Blacksmith forge blueprints. How to make a homemade horn for forging? Open type gas forge

The forge is used to heat the metal before forging, cement it, and perform other heat treatment procedures. It allows you to set the temperature at 1100-1200 degrees. To use a standard forge, you must have special skills and knowledge, be able to choose fuel. The gas forge, although it cannot be used for forging, for example, Damascus swords, however, structurally it is arranged quite simply. It can be done in thirty minutes out of six fireclay bricks and steel scraps.

Design

Here are the structural parts, the presence of which implies the device of the hearth:

• table made of fire-resistant material;
• hearth with grate;
• air chamber;
• air drainage;
• supply air duct;
• tent;
• a hole through which long parts are fed;
• umbrella;
• chimney;
• crucible (can be removed);
• capacity for hardening;
• gas chamber.

Horn on the corner

How to make a blacksmith's forge? First of all, you need to understand the principle of its action. The coal furnace functions due to the burning of carbon. Burning, carbon releases a large amount of energy, which is used for heating.

Since carbon is the strongest reducing agent, it has long been used in the metallurgical field to smelt iron and other metals. Carbon takes all the oxygen from the metal ore, leaving pure metal after smelting.

The carbon prevents the forge-cut workpiece from oxidizing too quickly. Due to this, the part does not burn out. Blowing is carried out so that the fuel lacks air. If you keep the product in the furnace for too long, it will dry out and become brittle.

gas horn

The design of the device becomes much simpler if a purified monogas (propane, butane) is used as a fuel. These gases contain carbon and hydrogen molecules (hydrogen is a good reducing agent, interacting with air, it releases a lot of energy). The gas can be mixed with oxygen in the burner. Homemade gas horn done fairly quickly. The main thing is to install the burner.

The situation is different if you use natural gas. It is a combination of unsaturated/saturated hydrocarbons that require different quantity air. Optimally adjust the supply of oxygen will not work.

In addition, sulfur, silicon and phosphorus molecules are present in natural gas. Sulfur is " worst enemy» steel parts. It makes them unusable. To restore the blanks, you will need to completely melt them.

In view of this, natural gas can be used as a fuel only after purification from sulfur. The easiest way is to pass fuel through naphthalene before supplying fuel to the burner, which will absorb all the sulfur molecules. A home-made forge, powered by household gas, is intended primarily for processing workpieces that will not be heavily loaded in the future.

Purpose of structural elements

In production, the table is usually lined with quartz brick, which is resistant to fire. It is able to serve for decades even in harsh conditions. Homemade horn for forging lined with fireclay kiln brick. It's cheaper, more accessible. With infrequent use, it will also last a long time.

A firebox with grates, an air chamber and a supply pipe form the main part of the device - the lance. Drainage is intended for accurate and fast regulation of the blast. A weakly heated product cannot be forged, it will simply break.

A tent, an umbrella, a chimney are designed to remove smoke that is harmful to the human body from the forge. It is formed quite a lot.

The tempering vessel and the air-gas chamber are optional items. The hardening container is useful if you forge parts from damask steel. they need thermal shock hardening.

The gas chamber is used to:

• additionally dry and heat oxygen;
• purify oxygen from foreign particles and condensate;
• to introduce into the air special filler substances for alloying.

The crucible is a heat-resistant cap that increases the maximum allowable temperature. It is installed when a do-it-yourself forging device is used to melt precious metals, non-ferrous alloys.

Making a forge

The easiest way to make a forge forge with your own hands from fireclay bricks. The grate shelves are made from cut metal pipes, and the grates themselves are made of a steel strip four to six millimeters thick. They must be screwed in at an angle (to capture the blast flow). The fuel will be coal, coke. You can kindle the forge with a blowtorch. Do not forget to install an asbestos partition between the lamp and the forge. It is possible to use such a forge at home only outdoors, because an umbrella and a chimney are not provided.

You can also make a stationary forge with your own hands. To do this, you need to set the dimensions of the table on which it will stand.

1. Stand straight, feet shoulder width apart. Lower right hand, bend it at the elbow joint.
2. Let the partner measure the distance from the elbow to the earth's surface. Add five to seven centimeters. This will be the height of the table.
3. Take the tongs in your right hand (preferably big size). The partner should measure the distance from the abdomen to the ends of the jaws of the instrument.
4. Add 10 - 12 centimeters. This will be one second of the length of the diagonal of the table.
5. The length of the side of the table should be 0.7 from the diagonal.

The blower of the lance with a vacuum cleaner is preferably located at the bottom. The drain flap must be able to slide forward.

It is recommended to install a one-piece grate with grooves that intersect and divide the slab into squares. They accumulate carbon deposits. If you drill holes, then after each forging they will need to be cleaned with a steel twig.

Why you should not make a horn with your own hands using a grate made of planks? This is due to the fact that the fuel burns unequally. In the gaps between the slats of the shelves, oxygen will flow to where it is easier for it to exit. In that area, the temperature will rise, the entire part will dry out, and its fragility will increase.

How to make a horn if there is no special grate? A good option is a lance, in which the holes are located concentrically, have a radius of 4-5 millimeters. Such a design is slowly contaminated, ensures uniformity of the blast.

Gas burners

The gas forge is ideal for artistic forging. There are models that are almost impossible to create without a discharge. The advantage of such devices is that they operate on any gas, have a powerful pressurization.

Bicycle parts can be used to make a gas horn with your own hands. Of the turning work, it will only be necessary to turn the sprocket from the bicycle gearbox. This device can run on propane, butane. However, only small furnaces made of bricks, which are closed, can be heated with it. Do not, under any circumstances, light the burner with acetylene. The part will simply burn out, the device will explode.

Understanding how to make a gas forge is much easier than understanding, for example, wiring diagram. For its manufacture, use the appropriate drawings, photos. Watch the DIY horn video and you will be able to create a device that is great for home use.

Hand forging is becoming more and more popular - both for your own needs and for production. various products to order. Heating of the metal, in order to improve its plastic characteristics, must be carried out in special heating devices, the simplest of which is a forge. The main task of the hearth is to ensure a stable increase in the temperature of the metal to forging temperatures, i.e., not less than 1200 °C. How to make a homemade blacksmith forge, and whether this is possible in principle, is discussed below.

Classification of types of blacksmith forges

It can be made according to the following main indicators:

1. By type of fuel used. There are gas furnaces, as well as devices operating on solid (coal) or liquid (fuel oil) fuel.
2. According to the design features, open and closed forges are built.
3. According to the size of the hearth ( effective surface) - small, medium and large.

Solid fuel forges, for which it is necessary to use coking coal - a spectacular for video filming, but an outdated technical solution. This will require not only to ensure a continuous supply of high-quality charcoal, but also to come to terms with technological shortcomings, including:

• uneven heating;
• inability to control the process;
• high sulfur content, which will increase brittleness during forging;
• increased fuel consumption, it can be up to 120 - 150% of the weight;
• low efficiency of the device, accompanied by significant waste.

Nevertheless, such designs in the conditions of a single production of products can be used at home, especially if these are mini-forges running on cheap fuel oil.

Forge design

To create more favorable working conditions for a blacksmith, it is more expedient to build closed forges. Although they are somewhat more difficult to manufacture, they differ more high efficiency, and provide uniform heating of workpieces, in particular, round or rectangular cross section. Open hearths remain for art forging forges of insignificant size products.

Forge closed type consists of the following elements:

1. steel support frame with uprights;
2. hearth;
3. linings;
4. slide gate;
5. fan;
6. flue pipes.

If during forging it is necessary to heat the metal not completely, then technological holes are made in the damper. They are equipped with closing eyes, which are necessary in order to reduce fuel losses and speed up the heating process.

When arranging a workshop, it is economical to equip the forge with a simple recuperator - a unit that increases the temperature of the exhaust gases from the furnace. Forges with recuperators have a higher efficiency, and the heat generated can be used, for example, for a furnace that performs post-treatment forged products- their forge welding, bluing, etc.

Stages of making a homemade forge

How to make a blacksmith's forge, and where to start? To make a closed hearth, you first need to determine the dimensions of its hearth. They are determined by the desired performance, and depend on the fuel consumption and the intensity of the forge. For the gas version, the fuel supply rate of 1–1.5 m/s can be taken as optimal: in this case, heat transfer processes in an enclosed space will proceed quite efficiently.

The tension of the hearth H is related to the productivity of the hearth N by a simple relationship:

where F is the area of ​​the hearth.

Taking into account the area allotted for the forge, as well as the expected forging productivity (for example, in kg of products), it is possible to establish the actual minimum tension of the hearth (it should not be less than 100 - 150 kg / m 2 ∙ h, otherwise the arrangement of even a mini-version of the heating installation turns out to be disadvantageous).

In order to make a horn with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

1. thick sheet heat-resistant steel;
2. refractory brick (chamotte or dinas);
3. steel shaped rolled metal (corners, channels) for mounting the hearth frame, manufacturing dampers and support posts;
4. steel chimneys for removal of the gases which are formed in the course of heating of production;
5. refractory coating for sealing cracks;
6. sheet or wide strip steel for the outer lining.

The design of an open hearth is much simpler - there it is necessary to equip only a system of grates, and provide air supply, which intensifies the heating process. In this case, a conventional ventilation hood made of heat-resistant steel is sufficient to remove combustion products.

In addition, during construction, it makes sense to use standard nodes. Here we should mention a fan for a hearth, which can be taken as units produced for double-circuit boilers of high power. Also suitable ventilation pipes and steel chimneys designed for flue gases at 300 - 400 ° C. You can equip the forge with your own hands using burners from powerful double-circuit boilers.

Base frame manufacturing

Since the forge is a stationary unit, you should clearly determine its location. At home, not all of the workshop can be used as a forge. But, of course, the hearth should adjoin one of its walls, preferably one that does not communicate with adjacent buildings, since in this case it is much more difficult to equip chimneys and install a fan for the hearth.

Terms fire safety design must be protected from main wall workshop not less than 1 m, while any use of materials with reduced fire resistance (including GKLO brand drywall) is excluded.

In the manufacture of the support frame, it is advisable to use ready-made drawings that can be bought or downloaded on the Internet. The dimensions of the forge / mini-forge are consistent with their own capabilities. It is good if the drawings are also accompanied by a photo and / or video of a working forge.

The support posts and frame are made welded, for which low-alloy steel 09G2S is usually used. It has sufficient strength, is easily and reliably welded, and is resistant to high-temperature corrosion. The step of the lamellar cells of the support frame is determined by the dimensions of the refractory. In the finished frame, holes are provided for the subsequent fastening of the elements of the outer lining.

Making a hearth and vault

When choosing refractories for the arrangement of the upper part, they are guided by considerations of durability, the type of heated products, as well as the intensity of use of the forge. Chamotte and dinas are used more often than others.

Chamotte is made according to specifications GOST 390-79. It is very dangerous to buy non-certified products, because it is sometimes difficult to distinguish fireclay bricks by color from ordinary fireclay bricks, which melt already at 1200 ° C. Fireclay bricks suitable for masonry should be cream-colored and have low porosity. In this case, its weight is at least 5 kg. There are enough demo videos on the Internet that can help you distinguish quality products. For the construction of a hearth, the ShPD, SHA and SHB brands are suitable.

Download GOST 390-79 "Refractory fireclay and semi-acid products general purpose»

Comments:

Most metalworking workshops require a forge. If you have to work not only with cold forging, but also with hot forging, then you can’t do without it. Everything is allowed necessary equipment easy to purchase, but the cost of a forge is quite significant, the price range starts from fifty thousand rubles. And therefore, sooner or later, the thought of making a forge forge with your own hands comes to the head of any workshop owner.

The traditional forge uses forges that run on either charcoal or coal (coke), but there are also varieties that use oil or gas as fuel. We are a country with the largest gas reserves, the price of which is quite low, therefore it is the blacksmith's gas forge, made by hand from improvised materials, taking into account exactly your preferences, will become the best option for any blacksmith.

It is not only easy to make on gas, but even much easier than traditional coal options.

The efficiency of working on gas is very high, and you can use not only the main natural gas, but also the one that is sold in cylinders.

Benefits of a gas forge

1. The device of such a “hearth” is in many ways simpler than coal options, if only because it does not use grates.
2. It is much easier to regulate the gas supply, and hence the combustion temperature, than in other varieties.
3. Due to their weight, such equipment can rightfully be considered mobile. It can be easily transported to the desired location.
4. The cost of manufacturing is quite low and will not undermine the budget of the master.
5. The availability and cost of gas is not comparable to other competitors.

Any master with elementary work experience will be able to build a gas or coal furnace with his own hands, if he has suitable materials, tools and drawing of future equipment. The diagram shows a very interesting option gas forge, but in the manufacture it is not necessary to blindly adhere to it, each craftsman can make his own additions or simplifications to it.

After all, there is no single generally accepted standard. If you follow the basic safety requirements during installation and you are satisfied with the efficiency of the forge, then design features not important at all. Change the size, look, design features, make a bugle for yourself, your addictions, growth, strength. Even such a seemingly eternal requirement as the foundation of a hearth made of refractory bricks is not an unchanging dogma; many blacksmiths manage with a leaky bucket coated with a layer of clay or even a thick sheet of heat-resistant steel. But still, let's briefly consider the two main options for a gas furnace.

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Open horn model: instruction

It is a refractory base in the form of a pallet, platform or table with a recess. Bricks or other refractory base are laid out at the bottom, on the sides there are racks of bricks or steel, on which it will be mounted gas-burner. It must be positioned so that the nozzle is directed downwards into the center of the refractory pan.
The design is primitive, but effective, it does not even need an exhaust duct, the smoke will resolve naturally. But this is if such a hearth is installed on outdoors under an awning or in a well-ventilated area.

Since the shape of the forge is open, there are no restrictions on the size of the workpiece, which is very attractive to many craftsmen.

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Closed model of a gas forge

The main difference from the open variety is that such a horn is clad in a body, usually in the form of a cube, and there is a forced draft. The body is usually made of refractory bricks with a metal cover that turns into a hood. The dimensions of the closed forges are small, for home use it does not exceed 80x100cm. A door will need to be inserted into the front panel.

A hole for mounting a gas burner is provided in the side wall. An important condition is the installation of a forced exhaust (with a channel of 30x30cm), for this they often use engines from an old vacuum cleaner, a car heating stove, etc.

Purpose of equipment

In any forge workshop, the forge is used for a number of important operations - to heat the metal immediately before forging, to cement it, or to do other heat treatment operations. Even outside production shop it allows you to get temperatures up to 1200 degrees. The most amazing thing is that such equipment can be made by yourself - in its simplified version, it can be assembled in about thirty minutes, using only six fireclay bricks and a few pieces of steel. At the same time, both temperature and quality indicators of the heating process itself will meet the requirements for fine art forging and even melting.

Horns are divided into open and closed. In the first version, the source is heated in a special space-chamber.

For the second type, fuel will be poured directly onto the grate itself, and air will be supplied from below (it is convenient to work with large workpieces on it).

How will homemade equipment work? The operation of any (both industrial and home) such equipment is based on the principle chemical reaction given by the combustion of carbon. This element is capable of literally “greedily” wanting to recombine with oxygen (which was noted in metallurgy). Ores of iron and other metals are oxides and their compounds. When heated, oxygen goes to carbon, and the metal begins to stand out in a free form.

However, you need to ensure that the metal itself does not burn out - overexposed, it will simply become overdried (this is, for example, cast iron).

That is why it is important to regulate the flow of air into the furnace. And this cannot be done without a properly built structure.

How the bugle works

The industrial apparatus has somewhat different homemade device. Before proceeding to self-manufacturing such a product, you need to study its basis:

1. Through a nozzle (otherwise called a tuyere), air enters the chamber space.
2. Refractory bricks will maintain the necessary thermal power.
3. The grates will hold the used fuel above the air chamber.
4. A source of fuel will be loaded into the forge nest.
5. Another brick will form the frame of the device.
6. A fan supplies air to the crucible.
7. The overall frame is usually made of metal.
8. Air chamber.
9. Ash pan.
10. Air pipe.
11. Casing.

Of course, in order to comply with all of the above, ordinary person not enough knowledge and resources. But a more simplified version is quite realistic to install on its own.

Horn made of bricks: a simple closed option

A temporary forge is easily built from available improvised means. For this you will need:

• six refractory bricks;
• soldering lamp;
• homemade grate (grate) made of steel strips with a thickness of at least 3 mm.

All work must be carried out in a pre-designed fireproof place. Correct sequence steps can be considered as follows:

1. The bottom "layer" of bricks is laid (two pieces).
2. Then two cropped drainpipes, on which the grate is placed in such a way that a gap is still visible between it and the bricks from below.
3. On the grate, you need to slightly bend the transverse rails - this will help them capture the flame of a heated blowtorch and already direct it straight up.
4. Two side bricks are laid (these will be walls).
5. On them, similarly to the lower ones, a pair of the remaining upper ones will be located.
6. Coke (coal) is poured onto the grate and a blowtorch (already heated) is placed in front of the mountain itself. From its flame coals flare up and further burning is supported. Now it remains only to find the optimal direction for the flame, so that the output has a very high temperature.
7. For security reasons, it is better to fence off blowtorch from a hot forge with some kind of screen made of non-combustible material.

Parts manufacturing

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The working surface will be a table - that is, the base of the hearth, where it will place the hearth with fuel. It is on it that metal blanks are heated. This design is usually very heavy. It is easy to make: for example, you can make a metal cover in 4 mm steel sheet.
How is the grid made? You can “adapt” an old cast-iron skillet for this (only before that you need to drill a few holes with a 10 mm diameter). Alternatively, a wheel rim is also suitable.
After completing work with the grate, we adjust it by inserting it into the hole in the table. To better “fit”, the brick can even be slightly filed (after soaking it in water). The height of such a table can be chosen arbitrary, but it is better to do this at the level of the master's belt.

Gas options

Is it possible to replace coal (usually coke) and a blowtorch with some other analogues? For example, it could be a gas burner. In industry, yes, it is easy for the simple reason that the monogases used there are specially designed for such purposes (they consist of a specially selected mixture). But household gas will not give in use the optimal heating of the air, which can heat the metal. Moreover, in household burner there is an admixture of sulfur, which can simply “kill” all the operational properties of the metal (for reverse process everything will have to be re-melted). It also "poisons" steel and sulfur from wood.
Of course, this can be fought. Only ways are somewhat "exotic":

1. Pass gas from the cylinder through a container with naphthalene before feeding it to the burner.
2. Heat parts that are not very responsible and subject to stress with such a gas (these can be any decorative art elements of forging).

How to use "homemade"

homemade brick horn

An additional supply of air blowing can be provided using a foot drive (usually mechanical). It can be replaced with both a fan and a vacuum cleaner. As for the latter, it can be said that it is important here that the speed controller be present and make little noise.
The brick horn is almost ready. Now it is important to learn how to use it correctly:

1. The forging itself will begin with pouring fuel onto the grate area. Although many blacksmiths act on this basis: the blanks are placed on the coals themselves, and another layer is added on top (this allows a vault to form inside the coal and create the necessary enormous temperature).
2. Wood fuel is still allowed, but for this you will have to install one ring on the forge (height 15 cm and diameter 20 cm). A vertical cut is made inside the ring and the same on the other side.
3. So as it burns wood waste will fall down, and at the very bottom will be installed optimum temperature for working with a metal product. If you plan to work with large workpieces, then it is better to increase the working surface - for this it is enough to make a special removable table of the required size from the corners.
4. An extractor hood will also need to be installed above the blacksmith's mini-workshop - such a box can either be purchased or made independently.
5. The workpiece selected for forging must be buried in already hot coal, where it is aged for about light orange(this is an indication that the temperature has approached the mark of about a thousand degrees). It is impossible to hold blanks for too long - this will only worsen their mechanical properties and make the metal too brittle.
6. For forging, a hammer weighing up to one kilogram is used. You need to work in special protective glasses - this will prevent hot scale from getting into your eyes.
7. As an anvil, you can use any massive metal thing - a sledgehammer or even a piece of rail.

Homemade forge will even help to make welding- only in this case, the parts must be heated to white heat (and this is already a temperature of at least 1300 degrees) and overlapped. But for this, it is better to use low-carbon steel materials.
On such equipment, you can even solder. For such a part, they are preliminarily wired and covered with borax (or flux) and then sent to the furnace to be heated to a temperature of 900 ° - this will be seen from orange color metal. It remains only to bring pieces of brass into the soldering places and wait until they spread along the seam.
With the help of such homemade equipment you can make grates, fireplace tongs, decorative door and gate hinges, and even a candlestick. The assortment will depend only on the desire of the master behind the mountain.
For a more detailed disclosure of the topic, we recommend watching a video on making a simple forge:

Updated:

Making a blacksmith's forge with your own hands is far from the most difficult task. At the same time, you will get the opportunity to create metal masterpieces at home. Of course, making a forge with your own hands makes sense only if you are going to work with metal, forge some products.

Photo of a forge

Forged elements are actively used in industry and everyday life. It can be as huge complex structures, and the simplest small crafts.

To be able to forge metal, it is necessary to have a forge and a device that will heat the metal to the required temperature of 1000-1300 degrees. How to achieve this at home? That's right, you need to build a forge with your own hands.

The device of the forge is just designed to heat metal blanks to high temperatures.

Forges have the same principle of operation, and the devices differ only in the type of fuel used. This affects the type of construction.

Modern blacksmiths who prefer to work at home use coke as fuel. This is due to the fact that coke provides high temperature at a small expense, allocates a minimum of waste.

The nuances of self-production

How can you make a homemade blacksmith forge? To do this, you will need drawings of the model of the heating device that suits you and the room where the equipment will be located.

Horns differ in the types of heating chambers.

1. Closed heating chambers. They are the most efficient, as they minimize fuel costs, providing excellent heating of the workpieces. But the blanks themselves are limited in size, since they depend on the dimensions of the chamber.
2. Open chambers of a warming up. This design provides that fuel is poured onto the grate, and air is supplied from below. The metal blank is placed on the fuel. Although the fuel consumption is somewhat higher, larger blanks can be used.

How to make a blacksmith's forge in order to be able to forge iron at home? Consider each stage of the construction of the structure.

Photo of a blacksmith's forge made by hand

1. Table. The table is the basis of a homemade forge. The drawings show that it is quite simple to build this element. Usually the height of the table is up to 80 centimeters, and 5 millimeters thick metal is used for the cover. Working surface may have become various sizes. It all depends on what kind of metal blanks you are going to work with. Another option for building a table is to use the corners to create a frame. A brick and a grate are laid inside it. The grid should be centered.
2. The grid is mounted in a hole made in the table. Then refractory bricks are closed on all sides. Select the height of the table directly to your height so that the structure is at waist level.
3. Blowing. In order for the forge device to work effectively, it needs high-quality air blowing. Due to oxygen, the temperature rises, the metal begins to melt. In traditional hearth designs, blowing was used with foot drive. But now everyone has the opportunity to use electricity, because optimal solution- an electric fan or old vacuum cleaner. The vacuum cleaner delivers the right amount of air. With a speed controller, you get a chic homemade bugle.
4. Now all structural elements are assembled in single system- homemade metalworking forge.
5. Pour the required amount of fuel onto the grate. First, use wood chips and medium wood, after which it is the turn of coke. Turn on the blower, place your workpiece over the fuel. A small amount of coke may be sprinkled on top of the iron. If there is no coke or there are large stocks of wood taps, you can use them.

This is a model of a simple blacksmith's forge. If there is a desire or opportunity, you can significantly improve your own blacksmithing equipment, bringing it closer to the features of an industrial forge.

What has an industrial forge

Professional blacksmiths use industrial forges, which differ increased efficiency and high reliability. It is almost impossible to make an industrial forge on your own. But somehow get closer homemade model to the ideal is quite real.

What is the difference between an industrial forge, and what components are included in its design?

• Air nozzle. Homemade forges use the hose of an old vacuum cleaner to supply air instead of a nozzle;
• Refractory brick. There is a complete analogy between home and industrial devices;
• Grate. Most homemade forges involve the use of a grate. Many people make it from old thick-walled pans;
• Nest for solid fuel. This socket allows you to conveniently load the required amount of solid fuel. To equip a homemade horn with a similar element will not be a problem;
• Frame bricks. It's already stationary devices which are laid with bricks. For a simple forge, such elements are already superfluous;
• Air supply fan. We considered an example with a conventional vacuum cleaner, which does a good job of pumping air. If you like, you can use fans or other similar devices;
• Metal carcass. On its basis, the table is held;
• Air chamber. Homemade forges do not have it, but if you need professional equipment, it will not be superfluous to equip the device with a camera;
• Ash pan. If you intend to regularly use your forge at home, we advise you to equip it with an ash pan. So it will be easier to take care of the device;
• Horn casing.

What exactly to complement your blacksmith device - decide for yourself. At the same time, we advise you to follow a few recommendations in order to increase the efficiency of the device.

1. The fuel can be coal, wood and coke. Although coke is more expensive, it consumes 5 times less than coal, emits less soot and waste. Fine coke is the most efficient type of furnace fuel.
2. An alternative type of fuel for the forge is gas. And from cylinders or lines. When using gas, you do not need a grate. The advantage of gas is the ability to control the heating temperature and its availability.
3. An exhaust hood should be installed above the mountain, consisting of metal 4-5 millimeters thick.
4. If the horn runs on gas, holes for the burner must be made on the sides.
5. Forging devices need smoke removal systems. This is a pipe with a height of 5 millimeters, the cross section of which is 30 by 30 centimeters.
6. A good replacement for a vacuum cleaner is a stove fan that is installed on cars.
7. If you make a hole in the back wall, ventilation will be much more efficient.

After looking at the photo of the furnaces and having studied the video of the manual for their self-production, we can conclude that there is nothing complicated in the construction of such units. Another question - do you need it?