What can dilute polyurethane varnish. Cozy corner. Classification of polyurethane enamels

From this article you will learn:

Such surfaces in the apartment as the floors, concrete walls, Furniture, interior items, constantly threatens many aggressive external factors: hot dishes, spilled liquids and food, heels and other sharp objects, household chemicals. As a means of protection that maintains integrity and appearance Surfaces are used polyurethane lacquer. It is easily applied and forms a durable quick-drying film, and the diluent for polyurethane varnishes provides the remedy for the necessary consistency.

What is the diluent for polyurethane varnishes

Sometimes the term "solvent" is used in the "diluent" value, but it is not entirely correct: these liquids are different in composition and functions. The solvent is a liquid that dissolves the solidified substance (polyurethane or other varnish, for example), and the diluent is a liquid used to reduce the viscosity of any means (varnish, paints, veneers, etc.).

Some fluids are capable only to dilute the means for finishing the premises, others are not only diluted, but also can dissolve the dried film of varnish or some other coating. Thus, the White spirit can serve as a diluent for a polyurethane or dense alkyd-oil varnish, however, the striking, these compositions cease to dissolve in it. But the denatured alcohol is simultaneously with a solvent, and a sllake diluator.

Polyurethane varnishes are a mixture of a solution of polyurethane oligomer and organic solvents. When selecting a diluent for polyurethane varnish, it is necessary to ensure that the lacquer contains alcohols, gasolines and nitrogen components and at the same time contained acetates or aromatic hydrocarbons.

Aromatics (toluene, xylene), estrices (ethyl acetates, butyl acetates, ethyl glycol acetate), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methylisobutyl-ketone, cyclohexanone) are used for solvents and diluents for polyurethane varnishes. All components of polyurethane varnishes, as well as diluents for them, should not have in their composition hydroxyl-containing compounds (for example, alcohols, water), which react with isocyanates.

In addition, the presence in solvents and diluents for polyurethane varnishes of benzene, pyrobenzene and methanol is eliminated.

Give preference to thinners of well-known brands, in this case you can not worry about the quality of the coating.

As thinners for polyurethane varnishes to the desired viscosity, solvents are usually used solvents P-4, P-4A (GOST 7827-7), in which 10-30% (for applying a varnish with a brush) or all 100% solvent (if the paintopult works) .

Processing the surface with polyurethane varnishes, consider their low viability: after the lacquer was mixed with the diluent and the rest of the ingredients, you can work with it for only 12 hours (at a temperature of +20 ° C).

Characteristics of diluents for polyurethane varnishes

Solvent R-4

It consists of:

• 26% acetone;
• 62% toluene;
• 12% butyl acetate.

The diluent (solvent) P-4 for polyurethane varnishes has a form of a transparent colorless or a little yellowish liquid of homogeneous consistency (without visible precipitate and floating particles).

Specification of the diluent P-4: The mass fraction of water in it is 0.7%, the frequency coefficient is 5-15, coagulation - no more than 24%, and an acid number - up to 0.07 mg of con / g.

Solvent R-4A

Composition of funds:

• 38% acetone;
• 62% toluene.

This diluent for polyurethane varnishes looks the same as the previous one. According to the specification, it is also similar to the diluent P-4.

Solvent R-189

It is a mixture of compounds:

• 37% of ethylene glycol acetate;
• 37% methyleletics;
• 13% xylene;
• 13% butyl acetate.

This means used when working with polyurethane varnish, also looks like a light yellow or colorless liquid.

Specification of the diluent (solvent) R-189: Water is not more than 0.7% of the mass of matter, the relative volatility of xylene is 1.2-1.6.

This diluent is used for lacquer brands such as the UR-293, UR-294.

It has the following standards for the working area: the limit threshold concentration (in the USA denoted by TLV) - 750 ppm; 1780 mg / m 3 (ACGIH 1993-1993).

RL-176 solvent

Includes:

• ½ cyclohexanone;
• ½ solvent.

It has a liquid consistency, not painted (but in some cases has a light yellowish tint).

Specification of the RL-176 solvent for polyurethane varnishes: no more than 2% of water from the entire mass of the means, volatility by xylene - 1.5-4.5.

We are necessary for working with such a paintwork, like varnish AC-176.

Characterized by the following standards for the working area: TLV 750 PPM; 1780 mg / m 3 (ACGIH 1993-1993).

RL-176 Solvent

The composition of the solvent for polyurethane varnishes RL-176 ur brand A:

• 50% ethylene glycol acetate;
• 50% cyclohexanone.

Brands B:

• 50% ethylene glycol acetate;
• 50% methyleletics.

Brands in:

• 50% ethylene glycol acetate;
• 50% methyleletics.

The tool looks like transparent, sometimes with a yellowish tinge, a liquid, homogeneous and without suspended particles.

The solvent has the following specification: up to 2% of water in total mass, volatility for xylene - 1.5-4.5.

Used together with Laca UR-277, UR-277 M, UR-277 P, UR-268 P.

Safety technique when working with a diluent for polyurethane varnishes

Solvents and diluents are gradually torn to polyurethane varnish, gently stirring it and bringing to the required consistency. Before that, you need to wear a special protective mask and rubber gloves - all these compositions are dangerous for health, therefore compliance with safety technicians. The room in which varnish is mixed must be well ventilated.

If the diluent got on the skin, immediately rinse the affected area warm water. Capacities with polyurethane varnish and diluent are tightly closed after work, and then the diluent is stored in a dark place. The mixture is kept in reliably protected from ultraviolet rays, fireproof and inaccessible to children room.

Danger for man

Using solvents and diluents in working with paint and varnish materials, know that almost any construction and household chemicals are toxic, so do not forget to take necessary measures security.

Even the one-time effect of a concentrated diluent for polyurethane varnish (or rather, its evaporation) to the human body is dangerous for the eyes and respiratory tract, as well as for the skin. CNS, liver and kidney, digestive system can be amazed.

Long-term contact of the skin with a diluent (solvent) can lead to dermatitis, and in severe cases - to problems with bone marrow and blood.

Using diluents for polyurethane varnishes, in the workplace follow the rules of GOST 12.1.005.

The concentration of poisonous substances in the air in the workplace is measured using the techniques described in GOST 12.1.005 and 12.1.016, approved by government health authorities.

Fire danger

The diluent for polyurethane varnishes is a flammable and flammable substance (class 3.1 LVZ, the flare temperature is less than +23 ° C), so it needs to be stored in a safe place, away from open fire sources and sparks. It is impossible to smoke near the container with a diluent. A mixture of evaporation of diluent with air is explosive.

At temperatures from +20 ° C, the diluent for polyurethane varnishes rather quickly pollutes the ambient air (and if the means is sprayed, then even faster).

The diluent pairs are heavier than atmospheric air, they are stealing along the ground and can cause a fire at some distance from the tank with the substance.

Interacting with strong oxidizing agents - nitric or acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide - the diluent is capable of forming explosive substances. Under normal conditions, react with bromophorm and chloroform, which is fraught with explosions and fires. Also, the diluent destroys some types of plastic materials.

It is possible to carry out the tanned diluent for polyurethane varnish with:

• chemical foam;
• carbon dioxide;
• water (dispersion spray);
• air (mechanical way).

Transportation

Solvents and diluents for polyurethane varnishes are supplied to a glass or metal of 0.5-10 liters. You can only transport these formulations in a tightly closed dish protected from heating, direct sun ray and moisture ingress. Transportation is allowed only in specialized railway tanks or vehicles. Such precautions are due to the fact that the dissolving mixtures of explosion and fires are highly large.

For the transportation of dissolving compositions, in particular, the diluent for polyurethane varnish, tanks belonging to the supplier or the buyer or the buyer are used by rail in accordance with the rules of transport by rail in bulk in tank cars and bunker vents for the oilbitum transportation. It is also allowed to transport the diluent in special tank containers for hazardous liquid goods of class 3 (see "Rules for the transport of dangerous goods by railways»).

Diluents for polyurethane varnishes, filled into containers for transportation, transported in covered freight cars or in universal containers (see "Rules for the transport of dangerous goods by rail" and " Technical conditions Placement and fastening of goods in cars and containers ").

Environmental Protection Requirements

Production of diluents for polyurethane varnishes is associated with the formation of gaseous or liquid waste representing the environmental hazard for the atmosphere and reservoirs.

To protect the atmospheric air from toxic impurities, compliance with the maximum permissible emissions (PDV) established by GOST 17.2.3.02. The procedure for the implementation of this control is determined by the relevant executive authorities of the Russian Federation.

As for the protection of water (in particular, fishery reservoirs) from poisonous drains, then for them there are also extremely permissible concentrations and approximately safe levels of exposure, which is monitored by government instances.

Liquid waste, which are contaminated solvent mixtures (including diluents for polyurethane varnishes), or drained into claiming facilitiesOr return to production, where they are collected and then processed for reuse.

Where to buy diluent for polyurethane varnishes

You can purchase high-quality and safe paintwork materials, including a diluent for polyurethane varnishes, you can in our company - Rainbow JSC.

Rainbow JSC has been operating since 1991 (former "centermebelkomplekt", "Decor-1"). The company was organized for the supply of enterprises that are part of CJSC Centrholebel.

Today, the company's permanent business partners are not only Russian manufacturers, but also leading companies in Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Switzerland, Finland, Poland, Sweden. Our office is located in the center of Moscow, as well as its own warehouse complex with an exhibition hall with an area of \u200b\u200b200 m².

In our warehouses located in the near Moscow region, there are always a large selection of raw materials, materials and components for the production of furniture and joinery. In the range of more than 300 names of varnishes and 400 dyes names, focus on selling varnishes and dyes with a dry residue.

At the request of buyers, our team makes polyurethane enamels of almost all colors for one or two days. We offer glues from five leading manufacturers of Europe, veneer Natural and lumber - more than 60 names of ordinary, exotic and exclusive rocks. In stock There are constantly facial and fastening accessories - more than 4,000 items from manufacturers from Europe: Austria, Poland, Germany, etc.

Every month we process applications more than 1,800 clients. These include both large furniture factories and private entrepreneurs.

Deliveries of goods are carried out throughout Russia. Our company is free of charge products in Moscow. Products are sent by car In all regions of Russia.

Our company is serious about the preparation of their own specialists. Managers systematically undergo internships in engagement finishing materials Germany, Italy, Austria, Finland. Our company's employees provide technical assistance to customers.

We invite you to cooperate on mutually beneficial terms! We value our customers and try to find an individual approach to each buyer.

The importance of solvents and their role in work not only for wood forces any homemade Masters It is better to know their types, types and properties, as well as what they are made.

Although the terms "solvent" and "diluent" are often used as synonyms, these liquids have completely different properties. (Nevertheless, for simplifications, we will mainly use the word "solvent".) The solvent is a liquid dissolving solids, such as dried varnish. Diluent is a liquid that dilute the veil, paint or varnish to reduce viscosity.

Sometimes liquid only dilutes the finishing composition; In other cases, it is capable of not only to dilute varnish, but also dissolve the drying film of the coating. For example, White-spirited can dilute thick alkyd-oil or polyurethane varnish, but after drying, these varnishes are no longer dissolved in it. On the contrary, alcohol-denature can be dissolved and diluted with shellac (see table at the end of the article).

Learn to understand these substances, without which most of the trim ways are impossible. First, combine all fluids into the main groups and learn what one group differs from the other. Then consider the fluid that are included in each group and find out the differences between them. Having become acquainted with the basic properties, it can be understood how complex diluents, consisting of different substances work.

Basic groups of solvents

We will not consider special solvents that make up the washes for varnishes and paints, as well as water that is used to dilute the finishing agents on water based And dissolves water dyes. In addition, there are five major solvent groups used in finishing processes: petfoldistillates (oil distillation products), alcohols, ketones, ethers and glycol ethers.

Skipidar could be found to the sixth group, but it is very close to oil profits on the working properties, and it is better to include it in their group. Each of the five groups has its own characteristics. The most common are petrofilants, also called hydrocarbons, since molecules of these substances consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Incoming B. this group Liquids are obtained by the separation of oil on fractions at different temperatures. Skipidar is also a product of distillation, but instead of oil, the raw material is used to obtain a resin coniferous trees.

Oil distillates are used to dissolve and dilute wax, oils and varnishes on oil-based (including polyurethane). Many of them (for example, White Spirit, Kerosene, Vaseline Oil and Paraffin) have properties that make them similar to wax or oil, and are often used as components of lubricating substance and furniture care compositions. Less oily distillates, such as toluene or xylene, easily remove oil and lubricants and are used for degreasing.

All oil industry and turpentine can be mixed in any proportions. Compared to White Spirit, turpentine more oil and slower evaporates. Toluene and xylene are part of complex (integrated) solvents and diluents for varnish, washes for acrylic paints and diluents for some two-component varnishes. With their help, you can delete even dried glue IVA. Neftelates are used for dilution of industrialized oil-based vehicles.

Alcohol Applied as diluents and solvents of shellac and alcohol dyes, as well as components of diluents for varnishes. Ketones and ethers are used as solvents and diluents for nitroelulous varnishes and paints.

Glycolic esters (for example, the cellullev - the trade name of ethylene glycol) is also diluted and dissolved nitrolac and are often used as a binding supplement in veneers and water-based finishing compositions. Thanks to these solvents, latex particles of the composition are connected and form on the surface of the wood protective film After water evaporates from the coating.

Differences within each group

The essence of the differences between the liquids of each group is the same: the smaller the molecule of the substance, the faster they disappear (evaporated), and vice versa, the liquid consisting of large molecules dries slowly. In addition, large molecules after drying are often left on the surface of the fat or wax flare, and smaller molecules are destroyed, as a rule, without a trace. Visually represent the differences in the substances of the same group, with whom most often have to deal, will help the "oil distillates" scheme. The smallest molecules in this group have methane, which evaporates so quickly that at a conventional temperature is in a gaseous state.

Following methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc., up to octane - quickly evaporating fluid, serving the main component of the automotive fuel are followed by the degree of increasing dimensions of molecules. Then they follow solvent and white spirit (oil solvent less oily and faster evaporates than White spirit). Toluene and xylene - volatile fluids with a sharp smell - get from solvent and White Spirit. Manufacturers are isolated toluene and xylene, and the residue is sold as a white-spirited spire, which is weaker than ordinary White spirit, but wax dissolves in it and it is suitable for diluting oils and oil varnishes. Toluene and xylene evaporate very quickly, not leaving traces. Next liquid with even larger molecules - kerosene. It is very oily and almost not evaporate at room temperature. After kerosene there is mineral oil, which has all the properties of real oils, which practically do not evaporate. And finally, oil wax, or paraffin, is one of the main products of oil distillation. At room temperature, it is not a liquid, but a solid that melting when heated.

So, we listed almost all major substances included in the oil distillate group. Alcohols, ketones, ethers and glycol ethers differ in each other in the same way - the smaller the molecule, the faster they disappear, and the liquids consisting of large molecules evaporate slowly. Of these four groups, only alcohols and ketones are available and widely used in the finish. In the group of alcohol, methanol (wood alcohol) evaporates the most quickly, much faster than ethanol - alcohol contained in alcoholic beverages and also called wine alcohol. Ethanol as food alcohol is subject to high excise duties, and to avoid taxation, poisonous substances are added to it (usually methanol), making it unsuitable for drinking. Such a mixture is called alcohol-denatuloma or solvent for shellac. Methanol itself is very poisonous, and it should only work with it on the street or in a special picking chamber With powerful ventilation.

In the group of ketones, acetone evaporates faster than methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The remaining ketones disappear slowly. Solvent can be recognized using a suffix in its name. Alcohols have a suffix "-ol" (methanol, ethanol), ketones - suffix "-on" (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), Ether -Suffix "-At" (methyl acetate, ethyl cetatat, etc.). In the names of liquids from the group of glycol esters, as a rule, the word "ether" is present. But do not give all these names to mislead or deceive. In most cases, you only need to recall the five basic groups, each of which is used to dissolve or dilute certain substances. Inside each group, the differences between liquids included in it are not so significant and are mainly concluded, only in the speed of their evaporation.

Solvent for nitrolac

After reading the main properties of various groups, you can understand how a combined solvent for nitronelulose varnishes is valid. Being a mixture of several substances, it can have different evaporation speed, and its properties depend on the composition and proportions of components included in it.

The main substance of the lacquer is the mine molecules of nitrocellulose, with a strong magnification under the microscope similar to Spaghetti. So that they do not stick together with each other and it is more convenient to apply lacquer by spraying, required a large number of liquids. If the molecules face, being too close to each other, varnish becomes viscous, and when it is applied with spraying on the surface of the film, a so-called shagreen is formed, resembling the skin of an orange.

For the application of the sprayer, the varnish should not be viscous; A sufficiently small amount of solvent to separate the nitrocellulose molecules from each other. The composition of the nitroquacure solvent is usually contained about 40-50% of the active substance, which is a solvent of varnish molecules: acetone, ether or glycolic ether. The rest can be any liquid serving a kind of "diluent for solvent." Typics are commonly used, which do not dissolve varnish, but only dilute it even more. These fluids are usually relatively cheap and allow to reduce the price of the combined solvent for nitrolacs. Approximately 50-60% of such a combined solvent is a diluent. Toluene, xylene, or mixture thereof, and sometimes the oil solvent is included in the solvent. The cost of the combined solvent can be reduced even more by replacing the part of the active solvent with alcohol, the mixture bowl. Although alcohols themselves do not dissolve nitrolac, they sharply reduce its viscosity, being mixed with acetone or another active solvent. Therefore, in combined solvents, in addition to the active solvent and diluent, there is often some alcohol, which serves as the so-called latent (hidden) diluent.

Knowing these properties, it is possible to find out what is sold under the name of the washing for nitroqua and shellac, which amateurs often use to update finishing coatings Furniture. As a rule, this is an ordinary combined solvent. You can make sure that by reading the names of the components on the label. For use, a combined solvent must have a thoroughly selected composition as a thinner nitrol. A sufficient amount of active solvent and latent diluent is needed to fully dissolve the nitrocellulose molecules. Otherwise, the molecules stick into tiny lumps, and a whitish flask is often formed on the lacquer film, well known to many joiners using nitrolac for finishing. If you encountered this phenomenon and put the lacquer turned, to correct the situation will help lightly grinding a dry lacquer film and spraying on top of it solvent, which will return to her shine and transparency. (Combined solvents in retail sale, as a rule, contain an insufficient percentage of an active solvent. For successful correction of the Whole nitrolak film, we recommend adding a little pure acetone to the purchased solvent to be completely dissolved to completely dissolve varnish particles.)

Manufacturers often declare that only the combined solvent is suitable for working with their nitrolac. However, if you do not have any problems with the behavior of the lacquer film, then there is no reason to go to the solvent recommended by the manufacturer. If you apply a nitrolac with a sprayer, you probably have time to notice his unique property well to hold on vertical surfaces. It does not flow down like oil varnish, Shellac or water formulations, and with neat work, the drums are not formed. The reason for this property lies in long molecules of nitrocellulose and the rapid evaporation of the diluent. As soon as the jet of diluted lacquer flies out of the nozzle of the paint pistol and turns into the smallest fog droplets, the diluent evaporates, and the molecules begin to stick together with each other. Having achieved the surface of the product, the varnish acquires a greater viscosity and does not drain. The remaining solvent is enough only on the leveling of the lacquer film, then these remnants evaporate.

The percentage of active solvent in products of different manufacturers may be different; For this reason, the properties of combined solvents may differ greatly, since they affect them mainly, the rate of evaporation of the active solvent. Survived combined solvents can be divided into three categories: standard solvents for nitrol and nitroemali, evaporating with "normal" speed; so-called leveling, which evaporate slowly more than standard; And fast (sold usually in autocostectors), wealthy faster than everyone else. Unfortunately, manufacturers do not have mandatory standards, therefore it is necessary to experiment, selecting a combined solvent with an optimal evaporation rate among all three categories. However, mixing solvents from different categories, you can achieve the desired result. Under normal conditions (at a temperature of 24 ° C and air humidity, 40%), the rate of evaporation of a standard combined solvent is optimal, but in cold weather (5 ° -15 ° C), the nitroquac diluted with this solvent dries very slowly. With a long drying to the surface of the lacquer, it time to settle more dust, and they are embedded in varnish. The finish process slows down significantly. You can speed up drying with a rapid solvent or partially adding it to the standard. In hot weather, NITROLAK's droplets simply do not have time to crush over the surface to form a smooth film. Sometimes they can even dry in the air before they fall on the surface.

The coating is obtained by rough and dim. If the ambient air is not only hot, but also wet, the droplets of the varnish are captured by moisture, and the coating film becomes whites. You can get rid of three problems at once (poor spraying, premature drying and whiteness) using a slow solvent or adding it to the standard one. If you live in a very wet climate and the slow solvent you use does not help get rid of the lacquer command, experience the products of other manufacturers to find more suitable. Slow solvents can be used to combat shaggy, to apply a varnish with a brush, as well as for finishing complex products, such as chairs or inner walls of cabinets and boxes, when part of the varnish is settled on already dried surfaces. It is often possible to achieve an optimal result with combined solvents only with the help of experiments, since manufacturers do not inform the speed of evaporation of their solvents, and the drying time of the nitroquone coating has to be determined by the patriot and errors. But, having some experience and using the same grades of solvents, you will be able to fully control the finish process.

Safety when working with chemical solvents and diluents

IN last years More and more appears finishing compositions On a water basis and safe washes, and this makes many more carefully look at organic solvents and their impact on the environment. Undoubtedly, the future of carpentry finishes - in water compositions, but time is required for the full transition. However proper use and storing solvents remains an acute problem for small workshops.

In fact, many of us are aware that solvent pairs are a more serious threat than liquids? Having learned some information, you will be more attentive to potentially dangerous substances and you can reduce the risk to a minimum.

White Spirit – liquid product Distillation of oil used as a diluent and means for removing wax and oils, as well as washing with brushes. It reduces viscosity, providing deeper penetration into wood and accelerating the drying of the compositions on an oil basis. At the rate of evaporation occupies an intermediate position between slowly evaporating turpentine and quickly volatile solvent. Almost no smell, which makes it difficult to determine the excessive amount of its vapors in the air. Fortunately, White Spirit is considered one of the safest solvents.

Turpentine - Liquid obtained by distillation resin coniferous trees. Used as a diluent and cleaning agent for removing oil pollution. Due to slow drying, the White Spirit may be preferable in some cases. It has strong unpleasant odor. If you get on the skin relatively safe, with the exception of people with increased sensitivity. However, it is firewood and sometimes can ignite spontaneously. Never keep a rag in the workshop, soaked with turpentine, even moistened with water.

Oil solvent - Quickly evaporates that in some cases it can be useful, but it is also easily flammable. Remember the main rule: if the solvent evaporates quickly, it has low temperature Flash, so fire-haired. Do not use indoors of flammable liquids, such as solvent or combined solvent, whose pairs can flash from the slightest spark in electrical outlet or switch. Solvent is usually used to remove traces of wax and oil, as well as for softening and polishing mastic based on shellac.

Solvents for nitrolac - a mixture of several liquids, whose properties differ depending on the brand. For better compatibility, it is usually recommended to use solvent and varnish of one manufacturer. Solvents have a sharp smell, and it does work with them unpleasant. Being added to nitrolac, they improve the spreadability and leveling of the coating film, making the shine more uniform. They also provide better adhesion due to deeper penetration into wood and accelerate drying. Like solvent, not recommended for use in premises due to high fire hazard.

Methanol. - A very effective solvent and thinner of the shellac and other alcohol basis compositions, but it causes corrosion of many metals and damage the finished coatings. Despite the excellent work properties, it is one of the most dangerous solvents. It is better to replace it with ethyl or isopropyl alcohol for safety. Methanol, like methylene chloride, requires a very careful appeal. Normal coal filters Respirators do not delay the pairs of these solvents. When buying a respirator, find out whether it is designed to work with these substances. Remember - not all respirators are the same.

When working with any organic solvents and diluents, comply with the rules fire safety And personal hygiene, so as not to at risk their health and life. Make a workshop place where you can work without fear of trouble.

Which solvent what to breed, dilute - Table

Availability and high quality as well a wide range of - That's what the varnish made a truly affordable material. But many home and private masters still ask a question - what to do if the duck is lacquered? There are no hopeless situations, and therefore it is possible to solve this question in several ways.

It may seem that these concepts are identical to each other. But this is an erroneous representation. How to dilute varnish if he thicked up, and what else can be done in this case, because this situation happens quite often? Use special means related to one of two categories:

Some means are effective when performing only one function. For example, White spirit is suitable for diluting such compositions:

• oil;
• alkyd;
• relating to the polyurethane group.

With the final frosting of the lacquer, White Spirit cannot be a solution to the question of what can be diluted with varnish. Therefore, you have to look for other options. The so-called denaturates equally help and dissolve varnish, and just get a diluted composition.

On video: differences between diluents and solvents for varnishes.

How to dilute polyurethane varnish?

Polyurethane refers to modern polymers. By the aggregate of its properties, it exceeds such analogs as metal and rubber, plastic and rubber. In production, polyurethane is mixed with other chemical additives, and therefore does not allow to dry the base.

There are polyurethane compositions, which are based on only water. Such chemistry is environmentally friendly, is distinguished by the absence of harmful discharge.

If you need to make a liquid polyurethane composition, then the use of such substances is permissible:

• eluents that belong to the types P-4, P-5;
• acetone;
• xylene;
• toluene.

How to deal with alkyd options?

These products are distinguished by such properties as strength, the ability to resist the effects of ultraviolet rays and moisture in large quantities. I am glad and high level of adhesion (clutch with the surface).

The main component of alkyd compounds is an organic solvent. Syccats and other substances that attach additional operational characteristics are added to it. But different compounds can be used as the main component:

• mixtures of resin on alkyd and melamine-formaldehyde bases;
• glyphthalic resins to which cotton oil is added;
• pentafthalic resins, to revive them simple enough.

How to breed varnish on an alkyd basis? Try White Spirit - this is quite a traditional and efficient material.

About bituminous varnish

In this case, the basis performs a mixture consisting of various resins and oils, as well as a bitumen of a special brand.

If after applying the material is already drying, it forms a solid black film on the surface. This is a moisture-proof compound that is immune to chemical influences of any kind. IN household use Bituminous materials became common not so long ago, but already became known due to low cost. Often, such a composition is used as protective layer against corrosion. To lacquer do not fall, apply standard protection.

If there wood baseBut it is not necessary to emphasize the natural texture, choose varnishes from bitumen. They are also able to give the surface the effect of aging, and do not switch from a normal state to the alien.

TO unique features It applies to the use of the so-called cold gluing. If the solution thickened, you can give preference to White Spirit. It is important to use hermetic containers, then during storage it will not be necessary to worry about what a thick and dried varnish will appear. In the place of storage, it is important to maintain the absence of light, moderate temperature and level of humidity.

How to remove dried lacquer with tools

The above listed ways that help improve the consistency, if the lacquer thickened. But what needs to be done to get rid of varnish on painting tools, and is it possible to remove synthetic compositions after they are applied?

What to do if the varnish thickened, and how to dissolve the old composition? Alas, in this case it is impossible. Cyclic or grinding will help get rid of the problem if it is eliminated at least partly. In case of refusal to the mechanical processing method, the solution is selected individually.

The use of so-called washes is one of the most simple options solutions to the problem. This substance is a chemical mixture. Available in powders or gels, as well as in the form of a liquid. Acetone is able to cope with the most simple varnishes. Denaters will help to remove Shellac. How to restore it is another question.

This is how to perform a procedure for removing a varnish from the tools in stages:

1. Apply the solvent on the base surface.
2. Wait until the film on the surface does not start softening.
3. The treated surface can be covered with polyethylene to speed up the process.
4. The old composition begins to swell and darken, after which you can remove the detached particles.

The spatula facilitates the process of getting rid of varnish in a softened form. The main thing is to work carefully so that the surface itself is not damaged. If the composition dries, work will have to suspend. Otherwise, there is a risk of defects on the surface, from which it will be difficult to get rid of.

To remove the rest of the varnish with painting tools, you can use such tips:

1. Prepare a warm solution from water and soap. This option is suitable for water-based varnishes.
2. For others paintwork materials With the organic basis it is better to use White Spirit, Kerosene or Skipidar. Rinse the remnants of the substance will not be any difficulty. Then there will be only rinse the tool itself of some chemistry.

Divide nail polish is also simple: To do this, you need to watch the vessel with the composition to the battery or omit in warm water for a few minutes. Now you know how to dilute varnish. For this purpose, the use of several different means is allowed, then the composition will be much easier to breed.

Solvents for dried varnish (2 video)

Lucky and solvents (22 photos)

The magazine, I received a long time ago (at the exhibition), but here to scoil and place my article gathered only today :).

Covered varnishes. What to protect your work?

Varnish - These are film-forming solutions of synthetic or natural resins (or polymers) in organic solvents or water.

Coating varnishes are used for final processing and protection of work. The coating varnishes are for painting (artistic), for decorative and applied products, construction, as well as special and universal. The lacquer film not only protects work from exposure ambient, dust, dirt and mechanical damage, but also increases the light resistance of the paints, enhances their depth and sound.

Now in stores you can find a wide variety of coating varnishes as universal and with special effects. Initially, the varnishes came to us from ancient Chinawhere their production was used exclusively natural resin of a special "varnish" tree. Nowadays, varnishes are produced from both natural resins and mastics and from artificial. The bases for the dissolution of these resins are also distinguished, for which varnishes are most often classified on oil, water and alcohol.

In the degree of gloss lacquer there matte (absolutely without shine), silky-matte (with moderate brilliance) and glossy (with a high degree of gloss).

Consider covering varnishes universal destinationwhich are suitable for decorative and applied works, interior and furniture items.

Alkyd varnishes- the most common synthetic varnishes based on organic solvents. Alkyd lacquer film, transparent, has good adhesion (clutch) to various surfaces and water resistance. Alkyd varnishes are used for both internal and outdoor work (sold mainly in building stores). For the coating, there are enough 2-3 layers of varnish, and due to the low speed of drying, the lacquer film is well smoothed on the surface. These varnishes over time, or with a large number of layers, are noticeably yellow, which is especially important to consider for white surfaces. Dilute such varnishes usually with a chipidar, they are also laundered tools. From here another explicit drawback is a strong smell, both when working with varnish and when laundering tools.

Acrylic varnishes -a large group of modern varnishes, which consist of acrylic or vinyl resin as a rule on a water basis, but there is also based on organic solvents. (A large selection of such varnishes both in art and construction stores).

Acrylic varnishes on water based have a number of advantages over varnishes on solvents, because Practically do not smell, quickly dry, diluted with water, and the tools are laundered with water, respectively. On dry wear resistance, the aqueous varnishes are not inferior to alkyd. From disadvantages it can be noted that acrylic water Lucky is less than a rack to wet exposure and fall a thinner layer, which sometimes leads to a common increase in the number of varnish layers. Also, due to the rapid primary setting of the lacquer film, it may be more often traces from the brush and irregularity when applied to avoid it, it is necessary to monitor the consistency of the varnish, and during thickening to dilute with water. When applied, the varnish has white dairy, but after drying it becomes absolutely transparent and does not turn yellow with time! It should also be noted that some acrylic varnishes retain some stickiness to the touch after drying. Although it is not necessary to forget that the acrylic varnish is captured quickly, and upper film It seems dry to the touch, but complete drying, and the acquisition of the stability of the film occurs only a few days later (as in cases with alkyd varnishes)!

Acrylic varnish based on organic solvents Have a more dense consistency, quickened, but well-spilled layer. These varnishes are high as dry so and wet wear resistance, do not turn yellow, but have a strong smell, because Diluted with turpentine or other universal solvents.

Acrylic varnishes on different bases widely represented in art stores such firms as Marabu., Hobby- Line, Ferrario., Rayher etc.

Polyurethane varnishes. There are also acrylic based on organic solvents or oils and water based. Possess practically the same properties as acrylic varnishes described above, but differ in high resistance and durability.

Polyurethane varnish on organic solvents and oilsdiluted with turpentine, and quickly yellow, but they give a very high-quality smooth wear-resistant coating.

Water-based polyurethane varnishes combine the benefits of water-based acrylic varnishes, i.e. Eco-friendly and do not yellow and synthetic on the resins (high stability). But to obtain a smooth film, again, it is necessary to monitor the consistency of varnish.

Alcohol varnishthey are obtained by dissolving in wine or wood alcohol of some natural resins. Square (or shellac), sandarak and mastic are most often used. These varnishes give a coating with good mechanical strength and adhesion (clutch, compound) to various surfaces, high glitter. Coatings are well polished, but differ in low water resistance. Alcohol varnishes also protect well gilt and potal from oxidation will dry quickly, but with a single coating, it gives a very thin layer, so when using shellaca as finish coat Sequentially several layers should be applied. Shellac There are varying degrees of yellowness, according to the degree of cleaning. Tools are laundered in alcohol. At the Italian company Ferrario. Shellac is represented by varying degrees of cleaning.

Glass varnish. It is a water-based lacquer, has an absolutely transparent look after drying and high glossy gloss, gives an elastic, flexible smooth coating. It dry pretty quickly, but you can speed up the drying process of hot air dryer. You can also dry in the oven when t. 80 s, in this case, the varnish acquires special scratch resistance. But it must be borne in mind that this lacquer has bad adhesion with other types of varnishes, i.e. It does not lie down the upper layer on another varnish (rolls down when applied or can crack after drying). Such a varnish have a company Ferrario. andMaimeri..

We considered only one-component varnishes. However, it is worth mentioning special two-component varnish that give a particularly smooth surrounding. For example, varnish Glasur 2k.fromMarabu..

So let's summarize. If we want to cover a light object or product where white colors prevail it is better to choose a water-based lacquer (acrylic or polyurethane) of the desired degree of gloss (exception, there may be a situation when the yellow is only on the hand to give a compiled vintage type). If at the same time it is assumed to be used on the street or in wet roomOr it will have to often wipe with a wet cloth worth thinking about the use of acrylic varnish based on organic solvents. If bright or dark colors It can safely use an alkyd or polyurethane varnish based on organic solvents. Of course, for a thing that involves active use, it is better to choose a polyurethane varnish based on organic solvents (or aqueous, but then more than 3 layers should be applied). By the way, in decorative creativity you can use varnishes not only, from artistic stores, but also varnishes for repair and finishing works (parquet, furniture). Such varnishes as Poly-R (Germany), Kiva and Yasna Tikcuril firm have proven well.

Calculation rules. All varnishes are applied to a dry surface, purified from dust, fat and dirt. If an intermediate layer of varnish was used in the work, it is necessary to wait for it to complete drying, and to process sandpaper. The first layer of varnish, especially on organic solvents, should be applied to 30% diluted. Then the product gets more durable protection and varnish does not lose its plasticity. For varnishes on organic solvents, 2-3 layers for coating are enough, and for water varnishes, such layers may be needed from 3-5 to a dozen (depending on the desired result). Varnishes with a wide brush or flots, also can be used for large surfaces. Each layer of varnish is well drying, use fine-grained grinding for grinding emery paper or steel fiber.

Decorator Artist Natalia Zhukova.

Solvents are often used to dilute paint materials (paints, varnishes, enamels, glue). They are all sorts of species. And each of them has its own characteristic properties. In this article we will tell you more, which is a solvent for acrylic paints, oil colors, varnish, glue.

Acrylic solvent

This composition is often used to dissolve polyurethane resins, two-component acrylic paints, primers. Despite the fact that acrylic paints can be diluted with conventional water, the use of this solvent significantly accelerates the process when the coating layer is drying. In addition, its use allows you to achieve a flat and smooth painted surface without the formation of any heights and a dairy plaque.

The acrylic solvent has a type of transparent fluid with a specific smell. It is produced in several versions, which differ from the drying time (Madle, more and more, and bye). And are applied in certain conditions, depending on the humidity and temperature of the air. For example, in cold weather it is better to use the composition with a high speed of evaporation. On a hot day, the opposite is desirable to apply a solvent with a low evaporation.

Store composition is preferably in well ventilated, cool and dark rooms (without access of UV rays to packaging). It is also important that the main rules and fire safety standards in force. The packaging itself should be tightly closed and located in a vertical position.

Solvent for oil paints

For dilution of paints on an oil basis, the following solvents are often used: White spirit, gasoline, acetone, turpentine. Tell the most detailed about each of them. So, White Spirit is produced in the process of oil distillation. It is used to dissolve alkyd, bitumen, oil paints, as well as for rubber, olife, epoxy and polybulathelomethalate. Instead, NEFRA 150/180 (as a substitute) can also be used. Skipidar - manufactured industrial method When processing wood pine.

The following types are distinguished: dry, steam, sulphate, extraction. The best is the one that contains a greater amount of Pinen. Use it to dilute the paints of oil, glyphthal, bituminous, pentaphthalicable LKM. Acetone is passing by treating cumol hydroperoxide. it good solvent varnishes and paints based on vinyl polymers. It is also used to dilute polyacrylate, epoxy resin., chlorinated, vinyl chloride copolymers.

Solvent for glue moment

The glue solvent is necessary not only in the process of applying the composition, but then when the mixture has already dried. For example, there are cases that you need to disconnect some details or rain the stain. The best solvent For a super blockage, it is usually ethyl acetate, xylene, butyl acetate and acetone. And sometimes it is sometimes diluents for acrylic and polyurethane varnishes and paints. Let's tell about them in more detail. Ethyl acetate is used for nitrocellulose and polyacrylate paints and varnish materials. Like acetone, almost all polymers dissolve.

The xylene solvent - consists of a mixture of isomers, which is obtained from coal or oil. Therefore, it is divided into stone and oil. It is used for phenolic, alkyd, chlorinated, bitumen, epoxyphenolic paints and varnish materials. Butyl acetate is manufactured by heating acetic acid and butyl alcohol with the addition of catalysts. It is used to dilute the esters of oil, chlorinee, fats, cellulose. And if you add a small amount of butyl alcohol to it, it is capable of preventing the formation of an LKM film.

Solvent for varnish

In order to dilute the varnish, the following solvents can be used: benzene, p-4, p-4a, 646. If we talk about the first - benzene, then it is obtained by pyrolysis of raw stone benzene and oil. It is an excellent thinner for rubber, fats, oils, wax, cellulose, esters, silicone and cresolformaldehyde resins. In the event that it is necessary to dissolve polyurethane varnish, then the compositions of the P-4 and P-4A will also fit well.

The main ingredients of these mixtures are: ethers, ketones, hydrocarbons. And also includes some components that are capable of significantly increase the efficiency of dissolving LKM. They are used for many paints and varnishes - varnishes, putty, primers, enamels. 646 The solvent is suitable for surface treatment before applying the LKM (degreases it), and also effectively dissolves nitroemal and nitrolaca.