Thermal insulation properties of foam. We choose an inexpensive insulation: foam plastic, its features and application technology

Despite the emergence of new insulating materials, foam continues to be popular among professional builders and home craftsmen. What allows this material to maintain its leading position as a heater, and what are the ways to use it?

Characteristics

The production of foam plastic was started more than eighty years ago. The first block was released in Germany, after which it began to be used everywhere in various territories. The basis for the insulation boards are polystyrene balls. Initially, they are elements with a dense structure, which do not even remotely resemble foam. At the first stage of production, their foaming is carried out. Next, the base is dried and aged, which is subsequently immersed in a special chamber, where it is sintered with steam at a certain pressure. At the pre-sale stage, the foam is large blocks that are cut depending on the specification.

Size standard sheet, which is used for insulation, has a length and width of one meter, there are also options for a foam sheet with a width less than half. The most popular sheet size is 120 by 60 cm. The difference between the types lies not only in size, but also in the density of the material. Normal for facade insulation is a density of 25 kg per cubic meter. Plates with a density of 15 and 40 kilograms are also produced. This indicator directly affects the thermal conductivity. The higher the number, the lower the thermal conductivity and the higher the price for the foam. A denser insulation can withstand heavy loads, so it is often used to insulate the floor.

Due to the fact that the balls undergo pre-foaming, this saturates them with gas, which causes low thermal conductivity of the foam. Its indicator is in the range of 0.038 W / (m × K). Styrofoam is usually white, but during the process of making polystyrene beads, the manufacturer can add any desired pigment to make their product stand out from other options. In some cases, extruded polystyrene foam and polyethylene foam may also be called foam. These materials differ from foam by the method of production, as well as the material that underlies it.

Properties

Based on the characteristics and experience of using foam, it is quite simple to highlight its strengths and weak sides. The advantages of such an insulator include:

• minimum weight;
• environmental cleanliness;
• low cost;
• the possibility of self-assembly;
• the possibility of insulating various surfaces;
• ease of processing and fitting;
• resistance to biological processes;
• soundproof properties.

The solid in the foam is only a few percent compared to the total volume of gas contained in the material. This is the reason for its low weight. This makes the insulation ideal for use with frame structures, since it does not exert significant pressure on the foundation and walls. This feature also simplifies the process of lifting the material to a height and self-assembly. Polystyrene is a polymer that, in its structure and composition, does not cause any harm to human health and the environment if it is not eaten, therefore, it is possible to insulate the building with polystyrene without fear that, over time, harmful substances will be released from heating. The comparative cost of such a material is low, so it is suitable for low-budget insulation of temporary buildings.

Installation of the material does not cause any particular difficulties, therefore it can be carried out without outside help. Due to its versatility, insulation can be made for any available surfaces. At the same time, the foam does not react with most building materials, if organic solvents are not taken into account. Therefore, when laying polystyrene foam on wooden, brick or concrete planes, there are no problems. You can process the insulation with an ordinary knife or a hacksaw, which simplifies the process of fitting it to various forms. A material of small thickness can take curvilinear shapes, therefore, insulation of semicircular bay windows is available. Styrofoam is an excellent insulation for the basement and foundation. This is due to the fact that it can be in the ground long years without changing properties, since it is not subject to decay processes and mold and fungus do not develop on the surface of the foam. A wall insulated with foam plastic acquires additional soundproofing properties, which is also a positive effect.

It is important to know about the disadvantages, which, however, overlap with the existing advantages:

• instability to organic solvents;
• low mechanical strength;
• fire hazard;
• no vapor permeability.

It is not recommended to use a heater during painting work. Certain types of paints that are diluted with solvents can damage the material, decomposing it. A surface insulated with foam plastic requires additional reinforcement by installing a fiberglass mesh to increase its strength, since even a small mechanical impact can leave a dent in the material. Although flame retardants are added to the insulation during production, this does not make it absolutely fireproof. When exposed to high temperatures, the material melts with the release of carbon dioxide, but is capable of self-extinguishing. Due to the density of the material, air does not pass through it, which provides insulation from moisture, but creates a barrier during its outflow, which can result in the formation of mold under the insulation.

Note! Rodents can get inside the insulation boards. Mice and rats do not eat it, but simply make passages inside, arranging a dwelling. Poultry also likes to peck at the foam, damaging its integrity.

Is it worth it to insulate from the inside

The question of insulating a house or other building with foam plastic from the inside causes a lot of controversy, since it is difficult to unambiguously answer this question. It is worth saying that such a method of foam insulation exists, but it also has opponents. The main argument is that heat-intensive materials must be located indoors, as they absorb heat environment, but warm insulating materials leave outside so that they prevent the penetration of cold to building materials. Insulation from the inside with foam plastic is possible if high-quality ventilation of the room is provided, which will remove moisture in a timely manner, which will prevent the formation of mold. It is also important to calculate everything correctly so that the dew point does not shift towards the living quarters. In this case, due to the difference in air temperatures inside and outside, condensation will occur between the insulation and the wall, which will lead to the destruction of the blocks. A video of the process of internal insulation with foam is below.

Styrofoam for attic insulation with foam plastic has been and remains one of the most popular for a long time thermal insulation materials. Even the presence on the market of a wide variety of mineral wool insulation, products made of extruded polystyrene foam, and other materials did not affect the leadership of the insulator among inexpensive insulation.

In this article, we will consider the types of foam, their specifications, as well as the pros and cons that this material has.

1 Material features

The use of foam as a heat-insulating material is widespread, both in industrial and private construction.

The main reason for this is the cost of this material with foam adhesive, which, with technical characteristics comparable to other heaters, is an order of magnitude less. After analyzing all the features of the use of foam as a heater, we can draw the following conclusions:

• The technology allows to reduce the financial costs of insulation. For example, even if we take into account that the cost of mineral wool and polystyrene foam is identical (in reality, a cubic meter of foam plastic costs about 2 tr, mineral wool - 4-6 tr), then for thermal insulation of the same surface, mineral wool will be needed in on average, one and a half times more than polystyrene;
• Simplification of installation - there is no need to create an additional supporting structure, the sheet is mounted on the walls with an adhesive solution.

By means of this material, it is possible to carry out the insulation of any surfaces - walls, ceilings, floors, facades, roofs, interfloor ceilings.

Styrofoam is also often used as the main insulation inside the walls of houses built using frame technology, and free space inside hollow brick walls.

house insulated with styrofoam

2 Types of material and their technical characteristics

Classification of foam plastic is carried out depending on the density of the material, according to which the following are distinguished:

There is also a foam of increased hardness PS-1 and PS-4.

The technical characteristics of PSB foam are as follows:

• Density, kg/m3: PSB S15 -8, PSB S25 - 15, PSB S35 - 25;
• Compressive strength, MPa: C15 - 0.04, C25 - 0.08, C35 - 0.16;
• Resistance to bending, MPa: C15 - 0.06, C25 - 0.018, C35 - 0.25;
• Percentage of water absorption at full immersion in 24 hours: C15 - 4, C25 - 3, C35 - 2;
• Saposattenuation time in the absence of direct contact with fire, sec: C15 - 4, C25 - 1, C35 - 1;
• Fire resistance class: for all materials - G3 (normally combustible);
• Thermal conductivity coefficient, W/mk: С15 – 0.043, С25 – 0.039, С35 – 0.037;
• Vapor permeability coefficient, mg; C15, 0.05; C25, 0.05; C35, 0.05;
• The normal operating temperature for all types is from -60 to +80 degrees. At the same time, polystyrene is not dangerous to human health.

Balls - components of foam that hold air inside

Polystyrene of PS class with increased density is manufactured using technology using pressing, they can have a density of 100 to 600 kg/m3. The scope of such foams is floor insulation under concrete screeds, laying under roads and any structures that exert high mechanical pressure on the heat-insulating material.

The technical characteristics of pressed dense foam, in general, are identical to materials made using standard technology.

2.1 Advantages of the application

Given the low cost of the material (even if it is reinforced foam for the facade), its advantages, when used as a heater, are undeniable.

Quality to insulate the facade, attic, or ceiling of the house with the help of such material, no matter what anyone says, you can! Styrofoam insulation will not seem inferior, since the difference in the thermal conductivity of materials at the level of 0.03-0.05 W / mk is simply not felt.

Among strengths insulator, making it a very good insulation, the following main factors can be distinguished.

2.2 Low thermal conductivity

In terms of thermal insulation properties, the material does not differ much from heaters made of extruded polystyrene foam or medium-quality mineral wool, while it costs an order of magnitude lower.

So, the thermal conductivity of the foam, depending on the density of the material, ranges from 0.037 to 0.041 W / mk, which allows you to perform effective insulation premises from any material - wood, brick, expanded clay block, or gas silicate blocks. For the same materials, carbamide foam can be used.

Insulation of the facade of the apartment with foam plastic

The low thermal conductivity of the foam makes it possible to carry out high-quality thermal insulation of the building when using a relatively thin insulation, so, in practice, foam plastic with a thickness of over 12 centimeters is used extremely rarely.

For comparison, the thermal conductivity of mineral wool is 0.035-0.04 W / mk, extruded polystyrene foam - 0.039 W / mk. At the same time, the cost of these materials exceeds the price of foam plastic by at least 2-2.5 times.

2.3 Hydrophobicity

The hydrophobicity of a material is its ability to absorb liquid. The less hydrophobicity the insulation has, the better, since when moisture is absorbed, heat-insulating materials are prone to losing their performance characteristics, weight gain, resulting in an additional load on bearing structures, and rapid destruction.

Styrofoam, due to its closed cell structure, has minimal hydrophobicity. As practice shows, in 24 hours of complete immersion in water, the material is able to absorb no more than 3% of the liquid of its mass. At the same time, 3% is the maximum absorption rate, it is not linear, and does not increase with time.

Due to this, with the help of foam, it is possible to insulate surfaces that are subject to constant contact with water. For example, the material is often used to insulate the foundation, or the basement, which are constantly exposed to groundwater.

2.4 Noise reduction

Styrofoam for insulating a house with foam plastic from the inside, in addition to thermal insulation, is often used for soundproofing rooms. Insulation of the house with polystyrene foam allows you to kill two birds with one stone: in addition to reducing the heat loss of the building, you will also receive high-quality sound insulation, which significantly increases the comfort of living in the city center or nearby railway and motorways.

Soundproofing foam ceiling

The sound damping properties of foam come from its porous structure. Inside the numerous cells, air is closed, which dampens all penetrating sound waves.

Of course, for high-quality insulation of impact noise, the use of foam plastic alone is not enough, however, the noise transmitted through the air, this material dampens quite effectively.

2.5 Chemical inertness

Such as an indicator as chemical inertness is one of the main factors determining the durability of any heat-insulating material. Styrofoam has everything in order with these parameters - it does not undergo destruction under the influence of alkaline and saline solutions, acids, alcohols, and water-soluble paints.

Styrofoam as a heater also has the advantage of microbiological inertness - microorganisms do not start in it, it is not afraid of dampness and does not grow moldy. The only negative is that rodents are very fond of feasting on the material, therefore, when performing insulation with this material, it is first necessary to take care of the destruction of mice.

2.6 Compliance sanitary standards

Any heat-insulating material that is used for internal insulation of a residential building must first of all be environmentally friendly, since in the opposite case, the residents of the house will constantly breathe its fumes.

The compliance of the foam plastic with all sanitary standards was confirmed by the Erisman Moscow National Institute of Hygiene (conclusion No. 03 / PM8), according to which no substances harmful to the human body were found in air samples in rooms that were insulated with foam plastic.

This is what the structure of the foam looks like under a microscope

2.7 Cons of application

The significant disadvantages that prevent the use of this material as an industrial insulation are not so terrible for domestic insulation.

First of all, it is worth highlighting the susceptibility to combustion, which makes it impossible to use the foam as a heater from the inside industrial buildings and other premises with high requirements for fire safety. According to the flammability class, the foam belongs to the G3 or G4 category, depending on the manufacturing technology.

To solve the issue of refractoriness, in the manufacture of foam, fire retardant is added to its composition, due to which the material acquires the ability to self-extinguish in the absence of direct contact with fire.

The optimal temperature range in which the foam can be used normally is from -100 to +80 degrees.

Practice shows that the material is able to withstand a short-term increase in temperature up to 110 degrees without loss of performance, for example, upon contact with molten bituminous mastic, however, with long-term exposure to temperatures above 80 degrees, deformation of the foam is possible.

The average melting point of foam is 270 degrees. The ignition temperature is 440 degrees, while if there is no direct contact with fire, the foam will die out within 4-5 seconds.

For example, the ignition temperature plain paper is the same 440-450 degrees. The melting point of plastic is 220 degrees.

Styrofoam Specifications: Thermal Conductivity

Styrofoam properties

Expanded polystyrene (styrofoam)- insulating material of white color for 98% consisting of the air concluded in billions of microscopic thin-walled cages from the made foam polystyrene. Expanded polystyrene is resistant to moisture, resistant to aging, not affected by microorganisms. As the most effective, insulating materials made of polystyrene foam (expanded polystyrene) have been used for 30 years for thermal insulation of roofs, walls, ceilings and floors in residential and administrative buildings. Ease of processing with hand saw or a knife, low volumetric weight, the possibility of gluing with various building materials, ease of mechanical fastening - undoubted merits expanded polystyrene (polystyrene). Expanded polystyrene (styrofoam) products are biologically safe and are used for food packaging.

Expanded polystyrene foam is practically waterproof. The amount of water taken in in relation to the weight volume of polystyrene foam per year varies between 1.5-3.5%. On the other hand, the breathability of expanded polystyrene greatly exceeds its water permeability. That is, the wall "breathes". The ambient temperature does not adversely affect the physical and chemical properties of expanded polystyrene. At temperatures up to 90 ° C, expanded polystyrene does not change its properties even for a long period of time. Atmospheric influence external walls made of polystyrene foam blocks are practically not affected.

Insulation purposes based on expanded polystyrene (styrofoam)

• reducing the cost of installation and construction works;
• saving thermal energy for heating;
• reducing the cost of heating equipment (by reducing its quantity);
• increase in the usable area of ​​the building by reducing the structural thickness of the walls;
• increasing the temperature comfort of the room;
• improving the environmental safety of a building structure.

Expanded polystyrene (polystyrene) has a high thermal insulation capacity, far exceeds the well-known traditional building materials, is able to provide long life any building, regardless of climatic conditions.

The need and advantages of using expanded polystyrene (polystyrene) in construction

There is an opinion that polystyrene is the most optimal material in construction. Considering everything physicochemical characteristics foam plastic and the expanded polystyrene itself, two groups of characteristics can be distinguished: safety characteristics and operational and technical characteristics. Consider the operational and technical properties of the foam:

• One of the main properties of polystyrene is a rather low coefficient of thermal conductivity, which allows it to be widely used in various construction works. Due to the evenly distributed air inside the polymer, and, as you know, air does not conduct heat well, expanded polystyrene boards are well suited for basic and additional protection of structures and premises from freezing walls in all weather conditions.
• Also, the foam has soundproofing and windproof properties, this allows you to use it if necessary.
• The next property is durability. Observing all the basic conditions of installation and operation, expanded polystyrene will not change the initial properties and will last for more than a dozen years. Styrofoam is a chemically neutral building material.
• The absolute moisture resistance of polystyrene foam boards allows them to be laid in places where accumulation or leakage of liquid is most likely. At the same time, the foam does not change its original shape, there is no displacement and swelling of the material.
• Ease of installation, fastening and cutting of polystyrene foam sheets and blocks significantly saves money and time for developers. You should also take into account the fact that when working with this building material, there is no need to use a special protective clothing, equipment and devices for workers.
• The foam is resistant to various types destructive action of water, alcohol, weak acids and alkalis, thereby extending the service life of expanded polystyrene boards and sheets.

Styrofoam Safety Features:

• The main indicator of the safety of expanded polystyrene is its fire resistance. When the foam plastic interacts with fire, the melted layers do not allow re-ignition and smoldering of the material, which is typical for wood that is familiar to us.
• Environmental friendliness of the material. The initial product for the manufacture of foam is styrene, consisting of hydrogen and carbon. Therefore, when polystyrene foam ignites, the same substances are released as when wood or coal is burned. To date, foam is the most proven and clean material, it is used in the manufacture of children's toys, for the storage and transportation of food.
• Temperature endurance. On this moment no minimum temperature threshold has been established at which the use of expanded polystyrene is contraindicated. The maximum temperature is approximately limited to +100°C. but it must be taken into account that such temperature values ​​\u200b\u200bare not found in construction, and therefore this value can be neglected.
• Resistance to microbiological factors. Foam boards do not contain nutrients for the life of microorganisms, therefore, the development and growth of various fungi and bacteria does not occur. This property guarantees cleanliness in the work and operation of expanded polystyrene.

With the introduction of new building standards for the thermal protection of buildings in Russia, it becomes necessary to transition the construction industry to new principles for solving problems. At the same time, architects and designers are increasingly turning to new materials and structures that can effectively meet the specified requirements. Expanded polystyrene is one of these materials. The thermal insulation properties of expanded polystyrene (styrofoam) in comparison with other materials are shown in the following table and speak for themselves. According to the current Russian building codes, the thickness of the walls, equally preventing heat loss in the building, should be approximately:

• Reinforced concrete - 4.20 m
• Brick - 2.10 m
• Expanded clay concrete - 0.90 m
• Tree - 0.45 m
• Mineral wool - 0.18 m
• Expanded polystyrene - 0.12 m

Calculation of thermal insulation with foam

The required thickness of thermal insulation is determined depending on the climatic conditions of operation and the purpose of the building, in addition, measures to protect against moisture condensation and energy saving should be taken into account.

Safety

The material is produced, used and disposed of without harm to the environment and human health. Expanded polystyrene is 100% reusable, the cleanest and safest thermal insulation material. It is also used as a packaging material for food, toys, etc.

Good thermal resistance

Styrofoam is 98% stationary air trapped in its closed cell structure. Static air is known to be the best natural heat insulator. The content of polystyrene plastic in the material is only 2% - this combination provides PSB-S boards with excellent heat-insulating properties. Moreover, expanded polystyrene retains its heat-insulating properties both in humid conditions and at low temperatures.

Soundproof and windproof

When insulated with PSB-S polystyrene foam boards, additional wind protection is not needed. In addition, the sound insulation of structures is improved.

moisture resistance

Thermal insulation boards PSB-S are not hygroscopic. The moisture absorption of expanded polystyrene is significantly lower than that of mineral wool. Even after prolonged immersion in water thermal insulation boards PSB-S absorb only a few percent of water from their bulk weight, this allows them to be used for insulation of foundations with direct contact of the insulation with the ground.

Short-term and long-term resistance to stress is one of the most important properties of expanded polystyrene. And it is much higher than that of mineral wool.

Maintaining stable dimensions

Insulation PSB-S remains stable in the building structure, and during the entire life of the building: it does not shrink, does not decrease in size and does not move in the structure.

Durability

During the entire life of the building, the quality of the properties of the PSB-S insulation does not deteriorate. The material's minimal moisture absorption ensures that it retains its load-bearing capacity and thermal insulation in wet conditions. Expanded polystyrene does not form on its surface a nutrient medium for the growth of microorganisms, does not rot, does not mold or decay, and is chemically resistant.

Ease of use

Due to their low weight, PSB-S expanded polystyrene boards are convenient and easy to handle, they can be easily cut into pieces. the right sizes by using conventional tools. For the builder, it is extremely important that using expanded polystyrene in work does not require the use of protective equipment: it is not poisonous, odorless, does not emit dust during processing, and does not cause skin irritation.

Flammability

All heat-insulating materials PSB-S are made from raw materials containing fire-resistant material - flame retardant, and comply with the requirements of GOST 15588-86. The operating temperature of expanded polystyrene is from -200°C to +85°C.

Polyfoam as a heater - its advantage and scope

Of all the thermal insulation materials in their arsenal, builders most often choose foam. As a heater, foam plastic has been used for quite a long time for thermal insulation of both large construction projects and in individual construction.

Many consider it to be one of the best materials for thermal insulation of houses and other premises. Almost every material has its pros and cons, having considered them, we will understand whether polystyrene foam is really the best option for insulating rooms.

Characteristics of foam as a heater

Styrofoam is a foamed mass. Styrofoam plates are distinguished by their low weight, since inside it is mainly filled with air. The raw material that makes up the foam has an even greater density than the original material. The bulk of the foam consists of still air, which is a good heat insulator.

Advantages of foam as a heater

1. According to the hygienic conclusions of the manufacturers and in accordance with state standard polystyrene is an environmentally friendly material. It is harmless to humans, as it does not emit toxic substances into the air.

2. In addition, this material has practically no shelf life, as it is not attacked by microorganisms and does not decompose. It has low thermal conductivity and has high vapor barrier properties.

3. Styrofoam is fireproof and flame retardant. When the temperature in the premises changes, it does not change its physical and chemical properties. High quality foam contains a flame retardant, which has the properties of self-extinguishing, as a result of which it does not support combustion.

4. The weight of this material is very low, and this is an additional plus, since it does not make the structure heavier and does not affect the shrinkage of the foundation.

5. It should be noted that this inexpensive material, easy to install in the building, and very durable.

Disadvantages of foam

For all positive properties foam, it also has a number of disadvantages.

1. Styrofoam has low mechanical strength, and therefore, it is necessary to create additional protection for it.

2. In addition, it is capable of being destroyed when nitro paints or paintwork materials with this composition.

3. The disadvantages of polystyrene include the impossibility of passing air.

4. It can be prone to attack by rodents, so you need to cover it with a durable layer of plaster.

Wall insulation with foam

Styrofoam, is good insulation for walls. The walls are insulated with foam plastic, both inside and outside. But most often they produce insulation from the outside. When insulating from the outside, it is possible to move the largest freezing point to outside walls, thereby preventing the cold from entering the room.

It is not correct to produce internal insulation of walls that face the street. The fact is that the wall that goes outside should be warmed up, thanks to the internal heating. When laying foam plastic on the inner surface of the wall, the wall will be insulated from both sides, that is, the wall will not only be insulated from the outside, but it will also be thermally insulated from inside premises, which will prevent its heating by means of heating.

As a result, the “dew point” will shift inside the wall, or this point will be between the wall and the foam layer. In these places, moisture will accumulate and impregnate the wall, in addition, this moisture can freeze in frosts, that is, all this will lead to a violation of heat transfer, and the walls will gradually be destroyed.

Therefore, the best option would be to insulate the walls from the outside, but it will definitely be necessary to finish the foam plastic on top with a layer of durable plaster. Styrofoam does not have increased mechanical strength, therefore, strengthening the walls is necessary for the durability of the structure.

Floor insulation with foam

Thermal insulation of the floor is also performed using foam boards. The use of styrofoam floor insulation is a very effective method to keep floors warm and reduce noise when walking on the floor or moving furniture. In this case, foam plates with a thickness of up to 50 mm are used for thermal insulation of the floor. They are laid on a layer of material with insulating properties. Next, the seams are hermetically processed, and only then, everything is filled with a screed.

Roof insulation

For thermal insulation of roofs in houses and buildings for various purposes, two methods are used: non-ventilated (warm roof) and ventilated (cold) roof. In the first case, when creating a non-ventilated (warm) roof, the entire roof is covered with foam plastic plates 70 mm thick, and a bituminous layer is poured on top. When using the second method, foam boards are installed on the back of the roof, and a ventilated surface is left to prevent the formation of water vapor. It is very important to correctly insulate the roofs in the attic.

Foundation thermal insulation

Insulation of the foundation with foam plastic requires enhanced protection, since not only soil pressure occurs, but the load on the foam plastic increases in winter during soil heaving, and this happens during freezing. A strong reinforcement is needed, for this they produce brickwork or pour concrete.

Thermal insulation of engineering systems

Styrofoam steel is very often used for thermal insulation engineering systems. For example, for thermal insulation of plumbing and sewer pipes during winter freezing, the use of polystyrene foam will be simply indispensable, as it will help to avoid the catastrophe of pipe breakage in the winter as much as possible. Styrofoam is also used for thermal insulation of cold water supply pipes. Thermally insulated with foam plastic and ventilation ducts, telephone lines and deep channels.

Styrofoam as a heater, its characteristics and scope Video

Polyfoam - characteristics and properties of insulation

Styrofoam is a modern building material that is used for thermal insulation of buildings and structures. Can be used for both outdoor and internal works. Styrofoam, the characteristics of which we will consider in this article, has a number of undeniable advantages. This material is extremely in demand and is in high demand among developers and construction organizations.

The structure and composition of the foam

Styrofoam is a white material with a rigid foam structure, which contains 98% air and 2% polystyrene.

For its manufacture, a technology has been developed for foaming polystyrene granules, after which these microscopic particles are treated with hot steam. The procedure is repeated several times, as a result of which the density and weight of the material are significantly reduced.

The prepared mass is subjected to drying to remove residual moisture. The process is carried out on outdoors in special drying containers. At this stage of production, the foam structure takes on its final shape. The sizes of the granules are in the range from 5 to 15 mm.

The dried foam granules are given the appropriate form in the form of plates. Pressing is carried out on special installations or machines that “pack” the foam and give it a compact shape.

After pressing the foam, it is once again treated with hot steam, as a result of which white blocks with the specified width parameters are formed. Blocks are cut with special tools according to the dimensions required by the customer. Styrofoam sheets can be standard or custom sizes. The thickness of the foam varies from 20 to 1000 mm, and the dimensions of the plates have the following dimensions:

Foam specifications

Thermal conductivity

The indisputable advantage of foam plastic is its unique heat-insulating ability. This is due to the fact that the polystyrene cells in the form of polyhedrons 0.3-0.5 mm in size are completely closed. The closed cycle of air cells reduces heat transfer and prevents the penetration of cold.

Windproof and soundproof properties

Walls insulated with foam plastic do not need additional wind protection. Moreover, the sound insulation of buildings and structures is significantly increased. High soundproofing properties are also due to the cellular structure of the foam. For high-quality isolation of premises from external noise, it is enough to lay a layer of material 2-3 centimeters thick. The thicker the foam layer is used, the better sound insulation can be achieved in the room.

Low water absorption

In comparison with other materials, the foam is characterized by low hygroscopicity. Even with direct exposure to water, it absorbs a minimal amount of moisture. This is due to the fact that water does not penetrate through the walls of the foam plastic cells, but only seeps through separate channels through interconnected cells.

Strength and durability of foam

Foam boards do not change their physical properties During a long time. They withstand considerable pressure, but at the same time they do not deform or collapse. good example is the construction of runways, where polystyrene has found wide application. The degree of strength is determined by the thickness of the expanded polystyrene plate and its correct laying.

Resistance to biological and chemical attack

Expanded polystyrene boards are resistant to aggressive environments, including solutions of salts, alkalis and acids, sea ​​water, lime, gypsum, cement, bitumen, silicone and water-soluble paints. A certain effect during prolonged exposure can be exerted by substances containing animals and vegetable oils as well as gasoline and diesel fuel.

When using foam as a building material, avoid contact with aggressive chemical compounds, among which:

• organic solvents (paint thinners, turpentine, ethyl acetate, acetone);
• saturated hydrocarbons (alcohols) and refined petroleum products (kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil).

The cellular structure, which is the basis of the foam, in contact with the listed compounds, is broken and can completely dissolve in them.

Styrofoam is an unfavorable environment for microorganisms. However, in case of significant contamination, the appearance and reproduction of harmful microorganisms on its surface is possible.

Ease of installation and ease of use

Styrofoam boards are extremely lightweight, making them easy to handle and easy to install. They are cut into pieces required sizes conventional tools.

Expanded polystyrene is recognized as an environmentally friendly material and does not emit harmful substances. Therefore, builders working with it do not need individual funds protection. The material is non-toxic, does not form dust, does not irritate skin and has no odor.

fire safety

High-quality building materials must meet all fire safety requirements and be resistant to open flames. Styrofoam does not support the combustion process and flares up at a temperature that is twice that of wood. Moreover, during the combustion of foam plastic, energy is released 8 times less than during the combustion of wood. This means that the temperature of the fire when burning foam is much lower.

Expanded polystyrene can ignite only during direct contact with an open flame. When exposure stops, the foam self-extinguishes within four seconds. These indicators characterize it as a relatively fireproof building material. Although manufacturers sellers claim that it is absolutely fireproof.

Styrofoam grades depending on density and their application

The numbers in the marking of the foam indicate its density, the larger the number, the greater the density.

Styrofoam brand PPT-10 is used for:

• insulation of building change houses, trailers and containers;

Styrofoam brand PPT-15 is used for:

• sound and heat insulation internal walls;
• insulation of balconies and loggias;
• insulation of houses, apartments and other premises;
• sound insulation and insulation of structures that do not experience significant mechanical stress;
• thermal insulation water pipes(protect them from freezing and increase service life).

Styrofoam brand PPT-20-A is used for:

• thermal insulation of building facades;
• production of decorative and finishing materials.

Styrofoam brand PPT-25 is used for:

• sound and heat insulation of internal and external walls;
• thermal insulation of foundations and floors;
• thermal insulation attic floors and ceilings;
• sound and heat insulation of attic rooms and roofs;
• insulation of balconies and loggias, facades of houses and apartments;
• manufacturing of structures of multilayer panels (including reinforced concrete);
• arrangement of access areas, heated paths, car boxes, parking lots;
• hydro and thermal insulation of underground utilities;
• protection of soils from swelling and freezing;
• thermal insulation of water pipes;
• thermal insulation of sewer drains;
• strengthening slopes of swimming pools, sports grounds, flower lawns.

Styrofoam brand PPT-35 is used:

• for internal and external sound and heat insulation of walls;
• for sound and heat insulation of foundations and floors;
• for sound and heat insulation of attic rooms and roofs;
• for insulation of facades of apartments and houses, loggias and balconies;
• in the arrangement of floors and walls cold rooms in multi-storey refrigerators;
• for thermal insulation of heated soils, ventilated undergrounds in auto repair shops;
• when laying or reconstructing roads in wetlands and moving soils;
• during installation refrigeration equipment(refrigerated cars, freezers) and cold insulation of warehouses;
• to protect bases from freezing and increase their strength during the construction of highways and runways;
• when laying and repairing railway lines (protection from frost, protection from distortions and subsidence of roads on wetlands);
• for covering the soil in the process of strengthening ledges of bridges and slopes of embankments.

Styrofoam marking is supplemented with conventional lettering:

• A - a plate with smooth edges in the form of a parallelepiped;
• B - the plate has edges in the form of an L-edge;
• P - a plate cut to the outer size with a hot string;
• F - a plate made according to the outer size in a special form;
• H - foam board, intended for outdoor use.

Here is an example of what the foam marking looks like:

Disadvantages of foam

#1. The main disadvantage of expanded polystyrene is its combustibility. Styrofoam sheets are highly flammable and release toxic fumes. To counter this, special additives and technologies for the production of self-extinguishing foam have been developed.

#2. Styrofoam structures must be protected from the damaging effects of solvents and ultraviolet radiation. The use of polystyrene boards in the open air requires their protection from sunlight.

Polyfoam - characteristics and properties of insulation

A lot of people have faced the problem of warming an apartment or a private house. There are many materials suitable for this, but the use of foam is considered the most popular due to its low price and good performance insulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of the material

Before purchasing right amount foam for insulation, you need to learn about the advantages and disadvantages of this material. The advantages of polystyrene include:

• Light weight. Styrofoam is produced by foaming and cooling a substance such as polystyrene. Due to the fact that in the final composition of the foam only 2% polystyrene, and 98% are gas bubbles, it can be called one of the lightest materials. Even a child can easily lift large insulation boards.
• Ease of cutting and installation, thanks to which even a non-specialist can work with foam construction industry.
• direct resistance sunbeams, temperature extremes, frost, high atmospheric pressure. This makes the heater so popular.
• Heat capacity. Polyfoam is characterized by low thermal pressure.
• The material is characterized by high-quality sound insulation from impact noise.
• This insulation is considered fireproof - yes, it will not be able to extinguish the flame, but it will extinguish it.
• Long service life with proper installation.
• Resistant to some chemicals.
• Environmental safety - the composition of the foam does not include any chemical compounds, which makes it very safe for those living in the house.
• Small cost of foam. The price is most often the determining factor, and therefore the low cost of foam plastic makes it one of the most popular materials.

But it is worth remembering about the shortcomings that any building material has. If speak about this material, then its disadvantages include:

• Little mechanical strength. This suggests that after installation you will have to additionally protect the insulation from damage.
• Styrofoam plates practically do not let air through.
• The material is quickly destroyed, being under the influence of paint and varnish solutions and nitro-paints.

Styrofoam as a heater - where and how?

This material is widely used in the construction industry. We will talk about how to conduct insulation using this material, having considered all possible options. So, for example, the walls are insulated with foam, both external and internal. If we talk about external insulation, then in this case it is possible to move the largest part of freezing to outer walls, so that the cold will not penetrate into the room. But here it is important to put a layer of plaster on top of the insulation - this will protect the material from damage.

The use of foam is also possible for. In this case, it is best to use the material in apartments, since the foam leads to a reduction in walking noise. But here plates are needed, the thickness of which should be 0.5 m. The process of insulation is simple: we put foam plastic on top of the insulating layer, process the seams with sealant and fill it with a screed on top. Conducted and. In this case, the insulation depends on which method you prefer. If we are talking about a non-ventilated roof, then the entire roof is covered with slabs of material, and they are poured with bitumen on top. When choosing a ventilated roof, the insulation boards are mounted on the back of the roof, leaving a ventilated surface to prevent the appearance of water vapor.

Construction foam is also used for thermal insulation of the foundation. It is worth noting that the insulation of the foundation with the help of foam plates requires additional protection.

What you need to remember about the foam and insulation with it?

First of all, do not forget that the foam is one of the favorite delicacies of rodents - their attacks can lead to the rapid destruction of the insulation. To prevent this from happening, be sure to cover the foam with a layer of plaster. It is best to use the bark beetle mixture, which is also characterized by excellent aesthetic properties and protection from direct sunlight.

The characteristics of the foam allow you to determine the degree of its effectiveness as a heater, under certain conditions. This material has its pros and cons, so it is used selectively. But such properties of foam as thermal conductivity, long service life and relatively good vapor permeability make it quite popular, despite the emergence of newer analogues.

Structure and scope

The foam acquires its characteristics due to the special structure. This is a granular material based on polystyrene. It contains up to 98% air, while the volume of a dense structure does not exceed 2%. The use of dry steam for the processing of pellets provides the main properties: low foam density and low weight.

Sheets are formed after thorough drying of the base material. This production technology also gives other qualities to the foam: a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, which makes it a popular insulation; low sheet strength. The last of the factors can affect the life of the product. This type of insulation is used in different areas: construction industry; food industry (packaging), radio electronics, shipbuilding.

Specification overview

Exist different brands foam, each of which has its own set of properties and parameters. Based on this information, a choice should be made.

Thermal conductivity index

Closed cells represent the structure of the foam, due to which the insulation of this type acquires the ability to retain heat in the room. The thermal conductivity coefficient is: from 0.033 to 0.037 W / (m * K).

Due to the low thermal conductivity of the insulation, a high degree of energy saving is ensured.

Insulation is considered effective, the value of this parameter is not more than 0.05 W / (m * K). There are more effective materials, however, the average characteristics of the foam allow it to be successfully used so far.

Sound insulation qualities, wind protection

The best for protection against extraneous noise is a material that has the following technical characteristics: low thermal conductivity and at the same time the ability to pass air. Porous foam fits these criteria. This means that this type of insulation does an excellent job of protecting the object from noise.

Moreover, the greater the thickness of the sheet, the better the soundproofing qualities of the material. If you need to protect the object from the wind, then the foam will successfully solve this problem, as it consists of many closed cells.

moisture absorption

The ability of this type of insulation to absorb water is quite low, which allows us to consider it non-hygroscopic. The indicator of moisture absorption at constant contact with water during the day corresponds to 1%.

This is somewhat more than that of penoplex (0.4%), but also less than that of most of some other analogues, for example, mineral wool. Due to the low hygroscopicity, the life of the foam is significantly extended, as the risk of mold or mildew is reduced.

Temperature regime

The considered insulation does not change its properties with a significant increase in temperature (up to 90 degrees). Low values ​​also have no effect pernicious influence on this type of material, so it is used, in particular, for thermal insulation of external walls. But during laying with the use of an adhesive, it is recommended to observe the temperature regime: not lower than +5 and not more than +30 degrees.

Influence of external factors

These include temperature fluctuations, wind load, rain, snow and any mechanical source of pressure. The strength of the foam sheet is low under the influence of the last of the factors considered.

This is due to the low weight and large-cell structure. Moreover, the thickness of the material practically does not change the situation. If we compare it with penoplex, this option has high strength characteristics.

Degree of resistance to chemicals and microorganisms

Upon contact with a number of substances, the properties of the foam do not change, these include: salt solutions, alkali, acid, gypsum, lime, bitumen, cement mortar, some types of paints and varnishes (based on silicones and water-soluble formulations). It is necessary to avoid contact of polystyrene-based insulation with such substances: solvents, acetone, turpentine, gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil.

Given the low hygroscopicity and the closed structure of the material, the foam does not provide suitable conditions for the reproduction of harmful microorganisms.

fire safety

The insulation belongs to flammable materials (combustibility category G3 and G4), however, its burning time, provided that the source of ignition is removed, does not exceed 3 seconds.

Properties

Sheet dimensions, in particular, its thickness, as well as density, are one of the main indicators on the basis of which the choice of material is made.

Density

This parameter is the ratio of weight to volume, respectively, the units of measurement are kg / cu. m. The higher the density of the foam, the heavier it will be. And the weight of the product is one of the factors that determine the cost of the product. Accordingly, the greater the density and weight, the more expensive the insulation will cost.

If we consider the influence of this parameter on the thermal conductivity index, then a direct relationship is not observed. The basis of the foam is air-filled closed cells. An increase in density can only slightly change the thermal conductivity (by tenths) due to the compaction of the granules. On the whole general structure The material remains unchanged, which means that its ability to retain heat does not change.

There are different brands of polystyrene-based insulation: with the designation 15, 25, 35 and 50. The values ​​​​correspond to the thickness of the sheet. Additionally, some letters may be indicated: A, N, F, R, B, C, which determines the manufacturing method or specific properties.

Dimensions

Standard foam dimensions:

• 1.0x1.0 m;
• 1.0x0.5 m;
• 2.0x1.0 m.

The thickness of the insulation varies from 10 to 100 mm with a certain step: 10 mm; 20 mm; 30 mm; 40 mm; 50 mm and 100 mm. The higher the value of this parameter, the more expensive it will cost. The strength characteristics are not affected by the thickness, unless a material with a high density is considered.

Advantages and disadvantages

There are few disadvantages of polystyrene sheets: low bending strength; destruction upon contact with certain types of paints and aggressive compounds; insufficiently high rate of vapor permeability, although higher than that of penoplex.

Main advantages:

• Low price;
• Long service life;
• Light weight;
• Insignificant level of hygroscopicity;
• Resistant to high and low temperature;
• Easy installation and easy processing;
• Resistance to the formation of fungus;
• Low thermal conductivity.

All these positive qualities provide the technical characteristics of the insulation, as well as its properties. The service life of the material in question, although long, is, however, lower than that of the analogue - penoplex.

According to some characteristics, this insulation is superior to other analogues, for example, mineral wool. But there is also significant shortcomings, in particular, instability to a number of compositions, low strength.

Styrofoam is one of the most suitable materials with which you can perform insulation wooden house both inside and outside.

The resulting sheathing will provide a high level of insulation, besides, if necessary, it can be sheathed from the inside with drywall.

House insulated with polyurethane

1 Features of foam as a material for insulation

The foam is presented in the form of gas-filled plastic, painted in White color, which has a low weight and low density indicators.

Before you insulate your home with polystyrene foam and cover the wall of a wooden house with plasterboard from the outside or from the inside, you should familiarize yourself with the main characteristics of the foam.

Wall decoration with this material will allow the walls to gain good soundproofing characteristics. After that, the wall can be sheathed with drywall.

If you correctly sheathe the wall of a wooden house with foam from the outside, and preferably from the inside, then the insulation will be quite effective and reliable.

In addition, reviews of the presented material for insulation are mostly positive.

Styrofoam is practically a moisture-proof material, therefore, sheathing, insulation and finishing with its use from the inside or outside wooden structure must be carried out correctly.

Otherwise, when the walls are insulated from the inside (and subsequently sheathed with drywall), condensation may accumulate in the room, which will lead to an increase in humidity levels.

Innovative insulation - Barlight panels

In such a situation, it is better to think in advance about what kind of waterproofing can be used. For example, it will be correct to sheathe the wall from the outside with drywall.

1.1 Advantages and disadvantages

It is best to insulate a wooden house from the outside. However, in some cases it is impossible to carry out insulation in this way.

Finishing the insulated surface on the outside is also unacceptable. Good reviews indicate that the insulation of the internal walls of apartments with polystyrene foam is becoming increasingly popular among owners of city apartments.

Installation work using such a heater can be initiated at any time of the year.

This will not require special tools and construction scaffolds. If necessary, insulate with foam living rooms can be selective.

1.2 Is it worth it to insulate the house with foam from the inside?

Wall insulation with any material from the inside is not recommended by some experts. Insulation with foam is also highly undesirable in some situations. The fact is that foamed polystyrene has a number of disadvantages.

It is combustible and when it burns into the air, toxic substances are released, which are a danger to human life and health.

Some tenants, with insulation inner surface foam walls, they began to observe the appearance of condensate on them.

In addition, if you still decide to insulate the walls with such material, then you will need to make sure that a special layer of vapor barrier is created.

When insulated with this material inner dimensions space is significantly reduced. However, all these consequences can be eliminated at the initial stages of their occurrence, and therefore it can be assumed that the foam is quite suitable material in order to use it to produce internal insulation.

In order to prevent accidental fire, you must carefully comply with all fire safety requirements in the interior.

The flammability group is almost always indicated on the product label, in addition, you can check it yourself.

To do this, you just need to set fire to a piece of foam, and if it burns intensively and drips, then its flammability level will be quite high. If it fades in a draft or wind, then the degree of flammability will be lower.

When condensation occurs, the walls become damp, and, with a high degree of probability, mold may appear.

In order to avoid this, it is necessary to determine the location of the dew point. As a rule, this is the area where cold collides with heat, therefore, condensation forms there.

It is necessary to ensure that the dew point does not occur in the space between the insulation and the wall. To avoid this, the installation of insulation is carried out close to the wall, while there should be no gaps or gaps.

If a vapor barrier is used, it will be necessary to provide ventilation indoors. It must be of the forced type.

In this case, between the layer vapor barrier material and a heater, you need to form a gap, presented in the form of a ventilation gap.

In this case, the apartment will not be observed high humidity air. In most cases, when insulating walls with foam, a material is used whose layer thickness is on average 2 centimeters.

Then the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe interior will be reduced slightly. From this it follows that the insulation of the house with foam is quite feasible.

The cost of the presented material is quite acceptable, the low weight of the product contributes to the ease of installation work. Almost anyone can insulate walls with this material.

2 Reviews

As mentioned above, the reviews about the presented insulation are mostly positive.

Anton, 43 years old, Voronezh:

Before the onset of winter, I decided to insulate the balcony with polystyrene foam, since my apartment is corner and located on the windy side. Used standard plates and all installation work did it himself. Now the apartment is securely insulated. The material is excellent, I recommend it to everyone. I was recommended.

Vladimir, 36 years old, Khabarovsk:

I have been selling building materials and insulation for quite a long time. Styrofoam always sells very quickly, and many buyers ask to bring more. Excellent heater.

Alexander, 55 years old, Ufa:

I have been living in a private house for many years, but here is mine heating system started working intermittently. I didn’t have the money to repair and replace it, but I decided to insulate the walls with foam. Now the temperature in the house in the winter began to stay at a high level. Very happy with this heater.

2.1 How to sheathe walls with foam?

Despite the fact that such construction works do not differ high level complexity, they are associated with a number of their subtleties.

In any case, like any of the applied methods of thermal insulation, this one should also begin with the stage of processing and preparing the inner surface of the walls.

If the walls of the house are built of brick, then they need to be without fail put in plaster.

In the event that the house is built of concrete blocks, these works can be omitted. After the putty is completely dry, the walls must be primed.

After that, it is carried out finishing and leveling with putty. For this purpose, it is best to use plumb lines of a vertical type.

Thus, the process of preparing the walls consists of several stages, which successively replace each other.

1. The walls are cleaned from the old coating and facing materials.
2. Surface defects (chips, notches, cracks) are searched for in the wall.
3. Defects are eliminated with the use of plaster or putty.
4. The final alignment is in progress.

Large cracks can be repaired with polyurethane foam. After the surface of the walls becomes sufficiently even, they will need to be subjected to an additional primer again.

2.2 How to install insulation?

In order to carry out the installation of foam, you will need a certain number of umbrella dowels, equipped with hats in the form of parachutes.

In order to start the installation of foam plastic, which is in the form of plates, you will need mastic, which is presented in the form of a special glue.

It should be applied at the corners of the slab in small quantities or evenly applied to all edges.

In most cases, one layer of insulation is able to protect the house from the cold with a high degree of reliability.

Sometimes during installation, the glue is supplemented with special mechanical fasteners. For this purpose, umbrella dowels are used, equipped with a wide hat. They need to be used a few days after the foam has been glued to the wall.

That is adhesive composition must dry completely. It is important to remember that the laying of foam boards should be carried out from the bottom up.

In this case, each individual sheet should, with a maximum degree of density, adjoin to the neighboring one.

Plates need to be laid out with a checkerboard pattern. After the wall cladding with foam comes to an end, you will need to start processing the seams. In those joints that will be deep, with the help of glue, you need to place additional strips of heat-insulating material.

Small and inconspicuous gaps can be repaired with the help of ordinary polyurethane foam. It goes well with foam.

The remaining foam can be carefully cut off with a construction knife and rubbed with fine sandpaper. As waterproofing material the most common film made using polyethylene can act.

In order to strengthen the internal structure of the walls and increase their degree of reliability, they can be reinforced. To do this, a mesh made of fiberglass must be installed on the insulated surface.

2.3 How to insulate the wall of the house from the inside with foam plastic? (video)