How long corridors should be separated by firewalls. Evacuation and emergency exits

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FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES- BUILDING NORMS AND RULES- SNIP 21-01-97 18-7 (approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation ... Actual in 2017

EVACUATION AND EMERGENCY EXITS

6.9 Exits are evacuation exits if they lead:

a) from the premises of the first floor to the outside:

directly;

across the corridor;

through the lobby (foyer);

through the staircase;

through the corridor and lobby (foyer);

through the corridor and staircase;

b) from the premises of any floor, except for the first:

directly into the stairwell or on the stairs of the 3rd type;

to the corridor leading directly to the staircase or to the stairs of the 3rd type;

to the hall (foyer), which has an exit directly to the staircase or to the staircase of the 3rd type;

c) in adjacent room(except for premises of class F5, category A or B) on the same floor, provided with exits indicated in a and b; an exit to a room of category A or B is allowed to be considered an evacuation exit if it leads from a technical room without permanent workplaces intended for servicing the above room of category A or B.

Exits from the basement and basement floors, which are evacuation, should, as a rule, be provided directly to the outside, separated from the general staircases of the building.

Allowed:

emergency exits from the basements to provide through common staircases with a separate exit to the outside, separated from the rest of the staircase by a deaf fire-prevention partition of the 1st type;

evacuation exits from the basement and basement floors with rooms of categories C, D and D should be provided to rooms of categories D, D and to the lobby located on the first floor of class F5 buildings, subject to the requirements of 7.23;

evacuation exits from the foyer, dressing rooms, smoking and sanitary facilities located in the basement or basement floors of buildings of classes F2, F3 and F4 should be provided to the lobby of the first floor via separate stairs of the 2nd type;

equip a vestibule with an exit directly outside the building, from the basement and basement floors.

6.10 Exits are not evacuation exits if their openings are fitted with sliding and overhead doors and gates, gates for railway rolling stock, revolving doors and turnstiles.

6.11 Number and overall width evacuation exits from premises, from floors and from buildings are determined depending on the maximum possible number of people evacuated through them and the maximum permissible distance from the most remote place of possible stay of people (workplace) to the nearest emergency exit.

Parts of the building of various functional fire hazard separated by fire barriers must be provided with independent escape routes.

6.12 At least two emergency exits must have:

Premises of class F1.1, intended for the simultaneous stay of more than 10 people;

basement and ground floor rooms designed for the simultaneous stay of more than 15 people; in the premises of the basement and basement floors, intended for the simultaneous stay of 6 to 15 people, one of the two exits may be provided in accordance with the requirements of 6.20, g;

premises intended for the simultaneous stay of more than 50 people;

open shelves and platforms in F5 class rooms, intended for equipment maintenance, with a tier floor area of ​​more than 100 square meters - for rooms of categories A and B and more than 400 square meters for rooms of other categories.

Premises of class F1.3 (apartments), located on two floors (levels), with a height of the upper floor of more than 15 m, must have emergency exits from each floor.

6.13 At least two emergency exits must have floors of buildings of the following class:

H1.1; Ф3.3; Form 4.1; F4.2;

H1.2; F3; Ф4.3 when the height of the floor is more than 9 m and the number of people on the floor is more than 20;

H1.3 at total area apartments on the floor, and for section-type buildings - on the section floor - more than 500 square meters; with a smaller area, each apartment located at a height of more than 15 m, in addition to the evacuation one, must have an emergency exit at 6.20;

At least two evacuation exits must have basement and basement floors with an area of ​​more than 300 square meters or intended for a simultaneous stay of more than 15 people.

6.14 The number of emergency exits from a floor must be at least two, if a room is located on it, which must have at least two emergency exits.

The number of emergency exits from the building must not be less than the number of emergency exits from any floor of the building.

6.15 If there are two or more emergency exits, they should be dispersed.

When arranging two emergency exits, each of them must provide safe evacuation all people in the room, on the floor or in the building. If there are more than two emergency exits, the safe evacuation of all people in the room, on the floor or in the building must be provided by all emergency exits, except for each one of them.

6.16 The clear height of emergency exits must be at least 1.9 m, the width must be at least:

1.2 m - from premises of class F1.1 with more than 15 people evacuated, from premises and buildings of other classes of functional fire hazard, with the exception of class F1.3, - more than 50 people;

0.8 m - in all other cases.

The width of the outer doors of the stairwells and the doors from the stairwells to the vestibule must be no less than the calculated one or the width of the stairway set in 6.29.

In all cases, the width of the evacuation exit should be such that, taking into account the geometry of the evacuation route, through the opening or door, it would be possible to freely carry a stretcher with a person lying on it.

6.17 Doors of emergency exits and other doors on escape routes should open in the direction of the exit from the building.

The direction of door opening is not standardized for:

a) premises of classes F1.3 and F1.4;

b) premises with a simultaneous stay of no more than 15 people, except for premises of categories A and B;

c) storerooms with an area of ​​no more than 200 square meters without permanent jobs;

d) sanitary facilities;

e) exit to the landings of stairs of the 3rd type;

f) exterior doors of buildings located in the northern construction climatic zone.

6.18 Doors of emergency exits from floor corridors, halls, foyers, lobbies and staircases should not have locks that prevent them from being freely opened from the inside without a key.

Doors of staircases leading to common corridors, doors of lift halls and doors of vestibules with constant air pressurization should have devices for self-closing and sealing in the narthex, and doors of vestibules with pressurized air in case of fire and doors of rooms with forced smoke protection should have automatic devices to close them in case of fire. In buildings with a height of more than 15 m, these doors must have a fire resistance limit of at least E 15.

6.19 Exits that do not meet the requirements for emergency exits can be considered emergency and provided to increase the safety of people in the event of a fire. Emergency exits are not included in the evacuation in the event of a fire.

6.20 Emergency exits also include:

a) exit to open balcony or a loggia with a blank wall of at least 1.2 m from the end of the balcony (loggia) to the window opening (glazed door) or at least 1.6 m between the glazed openings overlooking the balcony (loggia);

b) exit to an open passage with a width of at least 0.6 m, leading to an adjacent section of a building of class F1.3 or to an adjacent fire compartment through the air zone;

c) exit to a balcony or loggia equipped with an external staircase connecting the balconies or loggias by floor;

d) exit directly outside from rooms with a clean floor not lower than - 4.5 m and not higher than + 5.0 m through a window or door with dimensions of at least 0.75 x 1.5 m, as well as through a hatch with dimensions of at least 0.6 x 0.8 m; in this case, the exit through the pit must be equipped with a ladder in the pit, and the exit through the hatch should be equipped with a ladder in the room; the slope of these stairs is not standardized;

e) access to the roof of the building of I and II degrees of fire resistance of classes C0 and C1 through a window, door or hatch with dimensions and a staircase along "g".

6.21 From technical floors intended only for laying engineering networks, it is allowed to provide emergency exits through doors with dimensions of at least 0.75 x 1.5 m, as well as through hatches with dimensions of at least 0.6 x 0.8 m without emergency exits.

With a technical floor area of ​​up to 300 square meters, it is allowed to provide one exit, and for each subsequent full and incomplete 2000 square meters of area, at least one more exit should be provided.

In technical undergrounds, these exits should be separated from the exits from the building and lead directly outside.

1. Evacuation routes in buildings, structures and structures and exits from buildings, structures and structures must ensure the safe evacuation of people. The calculation of evacuation routes and exits is made without taking into account the fire extinguishing means used in them.

2. Placement of premises with mass stay people, including children and groups of the population with limited mobility, the use of fire hazardous building materials v structural elements escape routes should be determined in accordance with the requirements federal laws on the relevant technical regulations.

3. The evacuation exits from buildings, structures and structures include exits that lead:

1) from the premises of the first floor to the outside:

a) directly;

b) through the corridor;

c) through the lobby (foyer);

d) through the staircase;

e) through the corridor and lobby (foyer);

f) through the corridor, recreational area and staircase;

2) from the premises of any floor, except for the first:

a) directly on the staircase or on the stairs of the 3rd type;

b) into the corridor leading directly to the staircase or to the stairs of the 3rd type;

c) in the hall (foyer), which has an exit directly to the staircase or staircase of the 3rd type;

d) on the operated roof or on a specially equipped section of the roof leading to the stairs of the 3rd type;

3) to an adjacent room (except for a room of class F5 of categories A and B), located on the same floor and provided with exits specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this part. Exit from technical premises without permanent workplaces to premises of categories A and B is considered evacuation if equipment for servicing these fire-hazardous premises is located in the technical premises.

4. Evacuation exits from the basement and basement floors should be provided in such a way that they lead directly outside and were isolated from the common staircases of a building, structure, structure, except for the cases established by this Federal Law.

5. Evacuation exits are also considered:

1) exits from the basements through common staircases into the vestibule with a separate exit to the outside, separated from the rest of the staircase by a deaf fire-prevention partition of the 1st type, located between the flights of stairs from the basement floor to the intermediate landing of the staircases between the first and second floors;

2) exits from the basement and basement floors with rooms of categories B4, D and D to rooms of categories B4, D and D and the lobby, located on the first floor of buildings of class F5;

3) exits from the lobby, dressing rooms, smoking rooms and sanitary facilities located in the basement or basement floors of buildings of classes F2, F3 and F4, in the lobby of the first floor along separate stairs of the 2nd type;

4) exits from the premises directly to the stairs of the 2nd type, to the corridor or hall (foyer, lobby) leading to such a staircase, subject to the restrictions established regulatory documents fire safety;

5) swing doors at the gates intended for the entry (exit) of rail and road transport.

6. Emergency exits in buildings, structures and structures include exits that lead:

1) on a balcony or loggia with a blank wall at least 1.2 meters from the end of the balcony (loggia) to the window opening (glazed door) or at least 1.6 meters between the glazed openings overlooking the balcony (loggia);

2) to a passage with a width of at least 0.6 meters, leading to an adjacent section of a building of class F1.3 or to an adjacent fire compartment;

3) to a balcony or loggia equipped with an external staircase connecting the balconies or loggias by floor;

4) directly outside from rooms with a clean floor not lower than 4.5 meters and not higher than 5 meters through a window or door measuring at least 0.75 x 1.5 meters, as well as through a hatch measuring at least 0.6 x 0, 8 meters. In this case, the exit through the pit must be equipped with a ladder in the pit, and the exit through the hatch must be equipped with a ladder in the room. The slope of these stairs is not standardized;

5) on the roof of buildings, structures and structures of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance of classes C0 and C1 through a window or door with a size of at least 0.75 x 1.5 meters, as well as through a hatch with a size of at least 0.6 x 0.8 meters on a vertical or inclined staircase.

7. It is forbidden to install sliding doors, lifting and lowering doors, revolving doors, turnstiles and other objects in the openings of emergency exits that impede the free passage of people.

8. The number and width of evacuation exits from rooms from floors and from buildings are determined depending on the maximum possible number of people evacuated through them and the maximum permissible distance from the most remote place of possible stay of people (workplace) to the nearest emergency exit.

9. Parts of the building of various functional fire hazards are separated by fire barriers and must be provided with independent evacuation exits.

10. The number of emergency exits from the premises should be set depending on the maximum permissible distance from the most distant point (workplace) to the nearest emergency exit.

11. The number of emergency exits from a building, structure and structure must not be less than the number of emergency exits from any floor of a building, structure and structure.

12. The maximum permissible distance from the most distant point of the room (for buildings, structures and structures of class F5 - from the most distant workplace) to the nearest emergency exit, measured along the axis of the escape route, is set depending on the class of functional fire hazard and the category of the room, building , structures and structures for explosion and fire hazard, the number of evacuees, the geometric parameters of the premises and escape routes, the class of constructive fire hazard and the degree of fire resistance of the building, structure and structure.

13. The length of the escape route along the stairs of the 2nd type in the room should be determined equal to its triple height.

14. Evacuation routes should not include elevators, escalators, as well as sections leading:

1) through the corridors with exits from the elevator shafts, through elevator halls and vestibules in front of elevators, if the enclosing structures of elevator shafts, including the doors of elevator shafts, do not meet the requirements for fire barriers;

2) through the stairwells, if the landing of the staircase is part of the corridor, as well as through the room in which the second type staircase is located, which is not an evacuation staircase;

3) on the roof of buildings, structures and structures, with the exception of an exploited roof or a specially equipped roof section, similar to an exploited roof in structure;

4) on stairs of the 2nd type, connecting more than two floors (tiers), as well as leading from the basements and from the basement floors;

5) on stairs and staircases for communication between underground and aboveground floors, except for the cases specified in parts 3 to 5 of this article.

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PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES - SNiP 2-08-02-89 (approved by the Decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR from 16-05-89 78) (revised from 23-06-2003) (2017) Actual in 2017

EVACUATION ROUTES

1.90. The number of ascents in one flight between platforms (with the exception of curved staircases) must be at least 3 and no more than 16. No more than 18 ascents are allowed in one-flight staircases, as well as in one flight of two- and three-flight staircases within the first floor.

1.91. Stairways and platforms must have railings with handrails.

1.92 *. Handrails and fences in the buildings of preschool institutions and on the floors of schools and educational buildings of boarding schools, where the premises for the first grades are located, must meet the following requirements:

The height of the railing of stairs used by children must be at least 1.2 m, and in preschool institutions for children with intellectual disabilities - 1.8 or 1.5 m with a solid fence with a net;

in the fencing of stairs, vertical elements must have a clearance of no more than 0.1 m (horizontal divisions in fences are not allowed);

the height of the porch fence when going up three or more steps should be 0.8 m.

When the estimated width of stairs, walkways or hatches in the stands of open and covered sports facilities is more than 2.5 m, dividing handrails should be provided at a height of at least 0.9 m.When the estimated width of a hatch or staircase is up to 2.5 m for hatches or stairs wider than 2.5 m dividing rails are not required.

1.93 *. Front outside door(emergency exit) must be a horizontal entrance platform with a depth of at least 1.5 times the width of the outer door leaf.

External stairs (or their parts) and platforms with a height of more than 0.45 m from the sidewalk level at the entrances to buildings, depending on the purpose and local conditions, must have fences.

1.94. The slope of the flights of stairs in the above-ground floors should be taken no more than 1: 2 (except for the stairs of the stands of sports facilities).

The slope of the flights of stairs leading to the basement and basement floors, to the attic, as well as stairs in the aboveground floors that are not intended for evacuation of people, is allowed to be 1: 1.5.

The slope of ramps on the paths of movement of people should be taken no more than:

Note. The requirements of this clause and clause 1.90 do not apply to the design of walkways with steps between the rows of seats in auditoriums, sports facilities and lecture halls.

1.95. The slope of the stairs of the stands of open or covered sports facilities should not exceed 1: 1.6, and provided that handrails (or other devices replacing them) are installed along the escape routes along the stairs at a height of at least 0.9 m - 1: 1.4 ...

The device of stairs or steps on the escape routes in hatches is not allowed.

1.96 *. Width flight of stairs in public buildings there must be at least the width of the exit to the staircase from the most populated floor, but not less, m:

1.35 - for buildings with more than 200 people staying on the most populated floor, as well as for buildings of clubs, cinemas and medical institutions regardless of the number of seats;

1,2 - for other buildings, as well as in the buildings of cinemas, clubs leading to premises not associated with the stay of spectators and visitors, and in buildings of medical institutions leading to premises not intended for the stay or visiting of patients;

0.9 - in all buildings leading to a room with up to 5 people simultaneously staying in it.

An intermediate platform in a straight flight of stairs must have a depth of at least 1 m.

The width of the landings must be at least the width of the march.

1.97. In stairwells intended for the evacuation of people both from the above-ground floors and from the basement or basement floors, separate exits to the outside from the basement or basement floors should be provided, separated to the height of one floor by a deaf fire-prevention partition of the 1st type.

Separate staircases for communication between the basement or basement floor and the first floor leading to the corridor, hallway or entrance hall of the first floor are not included in the calculation of evacuating people from the basement or basement floor.

If the stairs from the basement or basement floor go to the lobby of the first floor, then all the stairs of the aboveground part of the building, except for the exit to this lobby, must have an exit directly to the outside.

1.98. Provide on escape routes spiral staircases and winders as well as split staircases usually shouldn't. When constructing curved staircases leading from service premises with the number of people permanently staying in them no more than 5 people. (except for buildings of medical and outpatient clinics), as well as curved front staircases, the width of the steps in the narrow part of these staircases should be at least 0.22 m, and service stairs - at least 0.12 m.

1.99. In the IV climatic region and in the IIIB climatic subregion, it is allowed to install evacuation outdoor open stairs (except for stationary medical institutions).

1.100. Outdoor open stairs with a slope of no more than 45 ° in preschool buildings and no more than 60 ° in other public buildings, used in all climatic regions as a second evacuation exit from the second floor of buildings (except for buildings of schools and boarding schools, preschool institutions for children with disabilities of physical and mental development and hospitals of medical institutions of all degrees of fire resistance, as well as preschool institutions general type IIl-V degrees of fire resistance), should be calculated for the number of evacuees no more, people:

The width of such stairs should be at least 0.8 m, and the width of the continuous treads of their steps should be at least 0.2 m.

When arranging a passage to external open stairs through flat roofs(including unexploited) or outdoor open galleries bearing structures coverings and galleries should be designed with a fire resistance limit of at least 0.5 hours and a zero fire spread limit.

1.101. Stairwells should be designed with natural light through openings in the outer walls (except for basement stairs, as well as grate staircases in buildings of entertainment enterprises).

In no more than 50% of staircases of 2-storey buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, as well as 3-storey buildings, when the clearance between stair flights is at least 1.5 m, only overhead lighting can be provided.

At the same time, in the buildings of hospitals of medical institutions, automatic opening of staircase lanterns should be provided in case of fire.

In station buildings, natural lighting through windows in the outer walls must have at least 50% of the stairwells intended for evacuation. Stairs without natural light should be smoke-free, type 2 or 3.

1.102. One of the internal stairs in buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance up to nine storeys high can be open to the entire height of the building, provided that the room where it is located is separated from the adjacent corridors and other rooms by fire partitions.

When device automatic fire extinguishing it is not necessary to separate rooms with open stairs from corridors and other rooms throughout the building.

In hospitals of medical institutions, open stairs are not included in the calculation of the evacuation of people in case of fire.

In buildings of I-III degrees of fire resistance internal staircase from the lobby to the second floor can be open if the lobby is separated from the corridors and other rooms by fire partitions with ordinary doors and fireproof ceilings.

In enterprise buildings retail and public catering of I and II degrees of fire resistance, the staircase from the first to the second or from the basement to the first floor can be open even in the absence of a lobby. At the same time, these staircases or ramps for retail outlets can be taken into account in the calculation of escape routes for only half of the number of buyers present in the corresponding trading floor, and at least two closed stairwells should be provided for the evacuation of other buyers. The length of an open staircase (or ramp) should be included in the distance from the most distant point of the floor to the emergency exit to the outside, but its area is not included in the area of ​​the main escape routes.

In a complex of theater auditoriums, no more than two staircases can be open, while the remaining staircases (at least two) must be in closed staircases. Open stairs as evacuation stairs are counted from the level of the lobby floor to the level of the next floor. On the next floors, isolated evacuation passages leading to closed stairwells should be arranged from the premises of the spectator complex.

From the premises public buildings regardless of their purpose (auditoriums, auditoriums, educational and commercial premises, reading rooms, etc., except for pantries of combustible materials and workshops), one of the exits can be directly to the lobby, dressing room, floor hall and foyer adjacent to the open stairs.

When placed in the basement or basement level of the foyer, dressing rooms, smoking rooms and restrooms, separate open stairs can be provided from the basement or basement floor to the first floor.

In theater buildings, in the complex of stage service premises, at least two staircases should be provided in closed stairwells with natural lighting, with exits to the attic and the roof.

1.103. The stage box should have two type 2 fire escapes, brought to the roof of the stage and communicating with the working galleries and grates.

For evacuation from working galleries and grate flooring, it is allowed to provide external fire escapes in the absence of grate staircases.

1.104 *. External fire escapes should be located at a distance of no more than 150 m between them along the perimeter of buildings (with the exception of the main facade). The need for external fire escapes is determined by SNiP 2.01.02-85 * and clause 1.103 of these building codes.

1.105. The width of the evacuation exit from the corridor to the staircase, as well as the width of the flights of stairs, should be set depending on the number of evacuees through this exit per 1 m of the width of the exit (door) and the degree of fire resistance of buildings (except for buildings of cinemas, clubs, theaters and sports facilities) :

1.106. The largest number of people simultaneously staying on the floor in the buildings of schools, boarding schools and boarding schools at schools, when calculating the width of the escape routes, must be determined based on the capacity of classrooms, premises for labor training and sleeping quarters, as well as assembly hall- the lecture hall located on this floor.

1.107. The width of the doors of exits from classrooms with an estimated number of students over 15 people. must be at least 0.9 m.

1.108. The greatest distance from any point in halls of various sizes without seats for spectators to the nearest evacuation exit should be taken according to Table 8. When combining the main evacuation passages into a common passage, its width should not be less than the total width of the combined passages.

Table 8

1.109. The distance along the evacuation routes from the doors of the most remote premises of public buildings (except for latrines, washrooms, smoking rooms, showers and other service rooms), and in preschool institutions - from the exit from the group cell to the exit outside or to the staircase should be no more than specified in Table 9. The capacity of rooms facing a dead-end corridor or hall should not exceed 80 people.

Table 9

* The ratio of the number of evacuees from the premises to the area of ​​the evacuation route.

The capacity of premises facing a dead-end corridor or hallway of school buildings, vocational and secondary special educational institutions I-III degrees of fire resistance with a height of no more than 4 floors should be no more than 125 people. In this case, the distance from the doors of the most distant rooms to the exit to the distant staircase should be no more than 100 m.

The distances given in Table 9 should be taken for buildings: preschool institutions - according to group 6; schools, vocational, secondary specialized and higher educational institutions - in group 3; hospitals of medical institutions - per group 5; hotels - by group 4. For other public buildings, the density of the traffic in the corridor is determined according to the project.

1.110. The width of the evacuation exit (door) from halls without seats for spectators should be determined by the number of people evacuated through the exit according to Table 10, but not less than 1.2 m in halls with a capacity of more than 50 people.

Table 10

1.111. The width of the main evacuation passages in the trading floor must be at least, m:

The area of ​​passageways between turnstiles, cashier's cabins and aisles with outside the sales area along the settlement hub is not included in the area of ​​the main evacuation aisles.

1.112. To calculate the escape routes, the number of buyers or visitors to consumer services enterprises who are at the same time in the sales area or premises for visitors should be taken on the basis of one person:

For shops in cities and urban-type settlements, as well as for consumer services enterprises - 1.35 m2 of trading floor space or premises for visitors, including the area occupied by equipment; for shops in rural settlements- 2 m2 of sales area;

for markets - 1.6 m2 of a market trading floor.

The number of people simultaneously in the showroom and the family event room should be taken according to the number of seats in the room.

When calculating the evacuation from the sales areas of stores, the future expansion of the sales area should be taken into account.

1.113. When calculating emergency exits in the buildings of retail trade and public catering establishments, it is allowed to take into account service staircases and exits from the building connected with the hall directly or by a direct passage (corridor), provided that the distance from the most distant point of the trading floor to the nearest service staircase or exit from buildings not more than indicated in table 8.

The device of evacuation exits through the unloading rooms is not allowed.

1.114 *. The number of people per 1 m of the width of the evacuation routes from the stands of open sports facilities should be taken according to Table 11 *.

Table 11 *

The total number of evacuees per one evacuation hatch, as a rule, should not exceed 1500 people. at stands I, II degrees of fire resistance; in stands of III degree of fire resistance, the number of evacuees should be reduced by 30%, and in stands of other degrees of fire resistance - by 50%.

1.115 *. Escape routes from sports halls with stands for spectators and other auditoriums in buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance must ensure evacuation for required time given in Table 12.

Table 12

* The volume of the hall is determined by the internal enclosing structures (in halls with stands - without taking into account the volume of the stands). At intermediate values ​​of the volume, the required evacuation time from the hall should be determined by interpolation.

For buildings of III, IIIa, IIIb and IV degrees of fire resistance, the data given in Table 12 should be reduced by 30%, and for V degrees of fire resistance - by 50%.

When the location of emergency exits from the halls (with a volume of 60 thousand m3 or less) is higher than the floor of the hall by half or more of the height of the room, the required evacuation time should be halved (indicated in Table 12).

When the volume of the hall W is more than 60 thousand m3, the required evacuation time from it should be determined by the formula

,

But no more than 6 minutes.

The required evacuation time, calculated according to the formula, should be reduced by 35% when the emergency exits are located at half the height of the room and by 65% ​​when they are located at a height equal to 0.8 of the height of the hall. At intermediate or lower values, the required time should be taken by interpolation, and at large values, by extrapolation.

The required evacuation time from the building t_nbzd with a hall with a volume of more than 60 thousand m3 should not exceed 10 minutes.

The required time for evacuating people from the stage (stage) should be taken no more than 1.5 minutes, and the number of people being evacuated should be determined at the rate of 1 person. on 2 m2 of the area of ​​the stage (stage) tablet.

The time of evacuation along smoke-free staircases should not be taken into account when calculating the time of evacuation from the building t_nbzd.

1.116. In indoor sports facilities, the number of spectators evacuating through each exit (hatch, door) from a hall with a volume of more than 60 thousand m3 should be no more than 600 people.

When arranging a parterre in a sports arena, if there are only two exits, the distance between them must be at least half the length of the hall.

1.117. The width of the escape routes must be at least, m:

1.0 - horizontal walkways, ramps and stairs in the stands of indoor and outdoor sports facilities;

1.35 - evacuation hatches in the stands of indoor sports facilities;

1.5 - evacuation hatches in the stands of outdoor sports facilities.

1.118. Width doorways in the auditorium should be 1.2-2.4 m, the width of the lobby should be at least 2.4 m. The width of the doorway for the entrance to the boxes is allowed 0.8 m.

Doors of exits from the auditorium and on the evacuation routes of sports facilities (including hatches) should be self-closing with sealed porches.

1.119. The depth of armchairs, chairs and benches in the auditorium should ensure the width of the aisles between the rows of at least 0.45 m.

The number of continuously installed places in a row should be taken with a one-sided exit from a row no more than 26, with a double-sided one - no more than 50.

1.120. Calculation of the total width of emergency exits from dressing rooms with dressing rooms located separately from the lobby in the basement or basement floor, should be performed based on the number of people in front of the barrier, equal to 30% of the number of hooks in the dressing room.

1.121. In rooms designed for a one-time stay of no more than 50 people. (including the amphitheater or the balcony of the auditorium), with a distance along the passage from the most remote workplace to the emergency exit (door) no more than 25 m, it is not required to design a second emergency exit (door).

1.122. In the buildings of schools and boarding schools from workshops for wood processing and a combined workshop for metal and wood processing, it is necessary to provide for an additional exit directly outside (through the insulated vestibule) or through a corridor adjacent to the workshops, in which there is no exit from the classrooms, classrooms and laboratories ...

1.123. The number of evacuation exits from the stage (stage), working galleries and grate flooring, from the hold, the orchestra pit and the safe of rolled decorations should be designed at least two.

1.124. In year-round cinemas, as well as in clubs in the halls of which a film screening is provided, it is not allowed to design evacuation routes through premises that, according to the design assignment, are designed for the simultaneous stay of more than 50 people.

When designing cinemas with seasonal action without a foyer, it is allowed to consider the entrance to the auditorium as the second evacuation exit from the hall.

1.125. In auditoriums with a capacity of no more than 500 seats with a stage (in cinemas - regardless of capacity), a passage through the hall can be taken as a second evacuation exit from the stage.

1.126. When designing premises with division into parts by transforming partitions, emergency exits from each part should be provided.

1.127. The evacuation of spectators on the balcony should not be carried out through the sports, assembly or auditorium.

1.128. Exits from control rooms and light projection rooms to the premises of the spectator complex may be carried out through non-combustible vestibules with self-closing doors made of non-combustible materials or a corridor.

1.129. In one-story retail buildings with a retail area of ​​up to 150 m2 located in rural settlements, it is allowed to use an exit through a group of non-commercial premises, excluding storerooms, as a second exit from the trading floor.

1.130. Entrances and staircases for service personnel should be separate from entrances and staircases for buyers, as well as for visitors to consumer services with an estimated area of ​​more than 200 m2.

Entrances to storerooms and other non-commercial premises should be located on the side of production groups of premises. In enterprises with a trading area of ​​up to 250 m2, it is allowed to provide additional exits to shopping room for supplying goods from pantries adjacent to the trading floor.

1.131. Hotels located in railway station buildings must have their own escape routes.

Exits from 50% of staircases, as well as corridors of railway station buildings to the combined passenger hall, which has exits directly outside, to an external open flyover or platform, are considered evacuation exits.

1.132. Corridors with a length of more than 60 m should be separated by partitions with self-closing doors located at a distance of no more than 60 m from one another and from the ends of the corridor.

In the ward buildings of medical institutions, the corridors should be separated by type 2 fire partitions with a distance between them no more than 42 m.

1.133. With a floor difference of more than 1 m in one or in adjacent premises(not separated by a partition) along the perimeter of the upper level, it is necessary to provide a fence with a height of at least 0.8 m or another device that excludes the possibility of people falling. This requirement does not apply to the side of the stage tablet facing the audience.

1.134. On the stands of sports facilities, if the difference in floor marks of adjacent rows is more than 0.55 m, a fence with a height of at least 0.8 m must be installed along the aisle of each visual row, which does not interfere with visibility.

1.135. On balconies and tiers of sports and auditoriums in front of the first row, the height of the barrier must be at least 0.8 m.

Barriers should be provided with devices to prevent objects from falling down.

1.136. On the glazed doors in kindergartens, schools, rest homes and sanatoriums for parents with children, protective grilles up to a height of at least 1.2 m must be provided.

1. Doors on escape routes should open in the direction of movement of people, in the direction of exiting the building. Doors of evacuation and emergency exits and other doors (corridors, hallways, staircases, lobbies) must be opened from the inside without a key.

2. The lattices on the windows of the first and basement floors must be hinged. For each window there should be two keys located near window opening, on a bright shield (stand). Basement pits should be closed with a free-lying grating.

3. Exits are evacuation exits if they lead: a) from the premises of the first floor to the outside - through the lobby (foyer) b) From the premises of any floor, except for the first. Exits are not evacuation exits if sliding and overhead doors and gates, gates for railway rolling stock, revolving doors and turnstiles are installed in the openings. Elevators, escalators are not escape routes. Do not use them in case of fire.

The number and total width of evacuation exits from premises, from floors and from buildings are determined depending on the maximum possible number of people evacuated through them and the maximum permissible distance from the most remote place of possible stay of people (workplace) to the nearest emergency exit.

The width of the outer doors of the staircases and the doors from the stairwells to the vestibule must be at least the calculated or specified width of the staircase.

The height of the horizontal sections of the evacuation routes in the clear must be at least 2 m, the width of the horizontal sections of the evacuation routes and ramps - not less than: 1.2 m - for common corridors along which more than 15 people can evacuate from the premises of the F1 class; 0.7 m - for passages to single workplaces; 1.0 m - in all other cases. In the floor on the escape routes, height differences of more than 45 mm and protrusions are not allowed, with the exception of thresholds in doorways. Exits that do not meet the requirements for emergency exits can be considered emergency and provided to increase the safety of people in the event of a fire. Emergency exits are not included in the evacuation in the event of a fire.

Requirements to evacuation routes: Escape routes must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.23-05, illumination at least 8-10 lux. Evacuation routes should not have elevators and escalators. Requirements for evacuating stairs. The width of the flight of the stairs intended for the evacuation of people must be no less than the calculated one or no less than the width of any escape exit (door). The slope of stairs on escape routes should, as a rule, be no more than 1: 1; the tread width, as a rule, is not less than 25 cm, and the step height is not more than 22 cm.

66. Fire resistance of building structures.

Building materials of construction are characterized by fire resistance. The fire resistance indicator is the fire resistance limit. The side-altars are set in time (in minutes) the side-altars are set according to the loss of bearing capacity. Loss of insulating ability

Fire protection is designed to increase the actual limit of fire resistance of structures to the required values ​​and to limit the limit of the spread of fire along them, while paying attention to reducing the so-called side effects (smoke generation, release of gaseous toxic substances). This task is performed by using heat-shielding and heat-absorbing screens, special design solutions, fire retardants, technological methods and operations, as well as the use of materials

Firewalls include ceiling walls (firewall); firewalls dividing the building; Fire compartments (for sheltering people), etc.

The fire-retardant effect of screens is based either on their high resistance to thermal effects in a fire, preservation of thermophysical characteristics for a given time at high temperatures, or on their ability to undergo structural changes under thermal influences with the formation of coke-like porous structures, which are characterized by high insulating ability. The location of fire protection screens can be carried out either directly on the surface of the protected structural elements, or on a slope using special membrane boxes, frames, embedded parts.

Fire protection provides for the use of constructive methods, the use of heat-shielding screens made of lightweight compositions applied to the surface of structures by high-performance industrial methods, the development of materials with low fire hazard properties (hardly flammable).

Constructive fire protection methods include concrete coating, brick lining, plastering the surface of structural elements, the use of large-size sheet and slab fire retardant linings, the use of fire retardant structural elements (for example, fire retardant suspended ceilings), filling the internal cavities of structures, selecting the necessary sections of elements that provide the required values ​​of the fire resistance limits of structures , development of constructive solutions for junctions, conjugation and connections of structures, etc. When the cross-sections of the elements are increased, the same grades of concrete, brick and other materials are used as in the manufacture of the protected structure.

Fire retardant paints, varnishes, enamels retard the ignition of materials, reduce the spread of flame over the surface of materials. They perform the following functions: are protective layer on the surface of materials, absorb heat as a result of decomposition, release inhibitor gases, release water, accelerate the formation of a coke layer on the surface of the material. They are divided into two groups: non-bulging and bulging. Non-blowing paints do not increase their layer thickness when heated. Intumescent paints, when heated, increase the layer thickness by 10-40 times. As a rule, intumescent paints are more effective, since under thermal influences, a foam layer is formed, which is a coked melt of non-combustible substances (mineral residue). The formation of this layer occurs due to the gaseous and vaporous substances released during heating. The coke layer has high thermal insulation properties.

The creation of materials with low combustibility is achieved by surface and deep impregnation of materials with special compositions, the introduction of fire retardants into the composition of the original compositions, the use of various mineral fillers, as well as through the use of a variety of technological methods.