What costumes were in ancient Rus'. Costumes of Ancient Rus' XII - XV centuries. Red clothes and attractiveness

Why are people crying? There are many physiological and emotional reasons why people feel this need. And if everything is clear with emotions - joy and sadness, delight and pain, resentment, remorse or a sense of relief - then physiology should be touched more specifically, as well as compare female and male tears, children's crying, and find out the undoubted benefits of this phenomenon.

The ability to cry is a way of expressing your feelings, often a sign of a sensitive soul, so you should not be ashamed of your tears. But the inability to cry is an emotional disorder that requires treatment, and psychologists agree that such people are at risk of developing serious mental illness up to schizophrenia.

First of all, tears are given to us by wise nature for a reason, and are endowed with many medicinal properties. The production of tear fluid stimulates normal metabolic processes at the cellular level, resisting the formation of cancer.

Tear fluid has disinfectant properties due to the protein lysozyme, which successfully neutralizes bacteria and prevents the development of infections. Also, “pearls of the heart” work like a powerful pain reliever. Women ancient egypt, Persia and Slavic tribes followed the custom: they collected their tears in vessels, mixed with rose water and used the resulting liquid to treat wounded soldiers. One of the main functions of the lacrimal glands is the release of biologically active substances in response to a pain signal - they accelerate the healing of wounds and bruises.

Tears also contain psychotropic substances that reduce feelings of tension and anxiety. Therefore, tears in response to stress, anger, fear or overwork are a completely natural reaction. healthy person and not a sign of weakness.

With tears, toxins and harmful substances produced under stress (leucine-enkephalin and prolactin) are removed from the body, which act destructively on the body, and can only leave it with tears.

Tears also normalize blood pressure and keep the skin around the eyes young. According to psychologists, after crying, people usually experience a feeling of relief and a decrease in tension. This is especially true for those who received the sympathy of others in return. Those people who suffer from increased anxiety do not get pleasure from tears. In a word, the benefits of crying depend on how, where, when and by whom it happened.

How do the lacrimal glands work?

On average, during a lifetime, a person spends 4.2 million tears, that is, 70 liters of tears. About 1 ml of lacrimal fluid is secreted daily.

A tear drop is very complex: the mucus is covered with a layer of water, a layer of oily substance consisting of lipids and fatty acids. Another tear contains sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, calcium and manganese.

The upper eyelid, when blinking, distributes the tear over the surface of the eye, wetting the cornea on its way and washing away everything superfluous from it. Then the tear gets to the lacrimal lake (in the inner corner of the eye), and from there through the lacrimal canals - into the lacrimal sac. Then, through the lacrimal-nasal duct, the tear “migrates” into the nasal concha, in which the mucous membrane partially absorbs it, while the remnants evaporate.

In addition to protective functions, the tear also produces gas exchange between the cornea of ​​​​the eye and air, and improves vision due to filling the smallest defects the surface of the cornea and the formation of a thin film that does not become cloudy and does not allow excessive evaporation of moisture.

What is the difference between male and female tears?

Byron once thoughtfully said: “The tears of women touch, in men they are real molten lead; because for a woman, tears are a relief, but for us, they are torture. How true this statement is can only be judged in the context of generally accepted norms of behavior and physiology. It is believed that the ability to hold back tears, and emotions in general, is a sign of strength of character. This attitude must have been vital in ancient Sparta, where men were born almost exclusively for the sake of participating in wars. However, for a man living in Peaceful time in the family circle, such a principle will not bring anything good - the ban on the manifestation of emotions leads to serious problems in family life. Holding back and accumulating heavy negative emotions within oneself means to give " green light» the occurrence of ulcers, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, or even disorders of the nervous system, depressive states, some of which are looking for a way out of suicide (according to statistics, in all age categories of women, fewer women are involved in such emergencies). However, this does not mean that the expression "stingy male tear" is fundamentally wrong. In fact, men cry many times less often, and cry out an average of three milliliters of fluid (for women - five!) This is due to the presence of testosterone, which prevents the accumulation of tear fluid.

The fair sex is more teary because of the hormone prolactin, the level of which in the blood changes all the time, sometimes causing inexplicable mood swings. Perhaps this is what makes some of them admirers of television "soap operas" - sentimental series and melodramas compensate for their lack of violent emotions in everyday life.

But what about children? Oddly enough, people are not born with the ability to cry - at first, babies just scream. But babies begin to cry only after 5-12 weeks of age, not much ahead of the appearance of laughter in their arsenal. Babies cry on average for about six minutes, and they do it about 65 times a month.

The phenomenon of human tears is studied by a separate branch of science - lachrymology. To date, all tears are divided into two categories - emotional, caused by life events, watching movies, reading books - and reflex, arising in response to irritation (when cutting onions or bringing them to the eyes and nasal mucosa essential oils mint, menthol, etc.). These two groups differ in their composition: emotional tears contain more protein, which is why they are followed by a psychological release. In addition, tears of pain, despair and resentment are much more salty than reflex tears - scientists have calculated that their salinity is 9% of ocean water.

By the way, not only people can cry, but also some land animals. They have the necessary reflex tears to moisten and cleanse their eyes, since they, like humans, are subject to the same effects. environment. Underwater inhabitants do not need tears, fish do not even have eyelids - their eyes are always open. And the well-known “crocodile tears” are not really tears, but a secret secreted by the salivary glands.

And the last thing: crying trains the muscles of the face. A laughing person uses 17 facial muscles, while a crying person uses as many as 43! So it turns out that crying is a very useful pastime. However, it is still not worth abusing such an “antidepressant” - it can develop into psychological dependence.

The lacrimal organs are whole system, responsible for the production and outflow of tears (tear fluid), which plays a critical role in the functioning of the eye. Lacrimal organs can be divided into two groups: lacrimal and lacrimal.

What is a tear?

A tear is a special transparent brackish liquid with a slightly alkaline reaction, constantly washing the surface of the eyeball, produced by the lacrimal glands, one large and many additional small ones, and plays an important role in the normal functioning of the eye.

Composition of tears

AT chemical composition tear fluid includes: water (up to 98%), inorganic salts in the form of electrolytes (up to 2%), as well as a small amount of proteins, lipids, mucopolysaccharides and other organic components.

A normal tear in the form of a layered film covers the anterior surface of the cornea, ensuring its ideal smoothness and transparency. The composition of this precorneal tear film includes a superficial lipid layer in contact with air, an aqueous layer containing mucin, and a mucoid layer in contact with the corneal epithelium.

The superficial lipid layer consists of the secretion of the meibomian glands and protects the underlying aqueous layer from evaporation. The aqueous layer itself is directly formed from the secretion of the lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands. The mucoid layer acts as a link between the corneal epithelium and the aqueous layer.

Functions of a tear

The tear plays an important protective function. It constantly moisturizes the surface of the conjunctiva and, most importantly, the cornea, which improves its optical properties.

For the cornea, a tear also performs a trophic function, because. the dissolved salts, protein and lipid fractions in its composition nourish the cornea.

Tears contain special antibacterial substances (lysozyme), which provide its bactericidal properties. Protective function tears are also manifested in the mechanical removal of foreign substances that have fallen into the eyes. With the flow of tears, they are washed out from the surface of the eyeball.

Normally, up to 1 ml of tear fluid is secreted by additional lacrimal glands per day, which is quite enough for uniform distribution over the entire surface and moisturizing the eyeball. When foreign substances get into the eye, excessive irritation by light, wind or temperature, under certain emotional states, the main large lacrimal gland begins to function.

Lacrimal glands

In the lacrimal secretory organs, the lacrimal gland and additional small lacrimal glands located in the conjunctival fornix are isolated. The lacrimal gland is located under the upper eyelid, in the upper outer section. It is divided into the orbital upper and palpebral lower parts. These two parts of the gland are separated by the tendon of the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid.

The orbital part of the lacrimal gland is located in a special bone fossa in the upper outer wall of the orbit. In total, about 10 excretory ducts of the main lacrimal glands open in the upper conjunctival fornix.

The lacrimal gland is supplied with blood by the lacrimal artery, a branch of the ophthalmic artery. The outflow of blood is carried out through the lacrimal vein.

The main role in the regulation of tear fluid production belongs to the parasympathetic nerve fibers in the facial nerve. The lacrimal gland is also innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve and sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.

Accessory glands involved in the formation of tears include 3 groups of glands.

• Glands with a fatty secretion: Meibomian glands, located on the cartilaginous plate, and Zeiss glands, located in the region of the hair follicles of the eyelashes.
• Glands with a water secretion: Krause's glands in the conjunctiva of the cartilage, Wolfring's glands in the conjunctiva of the cartilage and on the edge of the cartilaginous plate; Moll's glands in the region of the hair follicles of the eyelashes.
• Glands with mucous secretion: goblet cells and granular glands located in the conjunctiva of the eyeball and cartilage; Crypts of Henle, located in the folds of the conjunctiva; Mantz glands located in the limbal conjunctiva.

Lacrimal organs

The outflow of tear fluid is provided by a complex system of anatomical formations.

The narrow streak of tears between the posterior surface of the eyelid rib and the eyeball is called a lacrimal stream. Lacrimal fluid further accumulates in the form of a lacrimal lake in inner corner the eyes, where the lacrimal openings are located, which you can easily see, are the upper and lower, respectively, to the eyelids.

These points open the entrance to the lacrimal ducts, which carry the tear, more often united, into the lacrimal sac, which continues down into the nasolacrimal canal. This channel opens with an opening already inside the nose.

Therefore, when certain medicines are instilled, their taste is sometimes felt: they enter the nose with a stream of tears, and then into the mouth.

The lacrimal ducts initially have a vertical course of about 2 mm in length, and then continue in a horizontal direction (8 mm). The main outflow of tears - 70% - occurs through the lower lacrimal canaliculus.

The lacrimal canaliculus opens into the lacrimal sac through the common tubule. At the point of entry of the common lacrimal canaliculus into the lacrimal sac, there is a mucous fold - the Rosenmuller valve, which prevents reverse flow, reflux, and tears from the sac.

The lacrimal sac, 5–10 mm long, is located outside the orbital cavity in the bony lacrimal fossa between the two anterior and posterior bony lacrimal crests. The outflow of tears from the lacrimal lake occurs according to the pumping mechanism: when blinking, under the action of a pressure gradient created by the orbicular muscle and the fascia of the lacrimal sac, the tear flows through the lacrimal tubules into the lacrimal sac, and then into the nasolacrimal canal.

The nasolacrimal duct opens in the lower nasal passage, while it is partially covered by a mucous fold - Hasner's valve. Obstruction in the path of the nasolacrimal duct can lead to distension and subsequent inflammation of the lacrimal sac.

Damage symptoms

Lesions of the lacrimal organs are varied.

A feeling of dryness, burning, a feeling of a foreign body, "sand" in the eye can occur with hypofunction of the lacrimal gland, when an insufficient amount of tears, so important and necessary for the eye, is produced. And lacrimation, on the contrary, can be observed in violation of the outflow of tear fluid. Moreover, the reason for the violation of the outflow of a tear can be at any level: from the inner edge of the lower eyelid and the patency of the lacrimal openings, to the state of the lacrimal canaliculi or the nasolacrimal canal.

Most often, with a chronic delay in the outflow of lacrimal fluid, the lacrimal sac becomes inflamed, with swelling and redness appearing at the inner edge of the eye. The lacrimal gland itself becomes inflamed more often with specific lesions of the glandular organs.

Diagnostics

External examination gives an idea of ​​the position and condition of the eyelids. Palpation of the lacrimal sac area can be painful when it is inflamed. When the upper eyelid is everted, the palpebral part of the lacrimal gland becomes accessible for external examination with a slit lamp. Further biomicroscopy of the eye allows assessing the condition of the lacrimal openings, the degree of moistening of the conjunctiva and cornea. A test with rose bengal (a special dye) will help identify non-viable epithelial cells that have arisen as a result of insufficient function of the lacrimal glands.

To assess the patency of the lacrimal ducts, the lacrimal ducts are washed, while normally sterile water introduced into the lacrimal punctum enters the nose and mouth. The test with fluorescein is also designed to assess the patency of the lacrimal system, while normally fluorescein, a special dye, dropped into the conjunctival sac, is released from the nasal cavity after a few seconds.

If you suspect a violation of the patency of the lacrimal ducts, an x-ray examination is performed with a special contrast agent, which will accurately show the level and degree of obstruction of the outflow organs of the tear (contrast dacryocystography).

To assess the rate of production of lacrimal fluid, a test is carried out with special strips that are placed behind the lower eyelid and the functional state of the lacrimal gland is determined by the rate of wetting with tears (Schirmer's test). At a wetting rate of less than 1 mm per minute, the secretion of the lacrimal glands is considered impaired.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause of the disease.

In case of violation of the production of lacrimal fluid with clarification and treatment of immediate causes, replacement therapy is most often prescribed in the form of regular instillations of preparations of lacrimal fluid analogues. For a longer presence of tears, the outflow tract, namely the lacrimal openings, can be specially clogged with certain “plugs”.

Tears moisturize the conjunctiva of the eye and neutralize microorganisms. Without tears, the conjunctiva and cornea would dry up and the person would become blind. The lacrimal glands produce about 100 ml of tears daily. With tears, chemicals are released from the body that are formed during nervous tension or emotional stress. The tear has a slightly alkaline reaction, mainly consists of water, which contains about 1.5% NaCl, 0.5% albumin and mucus. In addition, the tear contains lysozyme, which has a bactericidal effect.

The outer surface of the cornea is covered with a thin layer of tear fluid, which improves the optical properties of the eye surface. Lacrimal fluid in small quantities is constantly produced by the lacrimal glands. With the movements of the eyelids, it is evenly distributed over the cornea and conjunctiva. Part of the tear fluid evaporates, and the rest flows down the tear ducts into the nasal cavity. The tear fluid protects the cornea and conjunctiva from drying out and at the same time serves as a lubricant between the eyeball and the eyelids. If between the eyelids and the eye gets foreign body, then it irritates the mechanoreceptors of the cornea and the mechanoreceptors of the conjunctiva associated with the fibers of the trigeminal nerve, resulting in a reflex increase in the secretion of the lacrimal fluid, which helps to remove the foreign body.
Lacrimal fluid is a watery fluid that does not differ much in composition from blood plasma, except for a much higher concentration of potassium and chlorine and the absence of most organic matter. Tears contain many enzymes, the most important of which is lysozyme, which attacks bacteria by dissolving their cell walls. Lacrimal fluid moves along the surface of the cornea as a result of blinking movements and is drained in the nasal corner of the eye by a system that includes the lacrimal lake, tubules, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct leading to the nasal cavity. In addition, in humans, the release of tear fluid serves to express emotions.
Most of the reflexes that cause an increase in the secretion of tear fluid are triggered by receptors located in the eye area. These receptors transmit signals to the brainstem along the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. External stimuli can also cause an increase in the secretion of tear fluid, such as toothache, mechanical irritation of the nasal epithelium, etc. The secretion of lacrimal fluid is controlled by the vegetative nervous system. Parasympathetic ganglion cells, whose axons are involved in controlling the secretion of lacrimal fluid, lie in the pterygopalatine ganglion. The preganglionic axons approach this ganglion as part of the greater petrosal nerve. The bodies of these neurons are located in the brainstem in the region of the pons. The sympathetic innervation of the lacrimal glands is carried out by neurons located in the upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord. Signals from these neurons are transmitted to the lacrimal glands through neurons located in the superior cervical ganglion, as well as through the sympathetic nerve fibers running along the cerebral arteries.
Emotional tears are a symbolic expression of emotion, no more "meaningful" in terms of pure physiology than a smile, a frown, or a wink. Moreover, they can appear even when the reflex arc of physiological tears associated with corneal irritation is disturbed. Even the composition of emotional tears differs from physiological ones.
There is an opinion that emotional tears are present only in humans, although some may not agree with this.
Emotional tears appear only 1-3 months after birth.

Why does one person in a similar situation cry and another does not? Why is one laughing and the other not? Why is one calm and the other goes into hysterics? It all depends on the character, temperament and individual associations associated with a particular situation.

From a medical point of view, tears are the body's response to physical pain or stress. Scientifically speaking, this is a secretomotor phenomenon, characterized by the secretion of a liquid by the lacrimal glands that does not irritate the eyes.

Scientists have found that there is a neural connection between the lacrimal glands and areas of the human brain responsible for emotions.

Of course, lacrimation can be provoked not only by emotional, but also physiological reasons: It can be caused by an infection, a foreign body or a substance that has entered the eye. But the chemical composition of tears during emotional crying differs in that it contains, in addition to water and some minerals, a number of stress hormones that the body produces during a strong experience or prolonged mental stress.

There is a hypothesis according to which tears remove excess hormonal substances from the body, and therefore, after crying, a person experiences relief. Not all scientists, however, agree with her, believing that the composition of tears partially reflects the composition of the blood and has nothing to do with the discharge of excess.

Another well-known fact testifies against this hypothesis: people cry not only from sadness and severe emotional or physical pain, but also from joy. There are those who, as they say, “have their eyes always in a wet place”: any significant event or solemn event can move them to tears, whether it is a marriage, an idol performance at a rock concert, or the loss of their favorite football team.

Not "why", but "why"

Crying is stress relief. The lacrimal glands, releasing liquid, do not allow the eye vessels to inflate and cause swelling of the eyeball, there is also a strong respiratory pumping of the lungs, which allows saturating the organs with oxygen and somewhat weakening the sharpness of sensations.

But that's not all. For some, tears may flow as a result of an aesthetic experience, in a gallery in front of a painting by a great master, at the sound of beautiful poetic lines or music. Tears can cause a starry sky or a mountain landscape. This is what psychologist at the University of California Hospital, Ph.D. Steven Sideroff, calls "melting."

There is another function of crying - social. Numerous studies in different cultures show that crying helps us connect more closely with our families, loved ones, and friends. Tears are a signal of vulnerability and, wittingly or unwittingly, are strategically designed to emotionally bind the one who observes them.

Experts are unanimous that women cry more than men, however, non-experts are unlikely to argue with this. In our age of emancipation, this state of affairs is changing, but so far many men's tears are disapproved as a sign of weakness that a man does not suit.

Extroverts cry more often than introverts, it is easy for a woman with an anxiety disorder, as well as a person with highly developed empathy, to cry, - such conclusions were made by a group of psychologists led by Lauren Bylsma, a graduate student at the University of South Florida (Tampa).

Unfortunately, research on crying is increasingly telling us what we already know about it from experience, and rarely provide answers to really interesting questions.

For example, why do some people say that after crying they feel much better, others do not feel positive changes in their condition, and some even feel worse?

Lauren Bilsma and her colleagues interviewed 200 Dutch women and found that deterioration in emotional state after crying, those women who have high rates of depression or anxiety experience. But why exactly this happens, no one knows exactly.

Do animals cry?

It would seem that there is an answer to this question. Many articles by psychologists and physiologists state that man is the only species, whose crying is an emotional reaction, while animals shed tears only when their eyes are irritated. However, there is ample evidence that casts doubt on this being true. Elephants are especially common in stories about weeping animals.

Even Charles Darwin, in his book The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, retold the testimony of a London Zoo keeper who watched Indian elephants shed tears in grief. And in 2013, many of the world's media posted a photo of a crying baby elephant, born in the Chinese Zoo and rejected by his mother. The kid shed tears for 5 hours in a row, according to the caretaker, who later “adopted” him.

They talk about dogs shedding tears of longing for their owner, about baby macaques crying in separation from their mother, but so far there is no final answer to the question of whether these tears are a coincidence.

If crying with lacrimation is inherent exclusively in humans, then another question arises, to which there is also no exact answer: when and how did such an emotional reaction form in us?

Psychologist Paul McLean puts forward the following hypothesis. The vocal part of the crying was formed as a “signal of parting”, which was necessary in order for parents and children to reunite. But tears, according to his assumption, arose when a connection appeared between the structures of the human brain and fire. In the early stages of its history, man was heavily dependent on fire, and his eyes often watered under the influence of smoke. Perhaps, McLean suggests, smoke subsequently became associated with the loss of life, and therefore with grief. The hypothesis does not seem to be coherent, but no one explains exactly how such a reaction actually formed in a person with a sufficient degree of certainty.

There is an assumption that tears, as a visible alarm signal, appeared at a stage when it was important for a person that another person read this signal and come to the rescue, but a predatory beast could not understand that his opponent was vulnerable, that is, crying with lacrimation allegedly developed as a kind of internal public signaling system.

One way or another, but today tears perform a signaling function quite successfully.

Biologist Oren Hansen of Tel Aviv University, who is also a family therapist, believes that in emotional relationships between people, tears should not be considered something indecent: “Too often people who cry are called stupid or weak,” he says, “then how in reality the tears are just related to their feelings. They generally want sympathy and hugs."

Should we suppress tears?

Psychologist S. Sideroff believes that this bad habit, which leads to the fact that by suppressing the inner need to respond to an emotion, a person begins to ignore his own feelings, and this is the path to depression. Sadness and pain must be acknowledged, they do not need to be ashamed. Denying ourselves crying, we transfer emotional pain to the somatic level.

The British psychiatrist Henry Maudsley said it well: "Grief, which has no outlet in tears, makes the internal organs sob."

A newborn baby first learns to cry and then to laugh. The first true full tears appear at the age of six to eight weeks. And laughter appears by about three to four months.

The whole system of the body - the lacrimal - works on the creation of tears, on their appearance and expiration. She is responsible for the formation of tear fluid in the relevant organs, then ensures that the outflow of this fluid occurs. These two functions are performed by different groups of the lacrimal system: lacrimal and lacrimal. The lacrimal system is an integral part of the work of the eye. Violations in its work affect the functioning of the eyes in the most unfavorable way.

Composition of tears

Tears are a clear, slightly alkaline liquid with a slightly salty taste. Tears are constantly produced by the lacrimal glands (one large and many small) to wash the eyeball.

A tear is 98 percent water. The remaining two percent are inorganic salts (which give the tear a salty taste), a small amount of proteins, mucopolysaccharides and other organic substances.

When a tear is on the eyeball, it is a layered film that completely covers the cornea of ​​​​the eye with an even, transparent coating. The top layer of the film contains, in addition to water, lipids, the middle layer contains mucin, and the layer that is in direct contact with the eyeball contains mucopolysaccharides.

Functions of a tear

A tear has several important functions: physiological, social, psychological. This product of several endocrine glands allows you to maintain both physical and mental health of a person.

Physiologically, tears nourish and protect the cornea of ​​the eye. Tears contain lysozyme, which has bactericidal properties, which provides antibacterial protection to the eyeball. A tear contributes to the mechanical cleansing of the surface of the eyeball, including from foreign bodies that have fallen on it.

A tear moisturizes the eyeball, prevents it from drying out and helps maintain optical properties. According to the same principle as a natural tear, eye drops work, which are recommended by ophthalmologists to everyone who sits at a computer for a long time. When working at a computer, on average, a person blinks less often than in other situations, because of this, the surface of the eye dries out. This leads not only to redness and discomfort, but also to a gradual loss of vision.

In a normal state, during the day, the small lacrimal glands produce about 1 ml of tears. However, under certain conditions, a large lacrimal gland begins to work, which produces much more tear fluid. What are the conditions? Psycho-emotional state, requiring to cry, a mote in the eye, a sharp irritating light, or strong wind literally brings tears to my eyes.

Under stress high level excitability tears are a compensator for emotions. With the help of tears, the excitation in the cerebral cortex caused by a strong emotion is compensated. Thus, the tear plays the role of a protector of the psyche. If a person feels the need to cry, then he needs it - this is how the brain reports a high level of excitability, which urgently needs to be leveled. Tears are actually telling you that your body needs to release emotions to relieve tension. And to preserve your mental health, it is better to hear these signals.

From a biochemical point of view, tears can reduce the level of the stress hormone. This, in fact, is the reason that after we cry, we feel relief. In addition, tears remove toxins.

Tears can relieve pain. Very often, people suffering from severe pain syndrome note that after crying out, it became easier. Tears produce certain biologically active substances aimed at reducing pain and promoting wound healing.

Tears carry and social function, and this function takes various forms. For example, tears can act as a weapon of manipulation. A well-known technique for all women is to burst into tears in order to achieve any personal goals: in front of the husband, so that he buys a fur coat, in front of the boss, so that there are no punishments for misconduct, absenteeism, for example.

Tears sometimes serve as a way to attract attention to yourself. This method of manipulation is owned not only by women, but also by men. A crybaby woman is likely to be treated less close attention like a man, even with a very mean tear.

Tears are also a means of communication. With the help of tears, you can express different feelings: sadness, joy, sorrow, grief, happiness, delight. Tears show that a person sympathizes, empathizes with another person. Such communication signals are understandable and very emotional.

Who cries more

most common cause tears is grief, in second place is its antipode - happiness. Strong emotions cause tears. And it is women, first of all, who react to them with tears.

The ability to shed a tear easily is obviously related to psychological type. Emotional people, with an easily excitable type of nervous activity, express their emotions through tears more easily and more often. However, not everything is so clear.

There are excitable people who try to hide their emotions, control, including tears. It is more often men. And it is not the body that forces them to hold back their tears, but public opinion, which considers crying and tears not a male occupation. By the way, from the point of view of physiology, the lacrimal system works the same way in both men and women.

After suffering psychological trauma, people cry more often. Apparently, this is due to the fact that a person mentally returns to a stressful situation, scrolls through all aspects of his problem, and re-experiences negative emotions. This provokes tears.

Sometimes this method of psychotherapy is advised by psychologists - "a wedge is knocked out with a wedge." If you often scroll through an unpleasant situation - the cause of a nervous shock, evoke strong emotions that provoke crying, then over time the body will stop responding to these memories. A person will come to terms with the situation, and will begin to think rationally, will return to a healthy psycho-emotional state.

The benefits and harms of tears

There are whole theories that prove the harm or benefit of tears and crying for health. As usual, the truth is somewhere in the middle: tears have both positive and negative impact on health.

American scientists have conducted large-scale studies on crying and tears. They tested over 3,000 people. Volunteers, answering specific test questions, described their feelings during and after crying. The result was the conclusion that tears and crying affect different people in different ways, that there is no single rule for the effect of tears on the body, that in crying everything is individual.

About a third of all subjects reported that after they cried, they experienced relief. Every tenth reported that tears did not bring relief, moreover, crying worsened the condition.

There is some evidence that people who cry often are less likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease. From the point of view of psychology, crying improves lung ventilation and, accordingly, improves oxygen saturation of all organs and systems. In addition, crying causes relaxation and slowing of breathing, which has a positive effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

This is probably one of the reasons why women, on average, live five to six years longer than men. Women are said to cry five times more than men in their lifetime.

Berestova Svetlana

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