will be carried out should not be glazed.

Structural load

How can you find out how much weight a loggia can support in different houses? Any building during construction has special calculations. These documents indicate how much the structure can be loaded, how many people can be on it. There are certain indicators by which you can make calculations and find out the necessary norms.

A separate SNIP has all the load calculations for certain structures. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the full and reduced values of the requirements.

Taking into account the initial construction of the entire house, you can find out what the permissible load on the balcony will be:

Calculations

If citizens expand their living space on their own, then another question arises: what can be the maximum load on the balcony? In this case, you should pay attention to what year the house was built, as well as the quality of construction.

By standard rules the maximum load on the balcony slab can be 220 kg/km2. But, another indicator is established by law - 112 kg / m2.

The plate, which has a size of 0.8 x 3.2 m, is designed for 286 kilos. It is important to take into account the number of years of its use. After all, if she is already over 40 years old, then the strength is lost by about 70%. Such structures should not be overloaded so that they do not collapse.

Glazing is an additional load on the balcony

Recently, fleeing from cold winters, many residents glaze their balconies, and this is also an additional burden. To make calculations, it is important to know the following indicators:

The weight exterior finish balcony for 1 p / m.
Plastic stained glass, 1.5 m high and double glazing, weighing 55 kg.
Siding with finishing elements per 1m2 - 5 kg.
Plastic trim - 5 kg.

Given these indicators, the final load is 65 kilos, and the standard is 50 kilos. It turns out that 15 kilos are superfluous. Therefore, before making calculations, it is necessary to make a preliminary inspection of the balcony. Light materials should be used for decoration: sandwich panels or siding.

On loggias, which in themselves have a lot of weight, glazing is extremely dangerous.

Permissible loads

To perform accurate calculations, it is necessary to build on existing indicators. You can find out how much mass a balcony can hold a kilogram of decoration or insulation if, for order, we take the load capacity of the loggia - 1770 kg. Distribute weight loads into several points:

on average, three people weighing 80 kg is 240 kg;
various devices and items - 175 kg;
rainwater or snow load - 200 kg.

It turns out that the unglazed balcony receives a load - 615 kilos in our case. Given the indicator before glazing, the mass is 922.5 kilos. This means that for all materials in order to complete the finish, you need 847.5 kilos. For details of the competent finishing of the balcony, see this video:

Materials and their weight

Now you need to find out how much weight the balcony will withstand in panel house after glazing. To do this, you need to calculate the weight of the materials: PVC blocks together with double-glazed windows - 80 kg x 6 = 480 kg. There is a reserve of 367 kg. But, in any case, leave 100 kg in reserve. Cladding materials require 267 kg.

Before placing any items on the balcony and planning the functionality of the room, you should accurately calculate the required load that it will withstand.

Question. Hello! Tell me, please, how should a balcony without supports (cantilever) look constructively? The house is two-storey, brick. Wall: facing ceramic hollow brick a plus ceramic block PAROMAX - 250. Monolithic armored belt, ceiling - hollow reinforced concrete slabs. The balcony must be attached to two adjacent walls, the overhang is 1.2m, the length is 2.5m.

The balcony will be open. The perimeter of the balcony slab will be faced with brick flush with the facade. How to properly install (fix) consoles, install fittings in order to avoid a cold bridge and to be on the same level with floor slabs? Thank you. Oleg.

Answer.

Bridge of cold on the balcony

Hello Oleg. Balcony theme is very popular among developers. Indeed, during the design process, balconies are not particularly paid attention, but during the construction process, many questions arise. Let's try to answer your questions, although some of them are not entirely clear.

When building a balcony, it will not be possible to completely avoid a cold bridge. The junction of structures in different planes, one way or another, provokes a difference in the heat loss of the building. the best way to get rid of the cold bridge is the absence of a balcony and the implementation of continuous thermal insulation along the facade.

It should be understood that heat loss through balcony door and windows will be much larger than through the junction of the balcony slab. Therefore, no additional measures to get rid of the cold bridge should be provided. Standard thermal insulation according to your climate zone will not allow the appearance of negatively destructive consequences on the structures of the building.

In your case, the building structure is correctly formed - hollow core slabs and a balcony slab, which does not go inside the room, but breaks off at the cut of the load-bearing wall. This option reduces the cold bridge threshold as much as possible. I have seen cases when a monolithic floor slab was made, which turned into a balcony with a continuous perimeter. This option is the most undesirable.

To completely remove the cold bridge, it is necessary to insulate the balcony and adjacent walls in all planes and completely around the entire perimeter - this is the main problem of balconies.

Structural diagram of the balcony

Sufficiently reliable and correct constructive option balcony slab is shown in the figure. The thickness of the balcony slab should be taken no more than 120 mm, since a significant thickening creates an extra load from its own weight. With the cantilever version of the plate, this is fraught with great effort.

The main working reinforcement of the balcony slab is placed in the upper chord, while it is without fail it is necessary to bend and lead into a monolithic belt. Reinforcement monolithic belt and balcony slabs are best exercised together. The deeper the reinforcement is inserted, the better. The minimum anchor length is 320 mm from the bottom of the balcony slab. If the required dimension cannot be maintained, square washers must be welded on the edges of the anchor.

Reinforcement must be done according to the calculation, in the ideal case, you should have a project with working documentation. I can preliminarily recommend a mesh with A400C ∅ 12 reinforcement with a step of 200 mm. The bottom reinforcement in the balcony slab is only used to prevent cracking when the concrete hardens. Here you can use a mesh with reinforcement A240C ∅ 6. Take concrete for the slab, class C20 / 25 (B25).

Without fail, the balcony slab must be loaded from above brickwork, do not remove the formwork from the slab until the masonry is completely completed and the concrete has gained its design strength. Remember to keep proper protective layers.

Access to one mark of the clean floor of the room and the balcony slab is achieved by creating a constructive floor pie according to hollow structures and monolithic slab. The visual scheme is indicated in the drawing of the constructive solution.

I hope your question is fully covered in this material. I want to remind you that all our reviews are advisory in nature, due to the lack of complete information on the structure and building conditions. If you have any questions - please write in the comments or through the feedback form.

If necessary, you can order the execution of full working documentation by our specialists with the implementation of all necessary calculations. Good luck with your construction.

. The use of material is allowed only with the establishment of an active backlink

Any work related to the redevelopment of a balcony or apartment must comply with SNIP. This is a summary sanitary norms that determine the safety of housing operation. They set all the necessary standards depending on the type of structure. After all, for example, a balcony slab will be different, given brick house this, panel or Khrushchev.

Balcony slab can withstand a certain weight. A panel house has its own norms of SNIP, Khrushchev and a brick house have their own. Consider the basic provisions regarding the load. This information will be useful in deciding the overhaul of the balcony, as well as its insulation.

In order to calculate how much weight the balcony can withstand, you need to start from some indicators. Let's see how much the weight of materials for repair, decoration and insulation can be. To do this, take the load capacity of the balcony in 1770 kg.

Simultaneous weight loads can be divided into several main points:

240 kg - 3 people with an average of 80 kg of weight;
household appliances, utensils, linen, etc. - 175 kg;
atmospheric load. For example, not yet drained rainwater, snow, ice - 200 kg.

It must be said that the minimum strength factor in open design– 2. In closed rooms that are not affected by environment, it will be less - 1.5. It turns out that in open form the balcony experiences a load in our case according to the maximum indicators - 615 kg, and taking into account its coefficient before glazing, the load is 922.5 kg. It turns out that there is a load margin of up to 847.5 kg for finishing and other materials. Now let's look at necessary materials glazing and their weight.

A standard balcony in a panel house will require 6 blocks of PVC profiles with 2-chamber double-glazed windows. Each of them weighs about 80 kg, which means that total weight it turns out 480 kg. As a result, there will be a reserve of 367.5 kg. This is despite the fact that in any case there should be a reserve of at least 100 kg. It turns out, on Decoration Materials remains 267.5 kg. This is not so much, especially considering that one square meter facing tiles, for example, weighs from 20 to 25 kg. Therefore, before planning repairs on the balcony, it is very important to clearly calculate the load that the balcony slab can withstand, the features of the type of buildings (panel house, Khrushchev, brick house, etc.), the total load.

Plate insulation

Without insulation of the balcony slab, a major overhaul, in fact, does not make sense. But insulation should also be calculated based on the loads. Moreover, a brick house has differences in design than a panel house with more than 5 floors. So let's take a look at the most best options balcony insulation.

If the balcony slab is not too damaged, reinforcement is enough metal mesh. After its installation, the floor is poured with expanded clay concrete composition. It is necessary to calculate the amount of the mixture so that the mesh remains in the middle between the entire thickness of the fill.

If the slab is very badly damaged, it is cleaned of debris, then, after applying the reinforcing mesh, it is treated with a special compound. Before filling is done wooden formwork. After all the procedures, a screed is performed, after which a penetrating waterproofing is applied, and then liquid light cement solution.

In cases where the slope concrete slab more than 10 degrees, an additional layer of screed is performed, which levels the surface to the desired level.

strengthening

Often it is necessary to carry out not only work on the insulation of balconies, but also on strengthening. For this, a special stand strut is used. This option, alas, is not suitable for Khrushchev, since there the maximum height is 2.4-2.5 meters. Such manipulation is done in houses with high level ceilings.

Strengthening is also possible by welding special overhead jibs to the reinforcement. This procedure is performed by punching strobes in the wall; they are made along the perimeter of the concrete slab. The cracks and the resulting grooves are sealed with frost-resistant concrete. Just two jibs are enough to securely strengthen the structure.

It turns out to overhaul on the balcony you need to approach with maximum concentration. The plate does not withstand too large loads, which means that the quantity and quality of materials should be selected based on the consumer need for using the premises, as well as the possible load margin, along with the already existing indicators. Then, with the right calculation, the repair will be done properly, the room is strengthened and insulated, which means it will last for many years.