Rules of conduct in the event of a fire at school social studies. Correct Action in a School Fire

"I approve"

Director of MKOU OOSH village Pavlovo

Pizhansky district of the Kirov region

E.E. Kleptsova

01.09.2015

Instruction on the procedure for personnel

to ensure safe and quick evacuation students and staff MKOU OOSH village Pavlovo, Pizhansky district, Kirovskaya

with the threat of occurrence and under conditions:

fire, emergency, accident, natural disaster, disaster, terrorist attack number 37

IF FIRE DETECTED.

1. Having detected signs of a fire (fire, smoke, burning smell) or having heard: a siren, an audible warning-alarm, text commands of the warning and control system of people during evacuation,assess the situation - where does the danger come from? immediatelyreport the fire on the city phone 01, MTS 010, Bi Line 112, then 1 or 001, MEGAFON 112, then 1 or 010 your name and contact phone number, address and number of the school, place (office, corridor, etc.) - in which the fire occurred, the presence of people in the school and whether there is a threat to their life, the shortest way to approach the fire. Notify school management. If the alarm signal - the siren does not sound yet - turn on the nearest manual call point (bell) - to alert and evacuate people.

WHEN EXTINGUISHING A FIRE.

2. Immediately, from the moment a fire is detected, if its hearth does not exceed 1 sq.m., fire extinguishing is organized and carried out using the existing primary funds firefighting trained workers who have undergone appropriate training, not involved in the evacuation of children. Putting out electrical appliances connected to the network with water is life-threatening. To protect against electric shock, disconnect the electricity from the mains (circuit breakers in the floor panel). If the fire center exceeds 1 sq.m., with a threat to life and the impossibility of extinguishing the fire, immediately leave the danger zone, tightly closing the doors of the burning room behind you.

WHEN EVACUATION.

3. The watchman on alarm announces fire alarm and evacuation from the school building, for which it uses an electric bell, opens the doors of spare and emergency exits, swing grids, regulates evacuation, does not allow oncoming and intersecting streams of people.

4. Teachers stop lessons and classes, announce the order of evacuation, take with them a first aid kit, classbook and mobile phone, leaving the rest of the things in the office.

5. Students do not pack their portfolios, take only mobile phones with them. It is forbidden to run into the locker room, change clothes, change shoes, take your things.

6. The teacher, having chosen the shortest evacuation route according to the evacuation plan, quickly, without panic, in an organized manner takes the children out of the office. High school students skip the younger ones and help them. The victims are evacuated on their own.

7. The order of exit of students from the office: the first is the row closest to the door, the second is the middle row, the third is the row by the window. Students put their hand on the shoulder of the person in front, descend in a chain, not overtaking each other. When moving up stairs, hold on to the railing, be careful.

8. The teacher checks that no student is left in the classroom.

9. When leaving the room, turn off all electrical appliances, turn off the lights, close windows, vents and doors, this will be an additional obstacle to the spread of fire and smoke.

IN THE PRESENCE OF DANGEROUS FIRE FACTORS ON THE ROUTES OF EVACUATION.

10. Proceed according to the prevailing situation. If the shortest escape route is in smoke, then evacuate by spare or emergency routes evacuation and exits from the building.

11. If you do not have individual means filtering action to protect the respiratory tract from: carbon monoxide, oxide and nitrogen dioxide, and all corridors are filled with smoke, but visibility is more than 10 meters, use wet dressings to protect the respiratory tract from: burns, soot and soot, sit as close to the floor surface as possible , since breathing air is retained only up to the lower border of the smoke, crawl to the exit, along the walls so as not to lose direction.

IF EVACUATION IS IMPOSSIBLE.

12. If visibility is less than 10 meters, return to the premises. Close doors and windows tightly. Passage on heavily smoky floors without respiratory protection is prohibited.

13. Isolate the room from the ingress of smoke by sealing the ventilation holes, crevices and gaps in the doorway with a damp cloth (towels, curtains). For evacuation, use the 1st floor windows or external stationary fire escapes. Go down downpipes and jumping from windows above the 2nd floor is prohibited, because deadly. If there are no signs of suffocation and clouding of consciousness, do not open the window. Go to the window, write on the window, give signs to help you, try to attract the attention of passers-by and firefighters. If you are unable to evacuate on your own, you must lie on the floor, use wet bandages to protect the respiratory tract from burns and soot. Call 01, inform about the situation and your location. Wait for the rescuers to arrive.

AFTER EVACUATION.

14. If you have already left the burning building, then try to arrange a meeting of the fire departments, show them the way to the place of the fire. Indicate to the head of the fire department: the location of the fire hydrant hatches, where the evacuation plan of the entire school building is posted and show on it: where are the people cut off by the fire who need to be evacuated first, which rooms are on fire and where the fire is spreading, where the most valuable property is located to be evacuated.

15. Give first aid to the injured. Apply a clean, damp, lint-free cloth to burns. To deliver victims to medical institution call ambulance by phone 03.

16. If you left the building through a window or by the fire escape, be sure to report yourself to school officials.

17. All evacuated students gather and build in classrooms at a pre-designated gathering place - near the boiler room. The time for complete evacuation is measured. Pupils check if a neighbor on a desk is here; if he is absent, they immediately inform the teacher. The presence of school personnel is checked against the personnel lists. Teachers, using class magazines, check the presence of students, "According to the list in the 9th grade, 15 students, 15 were present at the lesson, 15 were in the ranks, everyone was evacuated," which is reported to the headmaster. The principal of the school announces the further procedure of action and appoints the time of the meeting to analyze the mistakes made and summarize the results of the evacuation.

NOTE:

During all of the above activities, responsibility for the life and health of students is borne by the teacher, whose lesson in this class coincided with a fire or evacuation training.

I have read the instructions _________________

School is one of the places mass stay of people. When a fire breaks out, panic and crush often occur, in which children can die. To prevent this from happening, spend training sessions that will help you become attentive, focus only on the necessary. And at the same time, they will allow you to distribute roles and responsibilities during the evacuation.

How it all begins

Fire alarm in school, as in all public institutions, is carried out using fire alarm... In addition to this, a voice message can be sent about the fire.

If any of the technical personnel or teachers finds a fire source, then you can try to eliminate it yourself with primary fire extinguishing means, which are located in fire cabinets, on fire shields or fire stands. Any tool that is at hand is also suitable for extinguishing a fire.

Fire extinguishers must be installed in all classrooms of the school. In addition, in cabinets with flammable liquids and live wires, boxes with sand are installed for extinguishing.

If a fire occurs, the director or his deputy should call fire department and report this situation. After that, there is a quick preparation of schoolchildren for the evacuation from the building.

If there are respiratory protective equipment in the office, students are given these means. In the absence of these funds, you can use handkerchiefs, part of school clothes, and in general any fabric that can be found at this moment. The material is moistened with water, after which the students cover their mouth and nose.

The teacher briefly explains that after the signal fire siren you cannot panic and run alone through the school building, because he can get lost in smoke conditions. At this moment, those responsible for the opposite fire safety emergency and central exits are opened and a phased evacuation of schoolchildren begins.

Teacher actions

In the event of a fire in a school, the teacher needs to prevent students from panicking as effectively as possible. A calm and confident behavior will help children concentrate on the situation and carefully approach the evacuation phase.

The teacher needs to find out through which room it will be necessary to evacuate, how safe is this or that way of exiting the building. Distribute personal protective equipment soaked in water. Also explain that you cannot run into the fire zone and try to extinguish the fire. This will be done by more trained people.

After that, warn students that their personal belongings should be left in the building for speed of movement. Of the things, the teacher will take only the school magazine. After leaving the building, schoolchildren should not scatter, since the teacher needs to make sure that all children entrusted to him are out of the danger zone, and report the results of the responsible event to the director. A school journal will help you to compile lists of children.

If a school with a large number of students and the fire source is not on your floor, you will have to wait in line to evacuate to avoid crowding.

Exit of students and staff

To reduce the load on the corridors, the order of evacuation of schoolchildren must be observed. The first to be displayed are schoolchildren who find themselves in rooms close to fires. Then the evacuation of children from the upper floors begins, starting with the elementary grades.

On a safer route, schoolchildren are displayed in pairs. The movement of the whole group is directed by the teacher, and the most physically developed boys, who are able to help weaker comrades, close the group. They also close the doors behind them in order to weaken the intensity of the spread of fire.

Small children who are not able to move independently are carried in their arms... In case of strong smoke, the group moves to the exit one by one and crawling, since the likelihood of damage to the respiratory system becomes lower. The school principal and those in charge should be the last to be evacuated from the burning building.

Stay in a burning building

There are emergencies when it is impossible to carry out a complete evacuation of students and teachers. If a safe exit was not found, then the door to the classroom is tightly closed and sealed with a cloth soaked in water.

The windows are slightly opened, and the children are seated on the floor, closer to the windows. Metal bars are removed from the windows.

It is necessary to immediately inform everyone about the whereabouts of the children. responsible persons... Without urgent need keep children away from downpipes, rope or tied sheets, especially from higher floors.

Firefighters who have arrived must organize the rescue of such children first.

Collection and injury cases

The evacuation of students is carried out outside the school grounds to a safe place. This is usually a sports field or stadium. At this point, the students do not disperse, but line up in columns, and the teacher calls the roll call. Each teacher informs the principal about the number of students present at the lesson and the number of those who left the building. In the absence of any of the children, the director reports this fact to the arrived fire brigade, and a search for the missing person is organized.

The evacuation of children cannot always be carried out without injuries. Before the arrival of the medical service at the scene, you can independently organize first aid for injured children. Schoolchildren with burns should be referred to hospital immediately. In no case should burns be treated with any kind of vegetable oil. Children with fractures, dislocations and sprains are sent to the emergency room. The injured limbs must be immobilized, for which bandages and splints are applied.

Extinguishing

The main fire extinguishing is carried out by the arrived calculations. After the elimination of the fires, the director organizes the ventilation of all the premises of the school.

If you follow these simple rules, then the evacuation process can take from three to five minutes. And it will be great if the signal in your school turned out to be just a training alarm, and you were able to repeat the actions in case of fire again.

These rules of conduct in case of fire are developed for students in order to preserve their life and health during a possible fire in a school, in a house or apartment, an elevator, in an entrance or on the street.

School Fire Conduct

1. To prevent a fire at school, observe the fire safety rules for children at school

2. In the event of a fire in a school, if it is not possible to cope with the fire on your own, you must leave the premises in an organized manner.

3. The school evacuation plan should be reviewed in advance. You can find him in the office, on any floor in the school corridors and hallways.

4. The main enemy of evacuation from a hot room is panic. Panic movement often ends in human casualties. Moreover, panic can occur even in cases where there is no real threat of fire development. Therefore, the life of your comrades may depend on your self-control, composure and composure.

5. If possible, call 101, 112 and call fire brigade... But this can be done on one condition, if there is no threat to life. If it is, save yourself and everyone who needs it.

6. After evacuating from school - do not disperse. Let the teacher make sure everything is in place.

7. You cannot leave the school building through the exits, get out through the windows. But do not forget, you have no wings. But firefighters have ladders, and they will definitely come and help you out if you are patient, calm and prepared for an emergency - a fire.

Rules of conduct in the event of a fire in a house, apartment

1. General rules behavior in the event of a fire in a house, apartment

Has a fire started in your house, apartment or dacha? What to do and what not to do?

Call the fire department at 101 or EDDS 112 and report the incident. If possible, notify adults.

Try to extinguish the fire yourself. But remember, if it was not possible to cope with the fire within a few minutes, then further attempts are useless and deadly.

To prevent a fire at home, you must follow the rules of fire safety in the house.

2. How can you put out the fire at an early stage:

solid objects are best extinguished with water, sand, earth, thick cloth or a fire extinguisher.
flammable liquids can be covered with sand, earth, covered with a thick cloth, or use a fire extinguisher.
electrical devices and the wires will first be de-energized, and then extinguished with water, a thick cloth or a fire extinguisher. CAREFULLY! The TV set can explode, so you shouldn't be too close to it.
if kitchen utensils, curtains or towels are on fire from the stove in the kitchen, put out the fire with rags, wrapping your hands with a wet towel; A small fire in the kitchen can be eliminated with cereals, salt or washing powder.

Know how to use special fire extinguishing equipment. The most common means is a fire extinguisher. And also a new means of self-triggering fire extinguisher "ball", the easiest to use and with the possibility of self-triggering when burning. A fire extinguisher or "fireball" should be in every home. They can extinguish almost any starting fire.

3. How to use special means fire extinguishing:

Conventional fire extinguisher:

Break off the seal;
Pull out the check;
Direct the bell to the flame;
Press the lever.

The self-operating fire extinguisher "Ball" can simply be thrown into the fire.

The basic rule of extinguishing a fire is as follows: cover the burning object with a thick cloth or blanket and immediately leave the room, tightly closing the door behind you.

If the fire is gaining strength, it is necessary to save the most precious thing - yourself, your brothers and sisters, the people in the house.

4. How to get out of a house fire:

If you woke up from the smell of smoke or the noise of a fire, do not sit in bed !! You will inhale smoke, and with it poisonous gases. Roll straight down to the floor. There are less toxic substances and more clean air.

You cannot stay in a burning room and hide in cabinets or other pieces of furniture.

Protect your eyes and respiratory system and crawl across the floor under a cloud of smoke to the door.

Gently touch it with the back of your hand. If the door is hot, there is a fire behind it. Don't open the door.

Block the gap under the door with any rag, if possible wet, and crawl to the window.

If possible, cover yourself with a thick, damp cloth and take a flashlight.

Do not enter where there is a high concentration of smoke or fire.

If a shaft of fire is approaching you, do not hesitate to fall, covering your head with a damp cloth. At this point, do not breathe so as not to burn your internal organs.

Try to leave the hot room as soon as possible. You can use the window if it is on the 1st floor. Remember that every second jump from the 4th floor and higher is fatal. It is better to wait for the firemen on the balcony, and if he is absent in the back room from the fire with a window. Help will come.

Try to get attention to yourself.

Prepare to signal rescuers with a piece of bright cloth from the balcony or with a flashlight from the room (if there is smoke outside).

5. What should not be done in case of a fire in an apartment:

do not start extinguishing the fire before calling the firefighters, as during this time a big fire can break out;
do not try to get out through a smoky staircase (hot air burns the lungs, and the smoke is very toxic);
do not use the elevator;
do not go down drainpipes and risers, or with the help of sheets and ropes, if there is no urgent need for this (a fall in the absence of special skills is almost always inevitable);
do not open windows and doors (this will increase the flow of oxygen);
do not jump out of windows (statistics show that every second jump from the 4th floor and higher is fatal);
do not extinguish electrical appliances connected to the network with water (a short circuit may occur).

Call the firefighters on 101 or the unified dispatching service 112. Give the address, the reason for calling and the shortest way to your house and your name and surname.

Rules of conduct in the event of a fire in an elevator

A fire in an elevator occurs most often when the electrical wiring is faulty, as well as when fire safety rules are not followed.

Not extinguished matches, cigarette butts thrown on the floor of the cabin or in the mine can cause a fire.

1. It is prohibited in the elevator car:

smoking;
light a fire;
transport flammable liquids.

2. If the elevator car catches fire:

report the fire to the dispatcher;
try to eliminate the source of the fire yourself;
try to get out of the elevator car;
if you are unable to leave the elevator, draw attention to yourself, protect your respiratory system with clothing, and stay calm while waiting for help.

Rules of conduct in the event of a fire at the entrance

Garbage left at the entrance is the source of the fire.

An unextinguished cigarette thrown on the floor is a source of fire.

It is forbidden to obstruct stairways!

If a strong smoke or a fire source is found in the entrance:

call the fire department on 101 and notify the neighbors if possible.

do not use the elevator, if going outside is not possible, stay in the apartment.

the door will protect you from fire for a long time, you need to water it from the inside with water and seal all the cracks with a wet cloth.

keep calm, the firefighters are already rushing to your aid.

Rules of conduct in the event of a fire on the street

On the street, it is strictly forbidden to set fire to dry grass, fallen leaves or poplar fluff. Often, as a result of such actions, the fire spreads to the plants that encircle the balconies, and rises along them from the first to last floors, finding on each balcony an additional combustible material, going into residential apartments and destroying everything in its path.

If there is a small fire, try to knock down the flame with damp branches or cover it with earth.

Do not try to fight the fire at the cost of health and life, leave the place of fire, call the fire department by phone. 101.

What not to do in case of fire:

Open windows and doors: inflow fresh air supports combustion. You need to break the window only if you are going to jump out of it (if the floor is low).

Put out electrical appliances connected to the network with water.

Walk full height in a smoky room: smoke always accumulates in the upper part of a room or building, so it is better to bend over or lie on the floor, covering your nose and mouth with a handkerchief.

In a smoky staircase, move holding onto the railing: they can lead to a dead end.

Try to leave the burning staircase in the elevator (it can turn off at any time, and you will be trapped).

Hiding during a fire (under a sofa, in a closet): it is impossible to hide from fire and smoke.

Lubricate burns with oil.

Fight fire yourself without calling firefighters.

Do not panic! it main principle behavior in case of fire.

It must be remembered that in classrooms educational institutions the fire spreads at a speed of 1-1.5 meters per minute, in the corridors - 4-5 m / min. When furniture and paper burns in classrooms, carbon monoxide accumulates in the air, which, if inhaled within 5-10 minutes, becomes fatal. That is why, in a school fire emergency, you need to act quickly, decisively and competently, in accordance with previously developed evacuation plans and practical exercises in case of fire.

The main tasks of personnel in case of fire:

At the first sign of fire, the smell of smoke or the activation of the fire warning system, immediately call the firefighters by phone 01 (by mobile - 911 or 112).

Notify the head or the person responsible for fire safety of the institution about the fire.

Without delay, before the arrival of firefighters, organize the evacuation of students from the school building.

Open all evacuation exits from the building.

Ensure compliance with safety requirements by workers who, if possible, take part in extinguishing the fire with the available means.
Arrange a meeting for arriving fire brigades.
After the evacuation of the children, if possible, check all the premises in order to exclude the students from staying in the danger zone: they often hide in secluded places from fright.

The order of the teacher in case of fire:

Don't panic yourself and calm the kids down.

First of all, to evacuate children from those premises where it is dangerous to life, as well as from the upper floors, and the first to take out the students of the elementary grades.

Clarify the situation: is there smoke in the corridor, is it possible to withdraw and evacuate students.

If it is safe to leave the classroom, build the students. Leave briefcases, clothes in place. If available, wear gauze bandages to protect the respiratory system. Get a cool magazine.

Take students out of the school building along the safest and shortest path. At the same time, the teacher must go ahead, and at the end of the chain of children put the tallest and most physically developed boys, so that, if necessary, they can help the weaker ones.

At the end of the evacuation, in a predetermined safe gathering place, call all the children according to the lists. The teacher must always be close to the students taken out of the buildings.

If the hallway is smoky and the exit from the classroom is unsafe, you need to close the front door, seal it with an available cloth, put the children on the floor and slightly open the window for ventilation. If there are metal bars on the windows, they must be opened immediately. As soon as you hear the noise of fire trucks approaching, give a signal so that the soldiers immediately begin to evacuate the children through the windows. The teacher is then the last to leave the classroom.

Analysis of the situation with fires and their consequences in the city of Moscow shows that in 2014 there were 30 fires in educational buildings, 10 of them in schools. In the first quarter of 2015, there were already 6 fires in educational institutions of Moscow with significant material damage. The most common causes of fires in schools are violation of the rules for the design and operation of electrical appliances and careless handling of fire, and there are also cases of arson.

Therefore, it is important to know how to act in the event of a fire, the rules for evacuating from the school building and the rules of conduct in the event of smoke from the main escape routes.

Fire message

First of all, if a fire is detected, it is necessary to inform about it. educators, security service, any adult at school. Call the fire department on the city phone 101 or mobile phone by number 112. Before calling you need to calm down. You will definitely be answered and listened to carefully.

Having heard the dispatcher's answer: "Fire protection", you must provide the following information:

fire address, school number;
the presence and nature of the danger to life and health of people, especially schoolchildren;
place of occurrence (on which floor the fire occurred, in which room, etc.);
what is burning or the nature of the emergency, another incident;
information about the fire that can affect the successful completion of the task of extinguishing it;
give your last name, first name, patronymic (including your phone number).

Take your time to turn off your phone. Be prepared to answer additional questions posed by the dispatcher on duty. The dispatcher ends the interview with the applicant with the phrase: “Fire trucks have left - welcome!”, After which you can end the conversation. If possible, arrange a meeting of the divisions fire department and assist in choosing the shortest way to approach the fire.

Evacuation announcement

Don't shout "Fire". There are cases when the cry "Fire" caused panic with human casualties, although there was no threat to people's lives. There can be several ways of announcing evacuation: voice notification, alarm triggered by manual or electric calls, when a building is equipped with a loudspeaker warning system, by turning on the broadcast of a pre-prepared text throughout the building.

Evacuation

Every teacher and student must be prepared to deal with an emergency. First of all, it is necessary to evacuate people from the school.

The school administration develops in advance a plan for the evacuation of people in case of fire, studies it with school staff and periodically works out actions with children. In the event of a fire in the school, it is necessary, at the command of the teacher, to line up in a column of two. Evacuate along predetermined paths under the guidance of class teachers or classroom teachers. In this case, the teacher should take a training journal with him to check the presence of students. The most physically prepared boys are put in the back. Move at a brisk pace, but do not run. If you find smoke on the escape routes, you must cover the respiratory organs with a handkerchief and move bent over.

The main escape routes are staircases and fixed fire escapes. Sometimes, smoke-free rooms located in the opposite part of the building are used to take children out of smoky rooms to a safe place, with their subsequent removal from the building. High school students can help teachers evacuate children primary school(help to dress, take to a warm room, etc.).

The collection of evacuated children is carried out in a predetermined place. This is usually the schoolyard. After leaving school for fresh air, do not run away. Line up by class. You will be checked by the logs and in the absence of any of the students, they will inform the fire brigade about this and organize a search. Schoolchildren are accommodated, especially in winter period, in the nearest warm rooms, which should be provided in advance.

No way out

If the main escape routes are cut off by fire or smoke and you are in the upper floors of a school building, don't panic. Don't try to slip through. Go to a classroom or any other room with windows where there is no smoke. Care must be taken to isolate the room in which you are from the penetration of smoke and fire. Close the door and seal all the cracks in the door and ventilation grill rags. It is better to moisten the rags first. As a fabric, you can use curtains from the windows, clothing details.

Do not open the windows. This can increase draft and smoke flow. If smoke gets into the room, open the window and lie on the floor. About 15 centimeters from the floor there is a space with clean air... It is better to breathe through a wet cloth or covering the respiratory system with clothes.

The most important thing is not to panic. They will surely rescue you. The time limit for the arrival of fire brigades in Moscow is no more than 10 minutes. Upon arrival at the fire, firefighters first of all identify people cut off by fire and smoke and direct all forces and means to rescue them.

When firefighters arrive, it is necessary to open the window and call for help with a voice and waves of hands. From burning and smoke-cut rooms, firefighters rescue students through windows using manual fire escapes, life hoses, and rescue ropes. Pneumatic rescue devices and tension belts can be used.

Fire extinguishing with improvised means

You can try to extinguish the fire yourself using a water supply from a fire hydrant or primary fire extinguishing equipment. Self-extinguishing of a fire is justified only if it does not pose a threat to human life and health - the source of ignition (flame) is visible and you can safely approach it to the length of the extinguishing jet, that is, at the initial stage of combustion. Otherwise, it is necessary to take measures to isolate the burning room from fresh air entering it (it is necessary to close all windows and doors), turn off the electricity and immediately leave the room. A decrease in oxygen in the air to 17% leads to the cessation of combustion.

Do not try to extinguish a fire in a smoky environment, even at low density. This can lead to poisoning with carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide! The content of only 0.1-0.5% carbon monoxide in the air leads to loss of consciousness and instant death.

The text was prepared based on materials from open sources by methodologists on life safety: Antonov N.V., Baklanov O.Yu., Bychkov V.A., Gerasimova S.I., Trukhov P.V.