Insulation of a frame house. How to insulate the walls of a frame house from the inside with your own hands? Insulation scheme for a frame house

In this article we will look in detail at how insulation is performed. frame house with your own hands. Let's consider which insulation is better to use for a frame house, what thickness of insulation is needed in a frame house, and in general how to properly insulate frame house. In addition, we will tell you how to cover the walls of a frame house, both internal and external.

Insulating the walls of a frame house

Insulation for walls of a frame house

Insulation of the walls of a frame house is usually carried out between the frame posts. In this part, we will look at what options exist for effective insulation for the walls of a frame house and how insulation is carried out. Let's consider the following insulation:

• Mineral wool, density 30-50 kg/m3;
• Fiberglass wool, density 17-20 kg/m3;
• Foam plastic, density 25 kg/m 3 ;
• EPPS, density 20-35 kg/m3.

Note: We do not consider sawdust, expanded clay, slag, flax tow, straw, etc. as insulation. The use of these materials, as a rule, requires the construction of walls of greater thickness (compared to effective insulation materials listed above). Therefore, each case of using such materials must be considered and calculated separately, and they will not be considered within the framework of this article.

Of the listed insulation materials, we recommend using mineral wool of the specified density, since with other almost equal characteristics, mineral wool is non-flammable, dampens sound well and is easy to use (compared to foam plastic and EPS). And in comparison with fiberglass wool, mineral wool behaves better in vertical structures(does not settle or wrinkle if it is of the required density).

Note: The fact that we recommend mineral wool for use does not mean that we do not recommend other insulation materials. Our recommendation is rather a response to frequently asked question readers “which insulation is best to use for the wall of a frame house.”

Important points:

• The wool (either mineral or fiberglass) must be slab, not roll.
• The thickness of the insulation in each specific house is determined by calculation. We do this calculation, ask a question and we will calculate. According to experience, this thickness lies within 100-250 mm, depending on climate zone.
• It is better to lay the insulation in layers of 50 mm, with overlapping seams. This will eliminate cold bridges. Layers of 50 mm, because wool (both mineral and fiberglass) has positions of 50 and 100 mm, intermediate positions are most often not available for free sale.

Technology for insulating walls of a frame house

Insulation of the walls of a frame house is carried out between the frame posts. Mineral wool and fiberglass wool are placed in the spacer between the posts. Polystyrene foam and EPS are cut to size between the posts and foamed.

Where the jibs are located, the insulation is cut and inserted into the space between the jibs and the stand. If the jib is of a smaller cross-section than the stand, then one layer of insulation (50 mm) can be placed on top of the jib from the outside.

House frame insulation scheme

External wall cladding of a frame house

In this part we will look at how external rough wall cladding is performed.

Note: Judging by the questions on the site, readers are often interested in whether it is possible not to do rough sheathing and fasten finishing material(such as siding) directly onto the frame studs. Let's look at this moment. The presence of the skin, together with the upper and lower slopes of the frame, forms the spatial rigidity of the frame (for more details, see section). And we recommend how required element, and sheathing, and slopes at the top and bottom. Without bevels, even with sheathing, the frame can have mobility. And vice versa, with bevels, but without sheathing, there is also mobility.

Options for rough sheathing materials (the most common):

• Board.

Note: For all these materials you will need to perform finishing. This could be siding; this option is described in the article. You can plaster the walls. Under the plaster layers it is better to place a layer of foam plastic (density 25 kg/m3), 30 mm, or EPS (density 20-35 kg/m3), 30 mm. You can apply plaster layers over a mesh, without insulation (described in the thread), but there is a greater risk of cracks in the plaster. The technology of insulation using a layer of insulation is described in the article.

Note: Sometimes there are recommendations to leave the board cladding as a finishing touch. In order to do this, the board will need to be processed. In addition, in this case, it is necessary to arrange the wind and waterproofing of the wall under the board in a certain way.

Important! We do not recommend covering the frame with boards without first roughing the OSB. That is, if a board is used as a final finish, then it is mounted on top of the OSB. Let me explain what our opinion is based on. If you nail the board directly to the frame posts, without OSB, then, as a rule, the board will unscrew and will be unscrewed at least 2 times a year (spring and autumn). But we need to give the frame spatial rigidity, and not vice versa - subject it to additional loads from the unpredictable behavior of the skin. Therefore, we recommend cladding with OSB boards only.

In this part we describe in detail OSB sheathing(since this is the most universal and frequently used option). Besides OSB boards In comparison with the listed options, they are more moisture resistant. The sheet area of ​​OSB is larger, which allows you to make fewer joints.

For cladding we use OSB thickness 10-12 mm.

Fastening OSB to racks, top and bottom trim, fastening pitch

OSB is attached to the racks as shown in the figure (joint in the middle of the rack).

Attaching OSB to the frame post

The OSB sheet should completely cover the bottom trim. There are two options for the top trim, depending on whether the house has one floor or two:

• If one floor, then top harness overlaps completely, and the edge of the OSB is flush with the edge of the trim.
• If there are two floors, then it is better to position the sheet so that it extends onto both the racks of the second floor and the racks of the first, and the top trim overlaps approximately the middle of the sheet. This is not necessary, but adds additional rigidity to the structure.

Attaching OSB to the harness

Attaching OSB to the frame (if there are 2 floors)

Where OSB is attached to the window opening, it is better to “cover” the entire window opening OSB sheet so that the joints fall outside the opening posts, onto adjacent posts .

Fastening OSB to a window opening

In this case, the window opening is cut out in the OSB board.

To make it easier to join the slabs, you can make additional vertical or horizontal jumpers in the frame. As a rule, they are made of the same cross-section as the racks.

OSB is attached to the vertical posts of the frame either with spiral nails or self-tapping screws with a diameter of 4.5 mm and a length of 50 mm. It is better to fasten with self-tapping screws; you can combine self-tapping screws and nails.

OSB boards are attached:

• In intermediate sections - in increments of 30 cm.
• At the joints of the plates - in increments of 15 cm.
• Along the outer edges - in increments of 10 cm.
• To ensure that the OSB board does not crack from the fasteners, a distance of 8-10 mm should be left from the edge of the board to the fasteners.
• A gap of 3-5 mm must be left between the plates, otherwise the joint of the plates may warp.
• When fastening, a self-tapping screw or nail should fit 40-50 mm into the rack.

OSB joint with and without gap

Depth of screwing into the rack

Wind protection and waterproofing of frame house walls

The function of wind protection and waterproofing of the (outer) walls of a frame house is performed by a superdiffusion membrane with a vapor permeability of 800 g/m2 per day and above.

Note: There are recommendations that the use of a membrane is not necessary; waterproofing films or polyethylene can be used instead. We are categorically against the use of films, polyethylene or glassine as windproofing and waterproofing in this structure. Films have very low vapor permeability (up to 40 g/m2 per day) compared to membranes. This means that the film simply cannot cope with removing moisture from the insulation. And this is necessary, since insulation - (see article) , and this is its normal location in this design. And moisture should be able to erode. A membrane with the specified vapor permeability copes with this.

The location of the superdiffusion membrane in the wall structure depends on the type of rough lining and finishing:

1. The membrane is nailed to the frame posts, close to the insulation, Figure 9. Then the lathing (wooden slats 20x50 mm, 30x50 mm) creates a gap. Then lining (OSB, DSP, SML, board).

Frame wall construction

This scheme is used:

• when plastering over lining (with or without insulation);
• in the case where boarding becomes a final finish;
• when facing with siding over OSB, SML, DSP, boards.

2. Rough lining (OSB, SML, DSP, board) is nailed to the frame posts. A membrane is nailed on top of it, tightly, without a gap. On top, along the sheathing (due to the gap), the siding is attached. This scheme is applicable when facing material (such as siding) is attached to the rough lining.

Frame wall construction

The membrane is secured with a construction stapler. Membrane joints are made with an overlap of 10-15 cm.

Vapor barrier of frame house walls

Vapor barrier of the walls of a frame house is carried out with a vapor barrier film. The film is attached from the inside of the room to the frame posts, close to the insulation, using a construction stapler. The joints are made with an overlap of 10-15 cm.

Sealing the vapor barrier joint

Important points:

• When using polystyrene foam or EPS as insulation, a vapor barrier is also needed. Although these insulation materials do not absorb moisture, in addition to them there are wooden elements frame, which must be protected from vapors coming from inside the room.
• All joints and junctions of the vapor barrier must be taped with tape, as shown in the figure. In this case, it is important to use not ordinary construction tape, but a special double-sided adhesive tape for vapor barrier.
• Vapor barrier can be done with foil foamed polyethylene. It is important to take into account that the use of this material does not in any way affect the thickness of the main thermal insulation of the wall.

Internal wall lining of a frame house

For internal lining of the walls of the house, you can use plasterboard or OSB. In our opinion, better than OSB. I'll explain why. If you attach plasterboard to the frame studs from the inside, then the studs, as a rule, are not perfectly level, and the plasterboard (it is softer than OSB) takes on these irregularities. Then the drywall will need more leveling layers. And OSB boards are stiffer and smooth out unevenness, making it less necessary to level.

Note: Often internal stitching is performed MDF panels. If these are not laminated panels, they must be used with caution, as they are susceptible to moisture. It is not recommended to use them in the kitchen, bathroom, or toilet.

Finishing can be done on OSB or drywall. Materials such as lining must also be mounted on OSB lining, directly to the racks without lining - not recommended.

What do we expect first of all from a frame house? Safety, comfort and, above all, warmth. It is the thermal characteristics that have confidently brought frame houses to the top of the most popular buildings, and have kept them there for several years. However, there are times when the house needs to be additionally insulated from the inside, and you can do it yourself.

In what cases is it necessary

Not every house is subject to internal insulation, since already during the construction of the wall frame construction insulation is placed inside. It could be anyone modern insulation, which is certified and has all the documents. Do not buy Chinese material, especially if it is significantly cheaper. Its quality and safety leave much to be desired, and the glue that may be included in the composition is completely dangerous.

However, sometimes a house needs insulation.

1. Insulation of old houses. If your house has stood for 10-15 years, then the insulation that is in the walls may lose quality. Especially if operating conditions frame building were complex - perhaps moisture sometimes penetrated the wall, or the integrity of the protective materials - waterproofing and vapor barrier - was damaged. In this case, the house is insulated from the inside using mineral wool. You can also use polystyrene foam, but there must be high requirements for it so that there is no technical smell in the room for a long time.
2. Home insulation for winter accommodation. If you had country house, in which you lived only in the summer season, with the help of insulation you can make the house suitable for living in cold weather, but you will also have to think about heating. However, if there is light in the house, then this ceases to be a problem. In addition, you can fold the stove or use gas heaters.
3. If you initially made a mistake and chose insulation with the wrong density or thickness for your climate zone, the result is a house that does not retain heat well.
4. If mold appears on your walls, it means that the walls need insulation, since condensation appears on the walls due to freezing, cold bridges or dew point.

Thus, there are several reasons to insulate a house, and we will look at how to do this below.

How does the insulation installation process work?

So, before you start insulating a frame house, you should carry out a series of preparatory work. First of all, you should remove the interior trim, peel off the wallpaper or siding. The surface must be smooth and clean. If mold stains are noticeable on the walls, they are removed and coated with an antifungal solution. Otherwise, insulation will only cause harm.

Next, you should choose the material with which the house will be insulated. This is usually mineral wool or polystyrene foam. For internal insulation of a house, polystyrene foam can be chosen thinner; it should not be too soft; medium-density polystyrene foam is suitable. For floor insulation - more dense.

If you have chosen mineral wool for insulating a frame house, then please note that it is sold in the form of mats or rolls.

So, step-by-step instruction DIY work with polystyrene foam:

1. Treating the wall of the house with an antifungal agent to protect the house from fungus. To do this, we use a container for liquid and a roller. We work the entire wall, allowing the product to absorb. Very often these products have a pungent odor and are poisonous, so applying them to the wall should be done with ventilation so that there is access fresh air. Hands must be protected with gloves. You should also be careful not to get the product into your eyes. Insulation without treatment cannot be of high quality.
2. If you are insulating with polystyrene foam, attach the insulation from the corner so that you can trim off the excess later. For fixation we use foam and fungal plugs. There are 5 fungi per sheet - 1 at the corners and one in the center. We first fix the foam plastic to the wall of the frame building with a fungus in the middle, and then install plugs in the corners.
3. After the first level, we also lay the second level of foam with our own hands.
4. To make the foam more durable, we apply expanded clay and tile adhesive on top of it. After hardening, it makes the wall almost concrete. To apply, use a large spatula. Spread the glue evenly over the wall in a thin layer and let it dry.
5. When the wall is dry, we need to clean it. To do this, take sandpaper and a holder. It is better to carry out the work wearing a mask, as the work is very dusty. Fine dust from glue is quite harmful, and it is undesirable to breathe it.
6. The next stage: working with a primer and a roller. After everything has been cleaned with sandpaper, it is necessary to prime the wall. After this, the wall is ready with plaster.

Thus, the wall is insulated from the inside, and all the work was done by hand. In a similar way you can insulate wooden house mineral wool, for example basalt. It is quite dense and can be cut well with a knife.

However, foam plastic still has some disadvantages when insulating a frame building from the inside.

Polystyrene foam does not breathe and helps prevent the outflow of steam. But mineral wool is considered a breathable material, so it is better to use it indoors.

Risks and consequences

Insulating a frame house from the inside also has its opponents. In fact, there is an opinion that it is better not to insulate a house from the inside with your own hands, and if you decide to take such a step, then you need to use only breathable materials. Why did this opinion arise?

In order to answer this question, you need to learn more about the structure of the frame wall. It consists of the following layers: vapor barrier membrane, insulation, waterproofing film and slabs on both sides.

The biggest evil for a frame wall is moisture, which, when it gets inside, settles as condensation on the insulation, rendering it unusable, and also causes wood rot, mold and the spread of fungus.

Where does moisture get inside the wall? It is generally accepted that from the street if the waterproofing is done incorrectly. After all, there is snow, rain, and fog outside. However, experience and practice suggest that moisture gets inside the wall most often from inside the house, so in order for vapor and moisture to freely exit the wall, it is necessary to use breathable materials. Polystyrene foam is not one of these materials, but mineral wool is.

Therefore, polystyrene foam can bring great harm, if you insulate a house with it from the inside, and it will be of great benefit if you use it outside. It’s better to insulate the house from the inside

Understanding how to insulate a frame house for winter living will allow you to use it all year round. Sound insulation in the house, comfort and durability depend on how correctly the technologies are followed.

Insulation options

Before carrying out work, it is necessary to determine whether the thermal insulation will be inside or outside the building. To do this, you should know the features of each option.

External insulation:

1. Does not disturb the interior of the house.
2. Located inside the room wooden wall can save heating as it accumulates heat.
3. Insulation protects the building façade from adverse influences environment(moisture, high or low temperatures And so on).

Internal insulation:

1. Has good sound insulation.
2. There are no strict requirements.
3. No vapor barrier or waterproofing materials are required.

However this method has a number of disadvantages, for example:

• dismantling the interior decoration of the room where thermal insulation will be installed;
• accumulation of moisture in the room, which shortens the service life of the building;
• indoor insulation does not protect the building façade from negative impact external factors.

Features of insulation

The preparatory stage of insulating a building for winter and summer does not differ depending on the chosen material. The difference concerns only the installation process. Each of the materials used has its own characteristics.

Use of foam and EPS

Foam plastic is considered the most warm material, but he doesn't the best option for insulation wooden buildings.

Features of using these materials:

1. Before laying foam plastic using polyurethane foam, it is necessary to remove all cracks and irregularities, since this material does not fit tightly.
2. Expanded polystyrene should not be located near combustion sources, as the material is flammable.
3. Foam plastic does not allow air to pass through, so care must be taken to ventilate the room, otherwise the walls in the room may become moldy.
4. Expanded polystyrene must be used together with waterproofing and vapor barrier, as it does not allow moisture to pass through.

Use of ecowool

This material has not been used for very long, however, it can be used in the process of insulating frame and other types of buildings. The main features of this material are as follows:

1. Laying this material can be done either with or without a special tool. Using the tool greatly improves thermal insulation characteristics premises.
2. Ecowool absorbs moisture well, so the installation of waterproofing and vapor barriers should be treated with greater responsibility.
3. Ecowool shrinks, so it should be applied in excess.
4. When applying it, you should use personal protective equipment.

Important! Insulation of walls with ecowool should be carried out by qualified specialists.

Use of expanded clay

Expanded clay is used much less frequently, as it has worse characteristics compared to similar materials. Its main features:

1. Most often used for floors, as well as interfloor ceilings.
2. It is mainly combined with sawdust, ash and similar materials.
3. It is better to use expanded clay in small fractions, so there will be fewer empty spaces.

Using expanded clay for insulation frame houses

How to choose insulation

Before you start construction works, you need to decide how best to insulate a frame house. Insulation for residential premises must have the following characteristics:

1. Environmentally friendly - should not emit substances harmful to human life and health.
2. Fire safety - the material used should not allow fire to spread, nor should it emit a lot of smoke.
3. Low thermal conductivity.
4. Strength - the insulation should fit tightly and easily and not change shape over time.
5. Inexpensive.

Important! These characteristics are more suitable for polystyrene foam and.

To choose the right material for insulation, you should know what pros and cons each has.

Expanded polystyrene

It is light in weight, which is very important in insulating a frame house. This material tolerates temperature changes well, and is also not afraid of moisture and does not freeze. That is why buildings using it are durable and low cost.

Among the disadvantages are:

• flammable - highly flammable;
• susceptible to mechanical and chemical damage;
• does not allow air to pass through, which is why the humidity in the room is constantly increased.

Often foam plastic is installed with outside Houses.

This material can be replaced with a similar one, namely penoplex, which is more resistant to various damages, but has a high cost.

Mineral wool

The most popular material in construction, which can be in the form of rolls, mats and slabs. Mineral wool has high performance in environmental friendliness, lightness, thermal insulation and sound insulation. Buildings using it are characterized by a long service life.

Important! Cotton wool in the form of slabs (basalt) does not burn.

When insulating, it is important to pay attention Special attention waterproofing, since over time the wool sags and cakes; moreover, when wet, it loses its properties and becomes an excellent environment for the formation of mold.

How is insulation done?

In order to ultimately get a warm frame house, its walls must be insulated from the inside and outside. The work process is almost the same, with a few exceptions.

Insulation from outside

For the outside, it is best to choose the cross method.

The insulation is always laid with the seams staggered to avoid the appearance of blown cracks.

• The frame of the building is covered with OSB boards, which should have gaps of 2-3 mm. Subsequently, they need to be foamed.

• Next, waterproofing is stretched, which protects both the walls of the house and the insulation from moisture and other adverse environmental influences. Usually the waterproofing has self-adhesive strips, if there are none, the knocks between them should be sealed with tape.

• Each layer of insulation should be laid in such a way as to overlap the previous one by 15-20 cm.
• The thickness of the insulation is approximately 15 cm.
• After laying the insulation, all voids are filled polyurethane foam.

Insulation of walls inside the house

After the frame house is completely insulated for winter living, you can begin interior decoration. For this:

1. The first layer of thermal insulation is laid, the thickness of which is 5 cm.
2. Then the insulation is laid in the frame house, the thickness of which is 10 cm. The entire frame between the posts is filled with it.
3. Then a vapor barrier is attached, which prevents steam from entering the insulation. They are laid with the rough side outward and the smooth side facing the thermal insulation.
4. The bars are installed on top of it.

Important! The insulation cannot be pushed in by force or compacted, since the heat in the room depends on the voids inside it.

Insulation is also installed in the partitions between rooms. For the most part, it is required for sound insulation. To do this, slabs are installed with a layer of 10 mm. There is no need for vapor barrier here, since the temperature in the separated rooms will be the same.

Instead of vapor barrier, glassine is used here. It prevents dust from the insulation from entering the room.

Don’t forget about insulating corners in a frame house. This can be done different ways. So, warm corner can be done by constructing a structure of two boards, with special stands made of blocks, and insulating the space between such structures with mineral wool.

Ceiling insulation

It is better to carry out the work before the roof is completely assembled, so it will not interfere with the density of the installation.

The entire insulation process consists of the following stages:

• Inside the house, on the ceiling beams, a vapor barrier is stretched, and a 25 mm thick board is placed on it.

• Insulation is laid on top, between which there should be no voids, tightly covering each layer.

Important! When laying insulation on the ceiling, you should make a small protrusion on the walls.

• If insulation is not required in the attic, then membrane film should not be pulled. A board or plywood is nailed to the attic floor.
• If it is not possible to insulate the ceiling from the outside, then this is done inside, and it should be tied up so that it does not fall off. After this, sew on waterproofing, and then on board or plywood.

Roof insulation

Often, both the roof and the ceiling in a frame house are insulated. This happens in cases where attic space used as a second floor for living and heated.

The work process is practically no different from insulating the ceiling. The only exception is that when insulating the roof, waterproofing must be stretched over the material, which will protect it from environmental influences.

Features of roof insulation:

1. It is better to insulate from the outside, since doing it inside is inconvenient and unsafe. Many materials tend to crumble on the face.
2. Once installed rafter system, a vapor barrier is sewn underneath, onto which sheathing material, board or plywood is stuffed.
3. Sheets of insulation are placed outside. This is done in the same way as when insulating walls, ceilings, etc.
4. Waterproofing is placed on top, on which the counter-lattice, sheathing and roofing are installed.

Insulation of the roof inside is carried out only if it is completely assembled.

Floor insulation

Floor insulation should begin with preparatory work. This should be done before installing the frame of the house.

If the land where the building is located is clay with high level water, then a water drainage system should be installed.

After this, inside the foundation, soil is removed 40-50 cm and installed drainage system. Afterwards it is covered with a sand and gravel cushion. After this, you can install the frame.

If this step is skipped, you can use expanded clay. To do this, the surface is first leveled, and then the above material is poured. It is desirable that it contains fractions from 10-40 mm. After this, you can arrange the floor.

How to choose a filler

The most the best insulation for the floor, mineral wool, polyester, steel shavings, etc. are considered. They are easy to install, use, environmentally friendly and fireproof. However, they have increased requirements for vapor barrier and waterproofing.

You can also use materials such as:

1. Polystyrene is lightweight, resistant to adverse influences and has a long service life. It can be regular (less durable, fireproof) and extruded - it has low thermal conductivity and moisture absorption.

Installing this type of insulation is simple: the sheets are placed end to end, and an edge strip is installed along the entire perimeter of the floor.

1. Expanded clay and slag - has low thermal conductivity and is light in weight.
2. is an insulating foil that is rarely used as an independent insulation material.
3. Edge tape - This is used to edge the entire perimeter of the house before the insulation is installed.

Floor insulation in stages

Floor insulation in a frame house is carried out between the profiles. That is why it is better to choose a dry screed; it is easier to work with.

The process of insulation on the ground:

1. Sand and crushed stone must be compacted well, then installed brick pillars. This will be the basis for the profiles.
2. Laying waterproofing. This could be bitumen paper or polyethylene film. Its height depends on the floor level; it is worth considering that the waterproofing should protrude slightly onto the walls.
3. It is necessary to leave a small gap at the junction of the floor and walls; edge insulation will be placed in it.

The most simple technology Floor insulation is made from bulk materials. This insulation is applied perpendicular to the joists along the entire perimeter of the room, while pressing tightly.

Floor insulation using slabs

The base of the floor does not play any role in the technology of laying insulation, however, this should be taken into account when choosing a material for these purposes. So, if there are logs on the base of the floor, then a mineral wool slab is best suited as insulation, and hard materials for a concrete floor. In any case, the process of laying thermal insulation is as follows:

1. After laying the logs, bars are filled from both sides to the bottom and the flooring is assembled from antiseptic tongue-and-groove boards.
2. Glassine is spread on top of this - this is roofing cardboard impregnated with bitumen.
3. Insulation is placed on top.
4. After this, a vapor barrier film is placed, which protects the insulation from condensation.

What work is carried out after insulating the house?

After the thermal insulation is installed, it is the turn to equip the supporting system for the ventilated cladding, as well as the surface for finishing. As for finishing, wind and water protection of the insulation can be provided by a layer of plaster.

As for the exterior finishing, you should take care of the installation of the panels in advance. To ensure that the sheathing is strong enough, the frame posts must be installed frequently. After fixing the waterproof membrane with staples to the frame, it is lined with slats, the thickness of which is about 25-30 mm. This ensures that any water that gets inside can drain out, as well as ventilation.

The wall of a frame house looks like this: interior lining– vapor barrier – insulation – wooden frame– membrane – counter-lattice – façade finishing.

When arranging walls under plastering work are used sheet materials, which perfectly remove steam and prevent condensation. The sheets prevent the insulation from blowing through.

The internal wall looks like this: internal cladding – vapor barrier – wooden frame – insulation – membrane – counter batten – outer skin– basic plaster – plaster mesh– plaster.

Recently, frame houses are increasingly gaining popularity. Therefore, you should know how to insulate a frame house so that it is suitable for living in both winter and summer. However, it should be taken into account that the insulation must also be reliably protected from the negative effects of the environment, because moisture that gets into it leads to the formation of condensation, and it has a detrimental effect on this material. Therefore, it is imperative to use high-quality waterproofing.

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Construction of a frame house is a sequential process phased creation all structural elements of the building.

Wherein the order of work is strictly defined, changing or disrupting the sequence of actions is impossible - all operations are interconnected and logically follow from one another.

Proper insulation of a frame house is not a separate event, carried out if possible or desired. This mandatory part technological process, one of the stages of construction.

Thermal insulation for the walls of a frame house is a fairly simple process, but responsible and requires a clear understanding of the physical meaning of the actions. Its peculiarity is that no small details that can be ignored are recognized - any shortcomings are equated to serious violations of technology, leading to the failure of many elements of the wall structure. Let's consider the issue in more detail.

Requirements

Insulation - component frame house wall systems. This is not an additional measure that enhances overall functionality, but a standard part of the design.

Little of, the walls of a frame house consist almost entirely of insulation- it accounts for 3/4 of the volume of all materials.

In addition, insulation is the main part of the wall; all other elements, in fact, solve the issues of structural rigidity and protecting the material from moisture and maintaining its working qualities. The importance and responsibility of the tasks performed are put forward to The insulation material has a number of requirements:

1. Low thermal conductivity.
2. Low density, light weight.
3. No reaction to the appearance of moisture, low (ideally no) hygroscopicity.
4. Constancy of shape, absence of shrinkage or swelling of the material.
5. No harmful emissions such as formaldehyde, phenol, etc.
6. The composition of the material should not encourage the appearance of insects or rodents.

In addition to the listed properties, important quality insulation is rigidity. Some types of materials are produced both in a rigid state (slabs) and in a liquid state, requiring special equipment for application, which significantly complicates the work process and requires experience and skills. For independent work much more convenient materials, which do not require the use of additional equipment.

Main types of insulation

List of materials used for thermal insulation frame walls, quite wide.

Available in the form of slabs, rolls, granules, powder.

Main groups of insulation by origin:

1. Mineral. Basically, these are various melts of minerals, slag or glass, technologically converted into wool - mineral wool, glass wool, slag wool, etc.
2. Natural. This group includes various modifications sawdust or shavings (wood concrete, chip concrete, etc.), wool, ecowool, reed mats, etc.
3. Synthetic. Various materials chemically produced, for example - polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, isofol, etc.

Typically in practice Most often, frame walls are insulated with mineral wool and polystyrene foam. For this they use Various types mineral wool, glass wool or synthetics - polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene, etc. They are reliable, lightweight and do not put too much strain on the wall frame; in addition, insulating the walls in a frame house with your own hands is quite a feasible task.

Tools and protective equipment

The method of installation of the material largely depends on its properties and form of release.

Some simply need to be precisely cut to the shape of the spaces between the step posts, while others require special equipment and protection.

For independent work, insulation materials are usually used, which allow installation with minimal use of equipment and protective equipment. However, if glass wool is used as insulation, basic protection will be required. For work you may need:

1. ABOUT sharp knife. Shoe material will not work, as the insulation can be up to 200 mm thick. You need a knife with a fairly long blade.
2. Polyurethane foam. An excellent means of sealing cracks and gaps.
3. Hammer, small nails, thick threads. All this is useful for temporarily fixing the insulation in the sockets.
4. Putty knife. It will help to tuck the material tightly into the cracks.
5. Latex gloves. When working with prickly materials such as glass wool, they are indispensable.
6. Respirator. Inhalation of dust and small particles of insulation can lead to various diseases, so respiratory protection will not hurt.

Often when working with insulating materials use a full protective suit, covering the entire body and face. The measure will not be unnecessary when using liquid spray materials that create a suspension in the air and can get on skin, hair or clothing.

Preliminary preparation

The insulation is installed on a wall frame that is fully prepared for this.

The following items should be ready at the time of installation:

1. Fully assembled - racks, top trim, jibs and other elements.
2. External cladding made of OSB, chipboard, plywood or similar sheet materials is installed.
3. Installed waterproofing membrane(or other waterproofing agent roll type), all joints are connected with tape, there are no gaps or cracks.

That is all operations that cannot be performed with installed insulation must be performed, and then the walls of the frame house will be insulated from the inside. If it is done using the platform method, i.e. in a lying state, then the insulation is attached only after lifting the wall and aligning it with the markings.

Technology

How to properly insulate the walls of a frame house? How to properly install insulation in frame walls? As mentioned above, there are several types of insulation. The insulation scheme for the walls of a frame house has its own characteristics for each of them.. Let's consider one representative from each species.

Mineral wool

Frame houses: insulating walls with mineral wool for such prefabricated structures is very common. It is best to choose basalt slab wool.

It has sufficient rigidity and does not lose its shape during installation. The thickness of the slab is selected so that it corresponds to the width of one or more layers.

Important! The insulation should not be thicker than the width of the studs!

Insulation of the walls of a frame house with mineral wool is carried out as follows:

1. First of all, a waterproofing layer must be installed. Stripes roll material fastened in horizontal rows, starting from the bottom. The joints are insulated with special tape.

2. Mineral wool slabs are cut into pieces, exactly matching the width of the frame slots.

3. The cut parts are inserted into the sockets. If necessary, use a spatula to tuck the edges.

Attention! When working with a spatula or similar tools, be careful not to damage the waterproofing layer!

4. The installed parts of the insulation are fixed in place using thick threads, looped over small nails driven into the studs. If you don’t want to spoil the waterproofing layer with nails (and this is inevitable), then Insulation boards should be cut and installed as accurately and tightly as possible.

5. The joints of the pieces of material are glued with special tape. As an option - sealed with polyurethane foam. There should be no gaps.

6. On top of fully installed insulation a vapor barrier layer is attached. Its installation is carried out similarly to waterproofing - horizontal rows, starting from the bottom, the rows are overlapped by at least 150 mm, the joints are reinforced with tape.

All layers of the cake must be sealed, without cracks, holes or other damage.

Important! Even a small hole or gap will definitely cause the materials to become wet and the wood to rot!

Styrofoam

First of all, it is necessary to select the thickness of the material slabs in order to ensure the most favorable ratio of the thickness of the insulation and the width of the racks.

If necessary, you can use a combination of several plates with different thicknesses.

Insulation of the walls of a frame house with foam plastic is done in the following order:

1. The first layer is roll waterproofing.
2. The material is cut to the size of the nests. It is better to cut with a fine-toothed hacksaw, being careful not to crumble the material.
3. Installing polystyrene foam into the nests. Keeping in mind the rather fragile structure, you should not use force to drive the piece into the nest; it is better to trim it. It can be temporarily fixed with small wedges.
4. All existing cracks and joints are filled with polyurethane foam.
5. After crystallization, excess foam is trimmed with a knife.

Sawdust

Sawdust - cheap and available material. They are mainly used as insulation as various connections with cement bonds.

In their pure form, they are too dangerous from a sanitary point of view; in addition, they are susceptible to rotting and easily absorb water.

In addition, the use of bulk materials for wall insulation is almost impossible, since it will not be possible to achieve the required density of filling the nests. The cavities that appear in the thickness of the sawdust will inevitably create cold bridges, which will completely disrupt the operation of the insulating cake and cause the frame and sawdust to get wet. That's why You can only use derivatives - wood concrete or other slab material.

Insulating the walls of a frame house with sawdust is done in the same way:

1. A waterproofing layer is installed.
2. The plates are cut into appropriate pieces and inserted into the slots.
3. The cracks, joints or gaps are filled with polyurethane foam, which is trimmed after crystallization.
4. A vapor barrier layer is installed.

Important! Using sawdust is a questionable decision because it is a breeding ground for insects or rodents, and it rots and absorbs water. The presence of such circumstances makes the use of sawdust the least good choice of all possible.

Useful video

How the walls of a frame house are insulated is additionally described in the video below:

conclusions

Self-installation of insulation usually occurs in conditions of limited tools and lack of proper experience and skills. Since it is very important to properly insulate frame walls, it is recommended to use the most successful types of materials that do not require equipment and do not have serious restrictions during the installation process. The simpler the material is to work with, the better the result and there will be no consequences.

Taking on a job without having the skills to handle insulation is a hasty decision. In any case, it is necessary to first study the technology, especially the physical meaning of the processes occurring in the thickness of the pie. Then the work can be beneficial and provide coziness and comfort in the home.

In contact with

Frame houses are especially popular today: they are easy and quick to assemble, do not require a reinforced and expensive foundation, are inexpensive, and therefore accessible to all segments of the population.

Nevertheless, many do not dare to build houses according to frame technology, since they are considered not warm enough, intended exclusively for summer residence. However, this opinion is wrong, because if you approach the insulation of a panel house wisely, you can feel comfortable in it at any time of the year. “But how to insulate a frame house for winter living?” - you ask. The answer to all questions related to the process of insulating such buildings will be our article today.

Insulation options

First of all, you need to decide where you will install thermal insulation - outside the building or inside. To accept correct solution, you should consider the features of each insulation method.

The following facts speak in favor of the external location of thermal insulation:

In the process, the interior of the house does not suffer at all.

Wooden walls accumulate heat in the room, and when the temperature drops, they release it back into the room, allowing you to save on heating costs.

It should also be noted that insulation material installed outside the house, in addition to its main function, reliably protects the facade from the harmful effects of moisture, ultraviolet radiation and temperature fluctuations. As a result, the service life of the building increases significantly.

If you are wondering how to insulate the walls of a frame house from the inside, pay attention to several disadvantages of this method:

For the internal one, you will need to dismantle the entire decorative finishing premises, which will have to be restored again after installation of thermal insulation. This leads to an increase in work completion time and additional costs.

At internal insulation flows of warm and cold air meet inside the wall, which leads to the accumulation of moisture in the room, and as a result, the service life of wooden partitions is significantly reduced.

The insulation layer located inside the building does not protect the facade from external factors. The wall goes through many freeze and thaw cycles, causing its structure to deteriorate.

Selection of insulation material

When asking the question of how to insulate a frame house for winter living, you should understand that when it comes to walls made of wood-based materials, the insulation must have the following qualities:

1. Environmental friendliness. The heat insulator should not release substances hazardous to humans into the air (even when heated).

2. Fire safety. You should choose materials that prevent fire from spreading along the walls of the building and do not emit a lot of smoke in the event of a fire.

3. Low thermal conductivity.

4. Durability. must fit tightly between the walls and retain its original shape over time.

5. Low cost. The price of insulation should not exceed the cost of the building itself.

Expanded polystyrene and mineral wool are considered to be closest to the above requirements.

Expanded polystyrene

The main advantages of polystyrene foam include its low weight, which is very important when it comes to frame structures. The material tolerates well sharp jumps temperatures, is not afraid of moisture and does not freeze.

The durability and low cost of polystyrene foam attract many homeowners, but along with positive qualities this insulation It also has disadvantages.

These include:

Rapid flammability;

Susceptibility to mechanical and chemical damage;

Poor air permeability (which creates a thermos effect in the house).

As an alternative, many use an improved type of foam - penoplex, which is resistant to various kinds damage, but has a higher price tag.

Most often, this insulation is installed on the outside of the house.

Mineral wool

The most popular material used as thermal insulation in frame houses is considered to be Isover mineral wool (insulation, the price of which, compared to similar materials, quite low). On sale it is found in the form of rolls, mats and durable slabs.

It is characterized by environmental friendliness, light weight, excellent heat and sound insulation properties, the ability to bend around any irregularities, as well as long service life.

The fire safety of a material depends entirely on its density. Products in the form of slabs do not burn at all.

When choosing this insulation for frame walls, you should take into account that after some time the wool can cake and sag, which leads to a violation of the integrity of the heat-insulating layer. It is also necessary to pay due attention to waterproofing, since when glass wool gets wet, it loses its original properties and becomes a favorable environment for the formation of mold.

Facade insulation

Let's take a closer look at how to insulate a frame house for winter living from the outside.

For these purposes, you can use technology. It involves installing insulation between external walls Ouch and decorative cladding. In this case, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer directly depends on climatic conditions in the region of residence (20 cm or more).

This method can also be used for internal wall insulation, and lining or plasterboard can be used as finishing.

Technology of insulating external walls with foam plastic

1. The wall is cleaned of dirt and dust, all protrusions are smoothed out. The base is completely treated with a primer, and if cracks are found, they are covered with special adhesives.

2. Next, install vertical hangers. Nylon strings with weights are placed at a distance of 0.5 m from each other in order to identify and eliminate all irregularities (if the walls of the panel house are as smooth as possible, this step can be skipped).

3. Using special glue, the foam boards are fixed to the walls. It is very important that the material fits as tightly as possible to the base.

4. Finishing material is installed on top of the heat-insulating layer.

Insulation of internal walls

Now let’s figure out how to insulate a frame house with mineral wool.

Laying insulation should be started only after the wall has been treated with antiseptic compounds.

Installation of thermal insulation includes the following work:

1. Place a vapor-permeable one on the walls so that its smooth side “looks” into the room.

2. Guide rails made of wood or metal are installed on top of the membrane using self-tapping screws. The distance between the slats must correspond to the width of the insulation material.

3. Installation of mineral wool can begin either from the top or from the bottom of the wall. If you use rolled “Isover” (insulation, the price of which varies between 1500-2000 rubles per package), installation should begin from the ceiling. Mineral wool in mats is installed starting from the floor. Fastening is carried out using dowels with a wide head.

4. It is located on top of the insulation. For these purposes, you should choose vapor-permeable products that will contribute to natural ventilation premises. The film is fixed using wooden slats so that it is not too tight and does not sag. Next, the cladding is installed.

Conclusion

Now you know how to insulate a frame house for winter living. To conclude the topic, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that thermal insulation will not make the building suitable for living in the cold season - it is designed to keep warm air indoors. Therefore, if you want your home to be warm and comfortable even in severe frosts, take care of its heating.