Fire drill at the present stage. Fire-fighting and tactical-special training

Discipline 9. FIRE-SHIELD TRAINING

Introduction

The program of the academic discipline " Fire-fighting drill»Developed taking into account the qualification characteristics and guidelines set out in the Program for the training of personnel of the units of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.

MAIN TASKS studying the discipline "Fire drill training" are: the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, practical skills and abilities by students in working with the main types of fire and rescue equipment, both individually and as part of the department (guard), in the preparation and conduct practical training in fire-fighting training, in holding competitions in fire-fighting sports, drawing up documentation of competitions in fire-fighting sports, developing moral and psychological qualities in trainees, due to the specifics of professional activities.

The discipline "Fire drill" is interconnected with the study of such disciplines as "Physical training", "Psychology", "Pedagogy", "Fire fighting equipment", "Training of a gas and smoke defender", "Fire tactics", "Fire service of civil defense and emergency situations" ...

KNOW:

The place and role of fire drill in the system of professional training of personnel of units and garrisons fire department;

Requirements normative documents regulating the fire drill of the State fire service(State Fire Service) EMERCOM of Russia;

Methodology for organizing and conducting fire drill training;

Methods for the formation and improvement of control and assessment of knowledge, skills and abilities in fire drill training;

Rules and techniques for working with manual fire ladders, life-saving equipment, hoses, hose fittings and accessories, fire nozzles;

Operations of combat crews on the main fire trucks during various types of combat deployment;

The value of fire-applied sports and its place in the system of combat and physical training;

Rules and techniques for performing exercises by types of fire-applied sports;

Competition Rules for Fire-Fighting Sports;

Safety measures when working with fire-fighting equipment and equipment.

BE ABLE TO:

Work with manual fire ladders, rescue ropes and means, sleeves, hose fittings and accessories, fire nozzles in various conditions;

Perform actions as part of combat crews on the main fire trucks during various types of combat deployment;

Prepare and conduct practical training in fire drill with squad and guard;

Fulfill different kinds exercises in fire-applied sports;

Draw up the documents necessary for holding competitions in fire-applied sports;

Carry out refereeing in fire-applied sports.

HAVE A REPRESENTATION:

On the rules for planning and organizing fire drill in fire fighting apparatus;

On the ways and means of preventing injuries in the classroom for fire drill.

Practical lessons are aimed at acquiring and improving practical skills in performing individual and group exercises with fire-technical equipment, preparing and conducting practical exercises with the personnel of the department and the guard, in judging competitions in fire-applied sports.

Practical lessons are conducted by two teachers.

18 hours are allocated for the study of disciplines, of which: 6 hours of lectures, 10 hours of practical training. The forms of the final control of the study of the discipline are test - 2 hours.

The distribution of hours by topic is given in the thematic plan

Discipline 9.fire drill

TOPIC 9.1. Appointment and tasks of fire drill. General Provisions fire drill.

Purpose and tasks of fire drill, its place in the system of professional training. The relationship of fire drill with other disciplines. Regulatory requirements... Safety measures during training, ways and means of preventing injuries. The concept of exercises, elements and techniques for working with fire-technical equipment.

Additional:

TOPIC 9.2. Packing and putting on combat clothing and equipment. Collection and departure by alarm.

Methods for putting on and putting on combat clothing and equipment. Construction of departments for fire trucks. Landing of personnel in the car.

Main:

Additional:

TOPIC 9.3. Rescue rope exercises. Rescue and self-rescue. Exercises with fire hoses, barrels, hose fittings and accessories.

Fastening the rescue rope to the structure different ways... Knitting of rescue loops without putting on and putting on the victim, loops for lifting fire-fighting equipment. Coiling the rope into a ball. Self-rescue from the floors of the training tower using a rescue rope. Safety measures when working with a rescue rope. . Laying of hose lines from rolls and packs. Cleaning sleeves in single and double rolls, figure eight, stacking. Lifting the hose lines to a height using a rescue rope. Laying of hose lines from the upper floors using the extension method.

Main:

Additional:

TOPIC 9.4. Psychological training of firefighters.

Arrangement of a fire strip for psychological training of firefighters (psychological strip) and methods of overcoming its shells. Overcoming individually and as part of the separation of shells of the fire strip (psychological strip) without impact and with the impact of fire and smoke.

Main:

Additional:

TOPIC 9.5. Opening and dismantling of structures.

Rules for carrying a fire fighting tool. Rules for opening roofs, floors, doors and windows, opening and disassembling interfloor and attic floors using a hand-held fire-fighting tool. Security measures for opening and disassembling structures.

Main:

Additional:

TOPIC 9.6. Instructor-methodical training of the head of training in fire-drill training.

The basic principles and methods of teaching used in the classroom for fire drill. Requirements for a class leader. The procedure for preparing a leader for fire drill training. A plan for a practical lesson with a detachment and a guard. Methods of organizing and conducting classes with a detachment and a guard with the aim of “teaching”, “training”, “taking credit”. Summing up the results of fire drill training.

Main:

Additional:

TOPIC 9.7. Work with manual fire ladders and ladders.

Carrying, hanging and climbing the fire assault ladder to the floors of the training tower. Removing the retractable fire ladder from the fire truck, carrying it to the training tower, installing and climbing it to the floors of the training tower, laying the stairs to the fire engine. Combined ascent of retractable fire and assault ladders. Climbing fire-escape ladders suspended by a "chain". Climbing the fire ladder.

Main:

Additional:

TOPIC 9.8. Combat deployment.

Full deployment from the main fire trucks with installation on a water source and supply of manual fire nozzles “A” and “B”, foam barrels, fire monitor. Combat deployment with water intake using one or two hydraulic elevators. Combat deployment with water pumping. Combat deployment with the supply of trunks on manual fire ladders and using auto ladders. Security measures during combat deployment.

Main:

Additional:

Final control of the discipline (questions for the test).

Types of fire hoses, methods of laying and cleaning them.

Technique for temporary repair of hoses, working with barrels, hose fittings and accessories.

Fastening the rescue rope to the structure (1,2,3,4 method)

Knitting single and double rescue loops.

Knitting of a loop for lifting PTV.

Requirements of the rules for labor protection when working with a rescue rope and carrying out rescue operations.

Packing and putting on combat clothing and equipment. Collection and departure by alarm

The tasks of the PSP, its place in the vocational training system and the relationship with other disciplines.

The concept of exercises, elements and techniques of work with PTO and PTV. Labor protection rules during classes.

The main teaching methods used in the classroom on PSP. Requirements for leaders of training sessions on PSP.

The procedure for preparing NDT (KO) for practical training on PSP.

Requirements for the methodological plan for conducting practical exercises on PSP.

Actions of the head of the class during the practical training on the PSP. Assessment of the training of firefighters on the guard according to the PSP.

Requirements of the rules for labor protection when working with manual fire ladders.

Requirements of the rules for labor protection during combat deployment.

Discipline 10. FIRE AUTOMATION

Introduction

GOAL studying the course "Fire automatics" - improving the qualifications of employees of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, as well as improving theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for qualified supervision of the implementation and operation of automatic means of warning, detection and extinguishing of fires, examination of plant designs fire automatics and checking their performance under operating conditions.

The discipline "Fire automatics" makes high demands on the natural science training of students, therefore, the theoretical and practical basis for studying the discipline is knowledge in higher mathematics, physics, chemistry, other disciplines of a general scientific nature, as well as special disciplines: "Hydraulics and fire water supply"," Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer "," Electrical Engineering and Fire safety electrical installations "," Fire tactics ".

MAIN TASKS study disciplines are:

Understanding the place and role of automatic means of preventing explosive situations, detecting and extinguishing fires in common system fire safety;

Improving knowledge of the methodology for justifying the need for the use of fire automatic equipment, the principles of selection and design of automatic systems the opposite fire protection(APZ);

Study of methods for studying the phenomena and processes occurring during the functioning of the APZ installations;

Improving knowledge of the methodology for the examination of projects of fire automation installations;

Improving knowledge of the methodology of fire-technical inspection of APZ installations at operating facilities;

Improving the ability to organize supervision over the implementation and operation of APZ installations;

Improving the application in practice of the requirements of guidelines and regulations.

As a result of studying the discipline, the student must:

KNOW:

Requirements of modern regulatory documents on the implementation, operation, examination and testing of the operability of fire automation installations;

Principles of construction of automatic systems that ensure fire and explosion safety of technological processes;

Principles of construction, application and operation of technical means of fire automation;

General principles for the selection and design of fire automation installations;

Device, principle of operation, tactical and technical data of fire automation installations.

BE ABLE TO:

Apply requirements in practice guidance documents on the organization of control over the design, installation, maintenance and operation of fire automation installations;

Organize supervision over the implementation and operation of fire automation installations, conduct fire-technical inspection of installations at operating facilities.

HAVE SKILLS:

Checking the operability of fire automation installations;

Analysis of project documentation.

HAVE REPRESENTATIONS:

On the modern regulatory, technical and regulatory framework for certification of products and services in the field of fire safety;

On the procedure for licensing types of activities in the field of fire safety;

On the current procedure for the transition to use in automatic installations gas fire extinguishing ozone-safe gas compositions;

O theoretical foundations regulation of fire and explosion hazardous technological processes.

48 hours are allotted for the study of the discipline, of which lectures - 16 hours, practical classes - 28 hours. The form of the final control of the study of the discipline is - 4 hours credit.

The distribution of hours by topic is given in the thematic plan.

SECTION 10.1. AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM

Topic 10.1.1. The principles of construction and composition of fire and security fire alarm

Purpose and scope of automatic fire alarm (APS) and security and fire alarm (FSA). The main parameters characterizing the development of a fire, which are carriers of information about the fire. General device and principle of operation of alarm systems.

Classification and basic parameters of fire alarm systems. Basic principles of constructing APS and OPS schemes. Conventional, addressable and analogue addressable fire alarm systems.

Main:.

Additional:.

Topic 10.1.2. Fire detectors

Appointments, scope, classification, basic parameters of fire detectors. Requirements for them. Features of the transformation of the main information factors of fire by fire detectors. Modern fire detectors - automatic and manual: types, device, principle of operation, specifications, advantages and disadvantages, features of their application. Estimation of fire detection time. Recommendations for the selection of fire detectors, the principles of their placement at facilities, installation rules. Methodology for testing the performance of fire detectors.

Main:.

Additional:.

Topic 10.1.3. Fire control devices.

Purpose and main functions, scope, general arrangement fire alarm receiving stations, signaling and starting devices, fire control and receiving devices. Tactical and technical capabilities, technical requirements to them. Schemes for switching on fire detectors, requirements for placement, power supply and signaling lines of devices. Features of address and analog addressable systems fire alarm.

Main:.

Additional:.

SECTION 10.2. AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING UNITS AND PERSONAL SAFETY SYSTEMS IN FIRE

Topic 10.2.1. Installations of water and foam fire extinguishing

Purpose, scope and classification of water and foam fire extinguishing installations.

Sprinkler and deluge installations, their types, schemes, principle of operation. The main equipment of the installations: water feeders, control and launch units (KPU), sprinklers, dispensers, their design, work and operation.

Rules for the operation and maintenance of AUP. Functionality check technique. Hydraulic calculation of water and foam AUP. Electrical control of installations. Installation and operating requirements.

Practical exercises: determining the operability of assemblies with valves VS, main engines, BKM, etc. and the technical condition of the installations.

Main:.

Additional:.

Topic 10.2.2. Gas fire extinguishing installations (ugpt)

Purpose and scope, classification and general requirements.

Schematic diagrams of installations with rope, pneumatic and electric starting. The principle of operation, design and operation of control and launch units (KPU): shut-off valve(ZK), sectional fuse (SP), shutter head (GZSM), automatic exhaust head (GAVZ), starting air valve(PVC), switchgear (RU). Calculation of gas fire extinguishing installations.

Electrical control of installations. Requirements of normative documents for installation and operation of installations. Information about the new developments of the UGPT.

Main:.

Additional:.

Topic 10.2.3. Basic information on powder, aerosol and steam fire extinguishing installations

Purpose, scope, classification of powder, aerosol and steam fire extinguishing installations. Features of the design and use of installations. Views, schematic diagrams, device and principle of operation, features of operation and requirements of regulatory documents.

The main types of powders and aerosol-forming fire extinguishing agents. Brief information O physical and chemical bases fire extinguishing effect fire extinguishing agents... The device and principle of operation of fire-extinguishing aerosol generators. Rules for the use of generators of aerosol fire extinguishing.

The main types of self-triggered fire extinguishers. The principle of operation and rules for the use of automatic fire extinguishers. Features of building local and modular installations fire extinguishing.

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Additional:.

Topic 10.2.4. Automatic systems, ensuring the safety of people in case of fire

The need for automatic fire protection of multifunctional high-rise buildings (ZPE) and with mass stay of people. Purpose, ASPS device and principle of operation. Equipment and automation of smoke protection systems, features of placement and installation. Technical means warning people about fire and evacuation management. Requirements of regulatory documents to them.

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Additional:.

SECTION 10.3. BASICS OF DESIGN AND OPERATION OF FIRE AUTOMATION UNITS

Topic 10.3.1. Acceptance for operation and method of checking the operability of the APZ system

The list of normative documents for the operation of AUP. Methods for analyzing design documentation. Requirements of regulatory documents for the operation of fire extinguishing installations. Methodology for testing the performance of water, foam and gas fire extinguishing installations. Types of UAPZ surveys, methods of their conduct. Delivery and acceptance into operation. Documentation on the results of inspections and acceptance of the UAPZ. Methodology for checking the performance of ASPS and SOUE.

Main:.

Additional:.

Topic 10.3.2. Organization of supervision over the implementation of the APZ system operation at the facilities

The general structure of the organization of work on the implementation and operation of fire automatics. Basic principles of interaction with organizations engaged in the design, installation and operation of fire automatics. The procedure for concluding contracts for design, assembly work... Organization of supervision over the operation of fire control systems.

AND ELIMINATIONCONSEQUENCESNATURALDISASTERS (Ministry of Emergency SituationsRUSSIA) APPROVED Deputy Minister Russian Federation onaffairscivildefense, extraordinarysituations and liquidationconsequencesspontaneous ...

1. Modern methods of extinguishing fires using a variety of fire fighting equipment require high professional skills and physical training from the fire brigade personnel.

Fire drill training ensures the conscious and skillful implementation of the most rational and effective techniques actions with fire fighting equipment and equipment and is one of the critical species combat training of fire brigade personnel.

2. The main tasks of fire drill are:

Education in personnel of high moral and volitional qualities, discipline and comradely mutual assistance;

Training in techniques and methods of action with fire fighting equipment and equipment;

Development of skills for well-coordinated work and skillful use of fire fighting equipment and equipment in rescuing people and extinguishing fires.

3. Fire drill is carried out by:

Individual training for firefighters in how to work with fire fighting equipment and equipment;

Education and training in the squad and the guard;

Passing the standards for fire drill training;

Participation in competitions in fire-applied sports.

4. Responsibility for the organization of fire drill in the unit is borne by the chief of the fire department. He ensures the creation of the necessary training material and technical base, monitors the course of training and the implementation of the organizational and methodological requirements of this Manual, and also checks the level of physical fitness of personnel.

5. Basis for scheduling classes on fire-drill training is the "Program for the training of personnel of the fire brigade".

The main planning documents are the annual study plan and monthly class schedules.

When drawing up a schedule of classes, the head of the unit must take into account the sequence of training in techniques for working with fire-technical weapons available in the unit and the garrison of the fire brigade, the degree of preparedness of the personnel and the characteristics of the protected area (object). Classes should generally be one hour long. At each lesson, at least two exercises should be studied (worked out).

6. Education and training of personnel in techniques for working with fire fighting equipment and equipment are carried out at training sessions on fire drill, when solving fire-tactical tasks and conducting exercises.

7. Learning exercises for rescuing people, self-rescue and working with fire-fighting equipment is carried out at training and sports grounds. Training in the clarity and speed of the exercises for the installation of fire trucks on water sources and combat deployment, as a rule, should be carried out on buildings and structures in the exit area of ​​the unit and at protected facilities.

8. The head of the fire drill training is obliged to:

To be able to organize and methodically correctly conduct classes; know well and be able to follow the rules and techniques of working with fire equipment and equipment;

Know and take into account the degree of training of firefighters, their age and state of health;

Know the influence physical activity on the body of firefighters, to distinguish signs of fatigue and be able to correctly determine the load in the classroom;

To achieve the correct and accurate execution of drill techniques, to work them out in all classes related to formation and rebuilding, when referring to senior in rank (position); require the student to strictly adhere to the form established for classes;

Be an example of neatness, smartness, know the regulations and instructions well;

Prepare in advance for classes, check the condition of the classes and take measures to comply with safety rules.

9. The results of fire drill in fire departments are summed up in accordance with the requirements Combat training programs for personnel of fire brigades and Standards for fire drill training.

The training of the commanding staff of fire departments to work with fire equipment and equipment, their methodological skills are tested by the chiefs of the units during fire-tactical exercises.

10. In the process of training in fire drill, the following methodological principles (requirements) must be observed: conscious attitude of students to classes and their high activity; visibility, systematicity and consistency of training; solid assimilation of the necessary knowledge and skills.

Consciousness of learning is achieved first of all, by explaining to firefighters the importance of fire drill training to improve their combat skill in physical training.

The leader of the lesson is obliged to clearly set tasks for each lesson, to get the firefighters to understand why the exercise should be performed as he shows how to minimal cost time and effort to complete it and master the technique, what results must be achieved.

The activity of the participants in the lesson is achieved clear organization of each lesson, lively and interesting conduct of them using a variety of means and methods, providing trainees with time to complete the exercises on their own.

Visibility is achieved showing the exercises being studied and an easy to understand explanation. For the demonstration of individual exercises, special indicators must be distinguished and prepared.

Systematic training is ensured the correct distribution of training material within a month (year) and regular training in fire drill. When conducting classes, long breaks should not be allowed, as they lead to forgetting and impairment of motor skills.

The sequence of training is ensured adherence to the principle of a gradual transition from easy and simple to more complex and difficult exercises. Exercises should correspond to the level of physical fitness of the trainees, be feasible for them.

The strength of the acquired knowledge and skills is ensured repeated repetition of exercises in various combinations and a variety of conditions. Repeated execution of the exercises is carried out only after they have been well learned by the trainees.

This section presents outline plans (methodological plans) for fire drill and tactical and special training.

Methodical instructions

Classes in fire-drill and tactical-special training are planned immediately before the fulfillment of the standards, while the standards for fire-drill and tactical-special training must correspond to the worked out exercises.

Fire drill training is conducted by the chief of the guard on duty (shift) or the squad leader.

TO practical training personnel can start exercises only after mastering the requirements of the rules for labor protection, preliminary study (repetition) of the device, mechanisms, devices and devices used in the exercise. Particular attention should be paid to ensuring safe environment work at heights, with a rescue rope, power tools, rescue and self-rescue equipment from heights.

Topic N 1 "Introduction to the course of fire-fighting and tactical and special training"

Topic N 2 "Applied Fire and Rescue Sports"

Topic No. 3 "Exercises with manual fire ladders, auto ladders"

Topic No. 4 "Exercises with fire hoses, trunks and branches"

Topic N 5 "Exercises for working in the RPE"

Topic No. 6 "Exercises for the rescue and evacuation of victims"

Topic No. 7 "Exercises for deploying calculations"

Topic N 8 "Exercises in fire-applied sports"

Topic N 9 "Exercises with rescue equipment and tools"

Abstract topics

in the section: 23 articles

Fighting clothing and firefighter equipment

For work on fires with high thermal radiation, a heat-reflecting suit is used. The set of such a suit includes a jumpsuit with shoe covers, a jacket, a protective mask with a cape, gloves and a cover for an oxygen-insulating gas mask.

Combat deployment of the guard with the supply of trunks when working in pumping with the use of a pump-and-hose vehicle Water can be pumped in two ways: directly from the pump to the pump (sequential operation of the pumps) and through the tank of a tank truck, used as an intermediate tank, or through an intermediate tank.

Preparation for combat deployment is carried out upon the arrival of the fire department at the fire simultaneously with reconnaissance and includes: installation of a P / A on a water source with the connection of suction hoses and starting water into the pump

Deployment of the compartment with the supply of the GPS barrel is carried out by the command "Compartment, GPS barrel (the number of sleeves is indicated) - march". On this command, firefighter No. 1 is the trunk of the GPS. Firefighters No. 2 and No. 3 deploy a working line of packs or rolls on the right side. The sleeves are connected to each other and connected to the GPS barrel.

Preparation for a w / o branch at the AC (without installation on a water source) is carried out by the command: "Branch - get ready" AC is installed at the specified place. Firefighters No. 1,2,3 prepare the sleeves, the “B” barrel, the trench tool, attach the sleeves to the pump discharge nozzle and to the barrel.

The rescue rope is secured to the building structure in four ways.

On command: "On three assault ladders - a chain to the window of the 4th floor - march!" firemen # 1, 2, 3 are approaching the stairs. take them by the bowstrings and carry them to the training tower.

Lifting the hose line with a rescue rope is performed by two firefighters in one line

Carrying out the victim from the place of the fire requires great physical strength and endurance from the firefighter. Removal of the victim can be carried out by one or two firefighters.

Fire drill training is the main subject of training of the personnel of the teams in the techniques and methods of working with fire fighting equipment.

The main tasks of fire drill are as follows: Upbringing of high moral and volitional qualities, discipline and mutual assistance in personnel. Training in techniques and methods of action with fire fighting equipment and equipment Development of skills for coordinated work and skillful use of fire fighting equipment and equipment when rescuing people and extinguishing fires

Fire drill training ensures the conscious and skillful implementation of the most rational and effective methods of action with fire fighting equipment and equipment and is one of the most important types of combat training of fire brigade personnel.

Build a GDZS link in one line. Carry out a combat check of the PTS "Basis", turn on the gas masks.

Firefighter No. 1 takes the handrail with his right hand, makes a turn to the right, grabs the handle of the ladder fastening lever with his left hand, and releases the lock with his right blow from the bottom up.

It is advisable to teach the techniques of working with a combined ascent after studying the techniques of working with retractable and assault ladders.

Applied fire sport is a sport that includes complexes of various techniques used in the practice of extinguishing fires

Water intake by a tanker truck from open water sources is carried out using one or more hydraulic elevators according to various principles.

Rescuing people in a fire is the primary task of the fire guard. Rescue is often associated with a number of factors that impede rapid detection, evacuation and the provision of the first to medical care victims, namely:

In accidents and disasters, a significant proportion of those in distress are injured or killed. The main task of the rescue service is the release and evacuation of injured people from places of damage. Injured persons are evacuated from the place of injury to the point of reception of the wounded and are cared for until their final departure. Evacuation over longer distances and by means of transport means is the task of the sanitary service.

Manual laying is performed by the command "Hose line from rolls (indicate the direction and length of the line) - lay"

The purpose of the lesson: the formation and consolidation of professionally applied skills and abilities of working with PTV, devices, means and aggregates in the conditions of extinguishing fires and carrying out an ACR;

Installation of a column on a fire hydrant is performed during deployment or on the command: "Put the column on!" At this command, the firefighter opens the door of the vehicle body compartment, unfastens the column, puts it on his left forearm, and in right hand takes the hook to open the hydrant well cover and carries them to the hydrant.

Installation of branching connection of hoses and regulation of water supply to the hoses. Replacement of damaged hoses in an operating hose line and their temporary repair with hose clamps. Extension of the existing hose line. Working with active barrels while standing, kneeling, lying down, overlapping the barrel, maneuvering with sleeve lines

To connect fire hoses with each other, with fire nozzles and other equipment, fire connection heads are used

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Introduction

Bibliography

Introduction

Fire-fighting training of personnel is carried out throughout the year.

Fire drill training includes: organization and planning of the training process (drawing up a thematic plan, a schedule of classes, a list of standards to be worked out, a plan for conducting a training session); conducting training and instructor-methodological classes; monitoring of progress and assessment of knowledge, skills and abilities; increasing the pedagogical and professional competence of class leaders; control of the learning process.

Requirements of safety measures during training on PSP

All practical exercises on PSP must be carried out observing the rules on labor protection when conducting training with personnel.

Responsibility for observing safety measures during classes rests with the class leader. The main document defining the system of measures aimed at creating conditions that provide a system of measures aimed at creating conditions that ensure health safety and performance of the personnel of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia in the performance of official duties is the order of the EMERCOM of Russia No. 630 dated December 31, 2002 "On approval and implementation of the Rules for labor protection in the units of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia ”.

Safety issues are one of the most important parts of the training of trainees of any category. They should be considered in every session. The personnel must constantly study the requirements of the labor protection rules. In preparation for the next practical lesson, it is necessary to repeat the labor protection rules that relate directly to the exercises being worked out.

The study of labor protection rules is carried out during the period of initial training and combat subsequent training with passing tests. The GPS system provides for briefings on labor protection rules, such as:

primary in the workplace;

repeated;

unscheduled;

In order to prevent injuries during classes, the head of the classes is obliged to give instructions at the workplace before each class. Before starting classes, check the quality of preparation of workplaces and fire-technical equipment, equipment, their compliance with the requirements of labor protection rules. If it is necessary to carry out PTO tests, each trainee employee must come to classes in serviceable combat clothing and equipment. The lesson must be started with a high-quality warm-up, corresponding to the nature of the exercises being practiced. In the process of conducting a lesson, each student is obliged to comply with the requirements of the rules on labor protection and insurance, and the leader of the lesson is obliged to monitor and prevent violations of the requirements.

The number of accidents that occur to the employees of the State Border Service both during combat work and during training shows that injury prevention requires close daily attention, compliance by personnel with the requirements of labor protection rules is an indispensable condition for the successful conduct of training and the fulfillment of a combat mission.

1. General requirements security

Persons who have completed training and passed tests according to POTRO-01 -2002 are allowed to conduct classes in physical and fire-drill training.

The person conducting the lesson is obliged to know and observe the internal labor regulations, to comply with the work and rest regimes established by the administration.

It is not allowed to approach the equipment and PTV, except for persons directly involved with them and performing exercises.

When conducting fire drill and physical training classes, clothing must correspond to the type of training being conducted: combat clothing for PSP and sports uniform for physical training.

Store combat clothing, equipment and sports uniforms only in specially designated places.

In case of illness, even a minor injury, immediately stop the classes, personally or through a work friend, report the incident to the head of the classes and contact the first-aid post.

Report all discovered malfunctions of fire equipment, combat clothing, equipment and sports equipment to the head of the class.

Each employee should be able to provide first aid.

2. Safety requirements before starting classes

Before starting classes, check the condition of the classroom. When conducting practical exercises on sites, the leader of the lesson should instruct personnel on the security measures applicable to this site.

Check the marking of anti-aircraft weapons and sports equipment, the correspondence of inventory numbers, verify the acts and dates of testing of anti-aircraft weapons, combat clothing and equipment.

By inspection, check the serviceability of the fire-fighting equipment, combat clothing and equipment.

Determine the order of construction in the classroom, movement and distribution of those involved in places (types) of classes.

Out-of-shape, out-of-season, classes are not allowed.

Warm-up is required before training in PSP and physical training in order to avoid injury. In inclement, cold weather, it is necessary to increase the warm-up time.

It is necessary to make sure that it is safe to train on shells with a damp and wet track of the training tower.

The serviceability of the PTV is determined during maintenance, tests, as well as at each reception by the interceding guard and in preparation for training. It is prohibited to operate the PTV in a faulty condition.

Injury prevention during physical training is provided by:

Careful fitting of uniforms, sportswear and shoes, checking the health and safety of sports facilities, exercise areas, inventory and equipment;

Correct organization and methodology for all forms of physical training, maintaining high discipline in the process of classes and competitions;

Strict adherence to the rules for holding sports competitions;

Advance preparation and use of insurance and assistance in performing exercises (techniques) associated with risk and danger;

Taking into account the state of health and physical fitness of employees, especially those with deviations in the state of health or those who have suffered diseases;

Constant monitoring of outward signs fatigue of personnel;

Explanatory work among personnel on measures to prevent injuries;

Compliance with measures to exclude the possibility of frostbite, heat and sunstroke, other fainting conditions.

3. Safety requirements during training

When working with a retractable ladder, it is necessary: ​​to install it, as a rule, in those places where, in the event of a tilt or fall, it will not come into contact with the lines of electrical and radio networks. If this is not possible, it is necessary to allocate three people for the installation and cleaning of the retractable ladder, one of whom must remain to insure the rising and extended retractable ladder from falling until the end of the class.

When working with manual fire ladders in the classroom, it is necessary: ​​not to allow more than one person to rise and fall on one knee of a retractable ladder, as well as an assault and stick ladder; hold retractable ladder while climbing or lowering people, as well as when working on a ladder with a barrel or tool. During the period of the passage of special initial training by the personnel of the FPS units, their work on climbing the floors of the training tower using an assault ladder without the use of a belaying device is not allowed.

Before training in self-rescue belts, firefighters, as well as firefighting belt carbines (hereinafter referred to as carbines) are subject to thorough examination. A firefighter's belt is not allowed to be used in the classroom with: damage to the belt belt (tear, cut), malfunction (breakage, bending) of the buckle and buckle pins, violation of the integrity of the rivets and the absence of washers on them, a burst of rivets or blocks of material of the belt belt, the absence of a clamp for laying the end of the belt, the presence of cracks and dents on the surface of the blocks or the absence of at least one of them, the presence of ruptures in the leather lining of the belt. The carbine is not allowed to be used in the classroom if there is its deformation (the breech does not open or does not fully close), the spring does not ensure the closure of the carabiner lock, and there are also protrusions and roughness (irregularities) in the breech lock and in the place of the breechblock hinge.

The rescue rope is checked by the head of the guard - before each use in class. The rescue rope should not have local thickenings and high humidity, breaks of individual threads are allowed, but no more than 15 pieces per 200 mm of rope length.

Rescue and self-rescue can be started only after making sure that the length of the rescue rope ensures complete descent to the ground, the rescue loop is securely attached to the rescued person (in case of self-rescue - to the structure of the building), and the rescue rope is correctly wound around the firefighter's belt carabiner.

It is prohibited to use for rescue and self-rescue of wet or high moisture rescue ropes, as well as those that are not part of a combat crew.

When conducting a combat deployment, it is prohibited to:

Start carrying it out until the fire truck stops completely;

Use an open fire to illuminate fire hydrant wells;

Put on the strap of the fire nozzle attached to the hose line when lifting to a height and when working at a height;

To carry a mechanized and electrified tool in working condition, facing the working surfaces (cutting, piercing, etc.) in the direction of travel, and cross saws and hacksaws - without covers;

Supply water to unsecured sleeves until the owners reach their initial positions or rise to a height (vertical sleeve lines must be attached at the rate of at least one sleeve delay for each sleeve);

Water should be fed into the hose lines gradually, increasing the pressure in order to avoid the fall of the barrels and the rupture of the hoses.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

In the event that an employee gets injured, reveals a malfunction of the equipment, PTV, he is obliged to report this to his immediate superior.

A fire brigade officer must be able to provide first aid to victims. At the same time, he must determine the nature and severity of the damage and, if necessary, take urgent measures to restore breathing and cardiac activity, and combat bleeding.

First aid to victims is as follows:

For injuries:

In stopping bleeding, applying an antiseptic bandage. Before applying a bandage, the skin around the wound must be disinfected with alcohol or iodine tincture. Do not rinse the wound with water.

For burns:

Stop exposure high temperature on the victim. Substitute the damaged part of the body for 10-15 minutes. under running cold water, wrap with a cloth soaked in ice water. Remaining clothes, if dry and not smoldering, do not need to be removed. Do not tear off adhered clothes, but cut them around. Cover the burned surfaces with a bandage.

In case of electric shock:

Free the victim from the action of electric current, observing safety measures. After separating the victim from the wires, carefully examine him. If there are local manifestations of electrical injury - burns, treat them as for burns.

In case of poisoning by combustion products:

Take the victim out to Fresh air, unfasten clothes, if necessary, give artificial respiration.

In all cases, it is necessary to take urgent measures to deliver the victim to the nearest medical institution.

In the event of a fire, immediately turn off the electrical equipment, report the fire to the chief of the guard and start extinguishing the fire primary funds fire extinguishing.

5. Safety requirements upon completion of work

At the end of classes, it is necessary to put in order the place of its holding. Wash and bring in working condition fixed PTV and equipment, RPE, protective suits and personal equipment. The driver should refuel the equipment with fuels and lubricants and fire extinguishing agents, carry out its maintenance.

Clean up the room where the classes were held and carry out personal hygiene measures.

In the event that deficiencies were found in the process of performing the work, report them to your immediate superior.

Fire drill is the main subject of training the personnel of fire fighting units in techniques and methods of working with fire equipment. It is aimed at achieving a high professional level of training of personnel and the readiness (coherence) of squads, duty shifts and guards, the maximum development of physical, strong-willed and special qualities that ensure the successful performance of tasks in conditions of fire extinguishing actions.

The main tasks of fire drill are:

instilling high moral and volitional qualities in personnel, discipline and mutual assistance;

training in techniques and methods of action with fire fighting equipment and equipment;

development of skills for coordinated work and skillful use of fire fighting equipment and equipment in rescuing people and extinguishing fires.

Special applied exercises are the main means of fire drill. They represent various techniques and actions with fire equipment used to form and improve special skills and physical development personnel.

Bibliography

1. Terebnev V.V., Grachev V.A., Podgrushny A.V., Terebnev A.V. Fire drill training: Tutorial... - M .: Academy of GPS, Kalan-Fort, 2006, 332 p.

2. Manual on PSP. Yaroslavl. 1974 year

3. Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation No. 630 of December 31, 2002 "On the approval and implementation of the Rules for labor protection in the units of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia."

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